i 


WAR     DEPARTMENT, 
OFFICE    DIRECTOR    CENSUS    OF    fORTO    RICO. 


ON  THE 


CENSUS  OF  PORTO  RICO, 


1899. 


LT.  COL  J.  P.  SANGER,  Inspector-General, 

DIRECTOR. 

HENRY    GANNETT,  WALTER    IT. 

STATISTICAL   EXPERTS. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT    PRINTING    OFFICE. 
1900. 


-"ORNIA 

SANTA  BARBARA 


„.,.,  <L 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Letter  of  transmittal  of  the  Director  of  the  Census  to  the  Secretary  of  War 9 

Organization  of  the  Census 9 

The  field  work 9 

Geography 11 

Orography 11 

Political  divisions 11 

Climate 12 

Minerals,  flora,  and  fauna 13 

History 13 

Discovery 13 

Settlement 14 

Indian  uprisings  and  foreign  invasions 14 

Slow  development  of  island 15 

Intervention  by  the  United  States 15 

Revenues  and  expenditures 17 

Economic  condition 17 

Government 18 

Municipal,  district,  and  departmental  government 21 

The  judiciary 22 

Aborigines 23 

Negroes 30 

Chinese 32 

Summary  of  past  censuses 32 

Census  of  1860 32 

Census  of  1877 34 

Census  of  1887 1 35 

Form  of  population  schedules 36 

Method  of  tabulation 38 

Discussion  of  population  tables 40 

Total  population 40 

Urban  population 43 

Center  of  population 44 

Sex 45 

Age 46 

Age  and  sex 53 

Race 55 

Race  and  sex 60 

Race  and  age 60 

Nativity 62 

Males  of  voting  age 62 

Conjugal  condition 65 

The  single 66 

The  married 68 

The  widowed 71 

Education 71 

History 71 

Literacy 72 

3 


4  CONTENTS. 

Discussion  of  population  tables — Continued.  Page. 
Education — Continued. 

School  attendance 75 

Classified  by  sex 77 

Classified  by  age 77 

Classified  by  race 78 

Literacy  among  persons  over  10  years  of  age 78 

Statistics  of  educational  institutions 83 

Occupations 86 

Breadwinners  classified  by  sex 88 

Breadwinners  classified  by  age 89 

Breadwinners  classified  by  age  and  sex 90 

Breadwinners  classified  by  race 92 

Breadwinners  classified  by  race  and  sex 93 

Breadwinners  classified  as  native  and  foreign  born 94 

Breadwinners  classified  by  groups  of  occupations 95 

Breadwinners  classified  by  specified  occupations 97 

Size  of  families 97 

Families  of  one  member 99 

Families  of  eleven  members 100 

Families  of  two  to  ten  members 101 

Sanitary  condition  of  dwellings 102 

Dwellings  and  families 105 

Source  of  water  supply 106 

In  San  Juan 108 

In  Ponce 109 

In  Mayaguez 109 

Disposition  of  garbage 109 

Disposition  of  excreta 110 

Vital  statistics 112 

Deaths  and  death  rates 112 

Births  and  birth  rates 112 

Marriages  and  marriage  rates 113 

Agriculture 118-141 

Coffee 118-129 

Report  of  Sefior  Ricardo  Hernandez 118-121 

Suitable  climate 119 

Suitablesoil 119 

Methods  of  cultivation 120 

Methods  of  preparation 121 

Report  of  Sefior  M.  Badrena 125-129 

Sugar 129-141 

Report  of  Seflor  Ricardo  Hernandez 129-141 

Suitable  climate 130 

Suitable  soil 130 

Time  of  sowing 131 

Reproduction 132 

Preparation  of  ground 133 

Spade  planting 135 

Planting  in  holes  or  pit.* 135 

Planting  on  banks 136 

Replanting 137 

\Vtvding 138 

Hilling 138 


CONTENTS.  5 

Agriculture — Continued. 
Sugar — Continued. 

Report  of  Sefior  Ricardo  Hernandez — Continued.  Page. 

Trimming 138 

Cutting  the  cane 139 

Cost  of  production 140 

Amount  produced 141 

Tobacco 141 

Report  of  Seiior  Planella 141-144 

Methods  of  production 142 

Production 145 

Stock  raising 146 

Roads,  railroads,  and  agricultural  implements 146 

Discussion  of  agricultural  tables 147 

Farm  schedule 148 

Size  of  farm 149 

Farm  tenure,  by  race 150 

Farm  products 152 

Coffee 153 

Sugar 154 

Sugar  mills  and  distilleries 155 

TABLES. 

TABLE       I.  Total  population,  by  departments 156 

II.  Total  population,  by  municipal  districts 156 

III.  Total  population,  by  departments,  districts,  and  wards 157 

IV.  Total  population,  by  cities 163 

V.  Sex,  general  nativity,  and  color,  by  departments  and  districts. .  164 

VI.  Percentages  by  sex,  by  departments  and  districts 168 

VII.  Percentages  by  nativity  and  color,  by  departments  and  dis- 
tricts   170 

VIII.  Age  and  sex,  by  department  and  districts 172 

IX.  Age,  sex,  nativity,  and  race,  by  departments 174 

X.  Nativity,  by  departments  and  districts 185 

XI.  Nativity,  sex,  and  race,  by  departments 187 

XII.  Males  21  years  of  age  and  over,  by  birthplace,  race,  and  literacy, 

by  departments  and  districts 190 

XIII.  Conjugal  condition,  by  departments  and  districts 194 

XIV.  Conjugal  condition,  race,  sex,  and  nativity,  by  departments 196 

XV.  Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  by  depart- 
ments   200 

XVI.  Illegitimate  children,  with  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  by 

departments 240 

XVII.  School  attendance,  literacy,  and  superior  education,  by  depart- 
ments and  districts 243* 

XVIII.  Percentages  10  years  of  age  and  over,  with  age,  sex,  race, 

nativity,  and  literacy,  by  departments 245 

XIX.  Superior  education,  with  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  by  depart- 
ments    265 

XX.  School  attendance,  with  sex  and  race,  by  departments 267 

XXI.  Kind  and  capacity  of  educational  institutions,  by  departments.  281 

XXII.  Number  of  pupils,  with  color  and  sex,  by  departments 281 

XXIII.  Grand  groups  of  occupations,  with  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  by 

departments  and  districts 282 


6  CONTENTS. 

Page 
TABLE  XXIV.  Grand  groups  of  occupations,  with  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity, 

by  departments 306 

XXV.  Occupations,  by  departments 326 

XXVI.  Occupations,  with  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  for  the  island 327 

XXVII.  Occupations,  with  age  and  sex,  for  the  island 328 

XXVIII.  Occupations,  with  sex,  literacy,  and  superior  education,  for  the 

island 330 

XXIX.  Occupations,  with  sex  and  conjugal  condition,  for  the  island..  331 

XXX.  Occupations,  with  sex  and  place  of  birth,  for  the  island 333 

XXXI.  Number  and  size  of  families,  by  departments  and  districts 335 

XXXII.  Source  of  water  supply,  by  departments  and  districts 339 

XXXIII.  Disposition  of  garbage,  by  departments  and  districts 341 

XXXIV.  Disposition  of  excreta,  by  departments  and  districts 343 

XXXV.  Births  from  1888  to  1898,  by  departments  and  districts 345 

XXXVI.  Marriages  from  1888  to  1898,  by  departments  and  districts 348 

XXXVII.  Deaths  from  1888  to  1898,  by  departments  and  districts. .......  350 

XXXVIII.  Farm  areas,  by  departments  and  districts 352 

XXXIX.  Tenure  of  farms,  with  size,  and  race  of  occupant;  number  of 

farms,  by  departments 354 

XL.  Tenure  of  farms,  with  size,  and  race  of  occupant;  cultivated 

area,  by  departments 355 

XLL  Areas  cultivated  in  the  principal  crops,  by  departments 356 

XLII.  Live  stock,  by  departments ^ 358 

APPENDICES. 

I.  War  Department  orders  organizing  the  census 361 

II.  War  Department  order  appointing  disbursing  officers 365 

III.  List  of  enumerators  and  enumeration  districts 365 

IV.  Contract  with  the  Tabulating  Machine  Co 381 

V.  List  of  governors  of  Porto  Rico 382 

VI.  Bibliography 386 

VII.  Statement  of  expenditures 387 


LIST   OF   ILLUSTRATIONS. 


MAI'S. 

Page. 

Density  of  rural  population 42 

Sex _ 46 

Native  whites,  proportion  to  total  population 54 

Colored,  proportion  to  total  population 56 

Married,  proportion  to  all  living  together 70 

Illiterates,  proportion  of  population  over  10  years  of  age 78 

Cultivated  land,  proportion  to  total  area 148 

Coffee  land,  proportion  of  all  cultivated  land 152 

Sugar  land,  proportion  of  all  cultivated  land 154 

DIAGRAMS. 

Total  population,  historical 40 

Age  and  sex 44 

Conjugal  condition,  sex,  race,  nativity,  and  occupations 50 

Conjugal  condition  by  race,  sex  and  age 66 

Size  of  families 100 

Agricultural  products 156 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  REPRODUCTIONS. 

Supervisors  of  the  census Frontispiece. 

El  Yunque,  in  the  Sierra  Luquillo 12 

Ruins  of  church  at  Pueblo  Viejo 14 

Aguadilla:  Monument  erected  at  this  place  to  Columbus,  where  he  first  landed 

November  19,  1493 , 16 

Types  of  Porto  Ricans 28 

Native  negroes 30 

Types  of  mestizos 32 

Native  huts .' 34 

Native  huts  in  Catano 36 

Native  hut 38 

Public  school  in  Arecibo 72  • 

Public  school  in  Manati 74. 

Public  school  iii  Mayaguez 76 

Coffee  plantation  in  Mayaguez 118 

Coffee  plantation  in  Adjuntas 120 

Coffee  plantation  in  Lares 122 

Clearing  a  cane  field 130 

Clearing  a  cane  field  with  harrow 132 

Sugar  plantation  in  Arecibo 134 

7 


8  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Page. 

Sugar  mill  and  plantation  in  Manati  (Injenio) 136 

Sugar  mill  in  Manati 138 

Ruins  of  sugar  mill  di-stroyed  by  hurricane  of  August  8,  1899.     Anasco 140 

Cocoanut  farm  in  Mayaguez 142 

Gathering  cocoanuts 144 

Agricultural  implements 146 

Orange  grove  in  Mayaguez 146 

City  of  San  Juan  (south  half) 156 

City  of  San  Juan  (north  half) 156 

City  of  Coamo 180 

City  of  Ponce  (west  half) 200 

City  of  Ponce  (east  half) 200 

City  of  TJtuado 220 

Main  street  in  Caguas 240 

City  of  Cayey 260 

City  of  Arecibo 280 

City  of  Guayama 320 

City  of  Aibonito £00 

City  of  Fajardo , 340 

Plaza  of  Mayaguez 356 

Enumerators  of  Aguadilla 366 

Enumerators  of  Arecibo 368 

Enumerators  of  Cayey 370 

Enumerators  of  Humacao 372 

Supervisor  and  enumerators  of  Mayaguez 374 

Enumerators  of  Ponce 376 

Enumerators  of  San  Juan..  378 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT,  PORTO  RICAN  CENSUS, 

Washington^  November  7,  1900. 

SIR:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  of  the  census 
of  Porto  Rico: 

The  Executive  order  for  taking  the  census  was  issued  September  8, 
1899  (Appendix  I).  An  estimate  of  expenses  was  made  on  the  basis 
of  the  probable  population,  and  the  execution  of  the  field  work  by 
native  Porto  Ricans,  on  the  lines  followed  in  taking  the  census  of  Cuba, 
except  that  the  supervisors  were  not  brought  to  Washington. 

Mr.  Harrison  Dingman,  an  experienced  officer  of  the  United  States 
census,  was  selected  as  Assistant  Director  to  superintend  the  field  work, 
and  left  Washington  with  his  office  force  September  30. 

The  division  of  the  island  into  917  enumeration  districts  and  the 
appointment  of  the  enumerators  were  finished  November  (>,  and 
promptly  on  November  10  the  enumeration  was  commenced.  On 
December  20  it  was  completed,  and  on  January  25, 1900,  Mr.  Dingman 
and  party  left  Porto  Rico  for  Washington,  arriving  January  30. 

The  field  work  was  carried  on  under  great  difficulties,  owing  to  the 
effects  of  the  hurricane  of  August  8  and  the  prevalence  of  the  rainy 
season,  which  made  communication  almost  impossible  in  many  parts 
of  the  rural  districts.  Nevertheless,  the  enumeration  was  rapidly  and 
thoroughly  done  despite  all  obstacles,  and  Mr.  Dingman,  the  super- 
visors, and  their  associates  are  to  be  congratulated  on  the  thorough 
accomplishment  of  the  work.  The  same  precautions  were  observed  as 
in  Cuba  in  determining  literacy  in  doubtful  cases,  the  persons  enumer- 
ated being  requested  to  read  and  write.  In  the  latter  part  of  December 
and  early  in  January,  the  Director  of  the  Census  made  a  visit  of  inspec- 
tion to  a  majority  of  the  departments.  The  Supervisors  were  found  to 
be  entirely  qualified  for  their  important  duties  and  their  offices  in  good 
running  order.  As  man}'  enumerators  as  possible  were  questioned  con- 
cerning the  schedules,  and  gave  unmistakable  evidence  of  their  intel- 
ligence and  their  anxiety  to  perform  their  duties  honestly  (Appendix 
III).  Sixty-two  women  were  appointed  enumerators,  and  thus,  for  the 
first  time  in  Porto  Rico,  as  in  the  census  of  Cuba,  women  were  given 
public  employment. 


10  LETTER    OF    TRANSMITTAL. 

The  tabulation  was  made  by  the  Tabulating  Machine  Company  under 
a  contract  executed  Feb.  1. 1900  (Appendix  V).  Three  census  bulle- 
tins were  issued,  and  in  their  preparation,  as  well  as  in  the  preparation 
of  this  report,  I  have  had  the  valuable  assistance  of  Mr.  Henry  Gannett, 
of  the  Geological  Survey,  and  Mr.  Walter  F.  Willcox,  of  the  United 
States  Census. 

As  several  voluminous  reports  have  been  published  recently  on  the 
economic  and  social  conditions  prevailing  in  Porto  Rico,  notably  those 
of  Gen.  George  W.  Davis,  Military  Governor,  and  Hon.  Henry  K.  Car- 
roll, special  commissioner  for  the  United  States  to  Porto  Rico,  and 
as  other  reports  are  in  course  of  preparation,  it  has  not  been  thought 
necessary  to  enter  minutely  into  details  concerning  history,  govern- 
ment, and  education,  all  of  which  have  been  or  soon  will  be  elaborately 
presented. 

As  a  subject  of  great  interest  the  methods  employed  by  the  Porto 
Ricans  in  the  cultivation  of  their  principal  staples — coffee,  sugar,  and 
tobacco — are  given,  together  with  such  views  of  the  island  as  will 
explain  its  varied  and  beautiful  characteristics. 
Very  respectfully, 

J.  P.  SANGER,  In-s.  Genl.. 
Director  Census  of  Porto  Rico. 

Hon.  ELIHU  ROOT, 

Secretary  of  War,   Washington,  D.  C. 


CENSUS  OF  PORTO  RICO. 


GEOGRAPHY. 

Porto  Rico,  the  easternmost  and  smallest  of  the  Greater  Antilles,  is 
within  the  Tropics,  between  latitudes  17°  50'  and  18°  30'  north,  and 
longitudes  65°  30'  and  67°  15'  west.  It  lies  east  of  Haiti,  being  separated 
from  it  by  Mona  Passage.  It  is  in  shape  rudely  rectangular,  its  longest 
axis  lying  east  and  west.  Its  length  is  a  trifle  over  100  miles  and  its 
breadth  about  36  miles.  Its  area  is  approximately  3,600  square  miles, 
three-fourths  the  size  of  Connecticut  and  about  the  size  of  the  province 
of  Matanzas,  Cuba. 

OROGRAPHY. 

The  structure  of  the  island  is  simple.  Passing  across  it  from  east 
to  west,  a  little  south  of  the  middle  of  its  breadth,  is  a  broken,  irregu- 
lar range  of  hills  or  low  mountains,  which  toward  the  eastern  end 
trends  northeastward,  and  terminates  near  the  northeastern  corner  of 
the  island,  where  it  culminates  in  the  peak  of  El  Yunque,  3,609  feet 
in  altitude.  Elsewhere  it  ranges  in  altitude  from  2,000  to  3,000 
feet,  with  occasional  summits  slightly  above  3,000  feet  and  gaps 
slightly  below  2,000  feet.  This  range  is  known  in  different  parts  of 
the  island  by  various  names,  Cordillera  Central,  Sierra  de  Cayey,  and 
in  the  northeast  Sierra  de  Luquilla.  From  its  crest  the  land  slopes 
northward  and  southward  in  broad  undulations,  deeply  cut  by  streams, 
giving  most  of  the  interior  of  the  island  a  steep,  hilly  surface,  gradu- 
ally becoming  more  nearly  level  until  near  the  coast  it  spreads  into 
broad,  level  play  as.  This  range  forms  the  water  divide  of  the  island, 
and  from  it  streams  flow  northward  and  southward,  those  flowing 
north  having  much  the  longer  courses  and  gentler  slopes.  None  of 
these  streams  are  navigable,  excepting  for  a  very  few  miles  near  their 
mouths,  where  they  are  in  effect  estuaries.  The  largest  are  the 
Rios  Loiza,  Bayamon,  Morovis,  Arecibo,  and  Blanco,  all  on  the  north 
of  the  dividing  ridge.  On  the  south  the  dividing  ridge  descends 
steeply,  with  short  spurs  and  a  narrow  coastal  plain.  Here  the 
streams  are  short,  with  very  steep  descents. 

The  coast  is  low  and  for  the  most  part  simple,  with  few  good  har- 
bors, the  best  being  that  of  San  Juan,  on  the  north  coast.  Ponce 

11 


12  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

and  Guanica  are  the  only  harbors  on  the  south  coast  into  which  ve.s>f!- 
of  ordinary  draft  can  enter,  but  the  island  of  Vieques  has  several  com- 
modious ports  where  the  largest  ships  can  ride  at  anchor.  The  coast 
of  Porto  Kico,  unlike  that  of  Cuba,  is  not  bordered  by  fringing  reefs 
or  islets. 

Means  of  internal  transportation  are  scanty.  There  are  altogether 
about  159  miles  of  railway  in  the  island,  but  they  are  in  disconnected 
pieces  and  closely  parallel  the  coast,  none  extending  into  the  interior. 
Of  wagon  roads  there  are  all  sorts.  The  Spanish  Government  has  con- 
structed about  285  miles  of  military  road  which  is  well  built  and  kept 
in  good  repair.  Of  this  sort  is  the  road  from  San  Juan  to  Ponce, 
with  a  branch  from  Cayey  to  Guayama.  Most  of  the  other  roads  of 
Porto  Rico  are  almost  impassable  except  for  pack  trains. 

Porto  Kico  is  divided  into  seven  departments,  which  correspond 
with  the  provinces  of  Cuba,  and  into  69  municipal  districts.  These 
in  turn  are  divided  into  ~barrio8,  or  wards,  the  plan  of  subdivision  for 
governmental  purposes  being  thus  quite  similar  to  that  of  Cuba. 

Besides  the  island  of  Porto  Rico,  the  Government  has  jurisdiction 
over  the  islands  of  Vieques  and  Culebra,  lying  to  the  eastward,  and 
Isla  Mona  to  the  west,  in  the  Mona  Passage,  together  with  a  few  other 
islets  in  their  neighborhood. 

Most  of  the  area  of  Porto  Rico  is  held  as  farms,  and  a  large  portion, 
more  than  one-fifth,  is  under  cultivation.  The  forested  areas  are 
small  and  are  almost  entirely  confined  to  the  higher  parts  of  the 
mountains.  The  largest  of  these  tracts  is  on  El  Yunque,  in  the  Sierra 
Luquilla.  Here  are  found  small  tracts  of  primeval  forest,  composed 
of  large  trees  of  a  variety  of  species,  several  of  which  are  of  great 
value,  such  as  Spanish  cedar,  ebony,  and  sandalwood,  besides  many 
others  as  yet  unknown  to  American  markets.  Timber  is,  however, 
veiy  scarce,  and  most  of  that  used  in  building  is  imported. 

CLIMATE. 

Lying  in  the  Tropics,  the  island  is  within  the  region  of  the  southwest 
trades,  which  blow  with  great  regularity.  The  annual  temperature  at 
San  Juan,  on  the  north  coast,  ranges  in  different  3Tears  from  78°  to  82° 
F.  The  mean  monthly  temperature  ranges  from  75°  in  Januaiy  to  82° 
in  August.  The  maximum  temperature  on  record  is  99°,  and  the  mini- 
mum 57°,  indicating  a  very  slight  range  and  a  uniform  climate.  The 
only  difference  of  temperature  to  be  observed  throughout  the  island  is 
due  to  altitude,  the  highlands  of  the  interior  having  a  mean  annual 
temperature  as  low  as  72°  F.  Serious  storms  occur,  and  occasional 
earthquakes,  but  the  latter  are  not  violent,  doing  but  little  damage. 
The  annual  rainfall  at  San  Juan  averages  60  inches,  about  the  same  as 
at  New  Orleans,  and  nearly  two-thirds  of  this  falls  in  the  summer  and 


GEOGEAPHY.  13 

autumn.     The  annual  relative  humidity  at  the  capital  is  very  high, 
averaging  not  far  from  80  per  cent. 

The  annual  rainfall  increases  eastward  from  San  Juan,  until  near 
the  northeast  corner  of  the  island  it  exceeds  100  inches.  It  increases 
also  upon  the  highlands  of  the  interior,  reaching  a  maximum  upon  the 
dividing  ridge  of  nearly  100  inches.  The  south  slope  of  the  island,  on 
the  other  hand,  is  much  drier,  both  rainfall  and  atmospheric  moisture 
being  less,  so  much  so  that  in  some  regions  irrigation  is  necessary  for 
cultivation  of  crops. 

MINERALS,   FLORA   AND   FAUNA. 

While  many  valuable  minerals  have  been  found  in  Porto  Rico,  and 
while  good  placers  were  long  ago  worked  by  Spaniards,  no  mining  of 
any  sort  is  at  present  carried  on.  Yet  it  is  not  at  all  improbable  that 
a  geological  examination  may  develop  valuable  mineral  resources  not 
at  present  suspected. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  Porto  Rico  has  for  centuries  maintained  a 
dense  population  almost  entirely  supported  by  agriculture,  a  large 
portion  of  its  surface  is  under  cultivation,  and  only  a  trifling  propor- 
tion remains  in  its  natural  condition.  Hence  little  of  its  vegetation  is 
indigenous. 

The  native  fauna  of  the  island  is,  owing  to  the  same  cause,  very, 
limited.     There  are  no  large  mammals  except  such  as  are  domesticated. 
It  is  said  that  there  are  no  noxious  reptiles  and  few  insect  pests. 

The  fisheries  on  the  coast  and  in  the  rivers  are  very  valuable,  the 
fish  being  abundant  everywhere  and  of  valuable  species. 

HISTORY. 

The  history  of  Porto  Rico  presents  but  few  points  of  interest  as 
compared  with  Cuba  or  the  other  colonies  of  Spain  in  this  hemisphere. 

The  island  was  discovered  by  Columbus  November  16,  1493,  during 
his  second  voyage.  He  approached  it  from  Santo  Domingo  and  first 
sighted  Cape  Mala  Pascua.  From  there  he  sailed  along  the  south  and 
east  coast  to  Aguada,  where  he  landed  November  19.  He  took  pos- 
session of  the  island  in  the  name  of  the  reigning  sovereigns  of  Spain 
and  named  it  San  Juan  Bautista,  in  honor  of  St.  John  the  Baptist. 
Its  Indian  name  was  Borinquen.  Columbus  remained  for  several  days 
and  then  returned  to  Santo  Domingo.  It  does  not  appear  that  he  ever 
visited  the  island  again. 

During  the  next  fourteen  years  numerous  trading  vessels  stopped 
at  the  island,  usually  for  water,  but  it  remained  unexplored  and  unin- 
habited by  white  men  until  1508,  when  Nicolas  de  Ovando,  Governor 
of  Santo  Domingo,  having  learned  that  the  mountains  and  streams 
abounded  in  gold,  sent  Juan  Ponce  de  Leon  to  explore  the  island. 
He  embarked  with  a  small  party  of  Spaniards  and  a  few  Indian  guides 


14  REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

and  landed  near  Aguadilla.  the  home  of  the  principal  cacique,  Aquey- 
bana,  by  whom  he  was  kindly  received  and  conducted  to  different 
parts  of  the  island.  In  the  course  of  the  journey  Ponce  de  Leon  veri- 
fied the  reports  of  the  Indians  in  regard  to  the  presence  of  gold,  and 
returned  to  Santo  Domingo,  leaving  a  few  of  his  companions  as  guests 
of  Aqueybana. 

Ovando  now  determined  to  subjugate  and  colonize  the  island,  and 
Ponce  de  Leon  was  selected  to  conduct  the  enterprise.  Before  organ- 
izing the  expedition,  however,  Ponce  de  Leon  resolved  on  another 
friendly  visit  for  the  purpose  of  a  more  thorough  reconnoissance,  and 
accordingly  returned  to  Porto  Rico.  He  found  that  his  companions  had 
been  kindly  treated  and  that  the  Indians  were  friendly,  and  believing 
he  could  get  possession  of  the  island  peaceably  he  returned  to  Santo 
Domingo  to  solicit  the  appointment  of  Governor.  He  found,  however, 
that  during  his  absence  Ovando  had  been  superseded  by  Don  Diego 
Columbus  and  that  Cristoval  de  Sotomayor,  a  Spanish  cavalier,  had 
been  appointed  Governor  of  Porto  Rico  by  the  Crown.  But  Don 
Diego  Columbus  would  not  confirm  his  appointment  or  appoint  Ponce 
de  Leon,  and  sent  Juan  Ceron  as  Governor  and  Miguel  Diaz  as  his 
-second.  Prompted  by  a  love  of  adventure  and  the  hope  of  bettering 
their  fortunes  Ponce  de  Leon  and  Sotomayor  joined  the  expedition. 

In  the  meantime  Ovando  returned  to  Spain,  where  he  gave  such  a 
favorable  account  of  the  character  and  services  of  Juan  Ponce  de  Leon 
in  Porto  Rico  that  the  King  appointed  him  Governor  of  the  island  and 
intimated  plainly  to  Don  Diego  Columbus  that  he  must  not  presume 
to  displace  him. 

Ponce  de  Leon  took  charge  in  1509,  and  founded  the  town  of  Caparra, 
about  3  miles  inland  from  the  bay  of  San  Juan.  It  was  afterwards 
named  Puerto  Rico  and  transferred  to  the  present  site  of  San  Juan. 
Subsequently  the  island  and  the  city  exchanged  names,  although  by 
what  process  does  not  appear.  The  site  of  Caparra,  the  first  town 
founded,  is  now  known  as  Pueblo  Vie  jo. 

Having  fixed  the  seat  of  government  at  Caparra,  Juan  Ponce  de 
Leon  began  the  pacification  and  colonization  of  the  island  in  the  usual 
manner.  A  conspirac3T  among  the  native  caciques,  led  by  Aqueybana, 
the  brother  and  successor  of  him  who  had  first  welcomed  the  Spaniards 
to  the  island,  was  exposed  and  suppressed,  but  not  without  desperate 
efforts  on  the  part  of  the  Spaniards,  the  death  of  Sotomayor,  and  the 
destruction  of  such  Spanish  settlements  as  then  existed.  It  does  not 
appear  that  the  colonists  had  any  serious  trouble  with  the  natives 
thereafter. 

Lying  between  and  practically  controlling  the  Virgin  and  Mona 
passages  from  the  Atlantic  into  the  Caribbean  Sea,  Porto  Rico  occupies 
a  strategic  position  of  much  importance,  which,  no  doubt,  was  recog- 
nized at  an  early  day.  Certain  it  is  that  several  attempts  were  made  to 


HISTORY.  1 5 

wrest  the  island  from  Spain.  Thus,  in  1597,  Admiral  George  Clifford, 
Earl  of  Cumberland,  blockaded  and  captured  San  Juan,  skid  took  pos- 
session of  the  island.  But  being  forced  by  an  epidemic  of  yellow  fever 
to  withdraw  he  destroyed  the  city,  killed  a  number  of  its  inhabitants, 
and  carried  off  as  trophies  72  pieces  of  artillery.  Two  years  before, 
the  English  freebooter,  Drake,  had  sacked  and  burned  San  Juan  and 
destroyed  all  the  vessels  found  in  the  harbor.  These  disasters  led  to 
the  completion  of  the  Morro  of  San  Juan,  commenced  some  time  before, 
and  an  increase  in  the  garrison  of  the  island.  In  September,  1625,  San 
Juan  was  attacked  by  a  Dutch  fleet  of  17  vessels  and  a  detachment  of 
2,500  men.  They  landed  and  besieged  the  city  for  28  days,  but  were 
finally  forced  to  withdraw  with  considerable  loss.  In  1626  the  French 
attempted  a  landing,  but  were  repulsed.  Between  this  and  1797  sev- 
eral minor  and  unsuccessful  attacks  were  made.  In  April  of  that 
year,  a  British  squadron  and  a  detachment  of  6,500  soldiers,  under 
Lord  Ralph  Abercrombie,  attacked  San  Juan,  but  withdrew  after  an 
investment  of  two  weeks.  From  this  time  to  the  date  of  the  American 
occupation  of  the  island  (1898)  Porto  Rico  was  exempt  from  outside 
attack.  On  May  12  the  American  fleet,  under  Rear- Admiral  W.  T. 
Sampson,  in  search  of  the  Spanish  fleet  under  Admiral  Cervera,  bom- 
barded the  fortifications  guarding  the  harbor  of  San  Juan.  After 
three  hours  firing  the  fleet  withdrew,  having  ascertained  in  this  way 
that  the  Spanish  fleet  was  not  there. 

On  July  21  Major-General  N.  A.  Miles,  with  a  force  of  United 
States  troops,  landed  in  the  bay  of  Guanica  without  serious  opposition, 
and,  on  the  27th,  occupied  Ponce,  which  was  surrendered  on  demand. 
Organized  in  three  columns,  numbering  about  12,000  men,  the  Ameri- 
can forces  pushed  forward  in  the  direction  of  Arecibo,  Mayaguez,  and 
Aibonito,  meeting  with  slight  resistance.  At  Aibonito,  while  about  to 
attack  that  stronghold,  word  was  received  that  the  peace  protocol  had 
been  signed,  and  hostilities  were  suspended. 

Porto  Rico  has  also  been  free  from  serious  civil  disturbances,  although 
early  in  this  century  the  native  Porto  Ricans  manifested  some  signs  of 
opposition  to  the  insular  authority,  and  a  small  republican  faction 
proclaimed  independence.  But  the  prompt  measures  of  Governor  de 
la  Torre,  the  presence  of  the  troops,  and  the  small  area  of  the  island 
prevented  an  outbreak.  Some  of  the  revolutionary  leaders  were 
executed.  In  1868  there  were  manifestations  in  Ponce,  Bayamon,  and 
Arecibo,  but,  in  consequence  of  the  adoption  of  the  Spanish  liberal 
constitution  of  1869,  the  island  ceased  to  be  a  colony  and  was  declared 
a  province  of  Spain,  although  it  had  been  nominally  so  since  1809. 

Notwithstanding  the  generally  peaceful  condition  of  the  island,  its 
material  progress  was  slow.  During  the  sixteenth  century  but  3  set- 
tlements were  made,  to  wit:  San  Juan,  in  1521;  San  German,  15-13,  and 


16  REPOET    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF   POETO    EICO,   1899. 

Aguada,  1590;  in  the  seventeenth,  but  3  more  were  added,  viz:  Arecibo 
and  Coamo,  1616,  and  Ponce,  1620;  in  the  eighteenth  century  28,  and 
in  the  nineteenth,  35.  In  fact,  for  many  years  after  its  colonization 
Porto  Rico  was  simply  a  military  station,  and  practically,  although  not 
so  designated  officially,  a  penal  colony,  to  which  civil,  political,  and  mili- 
tary prisoners  were  sent  from  Spain  and  from  her  colonial  possessions 
in  America.  The  population  increased  slowly,  so  that  by  the  middle  of 
the  seventeenth  century  it  numbered  but  880  souls.  During  the  next 
hundred  years  it  had  increased  to  44,883,  and  by  1812,  to  183,014. 

The  system  of  taxes  and  duties  applied  to  Porto  Rico  was  very  much 
the  same  as  in  Cuba  and  other  Spanish  possessions.  Up  to  1784  the 
public  treasury  was  under  the  management  of  a  treasurer  and  an 
accountant  appointed  by  the  Crown,  who  were  responsible  jointly  with 
the  Governor  of  the  island  for  all  revenues.  In  that  year,  by  a  royal 
decree  of  May  24,  the  intendancy  of  Porto  Rico  was  established.1 

The  principal  insular  sources  of  revenue  at  the  end  of  the  last  cen- 
tury were  export  and  import  duties  (almojarifazgo) ;  the  tithes  (diezmos) ; 
the  alcabala,  or  tax  on  all  sales  of  merchandise  products,  etc. ;  the  tax 
on  aguardiente  and  aloja,  the  latter  a  beverage  of  water,  honey,  and 
spices;  the  tax  on  stamped  paper;  on  the  introduction  and  branding  of 
negroes;  the  estanco,  a  tax  on  the  sale  of  negroes;  the  rnedias  annatas, 
or  tax  on  the  salaries  of  certain  civil  and  clerical  officers;  court  fines, 
licenses,  and  the  mandapiaforzosa,  a  tax  on  mills.  The  salt  works  of 
Cabo  Rojo,  Guanica,  and  Coamo  were  also  sources  of  revenue,  and  all 
unidentified  property,  such  as  cattle,  etc.,  belonged  to  the  King  by 
authority  of  law.  The  export  and  import  duties  discriminated  largely 
against  all  foreign  merchandise.  The  tithes  were  established  in  1501 
by  a  bull  of  Pope  Alexander  VI  and  continued  until  abolished  by  royal 
decree  in  1815.  They  were  imposed  again  in  1830  and  finally  abolished 
in  1848.  During  this  interim  from  1815  to  1830  when  the  tithes  were 
not  collected  and  the  tax  on  sales  (alcabala)  and  existing  restrictions 
on  immigration  were  removed,  a  tax  of  2£  per  cent  on  the  agricultural 
products  of  the  island  was  substituted  for  the  tithes.  They  were  paid 
in  kind  from  the  crops  after  they  had  been  gathered,  and  in  1789 
amounted  to  69,720  pesos,  a  third  of  which  went  to  the  support  of  the 
clergy. 

But  all  these  sources  of  revenue  were  insufficient  to  cover  the  expendi- 
tures, and  but  for  the  aid  (xituados)  from  the  treasuries  of  Mexico 
and  Guatemala,  the  condition  of  the  Government  would  have  been 
critical.  From  the  year  1790  to  1809  the  total  amount  received  from 
situation  was  4,409,991  pexox,  which  was  applied  chiefly  to  the  defenses 
of  the  island  and  the  maintenance  of  the  garrisons.  The  need  for 
this  help  was  fully  demonstrated  when  the  payments  ceased  in  1809. 
The  insular  treasury  being  without  sufficient  reserve  funds  or  other 

1Sefior  Coll  y  Toate,  Civil  Secretary  of  Porto  Rico.. 


HISTOKY. 


17 


resources,  and  the  people  very  poor,  a  period  of  financial  distress  fol- 
lowed, and  in  1812  the  usual  expedient  of  governments  without  sufficient 
gold  or  silver  money  was  resorted  to,  the  issue  of  paper  money.  But 
this  depreciated  so  rapidly  that  a  silver  peso  was  soon  worth  10 pesos 
in  paper,  so  that  in  1815  the  retirement  of  the  paper  peso  was  ordered. 
About  this  time  the  island  was  greatly  benefited  by  the  revolutions  in 
Santo  Domingo  and  the  Spanish-American  colonies,  from  which  many 
Spaniards  emigrated  to  Porto  Rico,  bringing  with  them  capital,  indus- 
try, and  a  knowledge  of  the  cultivation  of  sugar  and  coffee. 

At  the  date  of  the  American  occupation  the  system  of  taxes,  duties, 
etc.,  was  practically  the  same  as  in  Cuba;  but,  in  strong  contrast  to  the 
disposition  made  of  the  Cuban  revenues,  those  of  Porto  Rico  were 
expended  in  the  island,  and,  with  but  few  exceptions,  no  funds  were 
sent  to  Spain  except  by  way  of  loans  to  the  Spanish  Government. 
Again,  the  financial  management  was  such  that  no  insular  debt  existed, 
nor  were  the  municipalities  allowed  to  incur  debts  or  to  make  loans 
except  to  meet  their  obligations  to  the  insular  treasury.1 

From  1850  to  1890  the  revenues  and  expenditures,  every  tenth  year, 
were  as  follows: 


Year. 

Revenues. 

Expenditures. 

1850... 

$1,709,170.08 

81,  665,  588.  86 

1860 

.   2  316  095  92 

2  684  746  44 

1870-71  . 

2  630,000  00 

1  943  081  20 

1880-81 

3  786  650  00 

3  615  063  22 

1890-91  . 

3  683  100  00 

3  633  586  60 

In  the  your  1897-98  the  budget  covered  an  estimated  income  of 
5,157,200  pesos'2  and  an  expenditure  aggregating  4, 754,04:2. 19  pesos. 
In  the  3- ear  1898-99  the  estimated  income  was  5, 107,092. 89  ^<ss0s,  and 
the  expenditures  4, 781, 920. 20  pesos. 

But,  notwithstanding  the  favorable  financial  condition  of  the  munici- 
palities and  the  .surplus  in  the  insular  treasury,  property  owners 
throughout  the  island  were  greatly  embarrassed,  as  appears  from  the 
following  statistics  taken  from  the  report  of  Brig.  Gen.  George  W. 
Davis,  Military  Governor  of  Porto  Rico,  September  5,  1899.  In  1897 
the  wealth  of  the  island  was  estimated  at  $150,000,000,  the  total 
declared  value  of  the  city  and  country  property  being  $28,867,928.79, 
while  the  mortgage  indebtedness  of  the  latter  was  $18,610,086.17,  or 
64  per  cent.  Other  indebtedness,  General  Davis  reports,  would  no 
doubt  raise  this  amount  to  $50,000,000,  or  one-third  of  the  total  wealth 
of  the  island.  The  rate  of  interest  charged  on  mortgages  was,  on  a 
large  part  of  the  loans,  from  1  to  over  24  per  cent  per  annum,  while 
on  $6,000,000  the  rate  was  not  specified,  but  probably  exceeded  the 
above  rate. 

1  The  total  municipal  indebtedness  of  Porto  Rico  does  not  exceed  $1,000,000, 

2  The  peso  was  worth  60  cents  United  States  money. 

8490—00 2 


18  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

The  state  of  the  laboring  classes  was  usually  that  of  extreme  desti- 
tution, which,  with  the  advent  of  the  hurricane  of  Aug.  8,  1898, 
resulted  in  famine  and  distressing  want,  upward  of  250,000  indigents 
being  fed  by  the  Government. 

The  present  economic  condition  of  Porto  Rico  has  been  so  fully  and 
intelligently  presented  by  General  Davis  in  hi.s  several  reports  pub- 
lished during  the  past  year  that  no  further  comments  on  this  subject 
are  necessary. 

Although  the  government  for  three  hundred  and  fifty  years  was 
entirely  in  the  hands  of  Spaniards  to  the  exclusion  of  native  Porto 
Ricans,  and  there  was  practically  the  same  system  of  laws  and  taxation 
as  in  Cuba,  and  the  same,  or  even  greater,  neglect  of  public  education, 
yet  the  internal  condition  of  the  two  islands  differed  widely,  as  a  very 
brief  examination  will  show.  In  Cuba  great  discontent  was  mani- 
fest among  the  natives,  while  in  Porto  Rico,  except  on  one  or  two 
occasions,  perfect  tranquillity  prevailed.  This  was  probably  due,  in 
great  measure,  to  the  attitude  of  the  mother  country,  which  was  more 
mild  and  conciliatory  toward  Porto  Rico  than  toward  Cuba,  to  the 
comparatively  small  expenditures  in  behalf  of  the  insular  government, 
the  absence  of  an  insular  debt,  and  of  periodical  assessments  in  behalf 
of  the  Spanish  treasury,  and  the  greater  prevalence  of  free  labor  as 
compared  with  the  slave  labor  of  Cuba.1  Again,  the  character  of 
Porto  Rican  emigration  from  Spain  was  quite  different,  being  chiefly 
Catalans  and  Biscayans,  from  the  Basque  country,  who  went  to  remain, 
and  who  were  devoted  to  the  monarchy  and  the  church,  with  a  corre- 
sponding indifference  toward  liberal  political  principles,  while  Span- 
ish emigrants  to  Cuba  were  largely  Castilians,  Andalusians,  and 
Asturians,  who  had  no  intention  of  remaining  in  the  island,  and  had, 
therefore,  but  little  interest  in  its  material  progress  and  government. 
The  latter  statement,  made  in  1876  by  the  honorable  Caleb  Cushing, 
American  minister  to  Spain,  is  largely  borne  out  by  the  agricultural 
statistics  of  the  censuses  of  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico  just  completed. 
While  in  Cuba  the  proportion  of  farm  owners  to  the  whole  number  of 
farms  is  but  28  per  cent,  in  Porto  Rico  it  is  93  per  cent.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  proportion  of  the  cultivated  area  owned  by  occupants 
is  but  -43.5  per  cent  in  Cuba,  while  in  Porto  Rico  it  is  91  per  cent.  In 
other  words,  a  large  proportion  of  the  cultivated  area  of  Cuba  is  in 
the  hands  of  comparatively  few  landlords,  some  of  whom  reside  out 
of  the  island,  while  in  Porto  Rico  large  numbers  of  the  rural  popula- 
tion own  their  homes  and  are  permanent  residents. 

Finally,  the  small  si/e  of  Porto  Rico  and  the  presence  of  the  Spanish 
garrisons  and  an  organized  militia  were  no  doubt  potent  and  peaceful 

1  According  to  the  census  of  1872,  the  proportion  of  slaves  to  the  total  population 
was  5.1  per  cent,  while  in  Culm  it  was  27.8  per  cent. 


GOVERNMENT.  19 

influences,  and  effectually  .suppressed  any  disposition  on  the  part  of 
the  natives  to  rebel  against  the  established  authorities,  if,  in  fact, 
such  feelings  prevailed.  That  some  discontent  existed  among  them  in 
1897-98,  as  the  result  either  of  their  sympathy  for  the  Cubans  or  of  a 
desire  for  home  rule,  there  is  but  little  doubt.  At  all  events,  the 
troops  of  the  American  Army  received  from  all  classes  of  natives  in 
all  parts  of  the  island  occupied  by  them  a  spontaneous  and  enthusiastic 
welcome  as  deliverers  and  friends. 

GOVERNMENT. 

Porto  Rico  was.  founded  and  governed  practically  on  the  same  plan 
as  other  Spanish  colonial  possessions,  a  full  account  of  which  will  be 
found  in  the  report  of  the  census  of  Cuba  just  published. 

For  many  years  the  island  was  of  so  little  importance  that  its  gov- 
ernment was  intrusted  to  officers  of  subordinate  rank  in  the  Spanish 
army;  in  fact,  it  was  little  more  than  a  military  post.  (See  Appendix 
V  for  list  of  Governors.) 

With  the  increase  in  population  and  the  development  of  its  resources, 
the  office  of  Governor  came  to  be  filled  by  a  general  officer  with  the 
title  of  Captain-General.  As  in  Cuba,  the  Governor  was  supreme  in 
military  affairs,  and  practically  so  in  civil  affairs,  being  president  of  the 
royal  audience,  or  supreme  court,  and  of  all  other  tribunals,  although 
for  the  decision  of  legal  questions  he  had  a  legal  adviser  appointed  by 
the  Crown,  whose  opinions  he  might  or  might  not  accept. 

In  1825.  in  consequence  of  the  revolutions  in  South  America,  the 
Captain-General  was  clothed  with  extraordinary  powers,  very  much 
as  in  Cuba,  but  it  is  said  they  were  never  used  to  oppress  the  people. 
Until  1813  the  intendancy  (receipts  and  disbursements  of  the  revenues) 
was  vested  in  the  Governor,  but  in  that  year  it  was  placed  under  the 
control  of  an  intendant  appointed  by  the  Crown.  He  was  assisted 
by  a  secretary  and  a  number  of  clerks,  but  could  not  order  the  dis- 
bursement of  funds  without  the  knowledge  and  consent  of  two  chief 
officers  appointed  by  the  King,  who  had  each  a  key  to  the  treasury 
chest,  and  who  could  reject  three  times  any  order  for  the  payment 
of  money  which  the}"  considered  irregular  or  unjust.  After  that  they 
were  obliged  to  comply  with  the  order,  but  could  tile  a  protest  for 
their  own  protection.  Of  course  this  regulation,  like  all  others,  was 
for  the  ordinary  transaction  of  business,  the  Captain-General  having 
supreme  control  over  the  funds  as  well  as  over  all  parts  of  the  machin- 
ery of  government  and  its  agents. 

For  the  immediate  supervision  over  police  and  municipal  affairs 
there  was  the  cabUdo,  consisting  of  two  boards,  each  composed  of  two 
alcaldes^  two  regidores,  and  one  ^'m  <!'«•<>.  Besides  the  cabUdo^  there  were 
the  ecclesiastical  tribunal,  the  naval  tribunal,  and  the 


20  REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

The  first  was  composed  of  the  bishop  of  San  Juan  and  the  treasurer  of 
the  church,  and  was  for  the  management  of  all  church  affairs.  Over 
this  tribunal,  as  well  as  over  the  bishop  and  other  prelates  and  the 
business  relations  and  proceedings  of  the  church,  the  Captain-General, 
as  vice-patron,  had  supervision  and  control.  He  had  authority  to 
compel  the  observance  of  all  church  regulations  or  orders,  to  appoint 
all  curates,  and  to  suspend  the  bishop  or  any  other  prelate  from  office, 
reporting  his  action  to  Madrid. 

The  naval  tribunal  had  supervision  and  control  over  everything  con- 
nected with  the  navy,  including  the  trial  of  offenses  committed  by 
persons  in  the  navy.  It  was  presided  over  by  the  naval  commandant, 
assisted  by  a  legal  adviser.  From  the  judgment  of  the  naval  tribunal 
appeal  could  be  made  to  the  Spanish  admiral  commanding  in  Cuba. 
While  the  administration  of  this  tribunal  was  in  a  measure  independ- 
ent of  the  Captain-General,  he  was  in  supreme  command  of  all  the 
naval  forces. 

The  consulado  was  a  tribunal  for  the  settlement  of  all  mercantile 
disputes  arising  under  the  commercial  and  mercantile  laws  applicable 
to  Porto  Rico.  It  consisted  of  a  consul  and  two  persons  selected  by 
the  litigants  or  parties  in  interest.  Before  the  tribunal  the  disputants 
appeared  with  their  legal  advisers.  Cases  were  either  arranged  to 
the  mutual  satisfaction  of  the  contestants  or  decided  in  favor  of  one 
or  the  other. 

Other  features  of  the  insular  government  were  a  civil  secretary,  a 
bureau  or  board  of  public  works,  and  a  chief  of  staff  for  the  admin- 
istration of  military  affairs. 

From  this  brief  description  it  will  be  seen  that  the  entire  government 
of  Porto  Rico — executive,  legislative,  and  judicial — was  for  many  years 
vested  in  the  Captain-General,  and  that  such  boards  or  tribunals  as 
existed  were  merely  for  the  transaction  of  routine  business. 

In  short,  up  to  1870  Porto  Rico  was  governed  by  the  Captain-General 
as  a  Spanish  colony  under  the  laws  of  the  Indies  and  such  special  decrees 
and  orders  as  were  proclaimed  from  time  to  time  by  the  King. 

By  a  law  of  August  28,  of  that  year,  Porto  Rico  was  made  a  province 
of  Spain  and  given  a  provincial  deputation  consisting  of  deputies 
elected  by  universal  suffrage.  At  the  same  time  the  island  was 
divided  into  the  seven  departments  of  Aguadilla,  Arecibo,  Bayamon, 
Guayama,  Humacao,  Mayaguez,  and  Ponce,  having  as  capitals  the  cities 
of  corresponding  name.  In  1874,  through  the  fall  of  the  Republican 
Government  of  Spain,  the  constitution  of  1869  was  suppressed,  and, 
as  a  result,  the  provincial  deputation  was  abolished,  and  Porto  Rico 
returned  to  the  government  existing  prior  to  the  law  of  1870.  In 
February,  1877,  the  new  Spanish  constitution  of  1876,  together  with 
the  provincial  and  electoral  laws  of  December,  1876,  were  extended 
to  Porto  Rico,  and  the  provincial  deputation  was  reestablished,  the 
members  of  which  were  elected  by  all  male  residents  25  years  of  age 


GOVERNMENT.  21 

or  more  who  had  received  a  professional  diploma,  or  paid  taxes  to  the 
amount  of  25  pesos. 

In  1897  Porto  Rico,  in  common  with  Cuba,  was  given  an  autono- 
mous government.  It  was  inaugurated  February  11,  1898,  and  con- 
tinued in  operation  until  the  time  of  American  occupation,  October 
18,  1898. 

The  government  consisted  of  a  Governor-General  and  cabinet  and  a 
representative  assembly  of  very  limited  legislative  powers,  elected  by 
universal  suffrage. 

On  October  18  Maj.  Gen.  John  R.  Brooke,  United  States  Army, 
was  appointed  Military  Governor  of  Porto  Rico.  On  November  29  he 
abolished  the  provincial  deputation  and  made  other  changes  in  the 
insular  administration.  He  was  followed  by  Maj.  Gen.  Guy  V. 
Henry.  United  States  Army,  December  6,  1898,  who,  by  executive 
order  of  February  6,  1899,  dissolved  the  insular  cabinet  or  council  of 
secretaries,  and  constituted  the  departments  of  state,  justice,  finance, 
and  interior,  each  presided  over  by  a  chief  or  minister,  with  a  salary 
of  $6,000  per  annum. 

On  May  9  General  Henry  was  succeeded  by  Gen.  George  W.  Davis 
as  Military  Governor.  By  executive  orders  of  August  12  General 
Davis  abolished  the  departments  of  state,  treasury,  and  interior, 
and  their  respective  chiefs  or  secretaries,  and  at  the  same  time  created 
a  bureau  of  state  and  municipal  affairs,  a  bureau  of  internal  revenue, 
a  bureau  of  agriculture,  a  bureau  of  education,  a  board  of  public 
works,  a  judicial  board,  a  board  of  charities,  a  board  of  health,  a 
board  of  prison  control,  a  board  of  insular  policy,  and  the  office  of  civil 
secretary  to  the  Military  Governor.  The  last  official  received  a  salary 
of  $4-.  OOo.  while  the  chiefs  of  the  bureaus  of  state,  internal  revenue, 
and  agriculture  received  a  salary  of  $2,000  per  annum.  Through 
these  bureaus  and  boards  General  Davis  administered  the  affairs  of  the 
island  wisely,  thoroughly,  and  economically. 

On  May  31.  1899,  provision  was  made  for  issuing  the  writ  of  habeas 
corpus  by  any  judge  of  instruction,  and  on  June  27  trial  by  jury  was 
authorized. 

By  the  act  of  April  12,  1900,  which  took  effect  May  1,  Congress 
made  provision  for  a  civil  government  to  consist  of  a  Governor  and  an 
executive  council  to  be  appointed  by  the  President  for  four  years, 
and  a  house  of  delegates  of  35  members  to  be  elected  biennially  by 
the  qualified  voters. 

The  executive  council  is  composed  of  the  insular  cabinet  and  5  other 
persons  of  good  repute.  The  cabinet  includes  a  secretary  for  civil 
affairs,  an  attorney-general,  a  treasurer,  an  auditor,  a  commissioner  of 
the  interior,  and  a  commissioner  of  education,  all  appointed  for  the 
term  of  four  years.  The  executive  council  and  house  of  delegates  com- 
prise the  legislative  assembly  of  Porto  Rico. 

On  May  1  this  government  was  established  by  the  inauguration  of 
Governor  Charles  H.  Allen,  of  Massachusetts,  and  is  now  in  operation. 


22  KEPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS '  OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 

MUNICIPAL,  DISTRICT,  AND   DEPARTMENTAL   GOVERNMENT. 

Municipal  government  existed  in  Porto  Rico  from  the  beginning  of 
its  history,  and  by  the  commencement  of  this  century  there  were  28 
municipalities.  Owing  to  the  political  agitation  resulting  from  the 
revolutions  of  the  Spanish-American  colonies  all  the  municipalities 
except  those  of  San  Juan,  Aguadilla,  San  German,  Mayaguez,  Ponce, 
Guayama,  and  Humacao  were  abolished  in  1823,  and  seven  military 
divisions  or  districts  were  established  for  civil  and  military  purposes. 

At  the  head  of  each  of  the  seven  geographical  divisions  of  the  island 
was  an  officer  of  the  army  as  the  representative  of  the  Captain-Gen- 
eral. He  had  his  headquarters  in  the  capital  city  and  had  limited 
civil  jurisdiction.  Similarly,  all  towns  and  villages  of  any  importance 
had  an  alcalde  or  mayor,  appointed  by  the  Captain-General,  who  per- 
formed the  duties  of  magistrate,  and  a  committee  of  12  property  owners 
appointed  by  the  Captain-General,  who  had  charge  of  the  public  high- 
ways and  the  general  affairs  of  the  community.  They  met  by  order 
of  the  Captain-General,  and  at  no  other  time,  for  the  consideration  of 
such  matters  as  might  be  referred  to  them. 

By  a  royal  decree  of  December  13, 1872,  the  municipal  laws  of  Spain 
were  extended  to  Porto  Rico,  the  number  of  municipal  districts  was 
largely  increased,  and  the  districts  were  changed  to  the  seven  depart- 
ments now  existing.  The  members  of  municipal  councils  were  elected 
by  all  males  25  years  of  age  paying  5  pesos  in  taxes,  or  holding  a 
professional  diploma.1 

By  executive  order  of  September  21, 1899,  General  Davis  established 
the  qualifications  of  an  elector  as  follows: 

He  must  be  a  bona  fide  male  resident  of  the  municipality.  '21  years 
of  age  and  a  taxpayer  of  record,  or  able  to  read  and  write.  He  must 
also  have  resided  in  the  island  for  two  years  next  preceding  the  date  of 
his  registration,  and  for  the  last  six  months  of  said  two  years  within 
the  municipalitj-  where  the  election  is  held.  Mayors,  councilmen, 
municipal  judges  and  their  -ubstitutes,  and  school  trustees  are  elected 
annually. 

THE   JUDICIARY. 

Prior  to  the  year  1832  the  laws  and  mode  of  procedure  were  the  same 
as  in  Cuba  and  other  Spanish  colonies.  The  courts  were  limited,  how- 
ever, to  the  judges  of  first  instance  and  the  municipal  judges.  There 
were  no  audwndas  in  the  island,  as  it  was  under  the  civil  and  criminal 
jurisdiction  of  the  an<l!>  H<-!<I  of  Santo  Domingo,  which,  in  17^5,  was 
removed  to  the  province  of  Puerto  Principe,  Cuba.  By  a  royal  decree 
of  June  19,  1831,  a  territorial  audiencia  was  established  in  San  Juan, 
Porto  Rico,  and  appeals  were  then  made  direct  to  the  supreme  court 
of  Madrid. 


lFor  a  description  of  municipal  government,  see  Report  of  the  Census  of  Cuba,  1899. 


ABORIGINES.  23 

At  the  date  of  American  occupation  each  municipal  district  had  a 
municipal  judge,  and  there  were  twelve  judicial  districts  each  having 
a  judge  of  first  instance  and  instruction,  with  original  jurisdiction 
in  civil  actions  involving  more  than  200  pesos,  as  well  as  appellate 
jurisdiction  over  civil  cases  begun  in  the  municipal  courts.  In  crimi- 
nal cases  they  prepared  evidence  and  made  recommendations  to  the 
(nnliencias. 

There  were  three  audiencias,  one  territorial  of  six  judges,  having  its 
seat  in  San  Juan,  with  both  civil  and  criminal  jurisdiction,  and  two 
criminal  audiencias  of  three  judges  each,  located  at  Ponce  and  Maya- 
guez,  respectively.  The  j udges  were  appointed  by  the  Captain-General. 

A  full  description  of  the  judicial  system  of  Spanish  colonies  will  be 
found  in  the  Report  on  the  Census  of  Cuba,  and  it  is  not  considered  nec- 
essary to  repeat  it  here.  It  does  not  appear  that  the  administration  of 
the  system  in  Porto  Rico  was  free  from  the  intricacies,  delays,  and 
defects  of  the  system  in  Cuba,  or  that  the  court  officials  were  different 
in  character.  In  criminal  cases  the  prisoner  was  supposed  to  be  guilty 
until  his  innocence  was  established,  and  the  burden  of  proof  was 
thrown  on  him. 

Since  the  American  occupation  many  salutary  and  important 
changes  have  been  made  in  the  Spanish  system,  as  established  in  Porto 
Rico,  including  the  discontinuance  of  the  theory  of  the  guilt  of  an 
accused  person,  ex  parte  investigations,  and  the  incomunicado.  For 
these,  speedy  and  impartial  trials,  by  jury,  or  otherwise,  have  been  sub- 
stituted, while  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  protects  those  who  may  have 
been  unjustly  confined.  In  August,  1899,  on  the  recommendation  of 
the  judicial  board,  Military  Governor  Davis  reorganized  the  courts, 
reduced  the  number  of  judicial  districts  from  12  to  5,  and  gradually 
introduced  many  American  rules  of  procedure,  and  the  system  observed 
generally  in  the  courts  of  the  United  States. 

As  in  Cuba,  the  jails  and  prisons  were  found  filled  with  prisoners 
who  had  been  in  confinement  for  years  either  without  trial  or  awaiting 
sentence,  and  their  condition  was  one  of  great  moral  and  physical 
degradation.  This  has  all  been  corrected,  and  the  penal  institutions 
of  Porto  Rico  will  compare  favorably  in  point  of  sanitation  and  good 
administration  with  such  institutions  in  any  other  tropical  country. 
Not  until  suitable  buildings  are  erected  can  the  discipline  which  pre- 
vails in  the  prisons  and  jails  of  a  majority  of  the  States  of  the  Union, 
be  maintained  in  Porto  Rico.  To  this  subject,  however,  the  authorities 
are  giving  close  attention. 

ABORIGINES. 

The  Indian  population  of  Porto  Rico  at  the  date  of  its  colonization 
by  Spain  is  said  to  have  numbered  between  100,000  and  600,000  souls. 
According  to  the  historian.  Fray  Inigo  Abbad,  who  published  an 


24  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 

account  of  the  island  in  1788,  "it  was  as  thickly  populated  as  a  bee- 
hive." It  is  not  likely  that  a  correct  estimate  of  the  population  was 
made  by  Ponce  de  Leon  or  any  of  his  companions,  and,  as  in  the  case 
of  Cuba,  the  number  will  doubtless  remain  a  subject  of  conjecture. 

Of  the  traits  of  the  Indians  of  Porto  Rico,  Fray  liiigo  remarks  that 
they  were  copper  colored,  although  sallow  and  of  darker  complexions, 
short  in  stature,  well  proportioned,  with  flat  noses,  wide  nostrils,  bad 
teeth,  and  narrow  heads,  flat  in  front  and  behind,  "  being  pressed  into 
this  shape  at  the  time  of  their  birth.''  They  had  long,  thick,  black, 
coarse  hair,  and  were  weak  and  indolent,  regarding  with  aversion  all 
exertion  which  was  not  necessary  to  their  amusement  or  involved  in 
fishing,  hunting,  or  in  obtaining  food  from  other  sources.  They  were 
governed  by  caciques,  or  chiefs,  whose  rights  descended  to  the  eldest 
son  or  to  the  eldest  son  of  a  sister.  In  an  interesting  account  of  the 
aborigines  compiled  by  F.  Bedwell,  British  consul  to  Porto  Rico  in 
1879,  he  remarks  that  "the  orders  of  the  caciques  were  announced  as 
emanating  from  their  tutelary  god,  Cemi,  who  was  made  to  speak  as 
desired  by  means  of  the  buh-itls.  or  medicine  men,  who  were  at  the 
same  time  the  priests.  The  buhiti*  hid  themselves  behind  the  statue 
of  the  Cemi  and  declared  war  or  peace,  arranged  the  seasons,  granted 
sunshine  and  rain,  or  whatever  was  required,  according  to  the  will  of 
the  cacique  who  dictated,  and  when  announcements  or  promises  were 
not  fulfilled,  they  declared  that  the  Cemi  had  changed  his  mind  for 
wise  reasons  of  his  own. 

"The  chief doms  were  divided  into  small  provinces,  which  for  the 
most  part  only  comprised  the  inhabitants  of  a  valley;  but  all  were  sub- 
ject to  the  head  cacique,  who  at  the  time  of  the  conquest  was  Aquey- 
bana.  He  was  actually  governor  in  chief,  the  others  being  his 
lieutenants,  who  carried  out  his  orders  in  their  respective  districts. 

"Men  and  unmarried  women  wore  no  clothing,  but  painted  their 
bodies  abundantly  and  with  much  skill,  drawing  upon  them  many 
varieties  of  figures  with  the  oils,  gums,  and  resins  which  the}'  extracted 
from  trees  and  plants.  In  this  uniform  they  presented  themselves  in 
their  military  expeditions,  public  balls,  and  other  assemblies.  This 
simple  costume,  which  was  acquired  with  little  labor,  and  was  varied 
according  to  individual  taste,  was  not  without  its  ornaments  and  trim- 
mings, in  respect  of  which  opportunity  was  afforded  for  the  display  of 
skill  and  inventive  powers,  not  only  in  the  various  figures  and  colors 
with  which  each  one  painted  himself  or  herself,  but  also  in  the  head 
dresses  that  were  made  with  feathers  of  exquisite  colors.  They  put  small 
plates  of  gold  on  their  cheeks,  and  hung  shells,  precious  stones,  and  relics 
from  their  ears  and  noses,  and  an  image  of  their  god.  Cemi,  was  never 
forgotten.  The  chief  used  as  a  distinctive  emblem  a  large  golden  plate 
worn  on  the  breast.  Married  women  wore  an  apron  which  descended 


ABORIGINES.  25 

to  about  half  their  leg;  but  no  clothing  was  worn  on  the  rest  of  the 
body.  The  wives  of  the  caciques  wore  their  aprons  to  their  ankles, 
except  at  the  national  game  of  ball,  when  they  also  wore  short  ones. 

"It  is  not  known  what  formalities  they  used  to  celebrate  marriages, 
but  it  appears  that  they  took  two,  three,  or  more  wives,  according  to 
their  means  of  maintaining  them,  and  that  they  abandoned  some  and 
took  others  at  their  caprice.  The  chiefs  possessed  a  larger  number  of 
wives  than  their  subjects,  but  one  of  them  was  generally  preferred 
over  all  the  others.  They  all  lived  together,  it  is  said,  without  dis- 
playing jealousy  or  envy  of  the  favored  one.  All,  however,  in  effect, 
became  slaves  of  their  husbands:  they  dressed  his  hair  each  time  he 
left  his  habitation,  and  they  had.  besides  their  domestic  duties,  charge 
of  agricultural  pursuits  and  worked  in  his  fields.  Those  best  loved 
were  buried  alive  with  their  husbands  on  his  decease,  and  if  they  did 
not  voluntarily  offer  to  accompany  him  to  the  other  world,  they  were 
compelled  to  do  so.  Married  men  separated  themselves  from  their 
wives  for  fifteen  or  twenty  days  before  going  to  search  for  gold  in 
the  river,  as  they  believed  that  otherwise  their  sight  would  not  be 
good,  and  that  they  consequently  would  not  be  successful.  They  did 
not  intermarry  with  relations  of  the  first  degree,  from  a  belief  that 
those  guilty  of  incest  died  a  bad  death. 

"Their  habitations  or  huts  were  constructed  upon  pieces  of  timber 
or  trunks  of  trees  driven  into  the  ground  at  short  distances  from  each 
other,  and  they  were  either  oval,  round,  or  square,  according  to  the 
disposition  of  the  land.  Upon  these  posts  they  formed  the  floor  of 
cane  or  sticks,  and  the  walls  were  likewise  made  of  cane,  bound 
together  by  filaments  with  the  leaves  and  bark  of  the  palm  tree  and 
meeting  in  the  center  like  the  poles  of  a  tent.  The}7  usually  had 
neither  windows  nor  chimneys,  and  light  was  only  admitted  by  a 
narrow  doorway.  But  there  were  other  huts  stronger  and  of  better 
proportions.  From  the  ground  to  the  floor,  which  was  likewise 
formed  on  the  trunks  of  trees  driven  into  the  earth,  they  left  an  unin- 
closed  space  which  served  as  a  patio  or  courtyard,  and  in  the  higher 
story  they  left  air  holes  or  windows,  made  of  cane.  The  roof  had  a 
double  fall  and  was  covered  with  palm  leaves. 

"  Fray  Inigo  remarks  that,  when  he  wrote,  the  habitations  in  the 
interior  of  the  island  were  of  the  same  construction,  with  a  slight 
difference  that  the  floor  was  sometimes  made  of  boards,  but  that  the 
huts  were  built  upon  stakes  driven  into  the  ground. 

"It  is  remarkable  to  notice  how  very  little  change  has  even  yet 
taken  place  in  this  respect.  I  have  seen  hundreds  of  huts  exactly 
similar  to  those  described,  even  in  the  vicinity  of  towns  of  consider- 
able importance.  This  idea  of  building  upon  poles  driven  into  the 
ground  is  dictated  by  the  requirements  of  the  climate,  which  is  every- 
where exceedingly  damp.  The  valleys  and  lowlands  are  often  flooded 


26  REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

by  the  rains  and  the  rising  and  overflowing  of  the  rivers.  The  conse- 
quences of  this  are  in  some  measure  avoided  by  the  houses  being  built 
upon  posts  at  a  certain  elevation.  The  only  wonder  is  that  these  frail 
constructions  are  not  carried  away  by  the  gusts  of  wind.  They  are. 
however,  carried  away  when  their  owners  desire  it,  in  a  most  easy 
manner.  A  pole  to  which  wheels  are  attached  is  placed  underneath 
the  building,  and  it  is  thus  wheeled  off  to  the  other  side  of  the  road, 
or  the  new  site  selected  for  it.  This  does  not  apply  to  the  mere  huts 
of  the  peasants,  but  to  the  more  pretentious  wooden  houses,  which  are 
built  in  the  suburbs  of  all  the  towns. 

"The  hammock  and  the  calabash  shell  formed  the  principal  articles 
of  furniture  and  cooking  utensils  of  the  aborigines;  they  do  so  of  the 
Gribarox  or  white  country  people  of  to-day. 

"The  Indians  lighted  their  fires  by  means  of  three  sticks,  two  of 
which  were  tied  together  at  one  end;  they  then  placed  the  point  of  the 
third  against  the  ends  of  the  others,  and  beat  them  together  between 
the  palms  of  the  hands,  and  thus  ignited  them  with  great  facility. 

"Their  arms  were  a  bow  and  arrow  and  the  macana,  a  wooden 
weapon  in  the  form  of  a  schniter,  to  which  they  also  gave  the  shape  of 
an  ax,  and  armed  with  stone.  They  were  very  skillful  in  shooting 
the  arrow,  but  they  did  not  poison  their  arrows  as  the  Carib  Indians 
did.  They  had  canoes  for  fishing  in  the  rivers,  and  for  their  sea  voy- 
ages some  large  enough  to  hold  40  or  50  men;  but  all  were  hewn  out 
of  the  trunks  of  trees.  Trees  of  such  dimensions  no  longer  exist  in 
Puerto  Rico — three  centuries  and  a  half  of  wood  and  charcoal  fires 
have  had  a  disastrous  effect  upon  the  island  in  this  respect.  In  many 
parts  all  the  larger  trees  have  completely  disappeared,  and  seasons  of 
drought  are  naturally  experienced  in  consequence;  yet  nowhere4  are 
more  beautiful  or  useful  kinds  of  wood  to  be  found  than  in  Puerto 
Rico. 

"Fray  Inigo  says  that  the  occupations  of  the  Indians  were  as  few  as 
their  necessities.  The}r  passed  their  days  in  their  hammocks  or  squat- 
ting upon  their  heels  on  the  ground,  and  they  only  moved  with  pleasure 
to  dance  or  to  eat.  Their  agricultural  pursuits  were  limited  to  the  sim- 
ple cultivation  of  maize,  sweet  potatoes,  and  plantains,  and  even  this 
work  was-  left  to  the  women.  Fishing  and  hunting  were  the  pursuits  in 
which  the  men  were  supposed  to  occupy  themselves.  They  ate  many 
grubs  and  insects,  and  not  only  shellfish,  but  even  lizards  and  bats, 
says  the  author,  were  favourite  dishes. 

"Their  religion  consisted  of  the  superstitious  worship  of  the  Cemi, 
whose  image  they  carved  and  painted  as  their  imagination  dictated. 
They  placed  this  image  everywhere,  and  in  their  huts  and  habitations 
they  set  aside  a  dark  corner  to  pray  to  it  for  help  in  their  necessities. 
Outside  the  villages  the}*  had  a  temple  where  the  image  of  the  tutelar 
god  was  placed.  Thither  the  caciques  repaired  with  the  buhitis,  who 


ABORIGINES.  27 

hid  themselves,  as  previously  described,  behind  the  idol,  and  expressed 
by  his  mouth  the  will  of  the  chief.  In  the  religious  ceremonies  which 
they  celebrated  they  took  food  to  the  Cemi,  upon  which  the  priests 
regaled  themselves.  They  had  a  notion  of  two  invisible  beings — one, 
naturally  benevolent,  without  prayer  or  supplication  being  necessary 
in  order  to  obtain  his  favor — from  the  other  they  feared  every  mis- 
fortune, trouble,  and  calamity,  and  to  him. offerings  and  prayer  were 
necessary  to  mitigate  his  anger.  They  regarded  him  as  the  enemy  of 
mankind,  from  whom  all  evils  sprang.  Their  religious  ceremonies 
consisted  of  various  humiliations,  the  scattering  of  certain  powders 
over  the  head  of  the  idol,  and  other  superstitious  practices,  which  were 
inherited  from  generation  to  generation,  and  thus,  too,  were  handed 
down  their  images. 

"Images  of  the  Cemih&ve  been  found  from  time  to  time,  and  in 
quite  recent  years,  in  various  parts  of  the  island.  These  idols, 
although  varying  in  size  and  in  the  kind  of  stone  of  which  they  are 
made,  generally  display  similar'  characteristics.  I  have  also  seen 
some  made  of  baked  clay,  which  are  smaller  than  those  carved  in  stone. 
The  carving  on  the  stone  is  indeed  truly  wonderful,  when  it  is  remem- 
bered that  the  use  of  iron  was  unknown  to  them. 

"  Don  Jose  Julian  Acosta,  of  Puerto  Rico,  who  has  republished 
Fray  Inigo's  work,  with  copioiLS  notes,  describes  several  of  these 
antiquities  in  his  possession,  and  observes  that  they  show  that  at  the 
time  of  the  conquest  the  aborigines  of  Borinquen  were  in  the  second 
period  of  the  age  of  stone.  He  remarks  that  the  resemblance  among 
the  images  of  the  Cemi  serves  to  prove  the  unity  of  their  religious 
belief,  while  the  existence  of  these  symbols  in  various  and  distant 
places — now  on  the  coast,  now  in  the  interior — show  that  the  island 
was  inhabited  in  all  directions.  Senor  Acosta  believes  that  the  skele- 
tons of  the  Indians  yet  exist  in  the  grottos  and  caves  which  abound 
in  the  island,  and  which-  have  not  been  explored. 

ikThe  Borinquens  believed  that  the  dead  would  rise  in  a  land  of 
supreme  delights,  where  eternal  spring  would  be  enjoyed,  where  they 
would  find  beautiful  forests  filled  with  every  kind  of  game  and 
watered  by  rivers  abounding  with  fish,  and  where  the}'  would  all 
enjoy  the  blessings  of  life,  accompanied  by  their  wives  and  their  rela- 
tives who  had  preceded  them. 

''  When  one  of  the  chiefs  or  principal  men  fell  sick,  the  priest-doctor, 
or  buhiti,  was  called,  who,  after  performing  several  superstitious 
ceremonies,  purged  himself,  and  observed  the  same  diet  as  the  sick 
man.  If  he  did  not  strictly  comply  with  this  and  other  obligations, 
and  the  sick  man  died,  the  friends  and  relations  sometimes  put  out  the 
bukittfe  eyes,  beat  him,  or  inflicted  other  punishment  upon  him. 
When  the  Indians  saw  that  the  sick  were  near  their  death  they 
suffocated  them,  even  if  they  were  chiefs.  After  death  they  opened 


28  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 

and  dried  the  body  by  fire,  and  buried  it  in  a  large  cave  in  which 
were  interred  also  some  live  women,  the  arms  of  the  deceased,  and 
provisions  for  his  journey  to  the  other  world.  Sticks  and  branches 
of  trees  were  then  placed  on  the  top  and  the  whole  was  covered  with 
earth,  which  was  thus  kept  from  the  bodies  of  those  interred. 

"Every  event  which  was  attended  by  either  joyful  or  melancholy 
circumstances  was  celebrated  by  the  areito  or  dance,  accompanied  by 
music,  singing,  and  intoxication.  Fray  Inigo  says  that  the  areito  was 
not  exactly  an  amusement;  it  was  rather  a  serious  and  important 
occupation.  If  war  was  declared,  the  areito  represented  the  senti- 
ments which  were  to  lead  on  to  vengeance.  If  it  were  desired  to  miti- 
gate the  anger  of  the  Cemi,  to  celebrate  the  birth  of  a  son,  to  mourn 
the  death  of  a  cacique  or  friend,  there  were  special  dances  according 
to  circumstances  and  the  feeling  by  which  the  actors  were  animated. 
If  some  one  was  sick,  they  danced  in  order  that  he  might  recover,  and 
the  buhiti  danced  for  the  patient  if  he  could  not  himself  support  the 
fatigue  of  doing  so. 

"All  the  dances  were  in  imitation  of  some  event,  and  although  the 
music  which  governed  their  movements  was  very  simple,  the  dances 
were  lively  and  full  of  animation.  The  war  dance  was  the  most 
expressive  of  all.  Every  action  of  a  complete  campaign  was  repre- 
sented in  it — the  departure  of  the  warriors,  their  entry  into  the  enemy's 
country,  the  precautions  as  to  camping,  ambuscades,  surprises,  the 
fury  of  the  battle,  the  glory  of  the  victory,  the  conveyance  of  the 
prisoners — all  was  set  before  the  spectators  with  such  ardor  and 
enthusiasm  that  it  appeared  to  be  fighting  in  earnest.  The  actions, 
manner,  and  tone  of  voice  of  the  performers  were  in  keeping  with 
each  incident,  and  always  in  accord  with  the  music  and  singing  which 
accompanied  the  dances. 

"The  musical  instruments  were  drums  of  various  sizes,  made  out 
of  the  hollow  trunks  of  trees,  the  macara,  and  the  guiro,  or  guicharo, 
all  made  with  the  dried  fruit  of  the  calabash  tree.  These  instruments 
may  yet  be  said  to  be  the  national  musical  instruments  of  the  island. 
Not  only  are  they  still  used  in  the  dances  of  the  Gibaros,  but  theguiro 
or  guickaro  (the  long  calabash  shell  indented  and  played  upon  with  a 
stick)  is  used  in  balls  in  society,  as  an  accompaniment  to  the  piano,  and 
other  modern  instruments.  It  is  even  adopted  by  the  Spanish  military 
bands  when  they  play  the  country  dances.  The  songs  of  the  Indians 
were  serious  and  even  historical,  for  in  them  were  recounted  the  most 
important  events  of  their  life  and  their  country;  the  genealogy  of 
their  chiefs,  the  dates  of  their  death,  their  fortunes  in  war,  and  the 
victories  they  had  acquired,  good  and  bad  seasons,  etc. 

"The  areito  was  composed  of  a  large  number  of  persons;  sometimes 
men  only  danced,  on  other  occasions  only  women;  at  other  times  men 
and  women  together.  They  formed  two  rows  hand  in  hand  and  were 


ABORIGINES.  29 

led  by  a  guide  or  master  of  the  ceremony,  who  gave  the  time,  and  all 
followed,  repeating  the  history  which  he  sang.  While  some  thus  danced 
others  gave  drink  to  the  dancers,  who,  Fray  Inigo  says,  did  not  stop 
until  they  fell  intoxicated,  when  their  places  were  filled  by  others. 
The  areito  was  concluded  by  all  becoming  intoxicated,  with  a  drink 
made  by  the  women  of  fruit,  maize,  and  other  ingredients,  and  with 
the  smoke  of  tobacco  which  they  imbibed  by  their  nostrils. 

"•Besides  the  areito,  the  Indians  had  a  game  of  ball,  for  which  they 
had  places  set  apart  in  the  vicinity  of  the  villages.  Both  men  and 
women  engaged  in  this  game  likewise;  but  when  not  engaged  in  one 
of  the  occupations  or  amusements  mentioned,  the  Indians  passed  their 
days  smoking  in  their  hammocks  and  were  generally  silent. 

"In  bartering  they  little  regarded  the  value  of  the  object  or  that 
given  in  exchange  for  one  they  fancied.  They  had  neither  money, 
weights,  nor  measures  of  any  kind.  The  crime  which  the  Indians 
invariably  punished  most  severely  was  theft.  He  who  took  the  prop- 
erty of  another  was  impaled  alive  and  thus  left  to  die.  It  was  regarded 
as  a  bad  action  to  intercede  for  a  thief,  even  if  the  mediator  were 
his  father  or  a  near  relative;  thus  the  crime  of  theft  was  very  rare 
among  them." 

Having  completed  the  subjugation  of  the  Indians  Juan  Ponce  de 
Leon  proceeded  to  enslave  them  under  the  Spanish  system  of  reparti- 
nui-ntos  and  encomwndas?  as  had  already  been  done  in  Santo  Domingo, 
Cuba,  and  other  Spanish  colonies.  As  the  result  of  their  battles  with 
the  Spaniards,  of  disease  and  emigration  to  other  islands,  of  hard  labor 
in  the  mines,  and  other  unaccustomed  drudgery,  the  native  population 
rapidly  disappeared,  so  that  in  1543  it  was  reported  to  the  King  of 
Spain  by  the  bishop  of  San  Juan2  that  there  were  but  60  native 
Indians  in  the  island.  At  this  time  there  are  few  traces  of  them 
remaining,  at  least  this  census  has  not  discovered  any.  Still,  in  such 
matters  no  census  can  vie  with  a  trained  observer,  and  therefore 
attention  may  be  called  to  the  following  statements  of  Capt.  W.  S. 
Schuyler  in  a  report  of  August  30,  1899:  ''  While  work  was  being 
done  on  the  roads,  I  had  occasion  to  watch  crowds  of  700  or  800  men 
gathered  about  the  pay  tables  at  Las  Marias,  La  Vega,  and  Anasco. 
The  f  requency  of  the  aboriginal  type  was  very  noticeable.  While  it 
is  almost  certain  that  there  is  to-day  no  single  individual  in  Puerto 
Rico  of  pure  aboriginal  stock,  it  is  equally  sure  that  the  type  can  be 

1 A  repartimento  was  a  grant  of  land,  which  carried  with  it  the  right  to  the  labor  of 
the  Indians  occupying  it  or  living  within  a  short  distance  of  it,  at  first  for  cultivating 
the  soil.  This  privilege  was  subsequently  extended  so  that  the  Indians  could  be  used 
in  any  kind  of  labor. 

An  encomienda  was  practically  a  grant  of  Indians,  irrespective  of  the  land.  At 
first  the  grant  expired  with  the  grantee.  It  was  subsequently  extended  through  two 
or  three  lives,  and  in  effect  became  perpetual.  As  a  result  the  Indians  were  slaves. 

"The  first  bishopric  was  established  in  1512,  and  the  Inquisition  in  1513. 


30  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 

seen  everywhere  in  the  mountain  settlements.  At  San  German  I 
noticed  a  woman  whose  color,  hair,  and  features  were  true  Indian  as 
seen  in  the  southwest  of  the  United  States.1'  (Report  of  (ien. 
George  W.  Davis,  1899,  p.  312,  f.) 

NEGROES. 

It  is  probable  that  a  small  number  of  negro  slaves  accompanied  the 
earliest  Spanish  expeditions  from  Santo  Domingo  to  Porto  Rico,  as 
slaves  had  been  introduced  into  that  island  several  years  before.  In 
consequence  of  the  rapid  disappearance  of  the  native  Indian  popula- 
tion, the  introduction  of  negro  slaves  into  Porto  Rico  on  payment  of 
a  tax  amounting  to  2  ducats  per  head  was  authorized  as  early  as  1513. 
From  the  history  of  the  island  by  Fray  Inigo  Abbad,  it  appears  that 
through  various  imperial  authorizations  negro  slaves  were  introduced 
into  Porto  Rico  as  follows: 

1530 200  I  1550 250 

1536 200  j  1551 150 

1540 300  I  1553 400 

Thus,  from  1530  to  1553,  about  1,500  negroes  were  legallly  imported. 
It  is  probable  that  a  corresponding  number  were  smuggled  to  avoid 
the  per  capita  duty. 

According  to  the  same  author,  contracts  for  the  importation  of  negro 
slaves  continued  throughout  the  seventeenth  century,  the  privilege 
being  held  by  the  Genoese,  Portuguese,  and  Dutch,  sometimes  Span- 
iards, and  the  French.  Between  the  years  of  1613  and  1621,  during 
the  government  of  Don  Felipe  de  Beaumont  y  Navarra,  11  vessels 
laden  with  negroes  entered  Porto  Rico.  It  is  probable  that  during 
the  seventeenth  century  other  importations  took  place,  legal  and  con- 
traband, as,  from  a  general  study  of  Porto  Rican  history,  it  appcar> 
that  during  that  century  its  black  population  increased  greatly  over 
the  population  at  the  end  of  the  previous  century. 

A  corresponding  increase  occurred  during  the  eighteenth  century, 
due  to  the  commercial  reforms  which  stimulated  the  progress  of  the 
islsiiid  and  gave  an  impetus  to  the  slave  trade. 

In  1760  a  contract  was  made  with  Miguel  de  Uriarte  for  the  impor- 
tation to  several  points  of  America — Porto  Rico  among  others — of 
15,000  negroes. 

By  a  royal  cedula  o.  October  31,  1765,  the  Company  of  Caracas 
was  authorized  to  introduce  2,000  negroes  into  that  province  and  into 
that  of  Maracaibo,  which  had  lost  man}'  of  the  natives  by  smallpox. 
As  these  iieu  roes  were  taken  to  Porto  Rico  under  a  foreign  flag,  and 
thence  to  ( 'aracas  under  the  Spanish.,  the  company  was  prohibited  from 
exporting  merchandise,  in  the  foreign  vessels  bringing  the  negroes 
or  from  transacting  any  business  which  might  injure  or  affect  the 


NEGROKS.  31 

Company  of  Barcelona  having  a  monopoly  of  the  island's  commerce, 
or  which  might  affect  the  contract  executed  with  Miguel  de  Uriarte 
and  his  partners  relating  to  negroes  to  be  brought  to  the  island  of 
Porto  Rico. 

By  a  royal  cedida  of  November  8,  1765,  extended  to  the  islands  of 
Cuba.  Santo  Domingo,  Porto  Rico,  Marguerite,  and  Trinidad,  the 
King  ordered  the  abolition  of  the  taxes  and  duties  which  were  being 
paid  in  the  said  islands  for  the  introduction  of  negro  slaves,  there 
being  substituted  therefor  a  moderate  capitation  tax,  to  be  paid  annu- 
ally bj"  persons  engaged  in  the  importation  of  slaves.  This  royal 
cedufa  contained  other  provisions  which  were  beneficial  to  agriculture 
according  to  the  economic  ideas  then  prevalent. 

The  number  of  negro  slaves  in  Porto  Rico  in  1765  and  for  a  hundred 
years  later  was  as  follows: 

1765 5, 037  1827 31, 874 

1794 17,500  1830 34,240 

1802 13,333  1834 41,818 

1812 17,536  1846 51,216 

1820 21,730  1860 41,738 

From  1802  to  1872  the  number  of  slaves  was  gradually  reduced,  as 
appears  bj-  the  census  of  that  year,  which  gives  the  total  black  popu- 
lation of  the  island  as  257,709,  of  which  31,635  were  slaves.  From 
these  statistics  it  will  be  observed  that  the  number  of  slaves  increased 
rapidly  to  1845  and  steadily  declined  from  that  date.  The  decline  and 
disappearance  of  slavery  were  due  to  the  treaties  made  by  Spain  with 
England,  the  laws  and  decrees  promulgated  by  the  Government,  the 
growing  sentiment  against  it  in  all  civilized  countries,  especially  in 
England  and  the  United  States,  and  the  corresponding  watchfulness  of 
British  and  American  cruisers  in  West  Indian  waters. 

On  the  22<l  of  March,  1873,  a  law  was  passed  by  the  Spanish  revolu- 
tionary National  Assembly  abolishing  slavery  in  Porto  Rico  forever,  on 
condition  that  all  freedmen  should  enter  into  contract  for  continued 
labor  with  their  actual  possessors,  with  other  persons,  or  with  the 
State,  for  a  period  of  not  less  than  three  years.  Three  officials  were 
appointed  by  the  insular  government  to  guard  the  interests  of  the 
slaves  in  all  contracts.  Articles  3,  4,  5,  and  6  provided  for  the  indem- 
nification of  the  owners  of  slaves  on  the  basis  of  such  an  appraisement 
as  might  be  determined  by  a  board  of  officials  and  slave  owners,  for 
which  the  law  made  provision. 

As  in  other  Spanish  possessions,  the  slaves  of  Porto  Rico  were 
humanely  treated,  as  a  rule,  and  granted  many  privileges  not  accorded 
to  them  by  other  governments.  Among  these  was  the  privilege  of 
purchasing  their  freedom,  of  which,  as  shown  by  statistics,  many  took 
advantage. 

As  in  Cuba,  the  black  population  has  always  been  of  great  con.se- 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


quence  to  the  agricultural  interests  of  the  island,  more  especially  in 
the  cultivation  of  the  sugar  cane.  This  fact  largely  affected  the  terms 
of  the  law  of  1873,  and  caused  the  insertion  of  the  clause  requiring 
service  under  contracts.  To  have  freed  the  slaves  without  this  condi- 
tion might,  and  probably  would,  have  resulted  disastrously  to  the 
slaves  as  well  as  to  the  planters  and  others  dependent  on  them  for 
labor. 

CHINESE. 

The  number  of  Chinese  is  so  inconsiderable  that  no  special  account 
of  them  is  necessary.  Their  presence  in  the  island  is  entirely 
voluntary. 

SUMMARY  OF  PAST  CENSUSES. 

In  connection  with  the  work  of  the  present  census,  a  summary  has 
been  made  of  all  the  past  censuses  of  Porto  Rico,  of  which  the  official 
figures  were  obtainable.  This  summary  thus  includes  the  census  of 
1860,  that  of  1877,  and  that  of  1887.  The  details  for  the  Spanish 
census  of  1897  are  not  available. 

CENSUS  OF  1860. 
WHITE  PORTO  RICANS,  BY  NATIONALITY  AND  RESIDENCE. 


Nationality  and  residence. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Resident  natives  . 

151,673 

145,  148 

296,821 

Nonresident  natives  

1,298 

561 

1,859 

Resident  foreigners  

1,076 

329 

1,405 

Nonresident  foreigners 

281 

40 

:?2i 

Total  whites  

154,  328 

146,  078 

300,406 

COLORED  PORTO  RICANS,  BY  NATIONALITY  AND  CIVIL  STA  I  IS. 


Total  colored  142  089 

140,686 

•jsj  775 

Resident  colored  natives  .                  140,  386 

139,  692 

280,  078 

Free  119,459 

120,  084 

289,  543 

Slave  20,  927 

19,608 

\(i.^.& 

Nonresident  colored  natives.                                        468 

299 

767 

Free...                                                                       414 

236 

660 

Slave                                                                        54 

63 

117 

Resident  colored  foreigners                         ..              982 

652 

1  ,  <B4 

Free  ...                                                                       302 

254 

•r)5t( 

Slave  680 

398 

1,078 

Nonresident  colored  foreigners          253 

43 

296 

Free  ...              248 

40 

288 

Slave  5 

3 

I'oKTo   KH'ANS  BY  SKX. 


Porto  Ricaiis 

•".>r.   117 

286  764 

1583  308 

1  Including  Vll  IMTSOH.S  not  classified. 


TYPE  OF   MESTIZO. 


CENSUS    OF    1860. 
CENSUS  OF  1860 — continued. 

POPULATION  BY  MARITAL  CONDITION,  RACE,  AND  STATUS. 


33 


Race,  sex,  and  status. 

Single. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Total. 

Total 

433,  973 

123,  326 

25,882 

1  583,  308 

White  

211,400 

73,  913 

15,093 

300,406 

Male  

112,530 

37,155 

4,643 

154,328 

Female 

98,870 

36,758 

10,450 

146,078 

222,573 

49,  413 

10,  789 

282,  775 

Male,  free  

92,190 

24,  598 

3,635 

120,423 

Female  free 

89,354 

24,220 

7,040 

120,  614 

Male,  slave  
Female  slave 

21,271 
19,758 

338 
257 

57 
57 

21,666 
20,072 

1  Including  127  persons  not  classified. 


POPULATION  BY  RACE,  STATUS,  SEX,  AND  AGE. 


Age  period. 

White. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Free. 

Slave. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Under  1... 

4,020 
35,330 
30,476 
13,832 
15,228 
14,958 
19,  146 
9,653 
6,318 
3,790 
928 
249 
273 
92 
29 
6 

3,991 
32,600 
27,290 
17,  331 
15,346 
15,200 
15,  732 
8,725 
5,556 
2,563 
988 
273 
326 
69 
67 
21 

3,935 
31,  187 
25,983 
11,257 
10,212 
10,  469 
12,  243 
6,526 
4,658 
2,635 
872 
185 
153 
45 
48 
15 

3,764 
27,  571 
23,535 
14,223 
12,  718 
12,  411 
11,  762 
7,072 
4,383 
1,809 
907 
167 
168 
32 
60 
32 

574 
3,584 
3,935 
2,273 
2,026 
2,220 
3,239 
1,902 
1,047 
597 
190 
36 
29 
6 
6 
2 

549 
3,499 
3,441 
2,594 
2,133 
2,221 
2,792 
1,605 
778 
294 
116 
15 
23 
5 
5 
2 

16,833 
133,771 
114,  660 
61,510 
57,663 
57,479 
64,914 
35,483 
22,740 
11,688 
4,001 
925 
972 
249 
215 
78 

1-7.  .. 

8-15  

16-20. 

21-25  

26-30  

31^0. 

41-50  

51-60 

61-70  ... 

71-80  

81-85  

86-90  

91-95  

96-100  

100+  

All  ages  ..  . 

154,328 

146,  078 

120,  423 

120,  614 

21,666 

20,072 

1583,308 

1  Including  127  persons  not  classified. 


POPULATION  BY  RACE,  SEX,  AND  LITERACY. 


Literacy. 

White. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Able  to  read 

27,  219 
127,109 

17,695 
128,383 

3,714 
138,  375 

2,758 
137,  928 

51,386 
531,  795 

Unable  to  read  

Total  

154,  328 

146,  078 

142,  089 

140,686 

J  583,  308 

8490—01 


1  Including  127  persons  not  classified. 


34  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 

CENSUS  OF  1860 — continued. 

POPULATION  BY  RACE  AND  OCCUPATION. 


Occupation. 

White. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Ecclesiastics.  .  . 

159 

159 

874 

874 

Officials  retired 

49 

49 

Military  in  active  service 

11,133 

44 

11,177 

Military  retired  .                           

117 

12 

129 

Proprietors  

8,865 

4,563 

13,418 

Laborers  

17,  395 

9,642 

27,  037 

Traders  

3,091 

321 

3,412 

Manufacturers            

20 

6 

32 

871 

512 

1  383 

Teachers  

•154 

15 

469 

Day  laborers                  

18,833 

21,775 

40,608 

853 

672 

1  .">•>.=> 

17,993 

17,286 

35  279 

Total  

80,703 

54,848 

135,551 

CENSUS  OF  1877. 
DE  JURE  POPULATION  BY  SEX,  RACE,  AND  NATIONALITY. 


Race  and  nationality. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Total  <lf  jure  population  

367,832 

361,  613 

729,  445 

363,  291 

359,  313 

722  604 

White  Spanish  subjects  

204,  305 

198,  735 

403,010 

White  foreigners 

2,  053 

1,258 

3,311 

Mulatto  Spanish  subjects             .            

117,860 

119,685 

237,  035 

Mulatto  foreigners  

556 

637 

1,193 

37,  193 

37,  531 

74,  724 

Black  foreigners  

1,834 

1,467 

3,301 

4,541 

2,300 

6  841 

White  Spanish  subjects  

2,979 

1,295 

4,274 

201 

35 

236 

Mulatto  Spanish  subjects                         

907 

682 

1,589 

Mulatto  foreigners       

20 

3 

23 

415 

274 

689 

Black  foreigners                                   ... 

19 

11 

30 

DE  FACTO  POPULATION  BY  SEX,  RACE,  AND  NATIONALITY. 


Total  de  facto  population 

369,054 

362,  594 

731,  648 

363,  291 

359,  313 

722,604 

White  Spanish  subjects  

204,305 

198,  735 

403,040 

White  foreigners 

2,053 

1,258 

3,311 

Mulatto  Spanish  subjects 

117,860 

119,685 

237,035 

Mulatto  foreigners  

566 

637 

1,193 

37,  193 

37,  531 

74,  72  1 

Black  foreigners  

1,834 

1,467 

3,301 

Vonri'xidenN  who  were  present             

5,763 

3,281 

9,044 

White  Spanish  subjects 

3,028 

1,741 

4,769 

White  foreigners  

500 

92 

592 

1,278 

935 

2,213 

Mulatto  foreigners                          

208 

57 

260 

571 

378 

949 

Black  foreigners                      

183 

78 

261 

CENSUS    OF    1887. 


35 


CENSUS  OF  1887. 
DE  JURE  OR  RESIDENT  1'nPULATION  BY  SEX,  RACE,  AND  NATIONALITY. 


Race  and  nationality. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Total  tlrjurt  population  

396,577 

397,055 

793,  632 

391,311 

394,  178 

785,489 

White  Spanish  subjects 

232,883 

231,107 

463,990 

White  foreigners.         .        

1,678 

1,228 

2,906 

118,  758 

123,221 

241,979 

453 

521 

974 

Black  Span  is)  i  subjects  

36,812 

37,467 

74,279 

Black  foreigners  

727 

634 

1,361 

5,266 

2,877 

8,143 

White  Spanish  subjects  

3.507 

1,721 

5,228 

White  foreigners  

75 

31 

106 

Mulatto  Spanish  subjects                 

1,223 

809 

2,031 

Mulatto  foreigners  

9 

3 

12 

444 

311 

755 

Black  foreigners         

9 

2 

11 

DE  FACTO  OR  PRESENT  POPULATION  BY  SEX,  RACE,  AND  NATIONALITY. 


Total  dc  facto  population  

399,  021 

399,544 

798,565 

Residents  who  were  present  .  .           

391,  311 

394,  178 

785,489 

White  Spanish  subjects..                

232,  883 

231,107 

463,990 

White  foreigners  

1,678 

1,228 

2,906 

Mulatto  Spanish  subjects 

118,  758 

123,221 

241,979 

Mulatto  foreigners  .         ..        

453 

521 

974 

36,812 

37,467 

74,  279 

Black  foreigners  

727 

634 

1,361 

7,710 

5,366 

13,  076 

White  Spanish  subjects  

4,824 

3,188 

8,012 

White  foreigners 

15 

10 

25 

Mulatto  Spanish  subjects  

2,092 

1,599 

3,691 

Mulatto  foreigners  

1 

2 

3 

Black  Spanish  subjects                              .  . 

773 

566 

1,339 

Black  foreigners  

o 

6 

DE  JURE  POPULATION  BY  SEX  AND  RACE. 


Race. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

White 

238,143 

234  087 

472  230 

Mulatto                                   

120,442 

124,554 

244,9% 

Black 

37  992 

38  414 

76  406 

Total  

396,  577 

397,055 

793,632 

DE  FACTO  POPULATION  BY  SEX  AND  RACE. 


White    

239,400 

235,533 

474,  933 

Mulatto 

121,304 

125,343 

246  647 

Black.                       

38,317 

38,668 

76,985 

Total                                                           

399,021 

399,544 

798,565 

POPULATION  BY  MARITAL  CONDITION. 


Condition. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Single  

314,536 

298,710 

613  246 

Married  .  .  . 

76  156 

75  371 

151  527 

Widowed  

13  595 

28  340 

41  935 

Total  

404  287 

402  421 

ig06  708 

1 8,143  absent  residents  are  included. 


36  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 

CENSUS  OF  1887 — continued. 


POPULATION  BY  SEX  AND  LITERACY. 


Literacy.                                            Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Able  to  read  and  write  57,  216 

39,651 

96  867 

Able  to  read  onlv  5  662 

8  851 

14  513 

Unable  to  read  .  '.  341  409 

353  919 

t'.'i.->  828 

Total  404,  287 

402  421 

1806  708 

1  8,143  absent  residents  are  included. 


POPULATION  BY  AGE  AND  SEX. 


Age  period. 

MuK-. 

Female. 

Total. 

Under  1 

11  273 

10  833 

21)  106 

1-5  

68  095 

65  160 

133  255 

6-10  

64,957 

61,902 

TV.   ».VJ 

11-15  

48,979 

45,489 

<M   4tW 

16-20 

39  083 

46  975 

N;  II.YS 

21-25.  .  . 

37,182 

38  753 

"•">  "3-") 

26-30  

34,256 

38  685 

72  941 

31-40  

42,048 

42,710 

84  758 

41-50 

26  638 

26  262 

"V    'HHJ 

51-60  

20,772 

15  430 

;;>•,  -v> 

61-70  '  

7,614 

6  318 

13  932 

70+  

3,390 

3,904 

7  294 

Total  ... 

404,287 

402  421 

1806  708 

1 8,143  absent  residents  are  included. 


TOTAL  POPULATION  BY  SEX. 


Male.... 

Female  . 


404,287 

402,421 


Total 1806,708 

FORM  OF  POPULATION  SCHEDULE. 

If  the  population  schedule  adopted  for  the  Porto  Rican  census  be 
compared  with  the  schedule  of  the  Eleventh  Census  of  the  United 
States,  it  will  be  found  that,  while  in  general  design  they  are  the 
same,  they  differ  in  respect  to  the  number  of  inquiries,  and  that  the 
latter  is  the  more  comprehensive  of  the  two.  "This  is  quite  natural 
and  results  from  the  simple  and  homogeneous  character  of  the  popu- 
lation of  Porto  Rico,  in  which  a  less  extensive  investigation  is  neces- 
sary to  determine  the  state  of  the  population  than  in  the  United 
States.  In  Porto  Rico  the  industries  of  the  people  are  quite  limited 
and  a  very  large  majority  of  the  population  is  native. 

The  population  schedule  used  in  the  present  census,  translated  into 
English  and  reduced  in  size,  is  as  follows: 


1  8,143  absent  residents  are  included. 


POPULATION    SCHEDULE. 


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38  KEPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

METHOD  OF  TABULATION. 

It  was  decided  that  to  save  time,  which  was  important,  the  tabulation 
should  be  done  by  machine,  and  not  by  the  old  hand-tally  system. 

As  the  electric  tabulating  machines,  invented  by  Mr.  Herman  Hol- 
lerith, had  been  successfully  used  in  tabulating  the  Eleventh  Census 
of  the  United  States,  and  were  to  be  used  again  in  the  Twelfth,  and  as 
his  system  was  known  to  be  accurate  and  expeditious,  it  was  adopted. 
Its  operation  is  described  by  Mr.  Hollerith  as  follows: 

' '  The  population  of  each  enumeration  district  was  first  established 
by  a  so-called  'rough  count';  that  is,  the  number  of  persons  recorded 
on  each  schedule  were  counted  by  two  clerks  independent  of  each 
other,  and  where  such  counts  disagreed,  a  third,  or  even  a  fourth, 
count  was  made  to  determine  the  correct  population  of  each  enumera- 
tion district. 

"The  detailed  tables  were  then  prepared  by  means  of  the  electric 
tabulating  s}Tstem.  For  this  purpose  all  the  necessary  data-  relating 
to  each  person  were  expressed  by  means  of  holes  punched  in  certain 
places  in  a  card  by  means  of  the  key -board  punch. 

Pattern  of  the  card. 


1234 

X 

X 

1        2 

B 

V 

0123 

S 

Cu    Cn   It  Af 

5678 

Dw 

J 

3        4 

N 

H 

4    5   10   15 

C 

PR  Esp  PtAst 

1234 

B 

1 

5        6 

M 

18     20  21  25  30 

UI 

WI  Ing  Su  Ch 

Esp 

5678 

2         3 

7        8 

Ch 

35     40  45  50  55 

V 

SA    Ir   Nr  Jp 

Cu 

1234 

4         5 

9      10 

Jp 

60     65  70  75  80 

Un 

CA   Sc    Di   OC 

Sus 

5678 

6         7 

11      16 

In 

85     90  95  100  Un 

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M 

<£> 

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5678 

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Ac 

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In 

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Sq 

R 

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18      13     8     3 

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X 

X 

X 

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f 

9  4 

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P       K       E 

'.'If  the  record  related  to  a  white  person,  B,  standing  for  bianco 
(white),  was  punched,  while  N  was  punched  for  a  negro,  or  M  for 
mixed,  Ch  for  Chinese,  etc.  For  males  V  was  punched,  and  H  for 
females.  The  age  was  recorded  by  punching  0  for  less  than  1  year,  1, 
2,  3,  or  -i  for  the  respective  years.  .">  for  the  group  5-9,  etc.  Conjugal 


METHOD    OF   TABULATION.  39 

condition  was  recorded  in  the  next  tield  or  division  of  the  card.  Birth- 
place was  recorded  by  punching-  in  another  division  of  the  card  PR 
for  Porto  Rico,  Esp  for  Spain,  It  for  Italy,  OC  for  other  countries, 
etc.  Citizenship  was  similarly  recorded.  For  each  occupation  two 
holes  were  punched,  according  to  the  number  assigned  to  the  given 
occupation  in  the  corresponding-  classification  of  occupation,  NG  being 
punched  for  those  without  gainful  occupation.  Literacy,  school  attend- 
ance, education,  and  the  sanitaiy  condition  of  the  dwellings,  size  of 
families,  etc.,  were  similarly  recorded  by  punching  in  the  respective 
divisions  of  the  card. 

"At  the  extreme  left  a  space  of  four  rows  of  12  holes  was  used  to 
record  the  department,  municipality,  and  enumeration  district  to  which 
the  card  related.  The  combination  of  holes  would,  of  course,  be  the 
same  for  all  the  cards  of  a  given  district,  and  the  holes  were  made 
not  bj-  the  keyboard  punch,  but  by  the  gang-  punch. 

"In  addition,  each  card  was  provided  at  the  extreme  right-hand 
edge  with  a  double  number,  one  number  indicating  the  sheet  of  the 
particular  enumeration  district  on  which  the  record  of  the  correspond- 
ing person  could  be  found,  and  the  other  indicating  the  particular  line 
on  which  the  facts  were  reported  to  which  the  card  related.  By  means 
of  the  gang-punched  holes  and  these  numbers  any  one  of  the  million 
cards  corresponding  to  the  population  of  Porto  Rico  could  be  identified 
and  the  correctness  of  the  punching  verified. 

"The  punched  cards  were  then  passed  through  the  electric  tabulating 
machines.  In  this  machine  a  series  of  electro-magnetically  operated 
counters  are  arranged,  according  to  the  tables  it  is  desired  to  compile, 
in  electric  connection  with  a  circuit-closing  device,  the  circuits  through 
which  are  controlled  by  the  holes  in  the  punch-record  card,  which  is 
placed  on  the  bedplate  of  such  circuit-closing  device. 

"The  cards  relating  to  a  given  enumeration  district  were  fed  one  by 
one  into  the  tabulating  machine,  which  recorded  the  number  of  native 
white  males,  foreign  white  males,  colored  males,  native  white  females, 
the  number  born  in  Porto  Rico,  in  Spain,  the  number  less  than  5  }Tears 
of  age,  5  to  9  jrears  of  age,  etc.  The  sum  of  the  details  of  each  group 
of  facts  should  equal  the  total  number  of  cards  tabulated,  and,  of 
course,  should  equal  the  population  of  the  enumeration  district  as 
established  by  the  rough  count,  thus  providing  a  third  check  on  the 
accuracy  of  the  count. 

"At  the  same  time  that  a  card  operates  the  counters  it  opens  one 
compartment  of  the  sorting  box,  into  which  it  is  placed  when  removed 
from  the  circuit-closing  device.  The  object  of  such  sorting  is  to 
arrange  the  cards  to  facilitate  subsequent  tabulation  by  moans  of 
which  the  more  detailed  tables  are  obtained. 

"By  thus  tabulating  first  one  group  of  data  and  then  another  with 
intermediate  sorting  or  arranging  of  the  cards  the  various  tables  were 
obtained." 


DISCUSSION  OF  POPULATION  TAHLKS 


TOTAL  POPULATION. 

The  population  of  Porto  Rico,  shown  by  the  schedules  of  the  recent 
census,  taken  as  of  November  10,  1899,  was  953,243.  This  is  a  little 
more  than  two-thirds  that  of  Cuba  in  1899  and  about  the  same  as  that 
of  West  Virginia  in  1900.  Previous  censuses  of  the  island  in  com- 
parison with  this  show  the  following  results: 

Population  at  each  census. 


1765 44,883 

1775 70,250 

1800 155, 426 

1815 220, 892 

1832...               330,051 


1846 447,914 

1860 583,308 

1877 731,648 

1887 798, 565 

1899 953,  243 


From  the  above  figures  the  decennial  rates  of  increase  have  been 
computed,  with  the  following  results: 

Rate  of  increase  per  decade. 


Per  cent. 

1765-1775 57 

177.V1800 37 

1800-1815 26 

1815-1832 27 

1832-1846..  .   L'4 


Per  cent. 

1846-1860 21 

1860-1877 14 

1S77-1887 9 

1887-1899..  .  16 


The  above  figures  show  a  remarkably  uniform  gradation  in  the  rate 
of  increase  from  56  per  cent  per  decade  between  1765  and  1775  down 
to  9  per  cent  between  1877  and  1887.  The  surprising  rise  between  the 
last  two  censuses  may  be  due  to  a  more  thorough  enumeration  in  1899 
than  ever  before,  although  it  must  be  said  that  if  the  lower  rates  of 
increase  in  earlier  periods  had  been  due  to  imperfect  enumeration,  it 
was  seareely  to  be  expected  that  the  series  of  rates  of  increase  above 
given  would  have  shown  as  smooth  a  curve. 

The  last  rate  of  increase,  that  between  1887  and  1899,  is  much  less 
than  that  of  the  United  States  between  1890  and  1900(21  percent), 
but  agree-  with  that  of  the  state  of  Arkansas  for  the  same  decade. 
40 


CENSUS  OF  PORTO  RICO   1899. 


HUNDREDS 


THOUSAN  D  5 


TOTAL    POPULATION. 


41 


Before  making  a  comparison  for  departments  and  municipal  districts 
between  the  population  in  1887  and  that  in  1899  five  changes  call  for 
mention.  Three  of  them  are  merely  nominal.  The  San  Juan  depart- 
ment of  L887  appears  in  the  present  census  as  Bayamon,  the  Sabana 
del  Palmar  district  of  1887  is  now  Comerio  district,  and  the  Hato 
Grande  district  of  1887  is  now  San  Lorenzo.  Two  municipal  districts 
no  longer  appear  in  any  shape  in  the  list,  for  Ceiba  has  been  consoli- 
dated with  Fajardo.  and  Luquillo  has  been  divided  between  Rio  Grande 
and  Fajardo.  As  the  last  change  affects  the  boundary  between  two 
departments,  in  preparing  the  table  below  the  municipal  district  of 
Rio  Grande  has  been  included  in  the  department  of  Humacao,  in  order 
to  ensure  that  the  comparison  in  ever}'  case  is  for  identical  areas. 


Department. 

Population. 

Increase,  1887-1899. 

1887. 

1899. 

Absolute. 

Per  cent. 

Humacao  (with  Rio  Grande) 

93,214 
115,  926 
96,991 
86,0% 
122,  862 
159,311 
124,  165 

100,866 
127,566 
111,986 
99,645 
147,  681 
203,191 
162,308 

7,652 
11,640 
14,995 
13,549 
-       24,  819 
43,880 
38,143 

8.2 
10.0 
15.5 
15.7 
20.2 
27.5 
30.7 

Mayaeuez  

Gu&Viiuia 

Aguadilla 

Ponce 

Arecibo  

Porto  Rico  

798,565 

953,  243 

154,  678 

19.4 

The  boundaries  between  these  departments  divide  the  island,  by  lines 
trending  either  north  and  south  or  east  and  west,  into  four  regions, 
which  may  be  called  the  eastern  (department  of  Humacao),  east  central 
(departments  of  Bayamon  and  Guayama),  west  central  (departments  of 
Arecibo  and  Ponce),  and  western  (departments  of  Aguadilla  and  Maya- 
guez).  Each  of  these  four  divisions,  except  the  first,  is  subdivided 
into  a  northern  and  a  southern  part. 

An  inspection  of  the  preceding  table,  with  these  facts  in  mind,  shows 
that  the  central  departments,  except  Guayama,  increased  faster  than 
any  of  the  three  at  the  east  and  west  ends  of  the  island;  that  of  the 
three  departments  at  the  ends  of  the  island  those  at  the  west  grew 
faster  than  Humacao,  and  of  the  four  central  departments  the  two 
west  central  ones  grew  faster  than  either  of  the  east  central  ones. 
Each  department  on  the  north  coast  also  grew  more  rapidly  than  the 
department  directly  south  of  it,  viz,  Aguadilla  faster  than  Mayaguez, 
Bayarnon  faster  than  Guayama,  and  Arecibo  faster  than  Ponce.  The 
three  most  populous  departments  are  the  ones  in  which  the  rate  of 
increase  was  above  the  average  for  the  whole  island. 

Among  the  69  municipal  districts  into  which  these  departments  are 
subdivided  7  decreased  in  population  between  1887  and  1899.  As  all 
of  them  lie  on  the  coast,  their  situation  suggests  that  the  coast  dis- 
tricts as  a  whole  may  have  grown  more  slowly  than  the  interior  of  the 
island.  To  test  this  hypothesis  the  population  of  the  coast  districts 


42 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


and  of  the  interior  districts  has  been  found  separately  for  1887  and 
1899  with  the  following  results: 


Class  of  district. 

Number. 

Population  in  — 

Increase. 

1887. 

1899. 

Absolute. 

IVr  ccllt. 

Coast  districts                       .                

40 
29 

487,  704 
310,861 

573,  4M 
379,  759 

85,780 
68,898 

17.6 

•2-2.  -2 

Inland  districts  

From  these  figures  it  appears  that  the  average  increase  of  population 
in  the  interior  has  been  more  rapid  than  that  on  the  coast.  If  the 
figures  for  the  coast  cities  of  San  Juan,  Ponce,  and  Mayaguez  had  boon 
excluded  the  difference  would  have  been  more  marked.  The  doprossod 
condition  of  sugar-cane  growing  in  the  West  Indies  of  recent  years 
may  have  played  an  important  part  in  producing  this  difference,  for 
the  growing  of  sugar  cane  is  common  in  the  coast  plains  of  Porto  Rico. 

The  area  of  Porto  Rico,  including  the  adjacent  and  dependent  islands 
of  Vieques,  Culebra,  Mona,  and  Muertos,  has  been  measured  in  con- 
nection with  this  census  and  found  to  be  3,606  square  miles.  But 
owing  to  the  imperfect  surveys  on  which  all  maps  of  Porto  Rico  are 
based,  there  must  be  a  considerable  and  indeterminate  margin  of  pos- 
sible error  in  any  such  measurement.  The  island  is  about  three  times 
the  size  of  Long  Island,  which  was  in  1890  perhaps  the  largest  insular 
division  of  the  United  States.  It  is  also  slightly  greater  than  the 
eastern  shore  of  Maryland  (3,461  square  miles). 

The  relative  sizes  of  the  larger  West  Indies  areas  follows:  Cuba, 
the  greatest,  is  about  equal  in  area  to  all  the  rest  combined.  Haiti, 
the  second,  is  about  two-thirds  the  size  of  Cuba,  while  on  the  other 
hand  it  is  seven  times  the  size  of  Jamaica  and  eight  times  the  size  of 
Porto  Rico.  Porto  Rico,  again,  is  more  than  double  the  size  of  the 
fifth  island,  Trinidad,  which  is  itself  about  three  times  the  size  of  the 
sixth  island,  Guadeloupe. 

The  area,  population,  and  density  of  population  of  the  seven  depart- 
ments of  Porto  Rico  are  given  below. 


Department. 

Area  in 
square 
miles. 

Population. 

PeraoDfl 

to  a 
square 
mile. 

Guayama  

561 

Ill  986 

200 

II  Minn  can  

11:; 

88  501 

214 

Ponce  

822 

203  191 

247 

A  reel  bo.  .  . 

»;•>! 

162  308 

261 

Bayamon  

542 

160  046 

295 

MavuKUGZ 

407 

127  566 

313 

Aguadilla  

240 

99  645 

416 

Porto  Rico  

:;  IK  it; 

'ir.:;  "|:; 

''64 

Porto  Kieo  ha>  !^',4  persons  to  ;i  square  mile.     This  density  of  popu- 
lation is  about  the  same  as  in  Now  Jersey,  nearly  twice  that  in  IVnnsyl- 


CENSUS  OF  PORTO  RICO  1899. 


Ofr-l     "1°    l^r\%°i\>%l% 

I  I     \     '•  "'   i      '.J   So  i , 

vx  J°  -  -  '        ..     ?n  J       ?  s,   I      J      . 


URBAN    POPULATION.  43 

vania,  and  thrice  that  in  Illinois.  It  is  more  than  seven  times  that  of 
Cuba  and  nearly  twice  that  of  Hahana  province. 

The  table  puts  in  a  clear  light  the  slight  difference  between  the  vari- 
ous departments.  Aguadilla  has  hardly  more  than  twice  as  many 
people  to  a  square  mile  as  Guayama.  In  Cuba,  on  the  contrary, 
Habana  province  has  over  nineteen  times  as  man}"  people  to  a  square 
mile  as  Puerto  Principe.  This  remarkable  evenness  of  settlement  in 
Porto  Rico  extends  to  the  69  municipal  districts,  the  densit}T  of  which 
is  shown  on  the  map  opposite  this  page.  The  least  settled  district  has 
58  persons  to  a  square  mile,  or  about  the  same  number  as  Indiana. 
The  densities  of  these  districts  range  about  264,  the  density  for  the 
island,  and  depart  from  it  by  an  average  amount  of  106  units,  or  40 
per  cent  of  that  number. 

On  comparing  the  preceding  table  with  an  earlier  one  showing  the 
rate  of  increase  in  each  province  during  the  past  twelve  years,  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  two  departments,  the  population  of  which  has  been 
increasing  most  rapidly,  arc  two  of  the  four  in  which  the  density  of 
population  is  below  the  moan  for  the  island.  This  suggests  that  the 
evenness  of  settlement  now  so  conspicuous  is  not  decreasing,  but 
rather  the  reverse.  The  table  shows  also  that  each  department  along 
the  northern  coast  is  more  thickly  settled  than  is  the  department 
immediately  south  of  it,  viz,  Bavamon  than  GuajTama,  Arecibo  than 
Ponce,  and  Aguadilla  than  Mayjlguez. 

URBAN  POPULATION. 

[See  Table  IV.] 

The  people  of  Porto  Rico  are,  in  the  main,  a  rural  community. 
There  are  no  large  cities  in  the  island,  the  largest  two  being  San  Juan, 
which,  regarding  the  entire  municipal  district  as  a  city,  had  a  popula- 
tion of  32.048.  and  Ponce,  which  with  its  port  constituted  practical! v 
one  city,  with  a  population  of  27,952.  These  are  the  only  two  cities 
exceeding  25,000  inhabitants.  The  next  city  in  magnitude  is  Maya- 
guez,  on  the  west  coast,  with  a  population  of  15,187.  The  only  other 
city  exceeding  8,000  inhabitants  is  Arecibo,  with  a  population  of  8,008. 
The  total  urban  population  of  the  island  contained  in  cities  exceeding 
8,000  inhabitants  each  was  83,195,  or  only  8.7  per  cent  of  the  popula- 
tion of  the  island.  This  is  a  much  smaller  proportion  than  in  Cuba, 
where  the  corresponding  figures  are  32.3  per  cent,  or  in  the  United 
States,  where  the  corresponding  proportion  in  1890  was  29.2  per  cent. 

There  were  in  Porto  Rico  57  cities,  each  having  a  population  of  1,000 
or  more.  The  total  urban  population  of  the  island,  under  this  defini- 
tion, numbered  203,792,  or  21.4  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  inhabi- 
tants of  the  island.  Similar  figures  for  Cuba  show  47.1  per  cent  of 
the  population  of  that  island  to  be  urban. 


44 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


The  number  of  urban  inhabitants  in  each  department  of  Porto  Rico, 
with  the  proportion  it  bears  to  the  total  population  of  the  department, 
is  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Department. 

Total  popu- 
lation. 

Urban 
population 
(1,000+). 

Percent- 
age ur- 
ban to 
total. 

Aguadilla  .     .  .                   

99,645 

15,518 

15.6 

Arecibo 

162  308 

21  166 

13  0 

Bayamon                                                        

160,046 

46,  ?28 

29.2 

Guavama.                            ...         

111,986 

26,829 

24.0 

Humacao  

88,501 

18,219 

20.6 

Mavaguez  . 

127,566 

29,463 

23  1 

Ponce  

203,191 

4.">,  M'.'.t 

22.6 

Total    .          .           

953,  243 

203,792 

21  4 

From  the  above  it  is  seen  that  the  smallest  proportion  of  urban 
population  was  in  the  department  of  Arecibo,  where  it  constituted  13 
per  cent  of  all  the  inhabitants.  From  this  it  ranged  to  29.2  per  cent 
in  Bayamon  department.  The  range  in  the  proportion  among  the 
different  departments  was  small  compared  with  the  corresponding 
range  in  Cuba. 

CENTER  OF  POPULATION. 

The  center  of  population  for  Porto  Rico  has  been  computed  for  the 
inhabitants  as  distributed  in  1899,  and  the  center  of  area  of  the  island 
has  also  been  computed.  The  center  of  population  is  the  center  of 
gravity  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  country.  If  Porto  Rico  were  a  plane 
surface  without  weight  and  were  loaded  with  its  inhabitants  distrib- 
uted as  they  were  in  1899,  each  inhabitant  being  supposed  to  have  the 
same  weight,  the  center  of  population  would  be  the  point  about  which 
all  parts  of  the  island  would  balance. 

The  center  of  area  is  similar  if  we  substitute  square  miles  or  square 
yards  for  population.  If  the  island  be  conceived  as  a  plane  surface 
of  uniform  thickness  and  density,  the  center  of  area  would  be  the  point 
about  which  all  parts  of  it  would  balance. 

The  method  of  computing  the  centers  of  population  and  of  area  has 
been  described  in  the  reports  of  the  United  States  Census,  and  in  the 
report  upon  the  census  of  Cuba,  so  that  it  is  unnecessary  to  repeat  it 
in  this  connection. 

The  center  of  population  of  Porto  Rico  was  situated  at  a  point  6.6 
miles  west  and  2.4  miles  north  of  the  little  town  of  Barros.  This  point 
is  near  the  southeastern  corner  of  the  municipal  district  of  Ciales,  in 
the  department  of  Arecibo. 

The  center  of  area  is  situated  3  miles  north  and  2.1  miles  west  of  the 
town  of  Barros,  and  is  thus  0.6  mile  north  and  4.5  miles  east  of  the 
center  of  population.  It  is  situated  in  the  southern  part  of  the  munici- 
pal district  of  Morovis,  in  the  department  of  Arecibo.  Owing  to  the 
inaccuracy  of  the  maps  of  Porto  Rico  it  is  impracticable  to  express 


CENSUS  OF  PORTO  RICO   1899  . 


PORTO    RICO 

SHOWING 

POPULATION,    BY    AGE    AND    SEX 


AGE  GROUPS 

90  -    100 


PCRCCNTS 


AHoen&Co.B«lto  Lith. 


SEX. 


45 


its  location  in  terms  of  latitude  and  longitude.  That  the  center  of 
population  is  slightly  south  and  between  4  and  5  miles  west  of  the 
geographical  center  is  evidence  that  the  western  half  of  the  island  is 
more  thickly  settled  than  the  eastern  and  the  southern  half  has  slightly 
more  residents  than  the  northern. 

SEX. 

[See  Tables  V  and  VI.] 

In  a  total  population  of  953,243  Porto  Rico  had  8,721  more  females 
than  males,  an  excess  amounting  to  0.9  per  cent  of  the  total  popula- 
tion. In  1887  the  excess  of  females  in  the  dejure  population  was  only 
478,  and  in  the  de  facto  population  the  males  were  523  in  excess.  In 
1860  the  males  outnumbered  the  females  by  9,653,  or  1.7  per  cent  of 
the  total  population.  It  appears  thus  that  the  proportion  of  females 
is  slowly  increasing.  An  excess  of  that  sex  was  found  in  six  of  the 
seven  departments  into  which  the  island  is  divided.  The  following 
table  gives  the  absolute  excess  of  males  or  females  in  each  department 
and  the  ratio  which  this  excess  bears  to  the  total  population  of  the 
department: 


Department. 

Absolute  excess 
of- 

Ratio  of  excess  to 
total  population. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

3,588 
2,066 
1,554 
1,197 
533 
506 

2.2 
1.6 
1.4 
1.2 
0.6 
0.3 

Guayama  .        

Humacao 

Arecibo  

Ponce 

723 

0.4 

Porto  Rico  

8,721 

0.9 

In  no  department  did  the  excess  of  females  equal  the  average  excess 
of  males  in  the  island  of  Cuba  (3.6  per  cent)  or  the  excess  of  females 
found  in  many  other  West  India  islands.  As  a  marked  inequality  of 
the  two  sexes  is  usually  a  result  and  evidence  of  considerable  migra- 
tion into  or  away  from  the  district  under  consideration,  so  an  approxi- 
mate equality  in  the  numbers  of  the  two  sexes,  both  in  the  island  as  a 
whole  and  in  its  several  departments,  is  probably  connected  with  the 
slight  amount  of  immigration,  emigration,  or  migration  within  the 
island,  and  also  with  the  small  urban  population,  since  an  urban  popu- 
lation usually  contains  a  decided  excess  of  females.  The  two  depart- 
ments in  which  the  ratio  of  males  was  highest  are  also  the  two  which 
are  growing  most  rapidly.  This  may  point  to  some  immigration  of 
males  to  Ponce  and  Arecibo  from  other  parts  of  Porto  Rico. 

When  the  several  municipal  districts  are  examined  with  regard  to 
the  proportion  of  the  two  sexes,  the  three  small  outlying  islands  are 
found  to  have  an  excess  of  males,  but  among  the  sixty-eight  districts 


46 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


of  Porto  Rico  proper  it  appears  that  the  coast  districts  in  rather  more 
cases  than  the  inland  and  upland  districts  have  an  excess  of  females,  as 
seen  by  the  following  table: 


Class  of  district. 

Total 
number. 

Number  with  ex- 
cess of  — 

Males. 

Females. 

Coast  districts  

39 
29 

11 
15 

28 
14 

68 

26 

42 

Of  the  inland  districts  one-half  and  of  the  coast  districts  only  about 
one-fourth,  have  an  excess  of  males. 

In  the  coast  districts  48.5  per  cent  of  the  population  are  male, 
while  in  the  inland  districts  51  per  cent  are  male.  The  three  coast 
cities,  San  Juan,  Ponce,  and  Mayaguez,  collectively,  contain  48.5 
per  cent  of  males,  or  the  same  as  for  the  coast  districts  as  a  whole. 
The  percentage  of  males,  therefore,  in  the  inland  districts  is  percep- 
tibly higher  than  along  the  coast. 

AGE. 

[See  Tables  VIII  and  IX.] 

Probably  the  best  single  and  simple  expression  for  the  age  of  a  great 
number  of  people  like  the  inhabitants  of  Porto  Rico  is  what  is  called 
the  median  age;  that  is,  the  age  such  that  half  the  members  of  the 
population  group  under  consideration  are  younger  and  half  are  older. 
To  compute  it  accurately,  the  census  tables  should  present  the  ages  by 
single  years.  That  information  being  given,  it  is  easy  to  ascertain 
within  what  single  year  of  life  the  median  age  must  lie.  It  is  then 
assumed  that  within  the  year  of  age  thus  fixed  the  persons  were  evenly 
distributed;  in  other  words,  that  there  were  as  many  persons  living  in 
the  first  tenth  of  the  year  as  in  each  other  tenth.  In  this  way  the 
median  age  of  the  population  of  the  Unit.ed  States  in  1890  has  been 
fixed  at  21.9  years.  The  present  census  of  Porto  Rico  reports  ages 
above  5  not  by  single  years  but  by  periods  of  years,  usually  five,1 
and,  accordingly,  to  get  the  median  age  it  has  been  necessary  to  dis- 
tribute the  population  of  Porto  Rico  for  one  age  period  to  the  single 
years.  In  so  doing  it  has  been  assumed  that  the  number  of  each  year 
of  age  in  that  period  bears  the  same  proportion  to  the  total  in  Porto 
Rico  that  it  does  in  the  United  States.  The  median  age  in  Porto  Rico 

'The  division  of  the  group  15-19  at  17  enables  one  to  know  the  population  of  school 
age,  5-17,  and  that  of  age  to  serve  in  the  militia,  18-44.  The  division  of  the  group 
20-24  at  20  enables  one  to  know  the  potential  voters.  The  division  of  the  group  0-4 
into  .single  years  allows  a  .study  of  the  balance  between  birth  rate  and  death  rate 
during  the  early  years,  before  it  is  seriously  affected  by  migration. 


CENSUS  OF  PORTO  RICO   1899. 


^i-Ot  <>,;- --->!' 

I~     T'i     <   I  '-<          IT/ 

.--E-fr -.-'-,    8      ,'    „»      jj.  g^l 

€I  c  -i"          Jft 


*  p 

^    ^So       ,^_|^4fl 
L   V-^H  S   §  bN4i 

I      .  i-        ;  ^-v-  pj 

i,u    iv  JV^ 

i1t)Rw 

•*~x  ''r'1° rT^sw^ 


ja 
A 


it 

L 


<~n*\ 


•^Js4Yt\  ^i? 

:       \       %t,  ;  ,5  /  ,a  -  cS 

|     ,        £'t¥C>f 

H>  ,'  i      /     ?<j  \      . ~      x 


AGE. 


47 


as  thus  found  is  18.1  years.  That  in  Cuba  is  20.7  years,  and  in  the 
United  States  in  1890  it  was  21.9  years.  The  people  in  Porto  Rico, 
therefore,  are  more  than  2  years  younger  than  those  in  Cuba  and 
nearly  4  years  younger  than  those  in  the  United  States.  While  the 
median  age  in  Porto  Rico  is  much  below  that  in  Cuba  or  in  the  whole 
United  States,  it  is  higher  than  that  in  seven  American  states  in  1890, 
including  most  of  those  with  a  large  negro  population.  The  median 
age  of  the  several  departments  of  Porto  Rico  is  as  follows: 


Department. 

Median 
age. 

Guavama  

17.3 

Arecibo 

17  6 

Humacao                                                   

17.7 

Aguadilla  

17.9 

Bavamon                                                                  

18.2 

Ponce  

18.5 

Mavaguez  

19.1 

The  populations  of  the  7  provinces  differ  comparatively  little  in 
median  age,  the  range  between  Guayama  and  Mavaguez  being  less 
than  two  years,  while  in  Cuba  the  range  between  the  6  provinces 
is  over  five  years,  and  in  the  United  States  the  range  between  the  49 
divisions  for  which  the  age  constitution  was  reported  in  1890  was  no 
los  than  twelve  years.  This  uniformity  in  age  composition  of  the 
several  departments  of  Porto  Rico  is  another  statistical  witness  to  the 
similarity  of  economic  and  social  conditions  throughout  the  island. 

In  the  preceding  table  one  may  notice,  however,  that  the  three 
departments  of  Bavamon,  Ponce,  and  Mavaguez,  containing  the  only 
cities  of  much  size  in  Porto  Rico,  are  the  three  in  which  the  median 
age  is  greatest.  It  may  be  that  these  two  facts  are  connected,  that  is, 
that  the  population  of  these  cities  has  so  high  a  median  age  as  to  raise 
that  for  the  departments  in  which  they  lie.  To  test  the  fact  the  fol- 
lowing table  has  been  constructed,  showing  the  median  age  for  these 
three  cities  and  that  for  the  rest  of  the  department  containing  the 
city.  The  former  has  been  called  the  urban  and  the  latter  the  rural 
population. 


Department. 

Median  age  of  — 

Differ- 
ence. 

Urban 
popula- 
tion. 

Rural 
popula- 
tion. 

Bayamon  

22.3 
21.9 
22.2 

16.7 
18.6 
17.7 

5.6 
3.3 
4.5 

Mavaguez  

Ponce  

Porto  Rico  

22.2 

17.7 

4.5 

From  the  preceding  table  it  appears  that  the  median  age  of  the 
rural  population  in  Bavamon,  Ponce,  and  Mavaguez  averages  below 
that  for  the  entire  island,  but  that  the  median  age  of  the  three  large 


48 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


cities,  Mayaguez,  Ponce,  and  San  Juan,  is  from  three  to  five  years 
higher  than  that  for  the  rural  districts  in  the  same  department 
Hence  the  hypothesis  which  the  table  was  designed  to  test  is  estab- 
lished. The  population  of  these  three  cities  treated  as  a  unit  has  a 
median  age  of  22.2,  while  the  median  age  for  the  rest  of  Porto  Rico 
is  only  17. 7  years.  The  average  difference  between  city  and  country 
in  Porto  Rico  is  more  than  double  that  between  the  two  most  widely 
divergent  departments. 

The  median  age  is  a  summary  expression  of  the  age  constitution  and 
gives  only  a  preliminary  idea  of  the  facts.  The  analysis  is  carried  a 
step  farther  by  the  following  table,  in  which  the  three  population 
groups  are  compared  in  more  detail.  The  table  states  the  proportion 
that  the  number  of  persons  in  each  ten-year  period  from  the  begin- 
ning to  the  end  of  life  made  of  the  total  population  of  all  ages. 

Age  constitution  of  the  population  of  Porto  Rico,  by  ten-year  periods,  compared  uith  tlutt 
of  Cuba  and  the  United  States. 


Age  period. 

Per  cent  of  total  population 
in  age  period  named. 

Porto 
Rico. 

Cuba. 

United 

States 
(1890). 

0-9                                .             

30.9 
22.8 
18.1 
11.7 
7.4 
5.1 
2.6 
0.9 
0.4 
0.1 

22.7 
25.3 
18.5 
13.9 
9.2 
5.8 
3.1 
1.0 
0.4 
0.1 

24.3 
21.7 
is.:; 
13.5 
9.4 
6.4 
3.9 
1.8 
0.4 

10-19  

20-29                                                       .     . 

30-39                                         

40-49                          

50-59  

60-69                                                     .     . 

70-79                                

80-89  

90-99 

100+                                      

Unknown  

0.3 

Total                                 .                      

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

This  table  shows  that  the  proportion  of  children  under  ten  in  Porto 
Rico  is  notably  higher  than  it  is  in  Cuba  or  the  United  States.  It  is 
also  much  higher  than  in  most  countries  of  Europe,  for  the  only 
European  country  with  a  higher  proportion  among  the  eighteen  men- 
tioned in  an  accessible  summary  of  recent  censuses1  is  Bulgaria,  in 
which  31.5  per  cent  of  the  population  was  reported  by  the  census  of 
1888  as  under  ten.  There  is  no  American  state  in  which,  by  the  cen- 
sus of  1890,  the  proportion  of  children  under  ten  was  as  large  as  it  is 
in  Porto  Rico.  If  the  population  of  the  United  States  be  taken  as  the 
standard,  the  population  of  Porto  Rico  contains  many  more  young 
children,  a  few  more  children  in  their  teens,  about  the  same  propor- 
tion of  persons  in  the  twenties,  but  a  noticeably  smaller  proportion  of 
persons  in  each  subsequent  decennial  period  until  the  ages  of  eighty 
and  over,  when  the  proportions  are  apparently  about  the  same  as  in 
the  United  States,  or  even  greater.  Of  persons  over  sixty  there  are 
in  Porto  Rico  only  40  in  1,000,  while  in  the  United  States  there  are 

1  Allgeineines  Statistisches  Archiv  III,  472  (1894). 


AGE. 


49 


(\'2.  If  we  assume  that  in  both  countries  children  under  ten  and  aged 
persons  over  seventy  are  supported  by  persons  between  ten  and  sev- 
enty, then  in  Porto  Rico  there  would  be  47  such  dependents,  young  or 
old,  for  every  100  persons  between  ten  and  seventy,  while  in  the  United 
States  there  would  be  only  36. 

There  are  fewer  elderly  persons  over  sixty  in  Porto  Rico  than  in 
the  United  States  or  Cuba,  and  all  three  have  a  lower  proportion  of 
agod  persons  than  any  of  the  eighteen  countries  of  Europe.  The  small 
proportion  in  Porto  Rico  is  due  in  part  to  the  rapid  growth  of  popu- 
lation, but  also  in  large  degree  to  the  short  average  lifetime  of  the 
people,  resulting  from  unsanitary  conditions,  ignorance  regarding  care 
for  the  health,  and  poverty,  all  of  which  are  widely  prevalent  among 
certain  classes. 

The  analysis  may  be  carried  one  step  farther  by  finding  the  propor- 
tion of  the  population  belonging  to  each  period  of  five  years  between 
birth  and  death.  The  results,  in  comparison  with  those  for  the  United 
States  and  Cuba,  and  also  with  an  artificial  stationary  population  from 
which  the  errors  due  to  misstatement  of  age  or  to  uneven  growth  of 
population  have  been  excluded,  are  contained  in  the  following  table: 

Age  constitution  of  the  population  of  Porto  Rico  compared  with  that  of  Cuba  and  the 
( 'nited  States,  by  fire-year  age  periods. 


Age  period. 

Porto 
Rico. 

Cuba. 

United 
States 
(1890). 

Fair's 
English 
Ifle 
table. 

0-4... 

15.8 

8.3 

12.2 

9.8 

5-9  ... 

15  1 

14  4 

12  1 

8  8 

10-U  .  .. 

13.0 

14.0 

11.2 

8.5 

15-19  

9.8 

11.3 

10.5 

8.2 

20-24  .  .  . 

9.3 

9.7 

9.9 

7.9 

25-29... 

8  8 

8  7 

8  4 

7  6 

30-34  

6.8 

7.6 

7  3 

7  2 

35-39.. 

5  0 

6  3 

6  2 

6  8 

40-44  

4.6 

5.4 

5  1 

6.4 

45-49.. 

2  8 

3  8 

4  4 

5  9 

50-54.... 

3.5 

3.7 

3  7 

5  4 

55-59. 

1  6 

2  2 

2  7 

4  8 

60-61  

1.9 

2.2 

2  3 

4.2 

65-69  

0.7 

0.9 

1.6 

3.4 

70-74... 

0.6 

0.7 

1.1 

2.4 

75-79  

0.2 

0.3 

0.6 

1.5 

80-84  

0.3 

0.3 

0.3 

0.8 

85-89  

0.1 

0.1 

0.1 

0.3 

90-94  

0.1 

0.1 

0.1 

95-99  

100+  

Unknown  .   . 

0.3 

Total  

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

The  great  number  of  young  children  previously  noted  is  emphasized 
by  the  preceding  table.  In  each  of  the  first  two  age  periods  there  are 
about  3  more  children  to  100  of  the  total  population  than  there  are 
in  the  United  States;  that  is,  in  an  average  100  Porto  Ricans  there 
are  between  6  and  T  more  children  under  10  than  there  are  in  an  aver- 
age 100  Americans.  Porto  Rico  has  a  larger  proportion  of  children 
under  5  than  any  American  state  in  1890.  and  a  larger  proportion  of 
children  between  5  and  10  than  any  American  state  in  1890,  except 
8490—00 ± 


50 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


South  Carolina  and  Mississippi.  This  large  proportion  of  young  chil- 
dren witnesses  clearly  to  a  very  high  birth  rate  on  the  island,  and  there- 
fore, as  the  population  has  not  increased  with  very  great  rapidity 
and  has  not  been  much  influenced  by  immigration  or  emigration,  it 
testifies  indirectly  to  a  very  high  death  rate. 

An  examination  of  the  preceding  table  shows  also  that  during  adult 
life,  and  especially  the  later  years,  the  proportions,  and  therefore  the 
numbers,  in  Porto  Rico  belonging  to  the  successive  quinquennial  groups 
vary  irregularly.  For  example,  the  proportion  of  persons  between 
50  and  55  is  much  larger  than  the  proportion  of  persons  between  45 
and  50.  One  would  expect  the  number  in  each  group  through  middle 
life  to  fall  below  that  of  the  next  younger  group  by  a  somewhat  con- 
stant proportion.  That  it  does  not  is  perhaps  sufficiently  obvious 
from  the  table,  but  the  fact  is  more  distinctly  brought  out  in  the  fol- 
lowing derivative  table: 

Number  and  per  cent  by  which  the  reported  population  at  the  age  group  named  fell  below 
the  number  in  the  preceding  age  group. 


Age  group. 

Difference 
between 
group  named 
and  preced- 
ing quin- 
quennial 
group. 

Per  cent  that 
difference 
makes  of 
total  in  pre- 
ceding 
quinquennial 
group. 

10-14. 

-19,193 

13.3 

15-19  

—31,205 

25.0 

20-24                                                  

—  4,673 

5.0 

25-29  .                     

—  4,210 

4.7 

30-34                                                                          .     .  . 

-19  948 

23.6 

35-39                                                 .  .                

—16,  761 

26.0 

40-44                        

—  3,310 

6.9 

45-49  

—17,  849 

40.3 

50-54                                                                       

+  6,474 

24.5 

55-59  .                                               

-17,541 

53.3 

60-64  

+  3,056 

19.9 

65-69 

—11,707 

63.6 

70-74  .                     .                         

-      433 

6.4 

75-79  

-  3,863 

61.8 

80-84  

+      276 

11.5 

85-89                                  .                             

—  1,886 

70.9 

90-94  

—      105 

13.5 

95-99  

-      368 

55.0 

Such  irregularity  in  the  decrease  with  advancing  years  is  counter  to 
all  the  probabilities  in  the  case.  The  most  simple  hypothesis  that 
arises  to  explain  it  is  errors  in  the  reporting  of  ages.  Where  such 
errors  occur  they  reveal  themselves  in  the  large  number  of  persons 
whose  age  is  reported  as  a  multiple  of  5  or  especially  of  10.  Hence,  as 
a  result  of  this  tendency,  quinquennial  groups  containing  a  multiple  of 
10  are  erroneously  swollen  and  the  intervening  groups  correspondingly 
diminished.  An  examination  of  the  preceding  table  will  show  that 
this  is  true  of  the  reported  ages  in  Porto  Rico.  Farther  evidence  of 
the  irregularity  may  be  found  in  the  following  table.  The  number  of 
persons  in  each  quinquennial  group  has  been  compared  with  half  the 
sum  of  the  numbers  in  the  groups  immediately  preceding  and  follow- 
ing. If  the  curve  representing  the  population  by  age  groups  were  a 
straight  descending  line  (for  a  stationary  population  and  through  the 


CENSUS  OF  PORTO  RICO  1899 


PORTO  RICO 


CONJUGAL  CONDITION 


I  SINGLE 

jj  MARRIED 

"j  LIVING  TOGETHER 

I  WIDOWED 

WAGE    EARNERS 
BY    RACE    AND    NATIVITY 


|  I  AGRICULTURE 

|  TRADE   AND  TRANSPORTATION 

I  MANUFACTURES   AND   MINING 

I  PERSONAL   SERVICE 

]  NATIVE    WHITE 

[  {  FOREIGN    WHITE 

i         ~<  COLORED 


RACE,  NATIVITY  AND  SEX 


:      :      I 


J     NATIVE    WHITE 
]]    FOREIGN    WHITE 
[  |     COLORED 


j     FEMALE 

OCCUPATIONS 

BY    SEX 

1 

. 

S^s 

. 

. 

]     AGRICULTURE 

|     TRADE   AND  TRANSPORTATION 

1      MANUFACTURES   AND   MINING 


PERSONAL   SERVICE 
NO   OCCUPATION 
FEMALE 


AHoenS  Co.BiltaLith. 


AGE. 


51 


years  of  adult  life  it  closely  approaches  a  straight  line),  the  number 
thus  found  would  in  each  case  be  100  per  cent.  The  departures  from 
100  per  cent,  therefore,  in  the  following  table  measure  approximately, 
and  the  departures  from  the  figures  in  the  first  column  measure  more 
accurately,  the  irregularity  and  probable  error  in  the  reported  ages  in 
Porto  Rico.  Columns  for  the  United  States  and  Cuba  are  introduced 
for  comparison. 

Per  cent  that  population  in  each  quinquennial  group  makes  of  the  arithmetical  mean  of 
population  in  the  next  younger  and  next  older  groups. 


Age  group. 

English 
life  table, 
No.  3. 

Porto 
Rico. 

Cuba. 

United 
States 
(1890). 

5-9... 

84.2 

104.6 

128.8 

103.2 

10-14               .  .             

96.8 

105.2 

109.0 

99.6 

15-19  

100.4 

87.6 

95.4 

99.2 

20-24 

100.4 

99.8 

.     97.0 

105.2 

25-29                        .         ...                

100.2 

105.4 

101.2 

97.0 

30-34  

100.2 

97.7 

100.4 

100.6 

35-39 

100.2 

87.7 

97.4 

99.6 

40-44                

100.2 

119.6 

107.2 

96.6 

45-49  

100.4 

68.6 

83.8 

99.2 

50-54 

100.6 

157.5 

123.0 

105.6 

65-59       

101.0 

59.9 

73.4 

88.4 

60-54 

101.4 

167.9 

144.0 

108.6 

65-69                         

101.6 

54.3 

60.6 

93.6 

70-74  

100.4 

128.3 

128.4 

100.0 

75-79 

95.8 

54.3 

53.8 

86.8 

80-84  

85.8 

175.0 

157.2 

87.0 

85-89  

69.6 

47.1 

42.4 

66.2 

90-94  

50.4 

140.0 

146.4 

58.4 

By  disregarding  the  first  two  age  groups  and  finding  for  each  fol- 
lowing group  the  differences  between  the  figures  in  the  first  column 
and  those  in  each  other  column,  one  obtains  a  measure  of  the  real  or 
alleged  excess  or  deficiency  of  population  in  certain  age  periods. 

Measure  of  excess  (  +  )  or  deficiency  (— )  of  population  in  age  group  named. 


Age  group. 

Porto  Rico. 

Cuba. 

United 
States 
(1890). 

15-19... 

—12.8 

—  5.0 

—  1.2 

20-24  .     . 

—  0  6 

—  3  4 

+  48 

25-29  

+  5.2 

+  1.0 

—  3.2 

30-34  .                  .... 

—  2  5 

+  02 

+  04 

35-39  

—12.5 

—  2.8 

—  0  6 

40-44..         .   . 

+19  4 

+  70 

—  3  6 

45-19  

—31.8 

—16.6 

—  1  2 

50-54... 

+56  9 

+22  4 

+  50 

55-59  

—41.1 

—27.6 

—12  6 

60-64  

+66.5 

+42.6 

+  7.2 

65-69  

—47.3 

—41  0 

—  8  0 

70-74  

+37.9 

+28.0 

—  0.4 

75-79  

—41  5 

—42  0 

—  9  0 

80-84  

+89.2 

+71.4 

+  1.2 

85-89  

—22  1 

—27  2 

—  3  4 

90-94  

+89.6 

+96.0 

+  8.0 

In  all  three  countries  the  population  in  age  groups  including  a  mul- 
tiple of  10  was  usually  in  excess,  and  that  in  other  age  groups  in 
deficiency.  In  Cuba  the  deviation  from  the  standard  after  the  age  of 
30  was  greater  and  in  most  instances  many  times  greater  than  in  the 
United  States,  and  in  Porto  Rico  with  few  exceptions  it  was  much 
greater  than  in  Cuba.  In  the  United  States  where  ages  are  reported 


52 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


by  single  years  it  can  easily  be  shown  that  the  irregularity  of  the  age 
curve  is  due  to  the  reporting  of  ages  as  30,  40,  etc.,  when  the  persons 
are  near  but  not  at  those  ages.  This  tendency  is  most  marked  among 
the  uneducated.  The  preceding  table  shows  that  in  both  of  the  Spanish 
West  India  islands  a  similar  tendency  is  at  work  with  greater  effect 
than  in  the  United  States,  and  that  in  Porto  Rico  it  is  more  influ- 
ential than  in  Cuba.  Minor  differences  between  the  three  countries 
may  also  be  traced  in  the  table.  Thus,  in  both  the  West  India  islands, 
especially  in  Cuba,  there  seems  to  be  a  depletion  of  the  age  period  20 
to  24  and  a  concentration  on  the  following  5-year  period,  while  in  the 
United  States  the  reverse  is  true.  On  the  other  hand,  here  is  a  very 
marked  concentration  in  both  islands  on  the  age  periods  40  to  44  and 
70  to  74  which  is  lacking  in  the  United  States,  where  there  is  a  curious 
avoidance  of  those  periods  in  the  reporting  of  ages. 

In  a  single  case  this  explanation  may  be  further  tested.  In  Table 
IX  the  number  of  persons  20  years  of  age  is  given  as  well  as  those 
21-24.  In  Farr's  Life  Table  the  persons  20  years  of  age  are  20.3  per 
cent  of  the  total  in  the  group  20-24.  In  the  United  States  the  propor- 
tion for  both  sexes  was  20.7,  but  as  males  in  the  United  States  are  fond 
of  saying  they  are  of  voting  age,  and  the  year  21  is  a  favored  one  with 
them,  it  may  be  better  to  compare  the  Porto  Rican  figures  for  this 
group  with  those  for  females  in  the  United  States.  Of  all  females  in 
the  United  States  20-24,  22.4  per  cent  reported  themselves  as  20  years 
of  age.  In  Porto  Rico,  on  the  contrary,  of  all  persons  20-24,  33.6  per 
cent  reported  themselves  as  20.  This  confirms  the  explanation  already 
offered,  that  the  Porto  Ricans  stated  their  age  in  round  numbers  as  some 
multiple  of  ten  far  more  commonly  than  the  Americans  did  in  1890. 

The  per  cent  of  the  total  population  of  each  department  belonging 
to  each  quinquennial  age  period  is  shown  in  the  following  table: 

Per  cent  of  total  population  belonging  to  age  period  stated. 


Age  period. 

Aguadilla. 

Arecibo. 

Bayamon. 

Guayama. 

Humacao. 

Mayaguez. 

Ponce. 

0-4  .. 

16  2 

15  9 

15.8 

16.7 

16.5 

14  7 

15.3 

6-9  

15.2 

15.8 

14.9 

15.7 

15.1 

13.9 

14.9 

10-14  

13.0 

13.2 

12.9 

13.2 

13.3 

12.8 

13.0 

16-19  

9.6 

9.7 

9.9 

9.5 

9.4 

10.3 

9.9 

20-24  

8.9 

9.2 

9.3 

9.0 

8.7 

9.5 

9.8 

25-29... 

8.5 

8.9 

9.0 

8.7 

8.4 

8.7 

9.2 

30-34  

6.8 

6.9 

6.6 

6.6 

6.4 

7.0 

6.8 

35-39  

4.9 

5.0 

5.1 

4.7 

4.9 

5.2 

r>.  o 

40-44... 

4.7 

4.6 

4.5 

4.6 

4.6 

6.0 

4.6 

45-49  

2.7 

2.5 

2.9 

2.6 

3.1 

3.0 

2.8 

50-64... 

3.5 

3.3 

3.2 

3.4 

3.6 

3.7 

3.5 

66-69  

1.7 

1.4 

1.7 

1.6 

1.7 

1.8 

1.5 

60-64  

2.0 

1.8 

2.0 

1.9 

2.1 

2.1 

1.8 

65-69  

0.8 

0.6 

0.8 

0.6 

0.8 

0.8 

0.6 

70-74  

0.7 

0.6 

0.7 

0.6 

0.7 

0.7 

0.6 

75-79... 

0.3 

0.2 

0.3 

0.2 

0.2 

0.3 

0.2 

80-84           

0  3 

0.2 

0.2 

0.3 

0.3 

0.3 

0.3 

85-S9  

0.1 

0.1 

0.1 

0.1 

0.1 

0.1 

0.1 

90-94 

0.1 

0  1 

0.1 

0.1 

0.1 

0  1 

0  1 

95-99  

100+  

Unknown  

Total  

100.0 

100  0 

100  0 

100.0 

100.0 

100  0 

100.0 

AGE.  53 

This  table  throws  some  light  upon  the  table  already  given  (p.  47), 
showing  median  age  by  departments.  For  example,  from  the  for- 
mer table  it  appeared  that  the  median  age  in  Mayaguez  was  more 
than  half  a  year  higher  than  that  of  any  other  department.  From  the 
present  table  it  appears  that  Ma}raguez  has  a  smaller  proportion  of 
children  under  15,  and  a  larger  proportion  of  persons  at  each  age 
period  but  one  between  30  and  60,  than  an}'  other  department.  The 
median  age  of  the  population  is  closety  dependent  upon  the  proportion 
of  children  under  15.  This  appears  from  the  following  table,  in  which 
the  departments  are  arranged  in  the  order  of  their  median  age,  and  the 
proportion  of  children  under  15  to  the  total  population  is  given: 


Department. 

Median 
age. 

Proportion 
of  popula- 
tion under 
15  years. 

Guayama  

17.3 

45.6 

Arecibo  . 

17.6 

44  9 

Humacao  

17.7 

44.9 

Aguadilla  

17.9 

44.4 

18.2 

43.6 

Ponce            

18.5 

43.2 

Ma\  atruez  

19.1 

41.4 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  departments  with  a  low  median  age  are 
uniformly  those  with  a  high  proportion  of  children,  while  those  with 
a  high  median  age  are  those  in  which  the  proportion  of  children  is 
smaller. 

In  the  same  way,  the  high  median  age  of  the  urban  population  is  due 
to  the  small  proportion  of  children  under  15  found  in  the  cities  of 
Porto  Rico.  Treating  the  population  of  these  cities  as  a  unit,  it 
appears  that  the  children  under  15  therein  constituted  only  32 
per  cent  of  the  total  population  of  the  cities,  while  in  the  rest  of  Porto 
Rico  such  children  constituted  44.9  per  cent,  a  difference  between  city 
and  country  of  12.9  per  cent,  or  thrice  that  separating  the  two  most 
diverse  departments. 

AGE    AND   SEX. 

In  Porto  Rico  the  median  age  of  the  males  is  17.5  years,  while  that 
of  the  females  is  18. «>  yours;  that  is,  the  females  were  more  than  a 
year  older  than  the  males.  In  the  United  States  in  1890  the  males 
were  four-fifths  of  a  year  older  and  in  Cuba  in  1899  more  than  eight- 
een months  older  than  the  females.  Each  sex  in  Porto  Rico  was  much 
younger  than  the  corresponding  sex  in  Cuba  or  the  United  States. 


54 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


The  greater  age  of  females  is  elucidated  by  the  following  table.  It 
states  the  ratio  between  the  total  number  of  each  sex  in  a  given  quin- 
quennial age  group  and  the  total  of  that  sex  at  all  ages. 


Age  period. 

Per  cent  of  — 

Excess  of  — 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

0-4... 

16.3 
15.4 
13.8 
9.1 
8.8 
8.4 
6.6 
5.1 
4.7 
2.9 
3.4 
1.8 
1.8 
0.8 
0.5 
0.2 
0.2 
0.1 
0.1 

15.3 

14.7 
12.3 
10.5 
9.7 
9.3 
6.9 
4.9 
4.6 
2.7 
3.5 
1.5 
2.1 
0.6 
0.7 
0.2 
0.3 
0.1 
0.1 

1.0 
.7 
1.5 

5-9  

10-14  

15-19  

1.4 
.9 
.9 
.3 

20-24  

25-29  

30-34  

35-39  

.2 

.1 
.2 

40-44.                                             

45-49  

50-54  

.1 

55-59. 

.3 

60-64  

.3 

65-69  

.2 

70-74 

.2 

75-79  

80-84  

.1 

85-89  

90-94 

95-99  

100-f  

Unknown  

Total  

100.0 

100.0 

From  the  preceding  table  it  appears  that  in  Porto  Rico  a  much 
larger  proportion  of  the  males  than  of  the  females  are  under  15,  but 
that  this  difference  is  almost  entirely  offset  by  the  fact  that  among 
females  a  much  greater  proportion  are  between  15  and  30.  The  higher 
median  age  of  females  is  thus  due  to  the  disproportionate  number  of 
males  among  children  and  apparently  of  females  among  young  adults. 
After  the  age  of  30  the  proportion  of  the  two  sexes  remains  almost 
the  same.  It  would  appear  from  the  table,  however,  that  the  propor- 
tion of  males  is  greater  in  the  age  periods  55  to  59  and  65  to  69,  while 
that  of  females  is  greater  in  the  periods  50  to  54,  60  to  64,  70  to  74, 
and  80  to  84.  This  difference  may  plausibly  be  assigned  to  the  greater 
inaccuracy  with  which  the  ages  of  Porto  Rican  women  are  returned. 
As  alreadjr  shown,  a  considerable  number  belonging  outside  the  period 
including  a  multiple  of  ten  have  been  returned  as  in  these  periods,  and 
this  tendency  affecting  women  more  powerfully  than  men  has  distorted 
in  the  table  the  real  balance  of  the  sexes  during  the  higher  age  periods. 
To  determine  whether  this  hypothesis  is  correct  the  following  table 
for  the  two  sexes  has  been  constructed  in  accordance  with  the  method 
previously  explained  (p.  50,  f.): 


CENSUS  OF  PORTO  RICO   1899  . 


DDu 


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RACE. 


55 


Per  cent  that  population  in  each  quinquennial  period  makes  of  the  arithmetical  mean  of 
jx>l>u!atioit  in  the  next  younger  and  next  older  period. 


Age  period. 

Males. 

Females. 

25-29                       

108.1 

112.3    i 

30-34                                

98.4 

96.8 

35-39              

90.6 

84.7 

40-44                                   

117.6 

121.7 

45-49            

70.2 

66.7 

50-54              

148.3 

167.5 

55-59  »  

67.4 

52.8 

60-64                            

143.1 

195.0 

65-69  

63.5 

46.5 

70-74                                                         

114.8 

163.0 

75-79.            

62.9 

46.7 

80-84  

135.8 

198.4 

Inspection  of  this  table  shows  -that,  throughout,  the  females  depart 
more  widely  than  the  males  from  the  normal  of  100  per  cent,  but  that 
this  difference  between  the  two  sexes,  while  constant,  is  comparatively 
slight  up  to  the  age  of  50  years.  Thereafter  it  is  very  striking. 

Corroborative  evidence  may  be  found  in  examining  which  sex  was 
more  fond  of  reporting  the  age  as  exactly  20.  In  a  stationary  popu- 
lation about  20.3  per  cent  of  all  persons  between  20  and  25  are  actually 
20,  but  in  Porto  Rico  32.3  per  cent  of  the  males  and  34.8  per  cent  of 
the  females  20-24  reported  themselves  as  20.  This  shows  that  women's 
tendency  to  answer  in  round  numbers  even  at  this  early  age  is  a  little 
higher  than  men's. 

One  may  safely  conclude  that  erroneous  statements  of  age,  at  least 
after  middle  life,  are  more  common  among  Porto  Rican  women. 
Where  errors  of  age  occur  during  the  later  years,  they  are  likely  to 
exaggerate  the  real  age.  For  example,  in  the  United  States  in  1890, 
among  every  100,000  colored,  128  claimed  to  be  90  years  old  or  more, 
but  among  every  100,000  native  whites  of  native  parents,  only  45 
claimed  to  be  90  or  more,  yet  the  whites  certainly  live  longer.  As 
elderly  Porto  Rican  women  are  more  prone  to  report  their  ages  in 
multiples  of  10,  so  they  are  probably  more  prone  to  exaggerate  their 
age.  and  part  of  the  high  proportion  of  women  70  years  old  or  more 
may  be  thus  explained.  At  the  same  time,  as  general  experience  tes- 
tifies to  a  somewhat  lower  mortality  of  women  in  civilized  countries, 
the  greater  proportion  of  women  in  the  later  ages  may  probably  be 
accepted  as  correct,  although  the  census  figures  exaggerate  the 
difference. 

RACE. 

[See  Tables  V,  VII,  and  IX.] 

With  reference  to  race,  the  population  of  Porto  Rico  is  divided  by 
the  census  into  two  main  classes — those  who  are  and  those  who  are  not 
pure  whites,  or  Caucasians. 


56  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

The  number  belonging  to  each  of  these  two  classes  is  as  follows: 


Race. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

White                                                

689,426 

61.8 

363,817 

38.2 

Total  

953,248 

100.0 

The  word  "colored""  in  the  preceding  table  includes  a  very  few  (75) 
Chinese  and  many  persons  of  mixed  white  and  negro  blood,  as  well  ;i> 
the  pure  negroes.  Somewhat  more  than  three-fifths  of  the  population 
of  Porto  Rico  are  pure  white,  and  nearly  two-fifths  are  partly  or 
entirely  negro.  In  the  following  table  the  proportions  of  white  and 
colored  in  other  West  India  Islands  are  given  for  comparison: 


Country  or  state. 

Date  of 
census. 

Per  cent  of  — 

White. 

Colored. 

Jamaica  

1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1881 
1897 
1899 
1899 

2.3 
4.0 
6.0 
8.1 
8.6 
25.3 
38.4 
61.8 
66.9 

97.7 
96.0 
94.0 
91.9 
91.4 
74.7 
61.6 
38.2 
33.1 

Leeward  Islands 

St.  Vincent1  

Turks  and  Caicos  

Bahamas2        ' 

Bermudas  '  

Porto  Rico 

Cuba  

1  According  to  Statesman's  Year-Book  for  1899. 


"  Figures  for  race  not  given  in  census  of  1891. 


These  are  all  the  West  India  islands  for  which  the  facts  regarding 
race  were  accessible.  The  table  shows  that  the  two  islands  of  Cuki 
and  Porto  Rico  are  exceptional  in  having  a  majority  of  whites.  In  all 
others  the  colored  are  more  numerous,  and  in  all  except  the  Bermudas 
and  Bahamas,  both  of  which  lie  north  of  the  sugar-producing  islands, 
they  are  at  least  ten  times  more  numerous  than  the  whites.  The  other 
West  India  islands  have  a  far  smaller  proportion  of  whites  than  any 
American  state,  but  there  are  several  American  states  with  a  smaller 
proportion  of  whites  in  1890  than  Porto  Rico  had  in  1899.  They  are 
as  follows: 


States  with  smaller  proportion  of  whites  than  Porto  Rico. 

Per  cent  of 
whites  in 
total  pop- 
ulation. 

South  Carolina  

40.1 

Mississippi                      .                             

42.3 

Louisiana    

49.9 

Georgia  

53.3 

55.1 

Florida           .               

57.5 

Virginia  

61.6 

Porto  Rico            .          

61.8 

All  the  American  coast  states  from  Virginia  to  Louisiana,  inclusive, 
except  North  Carolina,  had  a  smaller  proportion  of  whites  than  Porto 
Rico. 


CENSUS  OF  PORTO  RICO  1899 


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4rVj  i  §  w 

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rg"""i     §°<|r 
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RACE. 


57 


The  best  collection  of  information  regarding  the  numerical  relations 
of  the  races  at  earlier  periods  has  been  found  in  Delitsch's  article  on 
Porto  Rico,  and  from  that  source,  eked  out  wherever  possible  by  official 
censuses,  the  following  table  has  been  prepared: 


Date  of  return.           *»$&*»- 

White. 

Colored. 

Per  cent  of  — 

Whites. 

Colored. 

1802... 

163,192 
183,  014 
230,622 
302,  672 
323,838 
357,086 
583,308 
731,648 
798,565 
890,  911 
953,243 

78,281 
85,662 
102,  432 
150,311 
162,311    ' 
188,869 
1300,406 
411,712 
474,933 
573,  187 
589,426 

84,911 
97,352 
128,190 
152,  361 
161,527 
168,  217 
282,  775 
319,936 
323,632 
317,724 
363,817 

48.0 
46.8 
44.4 
49.7 
50.1 
52.9 
51.5 
56.3 
59.5 
64.3 
61.8 

52.0 
53.2 
55.6 
50.3 
49.9 
47.1 
48.5 
43.7 
40.5 
35.7 
38.2 

1812  

1820  

1827 

1830  

1836  

1860  

1877.. 

1887  

1897  

1899  

1  Including  127  whose  race  was  not  stated. 

The  proportion  of  whites  was  lowest  and  of  colored  highest  about 
1820,  when  only  four-ninths  of  the  population  was  white.  Since  that 
time  the  proportion  of  whites  has  tended  upward,  although  not  with 
entire  regularity.  Probably  in  Porto  Rico,  as  in  Cuba  and  the  United 
States,  the  accuracy  of  the  enumeration  has  varied.  When  omissions 
occur,  they  are  usually  more  numerous  among  the  colored  than  among 
whites.  The  irregularities  in  the  preceding  series  of  percentages  may 
flow,  therefore,  from  the  varying  accuracy  of  the  several  censuses. 
Still  the  general  trend  of  the  figures  probably  reflects  a  real  change  in 
the  population  whereby  the  proportion  of  whites  has  risen  in  eighty 
years  from  four-ninths  to  three-fifths  of  the  population.  . 

But  in  considering  the  amount  and  presumably  the  influence  of  white 
blood  in  Porto  Rico,  attention  should  not  be  confined  to  the  persons  of 
pure  white  blood.  Man}'  of  those  ranked  as  colored  have  some  degree 
of  white  blood  in  their  veins.  Perhaps  the  best  statistical  measure 
of  this  is  the  ratio  that  the  persons  of  mixed  blood  bear  to  the  total 
colored.  By  the  last  census  five-sixths  (83.6  per  cent)  of  the  total  col- 
ored were  returned  as  of  mixed  blood.  Figures  regarding  race  blend- 
ing can  never  be  obtained  with  close  accuracy  by  a  census,  and  the 
results  of  an  effort  in  this  direction  are  always  to  be  received  with 
reserve.  Yet  the  broad  results  in  this  case  are  probably  of  some  value 
and  may  fairly  be  .set  beside  the  results  of  similar  inquiries  in  the 
other  West  India  islands  and  in  the  United  States,  as  is  done  in  the 
following  table: 


Country. 

Date  of 

census. 

Total 
colored. 

Persons 
of  mixed 
blood. 

Per  cent 
of  mixed 
blood. 

I'-t.  Vincent  i  

1891 

31  559 

554 

1.8 

United  States  

1890 

7  638  360 

1  132  060 

14.8 

Leeward  Islands  

1891 

122  653 

23,320 

19.0 

Jamaica  

1891 

621,  176 

121,955 

19.6 

Barbados  

1891 

166,  693 

43,976 

26.4 

Turks  and  Caicos  

1891 

4,397 

1,369 

31.1 

Cuba  

1899 

520,400 

270,805 

52.0 

Porto  Rico  

1899 

363,817 

304,352 

83.6 

1  Figures  from  Statesman's  Year-Book,  1899. 


58 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


In  Porto  Rico  five-sixths  of  the  colored  appear  or  claim  to  have 
white  blood  also  in  their  veins.  In  Cuba  this  is  true  of  only  half  the 
colored  population;  in  Jamaica,  of  one-fifth;  in  the  United  States,  of 
one-seventh.  This  statistical  evidence,  reenforced  as  it  is  by  the  te-ti- 
mony  of  competent  witnesses,  probably  warrants  one  in  believing 
that  persons  of  mixed  blood  are  more  numerous  in  Cuba  and  Porto 
Rico  than  in  the  other  West  Indies  or  in  the  United  States,  and  more 
numerous  in  Porto  Rico  than  in  Cuba. 

The  following  table  gives  the  proportion  of  mixed  to  total  colored 
for  those  censuses  for  which  the  facts  are  obtainable: 


Date  of  return. 

Total 
colored 
population. 

Mulattoes. 

Per  cent 
mulattoes. 

18021... 

71  578 

56  164 

77  1 

18121  

7'»  H»'. 

t\X   4><? 

80  2 

18201  

106  460 

N;  "t;o 

81  0 

18271  

1"0  -1*7 

95  430 

79  2 

18301  

r*:  -2*1 

100  430 

78  9 

1877  

319,936 

240,  701 

75  2 

1887... 

3"S  t»> 

246  647 

76  2 

1897  

317,  724 

241  900 

76  1 

1899  

363,817 

304,352 

83  6 

i  Figures  from  Flinter's  State  of  Puerto  Rico,  p.  206.    They  apply  only  to  the  free  colored,  not  to  the 
slaves. 

Throughout  the  century  from  three-fourths  to  five-sixths  of  the 
free  colored  in  Porto  Rico  have  had  or  claimed  the  blood  of  both 
races  in  their  veins.  Even  if  we  assume  that  in  1802  all  the  13,333 
slaves  in  Porto  Rico  were  of  pure  negro  blood,  still  the  mulattoes 
would  have  been  two-thirds  (65  per  cent)  of  the  total  colored.  The 
percentage  column  suggests  that  the  proportion  of  mulattoes  may 
have  increased  since  1877;  but  examination  of  the  absolute  figures 
shows  an  apparent  increase  in  the  two  years  1897-1899  of  16,239  whites. 
and,  with  a  smaller  initial  population,  of  46,093  colored.  The  increase 
of  colored  was  the  balance  of  an  increase  of  62,452  mulattoes  and  a 
decrease  of  16,509  negroes.  That  in  two  years  whites  should  have 
increased  2.8  per  cent  and  mulattoes  25.8  per  cent,  while  negroes 
decreased  21.6  per  cent,  flies  in  the  face  of  statistical  probabilities. 
It  is  simpler  and  more  likely  to  suppose  that  a  certain  number  of  col- 
ored persons  who  escaped  enumeration  in  18(.»7  were  enumerated  in 
1899  and  that  others  who  were  enumerated  as  negroes  in  1897  were 
returned  in  1899  as  mulattoes.1  On  the  whole,  therefore,  no  inference 
regarding  the  relative  increase  of  mulattoes  during  the  century  can 
be  drawn  with  confidence  from  the  preceding  table.  Yet  what  indi- 
cations it  affords  point  to  a  secular  change  whereby  the  pure  negro 
blood  has  lost  ground  before  the  mixed,  as  the  two  together  have 
apparently  lost  ground  before  the  white-. 

In  the  following  table  the  number  and  proportion  of  whites  and  of 

1  Compare  p.  85,  f. 


RACE. 


59 


colored  in  each  department  at  the  present  census  is  stated.  In  order 
to  call  attention  to  the  geographical  distribution  of  the  two  races,  the 
departments  are  arranged  in  the  order  of  decreasing  proportion  of 
whites: 


Department. 

Absolute  number  of  — 

Percentages  of  — 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

Aguadilla   

85,298 
125,059 
82,044 
121,  187 
56,805 
78,228 
40,805 

14,347 
37,249 
45,522 
82,004 
55,181 
81,  818 
47,6% 

85.6 
77.1 
64.3 
59.6 
50.7 
48.9 
46.1 

14.4 

22.9 
35.7 
40.4 
49.3 
51.1 
53.9 

Arecibo  

Mayaguez  

Ponce  .              

Guayama  

Bayamon         

Humacao  

Total  

589,426 

363,817 

61.8 

38.2 

To  one  who  is  familiar  with  the  location  of  these  departments,  it  is 
clear  that  the  proportion  of  whites  is  greatest  in  the  western  depart- 
ments and  decreases  toward  the  east.  In  Aguadilla  the  proportion  of 
whites  is  about  the  same  as  in  Kentucky,  while  at  the  eastern  end 
of  Porto  Rico  it  is  about  the  same  as  in  Louisiana.  In  general  the 
proportion  of  whites  is  greater  also  in  the  northern  departments.  As 
one  passes  from  west  to  east  or  from  north  to  south  the  proportion 
of  colored  increases. 

If  the  69  municipal  districts  be  divided  into  two  classes,  the  40  which 
touch  the  seacoast  and  the  29  which  do  not,  and  the  average  proportion 
of  whites  in  each  class  be  computed,  it  appears  that  in  the  29  interior 
districts  the  whites  make  up  66.3  per  cent  of  the  population;  but  in  the 
40  coast  districts  they  are  only  58.8  per  cent.  As  the  inland  districts 
are  usually  the  upland  and  cooler  districts,  it  seems  that  the  whites  are 
somewhat  more  numerous  relatively  in  the  cooler  parts  of  the  island. 

In  San  Juan  the  proportion  of  whites  (47.6  per  cent)  is  much  larger 
than  in  the  neighboring  municipal  districts  of  Rio  Piedras  (38.0  per 
cent),  or  Carolina  (39.1  per  cent),  but  a  little  less  than  in  Bayamon 
(51.1  per  cent).  In  the  other  two  large  cities,  Mayaguez  and  Ponce, 
the  proportion  of  whites  in  the  city  is  noticeably  less  than  in  the 
remainder  of  the  municipal  district  embracing  the  city. 


City. 

Per  cent  of  whites. 

In  city. 

In  rest  of 
district. 

Mayaguez  ..             

59.8 
55.3 

68.2 
62.2 

Ponce  

Apparently  the  colored  are  somewhat  massed  in  the  cities.  The 
difference  in  this  regard  between  the  capital  and  the  other  two  cities 
may  be  due  to  the  large  number  of  foreign-born  whites  in  San  Juan.1 

1  2,873  as  compared  with  754  in  Mayaguez  and  1,182  in  Ponce.     See  p.  189, 


60 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


RACE    AND   SEX. 


The  following  table  shows  the  proportions  of  the  sexes  in  the  two 
races  and  for  the  three  classes  of  colored  distinguished  by  the  census: 


Race. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent  in  Cuba-. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Whites  

294,195 
178,066 
29,122 

148,878 
66 

295,231 
185,751 
30,268 
155,474 
9 

49.9 
48.9 
49.0 
48.9 
88.0 

50.1 
51.1 
51.0 
51.1 
12.0 

53.5 
48.4 
47.7 
46.3 
98.9 

46.5 
51.6 
52.3 
53.7 
1.1 

Colored  

Negro  

Mixed  

Chinese  

Total..  . 

472,261  ]        480,982 

49.5 

50.5 

51.8 

48.2 

There  is  a  slight  excess  of  females  over  males  in  Porto  Rico,  a  numeri- 
cal relation  much  the  same  as  in  several  American  states  along  the 
Atlantic  seaboard — e.  g.,  New  Hampshire,  Connecticut,  New  York, 
Maryland — but  quite  different  from  that  in  Cuba.  This  excess  of 
females  is  most  marked  among  the  persons  of  mixed  blood.  The  same 
is  true  in  Cuba,  but  with  both  the  negro  and  the  mixed  the  sexes  are 
much  nearer  to  an  equality  in  numbers  in  Porto  Rico. 

RACE    AND   AGE. 

In  analyzing  the  figures  for  age  the  term  median  age  was  explained 
and  the  method  of  computing  it  set  forth  (p.  46).  This  concept  enables 
one  to  state  summarily  the  difference  in  age  between  the  two  races  as 
in  the  following  table.  For  purposes  of  comparison  the  figures  for 
Cuba  and  the  United  States  are  included. 

Median  age. 


Race. 

Porto 
Rico. 

Cuba. 

United 
States 
(1890). 

White  

18  3 

20  5 

22  4 

Colored  

17  8 

•'1  (i 

18  3 

The  table  shows  that  the  extreme  youth  of  the  population  of  Porto 
Rico  already  mentioned  (p.  47)  is  true  of  both  races.  The  whites  of 
Porto  Rico  are  about  two  years  younger  than  those  in  Cuba  and  four 
years  younger  than  those  in  the  United  States.  The  colored  in  Porto 
Rico  are  but  little  younger  than  those  in  the  United  States,  half  a  year, 
but  nearly  four  years  younger  than  those  in  Cuba,  where,  by  a  curious 
anomaly,  the  colored  are  older  than  the  whites.  Although  this  is  not 
the  place  to  dwell  on  the  Cuban  figures,  it  may  be  mentioned  in  pass- 
ing that  the  aged  Chinese  and  African  immigrants  in  Cuba  are  the 
main  if  not  the  entire  cause  of  the  anomaly. 

Where  a  race  or  social  class  maintains  itself  by  excess  of  births  over 
deaths,  or  natural  increase  rather  than  by  immigration  or  transfer 
from  other  social  classes,  there  a  low  median  age  is  an-  indication  of 


RACE. 


61 


low  vitality  and  a  short  life.  Where  the  population  is  growing  with 
abnormal  rapidity  this  inference  may  fail,  but  that  explanation  does 
not  hold  in  Porto  Rico. 

In  the  following  table  the  age  composition  of  the  two  races  is  indi- 
cated for  Porto  Rico,  Cuba,  and  the  United  States  by  five-year 
periods: 

Per  cent  of  total  population  of  specified  race  in  age  period  named. 


Age  period. 

Porto  Rico. 

Cuba. 

United  States. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

White. 

Colored. 

0-4  .., 

15.8 
14.8 
12.9 
9.8 
9.4 
8.9 
6.9 
5.1 
4.7 
2.8 
3.4 
1.6 
1.9 
0.7 
0.6 
0.2 
0.3 
0.1 
0.1 

15.8 
15.4 
13.3 
9.8 
9.1 
8.7 
6.5 
4.8 
4.6 
2.7 
3.6 
1.6 
2.0 
0.7 
0.7 
0.2 
0.3 
0.1 
0.1 

8.2 
14.6 
14.2 
11.7 
10.4 
9.2 
7.9 
6.6 
5.4 
3.7 
3.1 
1.9 
1.6 
0.7 
0.5 
0.2 
0.1 

8.5 
14.0 
13.5 
10.7 
8.5 
7.7 
6.9 
5.8 
5.5 
4.0 
4.7 
2.7 
3.4 
1.3 
1.3 
0.4 
0.6 
0.1 
0.2 

12.0 
11.8 
10.9 
10.3 
9.9 
8.5 
7.6 
6.3 
5.2 
4.5 
3.8 
2.8 
2.4 
1.7 
1.2 
0.7 
0.3 
0.1 

13.9 
14.5 
13.7 
11.6 
9.8 
7.7 
5.7 
5.6 
4.2 
3.7 
3.1 
1.9 
1.8 
1.1 
0.8 
0.4 
0.3 
0.1 
0.1 

5-9 

10-14    

-15-19 

20-24 

25-29                 

30-34 

35-39               

40-44  

45-49                             

50-54  

55-59 

60-64              

65-69 

70-74                             

75-79  

80-84 

85-89    

90-94 

95_99 

0.1 

100  + 

0.1 

Unknown 

Total 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

From  the  preceding  table  it  appears  that  below  the  age  of  20  in 
Porto  Rico  the  colored  are  more  numerous,  but  from  that  age  to  50 
the  whites,  and  in  old  age,  apparently,  again  the  colored.  Conceive 
two  groups,  one  of  10,000  whites,  the  other  of  10,000  colored,  and  of 
age  distribution  the  same  as  that  of  the  average  in  Porto  Rico  for  these 
two  races.  The  negro  group  would  have  108  more  children  under  15, 
and  17  more  elderly  persons  over  50.  The  white  group  would  have 
125  more  between  15  and  50,  or  in  the  productive  years  of  life.  If  we 
assume  that  these  answers  are  correct  and  that  persons  under  15  and 
over  65  are  dependent  for  support  upon  persons  between  those  years, 
then  under  present  Porto  Rican  conditions  1,000  self-supporting 
whites,  men  and  women,  must  maintain  on  the  average  837  young 
and  old  of  the  same  race,  while  1,000  colored  must  maintain  874,  or  37 
more  dependents,  the  difference  being  due  almost  entirely  to  the  larger 
proportion  of  children  among  the  colored. 

The  preceding  table  also  shows  by  the  concentration  upon  50,  60, 
70,  80,  and  90  that  the  colored  in  their  answers  report  their  ages  more 
often  than  the  whites  as  multiples  of  ten,  and  therefore  are  more  inac- 
curate in  their  statements  of  age.  The  greater  proportion  of  colored 
above  the  age  of  50,  as  shown  in  the  tables,  is  probably  an  error.  The 
colored  men  and  women,  being  more  inaccurate  in  their  statements  of 


62  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

age,  are  more  prone  to  exaggerate  it  when  past  middle  life,  and  this 
tendency  more  than  offsets  the  probably  smaller  proportion  of  colored 
in  the  later  years. 

NATIVITY. 

[See  Tables  V,  VII,  X,  and  XI.] 

The  number  of  foreign  born  returned  by  the  census  is  13,872,  or 
about  1.5  per  cent  of  the  total  population.  There  are  few  regions  in 
the  Western  Hemisphere  in  which  the  proportion  of  natives  is  so  high 
and  that  of  the  foreign  born  so  low.  Even  the  southern  portion  of 
the  United  States  as  a  whole  had  a  greater  proportion  of  foreign  born, 
although  eight  of  these  states  had  a  proportion  slightly  smaller  than 
Porto  Rico.  In  the  other  West  Indies  the  proportion  of  foreign  born 
ranged  from  2  per  cent  in  the  Barbados  to  nearly  45  per  cent  in 
Trinidad,  while  in  Cuba  it  was  about  seven  times  as  great  as  in  Porto 
Rico. 

Of  the  total  foreign  born,  11,422  were  white,  constituting  1.9  per 
cent  of  all  the  whites,  and  2,450  were  colored,  or  0.6  per  cent  of  all 
the  colored. 

Of  the  total  number  of  foreigners,  5,935,  or  43  per  cent,  were  found 
in  the  three  cities  of  San  Juan,  Ponce,  and  Mayaguez,  thus  illustrat- 
ing upon  this  island  the  general  tendency  of  foreigners  toward  the 
cities. 

Of  the  total  foreign  born,  7,690,  or  55  per  cent,  decidedly  more  than 
one-half,  were  born  in  Spain.  These  were  nearly  all  of  the  white  race. 
The  whole  of  Spanish  America  contributed  1,542,  of  .which  1,194  came 
from  the  West  India  islands.  The  United  States  contributed  1,069. 
From  Africa  were  reported  427,  of  which  258  were  colored.  This. is 
probably  the  last  remnant  of  the  imported  slaves.  China  was  repre- 
sented by  but  68  persons. 

MALES  OF  VOTING  AGE. 

[See  Table  XII.] 

This  table  presents  the  potential  voters  of  Porto  Rico,  classified 
by  race,  by  country  of  birth,  and  by  literacy,  with  a  view  of  determin- 
ing the  effect  upon  them  of  making  the  ability  to  read  and  write  a  con- 
dition of  the  elective  franchise. 

The  element  of  foreign  birth  in  Porto  Rico  is  trifling  in  number 
and  proportion  and  is  quite  uniformly  distributed.  Among  the  males 
of  voting  age  only  3.8  per  cent  were  of  alien  birth,  2.8  per  cent  being 
Spanish. 

The  classification  by  birthplace  and  by  citizenship  shows  that  the  two 
are  practically  identical.  The  people  born  in  Spain  or  other  countries 
and  living  on  the  island  have,  with  few  exceptions,  retained  their 
alien  citizenship.  On  these  accounts  it  is  deemed  unnecessary  to  pub- 


CITIZENSHIP. 


63 


lish  the  extended  and  complicated  tables  required  to  present  citizenship 
as  well  as  birthplace. 

In  the  following  tables  the  males  over  21  are  classified  as  white  and 
colored,  and  the  whites  as  born  in  Porto  Rico,  born  in  Spain,'  and  born 
in  other  countries.  Each  of  these  groups  is  then  classified  under  the 
following  heads: 

Can  neither  read  nor  write. 

Can  read  but  can  not  write. 

Can  read  and  write. 

With  superior  education. 

In  the  following  discussion  it  is  to  be  understood  that  illiterates  are 
those  who  can  neither  read  nor  write,  the  remainder  being  regarded  as 
literates. 

The  males  of  voting  age  in  Porto  Rico  numbered  201,071.  Classified 
by  birthplace  and  race,  they  were  as  follows: 


Race  and  birthplace. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Whites  born  in  Porto  Rico  .     . 

120  295 

59  8 

Whites  born  in  Spain  

5,662 

2  8 

Whites  born  in  other  countries  

2,104 

1.1 

Colored  . 

73,  010 

36  3 

Of  the  whites  of  Porto  Rican  birth  35,397  were  literate,  forming 
29.4  per  cent  of  all  this  class.  Of  the  colored,  12,576  could  read,  or 
17.2  per  cent  of  all  the  colored.  Under  this  educational  qualification, 
therefore,  the  number  of  those  entitled  to  vote  in  the  island  would  be 
47,973,  or  25  per  cent  of  the  native  males  of  voting  age  and  24 
per  cent  of  all  males  of  voting  age.  Thus  the  suffrage  would  be 
restricted  to  about  one-fourth  of  the  males  of  voting  age. 

The  effect  of  such  a  provision  upon  the  people  of  the  several  depart- 
ments is  next  to  be  considered.  The  following  table  shows  the  per- 
centage of  males  over  21  years  of  age  in  each  department,  classified 
by  birthplace  and  race: 

Percentages  of  males  21  -f-  by  nativity  and  race. 


White. 

Total 

Department. 

Native. 

Spanish. 

Other 
foreign. 

Colored. 

both 
,races. 

Aguadilla           

84.5 

2.0 

0.5 

13  0 

97.5 

Arecibo  

74.2 

2.6 

0.4 

22.8 

97.0 

Bayamon 

44  2 

5.6 

2.1 

48  1 

92.3 

Guayama  

50.9 

2.1 

0.5 

46.5 

97.4 

Humacao  

45.5 

1.5 

0.7 

52.3 

97.8 

Mavaguez..        .        

63.1 

2.5 

1.0 

33.4 

96.5 

Ponce  

57.4 

2.3 

1.5 

38.8 

96.2 

The  last  column  is  formed  by  the  addition  of  columns  1  and  4  on  the 
assumption  that  all  the  colored  are  natives,  an  assumption  which  is 
very  nearly  correct. 


64 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


It  is  seen  that  the  whites  of  Porto  Rican  birth  ranged  from  44.2  per 
cent  in  Bayamon  up  to  84.5  in  Aguadilla;  that  the  persons  of  Spanish 
birth  ranged  from  1.5  per  cent  in  Humacao  up  to  5.6  per  cent  in  Baya- 
mon, and  that  persons  of  other  foreign  birth  ranged  from  0.4  per  cent 
in  Arecibo  up  to  2.1  per  cent  in  Bayamon.  The  high  percentage  of 
persons  of  Spanish  and  other  foreign  birth  in  this  department  is  due 
to  the  fact,  of  course,  that  it  contains  the  large  and  important  commer- 
cial city  of  San  Juan.  The  colored  ranged  from  13  per  cent  in  Agua- 
dilla up  to  52.3  per  cent  in  Humacao,  the  latter  department  having  four 
times  as  many  proportionally  as  the  former.  Including  the  colored, 
the  proportion  of  males  of  voting  age  who  were  of  native  birth  was 
smallest  in  Bayamon,  where  it  was  92.3  per  cent,  and  highest  in  Huma 
cao,  where  it  was  9T.8  per  cent.  With  the  exception  of  Bayamon,  no 
department  contains  more  than  3.8  per  cent  of  foreign  born,  Ponce 
containing  this  proportion,  Mayaguez  3.5,  while  the  other  provinces 
contain  less  than  3  per  cent  each. 

The  following  table  shows  in  each  department  the  number  of  native 
white  and  of  colored  literates,  with  the  proportion  which  they  bear  to 
the  total  among  males  21  years  of  age. 

Number  and  proportion  of  literates. 


Department. 

Literate  native 
whites. 

Literate  colored. 

Literate 
foreign 
whites. 

Per  cent 
of  literates 
to  all 
males  of 
voting  age. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Aguadilla 

3,684 
5,648 
5,205 
3,664 
2,487 
6,179 
8,530 

21.0 
22.4 
35.5 
32.0 
30.0 
35.0 
33.4 

539 
979 
3,303 
1,289 
1,240 
1,968 
3,258 

20.1 
12.6 
20.7 
12.3 
12.9 
21.1 
18.9 

443 
816 
2,394 
549 
365 
864 
1,533 

23 
22 
33 
24 
22 
32 
30 

Arecibo  . 

Bayamon  .  .  . 

Guayama  

Hnm»pj»n 

Mayaguez 

Ponce  

We  see  that  among  the  native  whites  the  proportion  of  literates  to 
all  native  white  males  of  voting  age  ranged  from  20.5  per  cent  in 
Aguadilla  up  to  35.5  per  cent  in  Bayamon.  Aguadilla  and  Arecibo 
seem  to  be  together  with  a  low  percentage  of  literates,  all  the  other 
departments  containing  30  or  more  per  cent  in  that  class. 

Among  the  colored  the  smallest  percentage  of  literates  was  found  in 
the  department  of  Guayama,  where  it  was  12.3  per  cent;  or,  in  other 
words,  fewer  than  1  in  8  could  read.  From  this  it  ranged  up  to  21.1 
per  cent  in  Mayaguez,  at  the  west  end  of  the  island.  Here  rather 
more  than  1  in  5  were  able  to  read. 

The  fifth  column  presents  the  number  of  literates  among  those  born 
in  Spain  and  other  countries.  These  figures  are  given  for  the  pur- 
pose of  comparison  with  the  literates  of  native  birth,  and  show  that 
the  latter  far  outnumber  them.  Indeed,  the  only  department  in  which 
the  native  literates  were  not  many  times  as  numerous  as  the  foreign 


CONJUGAL    CONDITION.  DO 

born  was  Bayamon,  and  here  the  latter  were  outnumbered  in  the  pro- 
portion of  3.5  to  1. 

The  last  column  gives  the  proportion  which  the  number  of  actual 
voters  will  bear  under  a  literacy  qualification  to  the  total  number  of 
native  males  over  21  years  of  age.  This  per  cent  ranges  from  22 
in  Arecibo  and  Humacao  up  to  33  in  Bayamon,  which  department, 
therefore,  has  the  proud  distinction  of  possessing  the  smallest  propor- 
tion of  illiterates  among  its  native  population. 

In  the  cities  of  San  Juan  and  Ponce  is  concentrated  a  considerable 
part  of  the  foreign  element  of  the  island,  and  here,  if  anywhere,  will 
the  restriction  of  the  suffrage  to  literates  give  the  foreign  born  an 
advantage.  It  is  well,  therefore,  to  examine  the  conditions  in  these 
two  cities.  The  following  table  shows  in  the  cities  of  San  Juan  and 
Ponce  the  number  of  males  21  years  of  age  and  over  who  could  read 
among  the  white  natives  of  the  island,  the  whites  of  Spanish  birth, 
the  whites  born  in  other  countries,  and  the  colored. 


Race  and  birthplace. 

San  Juan 
literates. 

Ponce  lit- 
erates. 

Native  white  

1,925 

2,190 

Spanish  born                                

1,100 

409 

Born  in  other  countries  

592 

268 

Colored  

1,822 

1,265 

It  appears  that  in  the  city  of  San  Juan  the  native  whites  and  the 
colored  each  outnumbered  the  foreign  element,  while  together  they 
outnumbered  them  nearly  2.5  to  1.  In  Ponce  this  proportion  was  even 
greater,  the  native  whites  being  more  than  three  times  and  the  colored 
twice  as  numerous  as  the  foreign  element. 

CONJUGAL  CONDITION. 

[See  Tables  XIII-XVI.] 

The  census  schedules  classified  the  population  as  regards  conjugal 
condition  into  three  groups — single,  married,  and  widowed.  Since  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church  does  not  permit  divorces,  the  class  of  divorced 
persons  is  not  represented. 

There  is,  however,  another  class  represented  in  Porto  Rico,  as  in 
Cuba,  which  consists  of  persons  living  together  in  the  conjugal  rela- 
tion without  religious  or  legal  sanction.  This  class,  which  is  large  not 
only  in  these  islands  but  in  much  of  Spanish  America,  probably  owes 
its  existence  to  the  fact  that  throughout  these  countries  the  only  legal 
authority  for  sanctioning  marriage  is  the  Catholic  Church,  and  the 
expense  attendant  upon  the  wedding  ceremony  has  caused  it  to  be 
waived  in  large  numbers  of  cases.  Such  unions  by  mutual  consent, 
while  commonly  regarded  in  the  United  States  as  binding,  have  not  been 
so  regarded  in  Porto  Rico,  Cuba,  or  other  parts  of  Spanish  America, 
8490—00 5 


66 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


and  the  children  resulting  therefrom  are  regarded  as  illegitimate.  An 
attempt  has  been  made  .to  distinguish  and  tabulate  the  members  of 
such  unions,  and  while  the  results  are  probably  below  the  truth,  they 
are  believed  to  be  valuable,  at  least  as  indicating  the  minimum  number 
of  this  class. 

The  population  of  Porto  Rico,  as  regards  conjugal  condition,  was 
distributed  as  follows  among  these  four  classes,  expressed  in  percent- 
ages of  the  total  number  of  inhabitants  of  the  island: 

Single 69.  7 

Married 16. 6 

Living  together  by  mutual  consent 8. 8 

Widowed . .  4.  9 


100.0 


THE    SINGLE. 


Of  the  total  population  of  Porto  Rico  nearly  seven-tenths  (69.7  per 
cent)  were  single.  This  proportion,  which  is  exceedingly  large,  is 
comprised  in  great  part  of  children.  Excluding  them  from  considera- 
tion and  considering  only  that  portion  of  the  population  which  is  15 
years  of  age  and  over,  it  is  found  that  -±5.9  per  cent  of  what  may  he 
thus  regarded  as  the  adult  population  were  single.  Including  tho-c 
living  together  by  mutual  consent  among  the  single,  the  percentage 
of  single  among  those  over  15  years  of  age  was  increased  to  61.7  per 
cent.  These  proportions  also  are  exceedingly  large — much  greater 
than  in  most  countries  of  the  earth.  The  corresponding  proportion 
in  the  United  States  in  1890  was  36.9  per  cent. 

The  following  table  gives  the  corresponding  proportion  in  most  of 
the  leading  countries  of  the  earth: 


Country. 

Date  of 
census. 

Per  cent 
of  single 
to  popu- 
lation 
15+. 

Country. 

Date  of 
census. 

Per  cent 
of  single 
to  popu- 
lation 
11H-. 

Hungary  l 

1890 

23  2 

Chile    .  .  . 

1885 

45  3 

Mexico  

1895 

34.9 

Porto  Rico  3  

1899 

45.9 

France  

1886 

35  3 

New  Zealand 

1891 

4l>  4 

Italv  

1881 

36.5 

(  '(ista  Rica  

L892 

47.5 

Denmark 

1890 

:ir.  7 

Argentina 

1895 

47.9 

United  States 

1890 

36  9 

Queensland  . 

1891 

48.3 

Germany 

1890 

38.3 

Ireland      

1891 

50.8 

England  and  Wales 

1891 

39  6 

British  Honduras 

1891 

51  4 

Austria 

1890 

40  4 

Cuba3                                   

1899 

53.4 

Sweden 

1890 

40.7 

Leeward  Islands      

1891 

57.7 

Netherlands 

1889 

40.8 

Barbados  

1891 

61.5 

Switzerland 

1888 

42.8 

Porto  Rico*  

1899 

61.7 

Belgium 

1890 

43.9 

Trinidad  s  

1891 

63.5 

Turks  Island 

1891 

43.9 

Cuba*  

1899 

66.6 

Guatemala2 

1893 

11   7 

Martinique  

iy.14 

78.5 

Scotland  

1891 

•I.').  'J 

1  Population  16-f  is  the  basis. 

2  Population  14+  is  the  basis. 

s  Excluding  persons  liying  together  by  mutual  consent. 
4  Including  persons  living  together  by  mutual  consent. 
6  Excluding  the  East  Indians. 

Throughout  the  following  discussion  the  persons  living  in  consensual 
unions,  as  well  as  the  married  and  widowed,  will  be  excluded  from  the 


CENSUS  OF  PORTO  RICO   1899 


PORTO    RICO 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION    BY    RACE,    SEX    AND    AGE 
WHITES 


MALES 


FEMALES 


AGE  GROUPS 


i 

65  and  over 

55-64 

45-54 

35-44 

I 

1 

30-34 

1 

25-29 

2024 

15-19 

MALES 


COLORED 


1     SINGLE 
I      MARRIED 
[  |      LIVING   TOGETHER 


FEMALES 


AGE  GROUPS 

65  and  over 
55-64 

45-54 

35-44 

30-34 
86-89 

•>0-?4 
15-19 


AHoerS  Co.8altc.lith. 


CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


67 


single.  Furthermore,  the  discussion  will  he  confined,  as  regards 
nativity,  to  the  native  white  and  the  colored  elements,  since  the  foreign 
whites  form  so  small  a  proportion  of  the  population  as  to  be  practically 
negligible. 

The  following  table  shows  the  proportion  of  single  among  the  native 
white  males  and  females  and  the  colored  males  and  females: 

Per  cent. 

Native  whites 68. 6 

Male 71.5 

Female 65.  8 

Colored 72.1 

Male 73.6 

Female 70.6 

As  is  seen,  the  males  were  relatively  in  excess  in  both  races,  and 
among  the  whites  to  a  great  extent. 

The  following  tables  show  the  distribution  of  the  single  by  age,  sex, 
and  race,  expressed  in  percentages  of  the  total  number  of  persons  in 
the  several  age  groups: 

Percentages  of  single. 


Age  group. 

Native  white. 

Colored. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

15-19       

98.5 
82.1 
49.8 
29.9 
19.5 
13.7 
10.2 
8.6 

88.7 
54.9 
33.4 
24.9 
19.5 
17.1 
16.2 
16.0 

98.1 
80.0 
51.6 
34.9 
24.7 
20.1 
16.5 
19.1 

89.1 
61.1 
41.9 
36.4 
31.1 
30.6 
32.4 
36.2 

20-24  

25-29                                            

30-34  

35-44  

45-54                          

55-64  

65+                            .            

At  the  same  ages  the  proportion  of  single  among  the  males  was,  in  the 
earlier  years,  greater  than  among  the  females.  This  extended  among 
the  whites  up  to  the  age  of  35,  beyond  which  the  proportion  of  single 
females  became  the  greater.  Among  the  colored  it  extended  to  the 
age  of  30,  beyond  which  the  proportion  among  the  females  was  greater. 

Among  the  native  whites,  both  males  and  females,  the  proportion 
of  single  diminished  steadily  through  all  ages,  but  among  the  colored 
it  reached  a  minimum  and  then  increased  again.  This  minimum  was 
reached  among  colored  males  at  the  age  period  of  55  to  64  years,  and 
among  females  at  the  age  period  of  45  to  54  years.  This  phenomenon 
is  doubtless  due  to  the  fact,  as  will  appear  hereafter,  that  consensual 
unions  are  much  more  common  among  the  colored  than  among  the 
whites,  and  that  when  such  unions  cease  by  the  death  of  one  or  the 
other  member  the  remaining  member  is  placed  among  the  single  instead 
of  being  regarded  as  widowed. 

The  distribution  of  the  single  among  the  several  departments  of 
Porto  Rico  shows  great  uniformity,  the  proportion  of  the  single  to 
the  total  population  ranging  from  68.5  up  to  71.5  per  cent,  the  latter 


68 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


proportion  being  found  in  the  department  of  Bayamon,  which  includes 
the  city  of  San  Juan. 
The  following  table  shows  the  percentages  in  the  several  departments: 

Percentage  of  single. 


Humacao 69.  8 

Mayaguez 68. 4 

Ponce  .  .70.3 


Aguadilla 68. 5 

Arecibo 68. 5 

Bayamon 71. 5 

Guayarna 69.  9 

The  fact  that  the  department  of  Bayamon  contained  a  larger  propor- 
tion of  single  than  any  other  of  the  seven  departments  indicates  that 
the  proportion  of  single  was  greater  in  urban  than  in  rural  districts. 
That  this  is  true  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  in  the  largest  three  cities  of 
Porto  Rico,  taken  collectively,  the  proportion  of  single  was  71  per  cent, 
while  in  the  remainder  of  the  island,  which  may  be  regarded  as  rural 
districts,  the  proportion  was  69.6  per  cent. 

THE    MARRIED. 

In  this  discussion  two  groups  of  married  persons  will  be  considered: 
One,  those  legally  married  under  the  forms  of  the  church;  the  other, 
the  consensual  unions  already  referred  to.  These  will  be  discussed 
both  together  and  separately. 

The  proportion  which  the  legally  married  bore  to  the  total  popula- 
tion was  16.6  per  cent,  or  about  one-sixth.  The  proportion  of  the 
inhabitants  who  were  associated  in  consensual  unions  was  8.8  per  cent, 
or  a  little  more  than  one-half  of  those  legally  married.  Hence  the 
proportion  of  those  living  together  in  the  marriage  relation  was  25.4 
per  cent.  This  is  a  very  small  proportion,  smaller  than  in  any  Euro- 
pean country  and  much  smaller  than  in  the  United  States  in  1890, 
where  it  was  not  less  than  35. 7  per  cent. 

The  following  table  shows  the  proportion  of  those  married  and  of 
those  living  together  by  mutual  consent  and  their  sum,  in  each  of  the 
seven  departments  of  the  island: 


Department. 

Married. 

Living 
together 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Sum  of 
two. 

Aguadilla  

20.8 

5.4 

26.2 

Arecibo.  ..        .                        

19.1 

7.3 

26.4 

Bayamon  

16.2 

8.8 

24.0 

Guayama                                               

15.2 

10.4 

25.6 

Humacao                                           

13.5 

12.3 

25.8 

Mayaguez  

17.7 

8.2 

25.9 

Ponce                                                  

15.2 

9.9 

25.1 

Thus  it  appears  that  while  there  was  c  >nsiderable  variation  in  the 
proportion  of  married  in  the  several  departments,  ranging  from  13.5 
per  cent  in  Humacao  up  to  20.8  in  Aguadilla,  these  differences  are  very 


CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


69 


nearly  offset  by  corresponding  differences  in  the  proportion  of  those 
living  together  by  mutual  consent,  which  range  from  5.4  in  Aguadilla, 
where  the  proportion  of  married  was  greatest,  up  to  12.3  in  Humacao, 
where  the  proportion  of  married  was  least,  making  the  figures  in  the 
fourth  column,  which  express  the  proportion  of  those  living  together 
under  the  legal  sanction  of  marriage,  together  with  those  living 
together  by  mutual  consent,  very  nearly  the  same  in  all  the  depart- 
ments. Furthennore,  it  will  be  noted  that  those  departments  in  which 
the  proportion  of  all  the  married  was  the  smallest,  namely,  Bayamon  and 
Ponce,  were  those  containing  the  only  two  large  cities  of  the  island,  San 
Juan  and  Ponce.  This  difference  between  the  urban  and  rural  parts 
of  the  island  is,  furthermore,  brought  out  in  the  statement  that,  while 
the  proportion  of  married  in  the  three  cities  of  San  Juan,  Ponce,  and 
Mayaguez,  together,  is  14.6,  in  the  rest  of  the  island,  which  may  be 
regarded  as  a  rural  region,  the  corresponding  proportion  was  16.8,  while 
the  proportion  of  those  living  together  by  mutual  consent  was  the  same 
in  both  the  cities  and  the  rural  districts. 

Classified  by  race,  it  appeal's  that  the  proportion  of  those  legally 
married  was  greater,  and  of  those  living  in  consensual  unions  was  less, 
among  the  whites  than  among  the  colored,  while  the  proportion  of  the 
two  classes  together  was  somewhat  larger  among  the  whites  than  among 
the  colored,  as  appears  in  the  following  table: 


In  consen- 

Race.                                        Married. 

sual 

Total. 

unions. 

Native  white                                                                   19  1 

7  o 

26  1 

Colored  12.0 

-  11  8 

23  8 

It  appears,  furthermore,  from  the  above  that  the  proportions  of 
married  and  of  those  living  together  among  the  colored  were  veiy 
nearly  equal. 

Classifying  the  married  and  those  living  in  consensual  unions  by  sex, 
as  well  as  by  race,  shows  the  following  results,  expressed  in  percent- 
ages of  the  total  number  of  each  cla->: 


In  consen- 

Race and  Sex. 

Married. 

sual 

Both. 

unions. 

Native  white: 

Male  

18  6 

7  1 

25  7 

Female  

19  6 

7  n 
/.O 

°6  5 

Colored: 

Male  

\->  4 

11  8 

24  2 

Female  

11  7 

11  7 

23  4 

Thus  it  appears  that  the  proportion  of  the  married  among  the  white 
females  was  somewhat  larger  than  among  the  males,  while  those  in  con- 
sensual unions  were  about  equal.  Among  the  colored  there  was  no 
decided  difference  in  either  class. 


70  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

Classified  by  age,  as  well  as  race  and  sex,  the  following  results  appear: 


Race,  sex,  and  age. 

Married. 

In  consen- 
sual 
unions. 

Both. 

Native  white  males: 
15  to  19  years  .... 

0.6 

0  9 

1  6 

20  to  24  years  

10.0 

7.4 

17.4 

25  to  29  years  

31.3 

17.4 

48.7 

30  to  34  years  . 

46.2 

21  2 

67  4 

35  to  44  years  

54.1 

21.2 

75.3 

45  to  64  years  

59.6 

16.1 

75.7 

55  to  64  years  

60.5 

10.1 

70.6 

65+  years  

54.4 

6.0 

60.4 

Native  white  females: 
15  to  19  years 

6  8 

4  4 

11  2 

20  to  24  years  . 

28.9 

15.0 

"43  9 

25  to  29  years  

43.5 

19.6 

63.1 

30  to  34  years 

48.6 

19  1 

67  6 

35  to  44  years  

50.0 

14.1 

64.1 

45  to  54  years  

42.0 

7.0 

49.0 

55  to  64  years  

30.0 

2.8 

32.8 

65+  years  

17.1 

1.1 

18.2 

Colored  males: 
15  to  19  years  

0.6 

1.3 

1.8 

20  to  24  years  

•    6.8 

12.9 

19.7 

25  to  29  years 

19  1 

28  4 

47  5 

30  to  34  years  

29.7 

33.4 

63.1 

35  to  44  years      

35.1 

36.2 

71.3 

45  to  54  years  

42.3 

28.8 

71.1 

55  to  64  years 

46  8 

21  6 

68  4 

65+  years  

42.6 

14  6 

57  1 

Colored  females: 
15  to  19  years  

4.3 

6.4 

10.7 

20  to  24  years                     .         ... 

15  4 

22  6 

38  0 

25  to  29  years      

24.2 

31.6 

65  8 

30  to  34  years  

27.0 

31.6 

58.6 

35  to  44  years 

29  7 

26  8 

66  5 

45  to  54  years          

29.0 

14.6 

43.5 

65  to  64  years  

21.6 

.7.8 

29.4 

65+  years  

12.4 

2.8 

15.2 

Thus  it  appears  that  among  the  native  white  males  the  maximum 
proportion  of  married  occurred  in  the  age  group  between  55  and  64 
years,  where  it  reached  three-fifths  of  the  whole  number,  while  among 
those  living  together  by  mutual  consent  the  maximum  occurred  about 
the  age  of  35  years.  Among  the  native  white  females  the  maximum 
proportion  of  married  occurred  between  the  ages  of  35  and  44  years, 
where  one-half  of  this  class  were  married.  The  subsequent  diminution 
in  the  proportion  of  this  class  is  explained  by  the  increase  in  the  pro- 
portion of  widowed,  as  will  be  shown  later.  The  maximum  propor- 
tion of  those  living  together  by  mutual  consent  occurred  between  the 
ages  of  35  and  44  years,  where  it  reached  one-fifth  of  the  total  number. 

Among  colored  males  the  maximum  proportion  occurred,  as  among 
the  white  males,  between  the  ages  of  55  and  64,  and  the  maximum 
among  those  living  together  by  mutual  consent  between  35  and  44 
years.  Among  the  colored  females  the  maximum  among  the  married 
was  found  between  35  and  44  years,  and  of  those  living  together  by 
mutual  consent  at  about  the  age  of  30. 

The  map  opposite  this  page  shows  the  proportion  which  those  in  con- 
sensual unions  bore  to  the  married  in  various  parts  of  Porto  Rico.  A 
study  of  it  shows  that  the  consensual  unions  were  relatively  most  numer- 
ous in  the  eastern  and  southeastern  parts  of  the  island,  especially  on 


CENSUS  OF  PORTO  RICO  1899. 


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CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


71 


the  eastern  half  of  the  south  coast.  Of  the  total  number  of  municipal 
districts  in  the  island,  35  contained  a  larger  proportion  of  consensual 
unions  than  the  average  of  the  island,  and  in  9  municipal  districts 
consensual  unions  were  more  numerous  than  lawful  marriages. 

THE   WIDOWED. 

Of  the  inhabitants  of  Porto  Rico,  4. 9  per  cent,  or  nearly  one  in  twenty, 
were  widowed.  The  proportion  of  widowed  among  native  whites  (5.3 
per  cent)  was  greater  than  the  average  of  the  island,  and  that  of  the 
colored  (4.1  per  cent)  considerably  less.  This  is  due  to  the  fact,  as 
shown  above,  that  consensual  unions  were  more  numerous  relatively 
among  the  colored,  and  that  upon  the  dissolution  of  such  union  by  the 
death  of  one  of  the  members  the  other  became  classed  with  single 
rather  than  with  widowed. 

The  widowed  native  white  males  formed  2.8  per  cent  only  of  the 
population,  and  the  widowed  native  white  females  not  less  than  7.7 
per  cent.  The  corresponding  figures  for  the  colored  were,  for  males 
4.1,  and  for  females  6  per  cent. 

The  following  table  shows  the  distribution  of  the  widowed  by  race, 
sex,  and  age: 


Age  period. 

Native 
white 
males. 

Native 
white 
females. 

Colored 
males. 

Colored 
females. 

15  to  19  years   

0  1 

0.1 

0.2 

20  to  24  years  

0.4 

1.1 

0.2 

0.9 

25  to  29  vears 

1.5 

3  6 

0  9 

2.3 

30  to  34  years   .          .         

2.7 

7.5 

1.9 

5.0 

35  to  44  years  

6.2 

16.4 

4.0 

12.4 

45  to  54  years  

10.6 

33.9 

8.8 

25.9 

55  to  64  years  

19.2 

51.0 

15.1 

38.1 

65+  years  

30.6 

65.7 

23.8 

48.5 

As  will  be  seen,  the  proportion  of  widowed  increased  steadily  with 
advancing  age  among  all  classes.  It  reached  in  the  native  white  males 
30.6  per  cent  at  the  oldest  age,  and  among  the  colored  males  23.8  per 
cent,  while  among  females  it  reached  65.7  per  cent  among  the  native 
whites  and  48. 5  per  cent  among  the  colored.  There  was  here,  there- 
fore, as  elsewhere,  a  much  larger  proportion  of  widowed  among 
females  than  among  males.  This  excess  is  in  part  due  to  the  fact  that 
the  death  rate  is  greater  as  an  average,  among  married  couples,  with 
men  than  with  women,  on  account  of  the  greater  average  age  of  the 
husband,  and  in  part  to  the  fact  that  more  men  remarry  than  women, 
and,  to  a  considerable  extent  at  least,  select  single  women  rather  than 
widows. 

EDUCATION. 

As  far  as  history  throws  any  light  on  the  subject,  it  would  appear 
that  prior  to  the  year  1799  there  were  no  schools  in  Porto  Rico,  outside 
of  the  cities  of  San  Juan  and  San  German,  which  had  free  schools  for 
girls,  where  needlework  and  the  catechism  of  the  Catholic  Church  were 


72  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

taught,  a  class  in  philosophy  established  by  the  Dominican  monks,  and 
a  few  private  schools  attended  by  the  children  of  the  wealthier  citizens. 

During  the  next  fort}7  years  a  number  of  private  schools  and  a  few 
colleges  were  opened,  but  it  was  not  until  1845  that  public  primary 
schools  were  provided  for.  For  a  full  account  of  education  in  Porto 
Rico  the  reader  is  referred  to  Senate  Document  363,  Fifty-sixth  Con- 
gress, publishing  the  report  of  Gen.  George  W.  Davis,  Military  Gov- 
ernor of  the  island. 

The  system  was  the  same  as  that  of  Spain,  which  is  fully  described 
in  the  Report  of  the  Census  of  Cuba. 

On  June  30,  1898,  there  were  in  existence  in  Porto  Rico  380  public 
schools  for  boys,  148  for  girls,  1  for  adults,  and  26  private  schools, 
having  an  enrollment  of  44,861  pupils.  The  total  amount  annually 
expended,  including  the  subsidy  granted  by  the  insular  government  to 
private  schools,  was  309,810.75  pesos,  or  $185,886.45. 

At  the  end  of  the  school  year  1899  there  were  525  public  schools, 
having  a  total  attendance  of  21,873  pupils,  at  a  cost  of  $203,373.  The 
number  of  children  of  school  age  at  that  time  without  school  facilities 
was  268,630. 

Gen.  Guy  V.  Henry,  U.  S.  A.,  who  succeeded  General  Brooke  as 
Military  Governor,  took  an  early  interest  in  education,  and  on  May  1 
established  a  code  of  school  laws  which  provided  for  school  boards  in 
all  municipal  districts  in  which  schools  were  in  operation  and  abol- 
ished many  of  the 'evils  of  the  Spanish  school  system,  as,  for  example, 
the  payment  of  fees  by  parents  who  could  afford  it,  and  the  teaching  of 
religion  and  church  doctrine.  He  established  a  teachers'  manual  and 
free  text-books,  graded  the  schools,  and  made  provision  for  high 
schools,  and  the  necessary  professional  schools. 

Under  Gen.  George  W.  Davis  these  laws  were  carefully  revised  and 
modified  by  the  introduction  of  many  beneficial  changes  suggested  by 
experience. 

On  August  12,  1899,  General  Davis  substituted  for  the  bureau  of 
education  an  insular  board  of  education  having  general  charge  of 
public  instruction.  The  first  public  school  building  was  erected  under 
his  supervision  in  1899  in  the  city  of  San  Juan.  Others  will  doubtless 
follow  as  funds  become  available  in  the  various  municipalities. 

As  in  Cuba,  no  subject  is  of  greater  importance  to  the  inhabitants  of 
these  islands  than  the  education  of  the  children  who  will  in  time  be 
called  on  to  perform  the  duties  and  assume  the  full  responsibilities  of 
citizenship. 

LITERACY. 

[See  Tables  XVII  and  XIX.] 

A  census  can  take  cognizance  of  the  degree  of  education  of  a  people 
only  as  it  is  indicated  by  certain  simple  tests,  which  refer  usually  to 
formal  or  book  education,  not  because  that  is  necessarily  the  most 


LITERACY. 


73 


important,  but  because  it  is  the  most  easily  tested.  The  tests  used  by 
the  present  census  were  attendance  at  school,  ability  to  read,  ability  to 
write,  and  possession  of  higher  education.  It  is  obvious  that  attend- 
ance at  school  certifies  nothing  regarding  a  person's  educational 
attainments,  yet  if  the  entire  population  is  to  be  classed  according  to 
degree  of  education  some  assumption  must  be  made  regarding  children 
attending  school.  It  can  not  introduce  serious  error  to  give  such  chil- 
dren the  benefit  of  the  doubt  and  assume  that  all  of  them  were  able  to 
read  and  write,  but  that  all  under  10  years  of  age  and  not  attending 
school  were  not  able  to  read.  On  these  assumptions  the  population  of 
Porto  Rico  may  be  classed  as  follows: 


Persons  in  Porto  Rico 

Number. 

Per  cent 
of  total. 

With  higher  education     ..       

5,045 

0.5 

Able  to  read  and  write  

143,  472 

15.0 

Able  to  read                                                                   .  .  . 

158,852 

16.6 

Population  answering  educational  questions  

951,836 

100.0 

In  the  preceding  table  the  classes  are  not  mutually  exclusive,  but 
each  succeeding  class  includes  all  those  in  the  preceding.  From  this 
table  the  following  may  be  derived  by  taking  the  differences  in  the 
successive  numbers  of  the  preceding: 


Persons  in  Porto  Rico 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

With  higher  education  

5  045 

0  5 

Able  to  write,  but  without  higher  education    

138,  427 

14  5 

Able  to  read,  but  unable  to  write  

15,380 

1.6 

Unable  to  read  

792  984 

83  2 

Not  stated  

1,407 

0  2 

Total  

953  ->-43 

100  0 

From  this  table  it  appears  that  the  three  classes  of  those  able  to 
read,  but  unable  to  write,  those  with  higher  education,  and  those  not 
answering  the  educational  questions,  including  together  less  than  one- 
fortieth  of  the  total  population,  were  numerically  insignificant. 
Attention,  therefore,  may  be  centered  on  the  other  two  classes.  The 
several  departments  of  Porto  Rico  had  the  following  numbers  and 
proportions  of  persons  able  to  read: 


Department. 

Popula- 
tion. 

Able  to  read. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Aguadilla  

99,645 
162,308 
88,501 

12,  277 
20,  030 
12,222 
16,730 
36,359 
33,740 
27,494 

12.3 
12.3 
13.8 
14.9 
17.8 
21.0 
21.5 

Arecibo  

Humacao  

Guayama  

111,986 
203,  191 
160,046 
127,566 

Ponce  

Bayamon  

Mayaguez  

Porto  Rico  

953,243 

158,852 

16.6 

74 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


In  the  whole  island  about  one  person  in  six  is  able  to  read.  The 
seven  departments  fall  into  two  groups,  four  in  which  the  percentage 
of  persons  able  to  read  is  below  the  average  of  the  island,  and  three 
in  which  it  is  above.  These  three,  it  will  be  seen,  are  those  which 
contain  the  three  cities  of  Mayaguez,  Ponce,  and  San  Juan.  It  is 
likely,  therefore,  that  ability  to  read  is  more  prevalent  among  the 
inhabitants  of  these  cities  than  in  the  rural  districts.  The  following 
table  presents  the  facts  on  this  point: 


City. 

Popula- 
tion. 

Able  to  read. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Mavaguez  .              

15,  187 

27,  1)52 
32,048 

7,826 
12,934 
16,618 

51.5 
46.2 
51.8 

Ponce  

San  Juan  

Total  cities  .  .            

75,  187 
878,056 

37,  378 
121,474 

49.7 
13.8 

Rest  of  island  

This  table  shows  that  in  the  three  cities  of  Porto  Rico  about  half  the 
population  are  able  to  read,  a  proportion  nearly  four  times  that  in  the 
rest  of  the  island.  Accordingly  it  seems  fairer  to  compare  the  three 
departments  containing  these  cities  with  the  other  four  only  after  the 
urban  population  has  been  excluded.  This  is  done  in  the  following 
table: 


Department. 

Rural 
popula- 
tion. 

Able  to  read. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Bavamon  

127,998 
112,379 
175,239 

17,122 
19,668 
23,425 

13.4 
17.5 
13.4 

Mavaguez  

Ponce  

This  table,  supplementing  that  on  page  73,  shows  that  outside  the 
large  cities  ability  to  read  is  much  more  general  in  the  department  of 
Mayaguez  than  in  any  other,  and  that  next  to  this  come  the  two 
departments  at  the  eastern  end  of  the  island,  Guayama  and  Hutuacao, 
while  the  two  northwestern  departments,  Aguadilla  and  Arecibo,  have 
the  smallest  proportion  of  persons  able  to  read.  This  result  is  sur- 
prising in  that  it  shows  that  the  departments  containing  a  very  high 
proportion  of  colored  (p.  59)  have  also  a  large  proportion  of  literates, 
while  the  departments  containing  the  largest  proportion  of  whites  are 
those  in  which  illiteracy  is  most  common.  From  an  examination  of  the 
table  showing  by  departments  the  proportion  of  population  living  in 
cities  of  1,000  inhabitants  and  over  (p.  44),  it  appears  that  those  depart- 
ments with  the  smallest  population  able  to  read  are  just  the  ones  which 
have  the  smallest  proportion  of  urban  population,  while  Guayama  has, 
after  Bavamon,  the  highest  proportion  of  urban  population,  and 
Humacao  has  a  proportion  decidedly  higher  than  that  for  either 
Aguadilla  or  Arecibo.  It  seems  probable,  therefore,  that  the  proper- 


SCHOOL    ATTENDANCE. 


75 


tion  of  population  residing  in  the  smaller  cities  exercises  more  influence 
than  the  proportion  of  whites  in  determining1  the  proportion  of  literates. 
The  following  figures  show  the  returns  of  literacy  at  the  censuses  of 
1860  and  1887  as  compared  with  the  present: 


Census. 

Popula- 
tion. 

Number 
able  to 
read. 

Per  cent 
able  to 
read. 

I860  

583,181 

81,888 

8.8 

1887  

806,708 

111,380 

13.8 

1899         

953,243 

158,852 

16.6 

These  figures  show  that  the  proportion  of  literates  in  the  total  popula- 
tion has  increased  from  8  to  16  per  cent  in  forty  years.  Notwithstand- 
ing this  slight  increase,  the  proportion  of  illiterates  in  Porto  Rico  is 
higher  than  in  any  of  the  states  of  this  Union  or  any  of  the  other 
West  Indian  islands.  Guatemala  is  the  only  country  in  the  region  for 
which  statistics  are  obtainable,  where  the  proportion  of  illiterates  is 
higher  than  in  Porto  Rico. 

SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE. 

[See  Tables  XVII  and  XX.] 

The  total  number  of  persons  attending  school  in  Porto  Rico  during 
the  year  preceding  November  10, 1899,  was  26,212,  or  between  2  and  3 
per  cent  of  the  total  population.  But  in  the  discussion  on  age  it  was 
shown  (p.  49)  that  the  children  in  Porto  Rico  between  5  and  15  years 
old,  and  so  at  the  age  when  school  attendance  is  most  common,  were 
unusually  numerous.  Hence  it  is  better  to  compare  the  children 
attending  school  with  those  of  school  age.  From  Table  XX  (p.  267)  it 
appears  that  only  414  children  under  5  or  over  17  years  of  age  attended 
school — that  is,  about  1.5  per  cent  of  the  entire  number.  The  school 
age  ma3T  therefore  be  assumed  to  be  5-17,  and  the  slight  proportion  of 
persons  over  or  under  these  limits  neglected. 

X umber  and  per  cent  of  children  attending  school. 


Country. 

Population 
5-17. 

Persons  5-17  attend- 
ing school. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Porto  Rico  

322,393 

25,798 

8.0 

It  has  already  been  shown  that  the  proportion  of  persons  able  to 
read,  and  probabty  also  the  proportion  of  children  attending  school, 
was  much  higher  in  the  cities  of  Porto  Rico  than  in  the  rural  districts. 
In  the  following  table  the  facts  for  the  two  cities  included  in  Table  XX 
are  given. 


76 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 
Number  and  per  cent  of  school  children  in  cities. 


City. 

Population 
5-17. 

Persons  5-  17  attend- 
ing school. 

Number. 

Percent. 

Ponce  

7,904 

8,886 

1,877 
1,901 

1 
23.7 
21.3 

San  Juan  

Total  

16,790 

3,778 

22.5 

On  the  average  in  the  two  cities  less  than  one-fourth  of  the  children 
5  to  17  attended  school  during  the  year  preceding  the  census.  If  the 
figures  for  these  two  cities  be  subtracted  from  all  Porto  Rico,  the 
following  results  are  reached: 

Number  and  per  cent  of  school  children  in  rural  districts. 


Region. 

Population 
5-17. 

Persons  5-17  attend- 
ing school. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Porto  Rico  outside  two  cities  of  25  000 

305,603 

22,020 

7.  -2 

In  the  rural  districts  of  Porto  Rico  less  than  one-fifteenth  of  the 
children  between  5  and  17  years  of  age  attended  school  during  the 
year  preceding  the  census,  but  in  the  large  cities  the  proportion  was  ;i 
little  more  than  three  times  as  great. 

In  the  following  table  the  figures  are  given  for  the  seven  depart- 
ments after  the  two  large  cities  have  been  excluded: 

Number  and  per  cent  of  school  children  in  rural  districts,  by  departments. 


Department. 

Population 
5-17. 

Persons  5-17  attend- 
ing school. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Arecibo  ..  . 

56,388 
60,369 
33,766 
44,817 
30,038 
38,637 
41,688 

3,313 
3,604 
2,0% 
3,150 
2,361 
3,228 
4,268 

6.8 
5.9 
6.2 
7.0 
7.8 
8.3 
10.2 

Ponce  

Aguadilla  

Bavamon  

Humacao  

Guayama  

Mavaguez  

Porto  Rico  

305,603 

22,020 

7.2 

The  conspicuous  position  of  Mayaguez  agrees  with  the  results  of 
the  analysis  regarding  ability  to  read  (p.  74).  but  in  the  present  table 
the  position  of  this  department  is  influenced  by  the  inclusion  of  the 
city  of  Mayaguez.  Here,  too,  one  notices  that  the  proportion  of 
children  attending  school,  like  the  proportion  of  literates,  is  lowest  in 
the  two  northwesterly  departments,  where  the  proportion  of  whites 
is  highest,  while  the  two  departments  of  Humacao  and  Guayama 
coine  next  to  Mayaguez  in  the  proportion  of  children  attending 


SCHOOL    ATTENDANCE. 


77 


school,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  about  half  of  their  population  is 
colored. 

That  there  is  a  rough  correlation  between  the  rank  of  the  depart- 
ments in  the  order  of  school  attendance  and  in  the  order  of  literacy, 
appears  from  the  following  lists: 


Departments  in  the  order  of 


fterearing  literacy: 
Arecibo. 
Ponce. 
Aguadilla. 
Bayamon. 
Humacao. 
Guayama. 
Mayaguez. 


Increasing  school  attendance: 
Aguadilla. 
Arecibo. 
Bayamon. 
Ponce. 
Humacao. 
Guayama. 
Mayaguez. 


/School  attendants  classified  by  sex. — The  following  table  gives  the 
facts  for  Porto  Rico  by  sex: 

Number  and  per  cent  of  school  children  by  sex. 


Sex. 

Population 
5-17. 

Persons  5-] 
ing  sc 

Number. 

7  attend- 
hool. 

Per  cent. 

Male  

162,838 
159,555 

15,273 
10,525 

9.3 
6.5 

Female  

Total                                            .          

322,393 

25,798 

8.0 

The  proportion  of  males  attending  school  is  much  higher  than  that 
of  females,  and  so  great  a  difference  in  this  respect  is  unusual. 

School  attendants  classified  by  age. — In  the  following  table  the  pro- 
portion of  school  attendants  in  the  several  age  classes  is  given: 

Number  and  per  cent  of  school  children  by  age. 


Age  period. 

Population. 

School  at- 
tendants. 

Per  cent 
attend- 
ing 
school. 

0-4... 

150,403 

209 

0.1 

5-9  

143,546 

10,254 

7.1 

10-14  

124,353 

14,492 

11.6 

15-17  

54,494 

1,052 

1.9 

18+... 

480  447 

aoc 

Total  

953,243 

26,212 

2.7 

The  one  noticeable  feature  of  the  preceding  table  is  the  relatively 
small  proportion  of  children  between  5  and  10  years  of  age  who  were 
attending  school,  and  the  sharp  maximum  in  the  proportion  for  the 
age  period  10-14.  In  Cuba  the  proportions  of  children  of  these  two 
age  periods  attending  school  are  more  nearly  alike. 


78 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


School  atteiid<i /it*  <-l<ixxifit'd  Inj  ritcv. — The  following  table  gives  the 
facts  regarding-  school  attendance  for  Porto  Rico,  by  race: 

Number  and  per  cent  of  school  children,  by  race. 


Race. 

Population 
5-17. 

Persons  5—17  attend- 
ing school. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

White  

196,%1 
125,432 

17,516 

8,282 

8.8 
6.6 

Colored  

Total  

322,393 

25,798 

8.0 

The  proportion  of  colored  children  attending  school  is  slightly  less 
than  the  proportion  of  white  children,  but  the  difference  between  the 
two  races  in  this  regard  is  comparative!}7  slight. 

In  the  following  table  the  proportion  of  school  attendants  for  each 
race  is  given  by  departments: 


Department. 

Per  cent  of  school 
attendants  among 
children  5  to  17 
years  old. 

White. 

Colored. 

Aguadilla  

6.0 
6.1 
8.8 
10.3 
11.  1 
11.1 
11.9 

7.2 
5.1 
6.7 
5.7 

7.7 
5.5 
7.3 

Arecibo  

Ponce  

Hivmarno 

Bftyamnn  .    . 

fJiifiyfunft 

Mayagnez  

The  proportions  of  school  attendants  in  the  several  departments  do 
not  vary  for  the  two  races  in  the  same  way.  In  Arecibo  both  races 
have  few  children  in  school  and  in  Mayaguez  both  have  many,  but  in 
Aguadilla,  relatively  to  the  other  departments,  there  are  few  white  and 
many  colored  school  children,  and  in  Guayarna  there  are  many  white 
and  few  colored.  Hence  school  attendance  among  the  two  races  must 
be  influenced  by  somewhat  different  conditions. 

LITERACY   AMONG    PERSONS   OVER   TEN   YEARS   OF   AG3. 
[See  Tables  XVII  and  XVIII.] 

It  is  hardly  accurate  to  include  infants  with  the  illiterate,  even  though 
they  can  not  read,  for  the  word  "illiterate''  implies  that  the  person 
has  advanced  at  least  out  of  infancy  into  childhood.  Hence  it  is  the 
usual  practice  for  a  census  in  gathering  information  on  this  topic  to 
disregard  all  children  under  a  specified  age.  This  has  not  been  done 
in  the  censuses  of  Spain  or  of  the  Spanish  colonies,  but  in  American 
census  practice  all  children  under  ten  are  omitted  from  the  illiteracy 
till  »les.  Such  a  classification  is  made  in  the  present  census  of  Porto 
Kico,  and  will  be  regarded  in  the  following  discussion.  For  reasons 
already  explained,  only  two  classes  will  !>c  considered — those  who  are 


CENSUS  OF  PORTO  RICO   1899. 


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LITERACY. 


79 


and  those  who  are  not  able  to  read. 
facts  for  all  Porto  Rico: 


The  following  table  gives  the 


Class. 

Population 
10+. 

Per  cent 

149,  796 

22.7 

509,498 

77.3 

Total                                    

659,294 

100.0 

About  one-fourth  of  the  population  of  Porto  Rico,  excluding  young 
children,  were  able  to  read,  a  proportion  decidedly  less  than  that  in 
any  American  state. 

The  following  table  shows  for  the  several  departments  the  number 
and  proportion  of  persons  able  to  read.  The  departments  are  arranged 
in  the  order  of  increasing  proportion  of  literates. 


Department. 

Total  popu- 
lation 
10+. 

Persons 
able  to 
read. 

Per  cent 
able  to 
read. 

Aguadilla  

68,307 

11,454 

16.8 

Arecibo      .                        

110,832 

18,7% 

17.0 

Humacao  

60.539 

11,574 

19.1 

Guavama                           

75,750 

15,497 

20.5 

Ponce  

141,901 

34,390 

24.2 

Mavaguez  

91,052 

25,931 

28.5 

Bavamon  

110,  913 

32,154 

29.0 

Porto  Rico  

659,294 

149,  7% 

22.7 

Here,  as  in  the  previous  discussion,  it  appears  that  the  part  of  the 
island  most  imperfectly  provided  with  school  facilities,  and  offering 
the  least  evidence  of  even  elementary  educational  attainments,  is  in  the 
northwest — Aguadilla  and  Arecibo.  The  three  departments  having  the 
highest  proportion  of  persons  able  to  read  are  the  departments  con- 
taining cities  of  some  size. 

The  per  cent  of  persons  over  10  who  were  able  to  read  has  also  been 
computed  for  each  municipal  district  and  will  be  found  graphically 
represented  on  the  map  facing  this  page.  While  it  is  not  worth  while 
to  present  here  the  figures  for  each  district,  since  they  can  readily  be 
computed  from  the  data  in  Table  XVII,  it  may  be  of  interest  to  present 
the  ratios  for  a  few  districts  having  the  largest  and  smallest  propor- 
tions of  literates.  The  first  five  and  last  five  districts  in  this  respect 
were  as  follows: 


Municipal  district. 

Per  cent  of 
persons 
10+  able 
to  read. 

Municipal  district. 

Per  cent  of 
persons 
10+  able 
to  read. 

San  Juan  

63.7 

Aguada  

12  4 

Mavaguez.  ..        

41  6 

Moca 

12  2 

JIayaqucz  city  

61.3 

Piedras  .  . 

11  7 

Ponce  

38  3 

11  3 

Ponce  city  

55.5 

Rincon  .        . 

9  9 

Vieques  

30  8    I1 

1    Guavama  

29.8    I1 

80  BEPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    POKTo    RICO,   1899. 

The  preceding  figures  show  clearly  the  degree  to  which  the  elements 
of  education  are  confined  to  the  cities  of  Porto  Rico.  Each  of  the 
three  cities  has  a  percentage  of  persons  over  10  able  to  read,  almost 
twice  as  high  as  the  highest  of  the  66  municipal  districts  not  contain- 
ing a  large  city.  As  nearly  L'.oOO  years  ago  the  elements  of  Chris- 
tianity spread  first  through  the  cities  of  the  Roman  Empire,  while 
the  inhabitants  of  the  villages  and  rural  districts  clung  to  the  earlier 
faith  until  the  residents  of  the  village  (pagus)  or  of  the  country  (heath) 
came  to  be  identified  as  pagans  and  heathen  with  the  believers  in  the 
religion  that  was  passing  away,  so  at  the  present  time  in  Porto  Rico 
and  Cuba  the  elements  of  education  seem  to  have  spread  mainly  or 
exclusively  in  the  cities,  leaving  the  country  folk  to  ignorance.  This 
illiteracy  presses  upon  both  races  alike,  and  so  far  as  one  can  judge 
from  the  geographical  position  alone,  it  is  not  true  in  Porto  Rico,  as  in 
the  United  States,  that  illiteracy  is  most  prevalent  where  the  colored 
race  is  in  largest  proportions.  For  the  five  municipal  districts  in  Porto 
Rico  given  in  the  preceding  list  as  having  the  smallest  proportions  of 
persons  able  to  read  have,  respective!}',  beginning  with  Rincon.  14.1  per 
cent,  21.7  per  cent,  62  per  cent,  11.7  per  cent,  and  15.9  per  cent  of  colored 
population,  while  the  average  for  the  whole  island  is  38.2  per  cent. 

If  one  examines  the  location  on  the  map  of  Porto  Rico  of  the  muni- 
cipal districts  with  largest  and  smallest  proportion  of  persons  able  to 
read,  one  notices  that  the  districts  with  the  best  educated  population 
seem  to  lie  along  the  coast,  while  the  districts  having  the  most  illiter- 
ate population  generally  lie  in  the  interior.  In  order  to  determine 
whether  this  is  a  general  fact,  the  percentage  of  illiterates  to  the 
population  over  10  has  been  computed  for  the  37  coast  districts,  the 
three  containing  large  cities  being  excluded,  and  for  the  29  inland 
districts.  It  appears  that  along  the  coast  outside  the  large  cities,  20.5 
per  cent  of  the  population  over  10  were  able  to  read,  while  in  the 
inland  districts  on  the  average  only  17.3  per  cent  were  able  to  read. 
But  it  has  already  been  shown  in  the  discussion  of  race  (p.  59)  that  the 
percentage  of  colored  in  the  coast  districts  is  7.5  per  cent  higher  than 
in  the  interior  districts,  and  from  a  subsequent  paragraph  (p.  82)  it  will 
appear  that  the  percentage  of  illiteracy  among  colored  in  Porto  Rico  is 
much  higher  than  among  the  whites.  It  is  not  improbable,  therefore, 
that  there  is  a  greater  difference  between  the  whites  of  the  interior  dis- 
tricts and  the  whites  along  the  coast,  and  between  the  colored  of  the 
interior  districts  and  the  colored  along  the  coast,  than  the  figures  just 
stated  would  indicate.  In  other  words,  this  may  be  an  instance  of  two 
counteracting  tendencies  which  nearly  neutralize  each  other.  The 
two  races  in  Porto  Rico,  as  in  the  United  States,  tend  somewhat  to 
separate  along  lines  of  altitude,  thus  making  the  whites  more  numer- 
ous in  the  interior.  But  the  inland  population  apparently  has  less 
opportunity  and  perhaps  less  craving  to  acquire  the  elements  of  educa- 


LITEKACY. 


81 


tion,  while  on  the  other  hand  the  white  race  usually  has  a  somewhat 
greater  eagerness  for  this  accomplishment  than  the  colored. 

In  the  following  table  the  facts  are  given  for  Porto  Rico  by  sex: 


Class. 

Population  10+. 

Per  cent. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Able  to  read  

82,882 
239,685 

66,914 
269,813 

26.7 
74.3 

19.9 
80.1 

Unable  to  read  

Total                        

322,567 

336,727 

100.0 

100.0 

The  corresponding  per  cents  of  persons  able  to  read  in  Cuba  are: 
Males,  44.6;  females,  41.7;  and  for  the  United  States  they  are:  Males, 
87.6;  females,  85.6;  so  that  in  all  three  countries,  and  indeed  in  most 
countries  where  the  information  is  obtainable,  ability  to  read  is  some- 
what more  general  among  men  than  among  women. 

In  the  following  table  the  proportion  of  persons  able  to  read  in  each 
age  group  is  given  for  the  total  population: 


Age  period. 

Per  cent 
able  to 
read. 

Age  period. 

Per  cent 
able  to 
read. 

10-14       .                    

20.6 

45-54... 

19.2 

15-19 

25  2 

55-64  

17.8 

20-24 

27  1 

66+ 

17.7 

25-29 

24  4 

30-34 

23.2 

Total  

22.7 

35-44  

22.3 

Of  the  persons  between  15  and  30  years  of  age  about  one-fourth 
were  able  to  read,  while  persons  in  the  earlier  or  later  age  periods  less 
often  possessed  this  ability.  That  the  persons  in  the  later  age  periods 
are  most  illiterate  appears  clearly  from  the  table,  and  points  to  the 
conclusion,  already  shown  by  the  illiteracy  figures  of  earlier  censuses, 
that  the  rising  generation  are  enjoying  better  educational  advantages 
than  their  parents. 

In  the  following  table  the  per  cent  of  persons  of  each  sex  able  to 
read  is  given  for  the  successive  age  periods.  To  economize  attention 
the  numbers  from  which  the  ratios  were  computed  have  been  omitted. 
They  may  be  found  on  page  245,  f. 


Age  period. 

Per  cent  able  to  read. 

Males. 

Females. 

10-14.     . 

21.8 
25.9 
31.2 
29.2 
27.6 
26.6 
22.8 
20.6 
20.5 

19.3 
24.7 
23.4 
20.1 
19.0 
17.8 
15.7 
15.0 
15.2 

15-19  .                 

20-24. 

25-29  

30-34 

35-44  

45-54  

55-64  

65+  

Total  

25.7 

19.8 

8490— 


82 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO   RICO,   1899. 


From  this  table  it  is  seen  that  at  all  age  periods  the  ability  to  road 
is  an  attainment  somewhat  more  common  among  men  than  among 
women,  but  that  the  difference  between  the  two  sexes  is  least  during 
the  early  periods  of  life,  between  10  and  20  years  of  age,  and  greatest 
during  the  years  of  middle  life.  Apparently,  therefore,  educational 
facilities  are  open  to  the  two  sexes  more  equally  at  the  present  time 
than  a  generation  ago. 

In  the  following  table  the  number  and  per  cent  of  males  and  females 
able  to  read  are  given  for  Porto  Rico,  with  distinction  of  race: 


Race  and  sex. 

Total  per- 
sons 10+. 

Persons 
able  to 
read. 

Per  cent 
able  to 
read. 

White  males                     

202,351 

62,335 

30.8 

White  females  

206,727 

48,511 

23.5 

•  Total  white                      

409,078 

110,  846 

27.1 

Colored  males 

120,  216 

20,547 

17.1 

Colored  females               

130,000 

18,403 

14.2 

Total  colored 

250,216 

38,950 

15.6 

Of  the  whites  over  10  years  of  age,  more  than  one-fourth  are  able 
to  read,  while  of  the  colored,  not  quite  one-sixth  have  this  attainment. 
One  notices  also  that  the  difference  between  the  two  sexes  is  grout cr 
among  the  whites  than  among  the  colored.  The  proportion  of  white 
females  able  to  read  is  about  two-thirds  greater  than  the  proportion  of 
colored  females,  but  the  proportion  of  white  males  able  to  read  is  four- 
fifths  greater  than  the  proportion  of  colored  males. 

In  the  following  table  the  proportion  of  persons  able  to  read  at  the 
successive  age  periods  is  given  separately  for  native  white,  foreign 
born  white,  and  colored: 


Age  period. 

Per  cent  able  to  read. 

Native 
white. 

Foreign 
born 
white. 

Colored. 

10-14... 

23.3 
28.3 
29.7 
26.5 
25.2 
24.7 
22.2 
21.1 
21.4 

87.2 
93.4 
92.4 
91.6 
91.2 
87.9 
83.3 
79.2 
74.9 

15.9 
18.9 
20.3 
17.5 
15.6 
13.6 
9.8 
8.3 
7.2 

15-19  

20-24  

25-29  .       ... 

30-34  

35-J4  

45-54  

55-64  

65+  

Total  

25.4 

87.5 

15.6 

The  preceding  table  shows  most  conspicuously  the  verj7  high  degree 
of  literacy  among  the  few  foreign  born  whites  in  Porto  Rico.  At  the 
ages  at  which  immigrants  usually  come  to  the  island,  over  nine-tenths 
of  the  foreign  born  white  are  able  to  read,  while  among  native  whites 


SCHOOLS. 


83 


the  proportion  never  rises  to  three-tenths.  This  high  proportion  of 
literacy  among  the  foreign  born  no  doubt  contributes  to  the  high 
degree  of  literacy  in  the  cities  in  which  these  foreign  born  usually 
remain. 

Another  inference  from  this  table  is  that  the  difference  between 
white  and  colored,  like  the  difference  between  male  and  female,  is  less 
in  the  rising  generation  than  it  was  in  the  preceding.  During  the  ages 
from  10  to  20,  the  per  cent  of  literates  among  the  native  whites  is  only 
about  one-half  greater  than  it  is  among  the  colored,  but  in  the  latest 
age  period  the  proportion  of  white  literates  is  more  than  three  times 
that  of  colored  literates. 


STATISTICS   OF    EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS. 
[See  Tables  XXI  and  XXII.] 

In  addition  to  the  facts  regarding  education  derived  from  the 
schedule  for  population  and  just  explained,  a  special  schedule  for  schools 
was  furnished  to  the  enumerators,  of  which  the  following  is  a  trans- 
lation: 

Census  of  Porto  Rico,  taken  under  the  direction  of  the  United  States,  1899. 
SCHEDULE  No.  2. — SCHOOL  STATISTICS. 


Supervisor's  district  No. 
Compiled  by  me  on  the  • 


— .     District  of  enumeration  No. 
day  of ,  1899. 


-,  Enumerator. 


1.  Name  of  the  school. 

2.  Situation. 

3.  State  whether  the  school  is  supported  by  public,  private,  or  religious  funds. 

4.  State  whether  pupils  are  day  or  boarding  pupils. 

5.  Number  of  buildings  composing  the  school;  seating  capacity. 

6.  Number  of  teachers:  males;  females. 

7.  Number  of  pupils  in  the  school  during  the  last  school  year: 


Color  or  race. 

Pay  pupils. 

Free  pupils. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

White  

Negro  

Mixed  

Chinese  

-,  1898,  to 


•    8.  Number  of  working  days  in  the  last  school  vear,  from  - 
1899. 
9.  Average  daily  attendance  of  pupils  during  the  last  school  year. 

Tables  XXI  and  XXII  have  been  prepared  from  the  facts  reported 
on  that  schedule.  From  Table  XXII  it  appears  that  27,118  pupils  were 
reported  on  the  school  schedule  as  attending  school.  From  Table  XX 
it  appears  that  26,212  children  were  reported  as  having  attended  school 
at  some  time  during  the  twelve  months  preceding  November  10, 1899; 
that  is,  the  school  children  reported  on  the  school  schedule  were  3  per 


84 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


cent  more  numerous  than  those  reported  on  the  population  schedule. 
In  the  following  table  the  results  are  brought  together  by  departments: 


Department. 

Children  reported  as 
attending  school. 

Excess(  +  ) 
or  deficien- 
cy (—  )  re- 
ported on 
school 
schedule. 

On 
population 
schedule. 

On  school 
schedule. 

Agiiadilla  

2,109 
3,368 
5,207 
3,250 
2,403 
4,304 
5,571 

2,282 
3,795 
5,795 
3,678 
2,966 
3,590 
5,012 

+173 
+427 
•  588 

+428 
+563 
-714 
-559 

Arecibo  

Bavamon  

Guavama                     

Humacao               

Mayaguez  

Ponce  

Porto  Rico  

26,212 

27,118 

+906 

In  five  departments  more  children  were  reported  on  the  school 
schedule,  and  in  two,  more  were  reported  on  the  population  schedule. 
The  general  results  from  the  two  independent  sources  of  information, 
however,  are  not  very  widely  divergent  and  serve  rather  to  corrobo- 
rate than  to  impeach  each  other. 

The  number  of  school  teachers  reported  on  the  school  schedules  was 
623,  while  the  total  number  of  teachers  reported  on  the  population 
schedule  (Table  XXV)  was  809.  This  suggests  that  there  were  either 
man}'  teachers  on  the  island  who  were  not  school  teachers  or  many 
from  whom  no  returns  were  obtained  regarding  their  schools.  The 
deficiency  was  almost  entirely  among  male  teachers,  for  the  occupa- 
tion returns  show  246  female  teachers,  while  the  educational  returns 
show  248  female  teachers.  On  the  other  hand,  the  occupation  tables 
show  563  male  teachers,  while  the  returns  on  the  educational  schedule 
show  only  375  male  school  teachers. 

Aside  from  the  conclusions  already  drawn  from  the  tables  for  educa- 
tion, school  attendance,  and  literacy,  the  following  inferences  from 
Tables  XXI  and  XXII  seem  warranted: 

1.  The  reported  seating  capacity  (29,164)  was  about  8  per  cent 
greater  than  the  entire  number  of  pupils  (27,118). 

2.  The  average  attendance  was  only  about  four-sevenths   of  the 
pupils  enrolled. 

3.  Of  the  schools,  about  seven-eighths  were  public  and  one-eighth 
private  or  religious;  a  condition  widely  different  from  that  in  Cuba, 
where  only  about  one-half  were  public. 

4.  In  five  departments  the  number  of  school  buildings  was  equal  to 
the  reported  number   of  schools;  in  the  other  two  departments  the 
school  buildings  slightly  outnumbered  the  schools. 

5.  Of  the  school-teachers,  about  three-fifths  were  male  and  two- 
fifths  female.     In  Cuba  about  two-fifths  were  male. 

6.  Of  the  pupils,  about  nine-tenths  \V<M v  free  pupils  and  one-tenth 
pay  pupils.     In  Cuba  three-fourths  were  free  pupils  and  one-fourth 


SCHOOLS. 


85 


pay  pupils.     But  in  Cuba,  outside  of  Habana  province,  the  proportions 
were  more  like  those  of  Porto  Rico. 

7.  The  following  table  gives  the  proportions  of  each  class  of  popu- 
lation reported  as  in  school: 


Class  of  population. 

Total 
number. 

Pupils 
entered. 

Per  cent  of 
pupils  to 
population. 

White                                 

589,426 

17,874 

3.0 

59,390 

2,427 

4.0 

Mulatto  

304,352 

6,717 

2.2 

Total                

953,168 

1  27,  018 

2.8 

1  Seemingly  100  pupils  in  Guayama  were  not  returned  by  race.    Compare  the  figures  for  this  depart- 
ment in  Tables  XXI  and  XXII. 

It  is  surprising  that  the  proportion  of  negroes  in  school  should  be 
higher  than  that  of  the  whites.  Some  light  may  be  thrown  upon  this 
fact  by  a  study  of  the  proportion  in  school  of  each  race  in  the  several 
departments.  That  analysis  follows: 


Department. 

Per  cent  oJ 

race  specifi 
as  pupils. 

ed  entered 

White. 

Negro. 

Mixed. 

Aguadilla    ..              

2.1 

5.7 

2.2 

Arecibo                    

2.4 

3.2 

1.6 

Bavamon    

4.1 

4.3 

2.7 

Guayama  

3.9 

4.5 

2.1 

Humacao                           

4.1 

4.0 

2.3 

Mavaguez  

3.0 

3.2 

2.2 

.  Ponce  

2.7 

3.5 

1.9 

Porto  Rico                            

3.0 

4.0 

2  •> 

Here  again  it  appears  that  in  all  but  one  of  the  seven  departments 
the  proportion  of  negroes  attending  school  is  greater  than  that  of  the 
whites,  while  the  proportion  of  mixed  is  lowest  of  the  three.  These 
ratios  are  so  contrary  to  the  usual  fact  in  such  cases  that  one  is  com- 
pelled to  cast  about  for  an  explanation.  It  is  perhaps  fair  to  assume 
that  a  certain  number  of  school  children  have  been  reported  on  the 
school  schedule  by  their  teachers  as  negro,  while  the  same  children 
were  reported  on  the  population  schedule  by  their  parents  as  mixed. 
If  so,  the  true  number  of  negro  school  children  would  be  exaggerated 
or  the  number  of  negroes  in  the  total  population  understated. 

In  confirmation  of  this  hypothesis  the  following  evidence  may  be 
offered.  By  the  present  census  there  were  363,817  returned  as  colored, 
substantially  all  being  negroes  or  mixed,  the  Chinese  constituting  less 
than  100  of  the  total.  Of  these  colored  onl}T  59,390,  or  16.3  per  cent, 
were  returned  as  negroes.  Among  the  children  attending  school,  as 
returned  on  the  school  schedule,  there  were  9,1-14  colored,  and  of  these 
2,427,  or  26.5  per  "cent,  were  returned  as  negroes.  There  seems  little 
reason  to  suppose  that  the  proportion  of  negroes  among  colored  school 
children  is  greater  than  the  proportion  of  negroes  among  the  colored 


86 


BEPOKT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


population  of  all  ages.  The  presumption  apparently  would  be  in  the 
opposite  direction.  Assuming,  however,  that  the  true  proportion  was 
the  same,  it  would  seem  that  while  only  one-sixth  of  the  colored  popu- 
lation were  reported  at  their  homes  as  negro,  more  than  one-fourth  of 
the  colored  children  attending  school  were  reported  as  negroes  by  the 
teachers  giving  information  concerning  them.  This  tends  to  discredit 
the  testimon}T  obtained  by  the  census  from  the  population  of  the  coun- 
try regarding  the  degree  of  intermixture  between  white  and  colored, 
and  to  strengthen  the  distrust  of  the  figures  for  negro  and  mixed 
already  aroused  by  the  surprising  change  in  the  reported  proportion 
of  mixed  between  1897  and  1899.  (See  p.  58.)  Whether  the  line  sepa- 
rating the  white  population  from  that  of  mixed  blood  has  been  drawn 
in  the  census  with  greater  accuracy  is  open  to  question,  but  upon  that 
no  internal  evidence  has  been  found. 

OCCUPATIONS. 

[See  Tables  XXIII-XXX.] 

The  instructions  issued  in  Spanish  to  Porto  Rican  enumerators  with 
reference  to  filling  this  part  of  the  schedule  may  be  translated  as  fol- 
lows: 

This  inquiry  (column  11)  applies  to  every  person  10  years  of  age  and  over  having 
a  gainful  occupation,  and  calls  for  the  profession,  trade,  or  branch  of  work  upon 
which  each  person  depends  chiefly  for  support,  or  in  which  he  is  engaged  ordinarily 
during  the  larger  part  of  the  time.  In  reporting  occupations  avoid  general  or  indefi- 
nite terms  which  do  not  indicate  the  kind  of  work  done.  You  need  not  give  a  per- 
son's occupation  just  as  he  expresses  it.  If  he  can  not  tell  intelligibly  what  he  is, 
find  out  what  he  does,  and  describe  his  occupation  accordingly.  For  wives  and 
daughters  at  home,  engaged  in  the  duties  of  the  household  only,  write  "at  home" 
(en  casa).  For  children  not  actually  at  work,  write  "at  school"  (estudiante)  or  "at 
home"  (en  cosa),  as  the  case  may  be.  Spell  out  the  name  of  the  occupation  and  do 
not  abbreviate  in  any  case.1 

The  number  of  Porto  Ricans  reported  as  having  gainful  occupations 
was  316,365,  or  33.1  per  cent  of  the  total  population.  The  figures  for 
Porto  Rico  are  compared  with  those  for  Cuba  and  the  United  States  in 
the  following  table: 


Country. 

Date. 

Total  popu- 
lation. 

In  gainful  occupations. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Porto  Rico  

1899 
1899 
1890 

953,243 
1,572,797 
62,622,250 

316,365 
622,880 

22,735,661 

33.1 
39.6 
36.3 

Cuba  

United  States  

1  It  is  desirable  that  some  brief  terms  should  be  introduced  to  describe  persons  cov- 
ered by  the  preceding  instructions,  and  accurately  but  clumsily  described  as  persons 
engaged  in  gainful  occupations  and  persons  not  engaged  in  gainful  occupations.  In 
the  following  discussion  the  terms  "bread winners"  or  "persons  at  work"  will  some- 
times be  used  for  one  class,  and  "dependents"  for  the  other.  Any  term  must  be 
understood  in  accordance  with  these,  instructions  rather  than  with  ite  usual  and  popu- 
lar meaning. 


OCCUPATIONS. 


87 


From  these  figures  it  appears  that  Porto  Rico  has  only  one-third  of 
its  population  engaged  in  some  gainful  occupation,  while  in  Cuba  the 
proportion  is  about  two-fifths,  and  in  the  United  States  about  midway 
between  the  two.  Some  reasons  for  the  difference  will  appear  as  the 
subject  is  probed  farther. 

The  absolute  and  relative  number  of  persons  engaged  in  gainful 
occupations  in  the  several  departments  is  as  follows: 


Department. 

Population. 

In  gainful  occupations. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Arecibo    

162,308 
111,986 
88,501 
99,645 
160,046 
203,191 
127,566 

51,439 
36,154 
28,815 
32,644 
52,822 
69,803 
44,688 

31.6 
32.2 
32.5 
32.7 
33.0 
34.3 
35.0 

Gua  vama  

Humacao  

Aguadilla 

Ba  vamon  

Ponce  

Mayaguez  

Here,  as  elsewhere,  one  finds  little  difference  between  the  depart- 
ments of  Porto  Rico  in  comparison  with  that  between  the  provinces 
of  Cuba  or  the  states  of  the  American  Union.  The  range  in  Porto 
Rico  between  the  highest  and  the  lowest  divisions  was  3.4  per  cent, 
while  for  the  provinces  of  Cuba  it  was  12.6,  and  for  the  states  of  the 
United  States  25.4  per  cent.  There  is  no  correlation  traceable  in  the 
preceding  table  between  the  proportion  of  persons  in  gainful  occupa- 
tions and  the  proportion  of  urban  population.  Yet  it  is  generally 
found  that  the  relative  number  of  breadwinners1  is  greater  in  cities 
than  in  the  rural  districts.  To  determine  whether  this  general  statis- 
tical fact  holds  for  Porto  Rico,  the  following  table  has  been  prepared 
for  the  three  large  cities  and  the  remainder  of  the  departments  in 
which  tH^e  cities  lie: 


Department. 

Per  cent  of  persons 
engaged  in  gainful 
occupations. 

In  princi- 
pal city. 

In  rest  of 
depart- 
ment. 

Bayamon  

43.7 
43.7 
46.2 

30.3 
33.8 
32.4 

Mayaguez  ....                .                           

Ponce  

Total  

44.6 

32.1 

From  the  above  it  will  be  seen  that  in  Mayaguez  city  the  proportion 
of  breadwinners  is  nearly  three-tenths  greater  than  in  Mayaguez 
department  outside  the  city,  and  that  in  Ponce  and  San  Juan  cities 
the  proportion  is  over  two-fifths  greater  than  in  the  remainder  of  the 
departments  in  which  they  lie.  The  difference  between  city  and 
country  in  Porto  Rico  as  thus  measured,  is  more  than  one-half  greater 

1  See  page  86,  footnote. 


88 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


than  the  average  difference  in  the  United  States,  and  fully  fpur  times 
greater  than  the  average  difference  in  Cuba. 

BREADWINNERS  CLASSIFIED  BY  SEX. 

The  following  table  gives  the  absolute  and  relative  number  of  males 
and  of  females  reported  as  engaged  in  gainful  occupations  in  Porto 
Rico.  For  comparative  purposes  the  figures  for  Cuba  and  the  United 
States  have  been  included. 


Country. 

Males. 

Females. 

Total. 

Breadwinners. 

Total. 

Breadwinners. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Porto  Rico  

472,261 
815,205 
32,067,880 

268,664 
555,974 
18,821,090 

56.9 
68.2 
58.7 

480,982 
757,  692 
30,554,370 

47,  701 
66,356 
3,  914,  571 

9.9 
8.8 
12.8 

Cuba  

United  States  (1890)  

From  this  table  it  appears  that  the  small  proportion  of  breadwinners 
in  Porto  Rico,  as  compared  with  Cuba,  holds  only  of  the  males,  the 
proportion  of  females  at  work  in  Porto  Rico  being  somewhat  greater 
than  in  Cuba,  although  decidedly  less  than  in  the  United  States.  The 
differences  between  the  departments  in  the  number  of  male  breadwin- 
ners are  slight,  the  range  between  Bayamon  and  Ponce,  the  depart- 
ments with  the  lowest  and  highest  proportions,  respectively,  being  less 
than  3  per  cent.  Among  females,  the  range  between  Arecibo,  with  the 
lowest  proportion,  and  Mayaguez,  with  the  highest,  is  nearly  5  per 
cent,  a  range  somewhat  greater  than  that  obtaining  with  males.  As 
the  department  with  fewest  males  at  work  is  not  that  with  fewest 
females  at  work,  and  as  the  department  with  most  males  at  work  is 
not  that  with  most  females,  it  would  seem  that  the  conditions  affecting 
breadwinning  on  the  part  of  the  two  sexes  are  not  identical.  The 
three  departments  with  a  high  ratio  of  female  breadwinners  are  the 
three  containing  large  cities.  This  suggests  that  breadwinning  on  the 
part  of  women  may  be  more  common  in  the  cities.  To  test  this,  the 
percentage  of  breadwinners  in  the  urban  and  rural  population  of  these 
three  departments  is  given  with  distinction  of  sex. 

Per  cent  of  breadwinners  in  urban  and  rural  population,  by  sex. 


Department. 

Male. 

Female. 

In  princi- 
pal city. 

In  rest 
of  depart- 
ment. 

In  princi- 
pal city. 

In  rest 
of  depart- 
ment. 

Bayamon  

65.8 
64.0 
65.4 

63.1 

57.5 
67.4 

•24.1 
27.3 
29.0 

8.1 
10.3 
6.8 

Mayaguez  

Ponce  

Total  

65.3 

56.1 

26.6 

8.1 

From  this  table  it  appears  that  while  gainful  occupations  are  more 
common  with  both  sexes  in  the  cities,  yet  the  difference  is  far  greater 
among  females  than  among  mules.  Female  breadwinners  in  the  cities 


OCCUPATIONS. 


89 


are  over  one-fourth,  while  in  the  rural  districts  the  proportion  is  only 
one-third  as  high.  The  difference  between  city  and  country  in  the 
ratio  of  breadwinners  to  population  is  thus  partly  explained  by  the 
greater  proportion  of  female  breadwinners  in  the  cities. 

BREADWINNERS   CLASSIFIED   BY  AGE. 

In  the  discussion  of  age  it  was  shown  (p.  48)  that  the  proportion  of 
children  under  10  in  Porto  Rico  is  larger  than  almost  anywhere  else  in 
the  civilized  world.  In  the  vast  majority  of  cases,  such  children  are 
dependent  upon  their  elders  for  support.  It  is  not  quite  accurate, 
therefore,  to  compare  the  number  of  persons  engaged  in  gainful  occu- 
pations, practical!}'  all  of  whom  are  over  10,  with  the  total  population, 
nearly  a  third  of  whom  are  under  10.  A  more  specific  comparison, 
that  of  breadwinners  with  the  population  over  10,  is  made  below. 


Country. 

Persons  10  +. 

Persons  in  gainful 
occupations. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Porto  Rico    

659,294 
1,215,810 
47,413,559 

316,366 
622,330 
22,735,661 

48.0 
51.2 
47.9 

Cuba 

United  States  (1890)  

When  the  children  under  10  are  excluded,  the  difference  already 
noted  (p.  86)  between  Porto  Rico  and  the  United  States  in  the  ratio  >f 
breadwinners  disappears.  But  the  difference  between  the  two  and 
Cuba  still  remains. 

When  similar  percentages  are  computed  for  the  seven  departments, 
it  appears  that  the  lowest,  Arecibo,  differs  from  the  highest.  Ponce, 
by  on\y  2.8  per  cent,  while,  when  the  total  population  is  included,  the 
lowest  differs  from  the  highest  by  3.4  per  cent.  This  shows  that  the 
differences  between  the  departments  are  partly,  though  not  entirely, 
due  to  their  differences  in  the  proportion  of  young  children.  In  the 
following  table  the  number  and  per  cent  of  persons  in  gainful  occupa- 
tions are  given  with  details  of  age,  and  for  comparison  percentage 
columns  for  Cuba  and  the  United  States  are  introduced. 

Persons  in  gainful  occupations. 


Age  period. 

Population. 

Number  in 
Porto  Rico. 

Per  cent  in  — 

Porto 
Rico. 

Cuba. 

United 
States. 

0-9... 

293,949 
124,353 
93,148 
88.475 
84,266 
64,317 
91,802 
69,268 
33.716 
19,  950 

1,670 
27,939 
45,990 
48,195 
45,008 
35,593 
52,267 
32,859 
17,951 
8,893 

0.5 
22.4 
49.3 
54.4 
63.4 
65.3 
56.9 
55.4 
53.2 
44.5 

0.6 
24.6 
48.8 
66.2 
57.7 
59.3 
60.4 
60.3 
59.5 
62.0 

10-14. 

8.6 
42.9 
61.4 

}      59.1 

57.7 
66.4 
54.1 
41.6 

15-19  

20-24 

25-29... 

30-34 

35-44. 

45-54 

65-64  

65  +  

Total 

9.=W.-J!:i          316,365 

33.1 

39.6 

36.3 

90 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


Iii  Porto  Rico  over  one-fifth  of  the  children  between  10  and  14  are 
reported  as  engaged  in  gainful  occupations;  between  15  and  19  nearly 
one-half  are  so  reported;  and  from  that  age  to  that  of  65,  between  five- 
tenths  and  six-tenths  of  the  persons  are  reported  as  at  work.  During 
the  later  years  of  life,  from  35  to  65,  the  proportion  of  persons  at  work 
in  Porto  Rico  is  lower  than  in  either  Cuba  or  the  United  States,  but  for 
persons  over  65  the  minimum  is  found  in  the  United  States.  The  high 
proportion  of  children  in  gainful  occupations  is  closely  connected  not 
merely  with  the  poverty  of  the  masses  in  Porto  Rico,  but  also  with 
her  backward  industrial  condition  and  the  slight  development  of  the 
school  system,  which  has  appeared  from  the  illiteracy  and  education 
tables. 

BREADWINNERS   CLASSIFIED   BY  AGE    AND    SEX. 

In  the  following  table  the  number  of  breadwinners  in  Porto  Rico  of 
the  specified  sex  and  age  is  given,  and  the  percentage  that  the  bread- 
winners make  of  the  total  number  of  persons  of  a  given  age  and  sex  is 
shown  in  parallel  columns  for  Porto  Rico,  Cuba,  and  the  United  States. 
The  figures  for  Porto  Rico  from  which  the  percentages  have  been 
computed  may  be  derived  from  those  on,  page  306. 

Number  and  per  cent  of  persons,  of  sex  and  age  specified,  engaged  in  gainful  occupation*. 


Age  period. 

Males  in  gainful  occupations. 

Females  in  gainful  occupations. 

Number 
in  Porto 
Rico. 

Per  cent  in  — 

Number 
in  Porto 
Rico. 

Per  cent  in  — 

Porto 
Rico. 

Cuba. 

United 

States 
(1890). 

Porto 
Rico. 

Cuba. 

United 

States 
(1890). 

0-9... 

900 
23,155 
37,453 
40,408 
38,497 
30,665 
45,228 
28,468 
15,857 
8,033 

0.6 
35.5 
87.2 
96.9 
97.5 
97.7 
97.4 
96.2 
94.6 
86.6 

0.9 
44.0 
91.6 
98.1 
98.5 
98.6 
98.3 
97.5 
96.2 
90.2 

770 
4,784 
8,537 
7,787 
f      6,511 
\      4,928 
7,039 
.4,391 
2,094 
860 

0.5 
8.0 
17.0 
16.6 
14.6 
14.9 
15.5 
14.7 
12.3 
8.0 

0.2 
4.5 
10.3 
11.4 
12.0 
13.4 
14.6 
15.6 
15.8 
13.3 

10-14  . 

11.2 
58.6 
92.0 

}        97-.  4 

97.9 
96.6 
92.9 
73.8 

6.9 
27.4 
30.6 

1          17.3 

13.2 
12.9 
12.0 
8.3 

15-19  

20-24 

25-29  

30-34  

35^4  .     . 

45-64  

55-64  

65+  

Total  . 

268,664 

56.8 

68.2 

58.7 

47,  701 

9.9 

8.8 

12.8 

If  the  percentages  for  the  three  countries  in  the  above  table  be 
carefully  compared,  it  will  appear  that,  generally  speaking,  Porto  Rico 
occupies  an  intermediate  position  between  Cuba  and  the  United  States. 
Among  the  three  countries  Cuba  has  the  largest  and  Porto  Rico  the 
smallest  proportion  of  male  breadwinners,  while  on  the  other  hand 
the  United  States  has  the  largest  and  Cuba  the  smallest  proportion  of 
female  breadwinners.  This  is  true,  not  only  of  the  total  population 
over  10,  but  of  most  of  the  separate  age  groups. 

A  noteworthy  difference  between  both  of  the  West  India  islands  on 
the  one  hand  and  the  United  States  on  the  other  is  the  large  propor- 
tion of  male  breadwinners  between  10  and  15  years  of  age.  The 
proportion  of  these  in  Porto  Rico  is  more  than  three  times,  and  in 
Cuba  nearly  four  times,  as  great  as  the  proportion  in  the  United  States. 


OCCUPATIONS. 


91 


Of  male  breadwinners  between  15  and  19,  the  proportion  in  the  two 
West  India  islands  is  greater  than  it  is  in  the  United  States  by  one-half, 
but  thereafter  the  proportions  of  male  breadwinners  in  the  three  coun- 
tries do  not  differ  very  widely.  During  the  latest  years  of  life,  over  55, 
the  proportion  is  lowest  in  the  United  States,  undoubtedly  owing  to 
the  considerable  number  of  persons  who  have  withdrawn  from  gainful 
occupations  and  are  living  on  their  own  savings  or  on  the  surplus  of 
other  members  of  the  household.  Boys  and  old  men  are  thus  at  work 
in  Porto  Rico  to  a  greater  degree  than  they  are  in  the  United  States. 

In  the  three  columns  for  women  another  remarkable  difference 
appears  between  the  two  West  India  islands  and  the  United  States.  In 
the  latter  the  proportion  of  female  breadwinners  rises  rapidly  in  the 
years  of  early  life  to  a  maximum  between  20  and  2-1  years  of  age,  when 
three  women  out  of  ten  are  in  gainful  occupations.  In  this  age 
period  the  proportion  of  female  wage  earners  in  the  United  States  is 
almost  double  that  at  any  age  in  Porto  Rico  or  Cuba,  but  the  propor- 
tion declines  so  rapidly  that  from  the  age  of  35  it  is  at  each  period 
lower  than  in  Cuba,  and  in  each  period  but  the  last  lower  than  in  Porto 
Rico.  Wage  earning  on  the  part  of  women  in  the  United  States  thus 
seems  to  be  in  man}-  cases  only  a  preliminary  to  marriage  and  the 
duties  of  family  life,  while  in  Porto  Rico  and  Cuba  it  would  seem  that 
female  breadwinners  more  commonly  work  through  the  years  of 
later  life. 

It  has  so  often  been  found  that  the  departments  differ  but  slightly 
from  each  other  in  their  census  figures,  that  it  is  hardly  worth  while  to 
push  the  analysis  to  that  detail.  The  city  and  country  districts,  how- 
ever, have  been  found  in  some  cases  to  differ  widely,  and  to  deter- 
mine whether  a  material  difference  exists  in  the  present  case  the  fol- 
lowing table  has  been  compiled,  in  which  by  "urban  districts"  are 
meant  the  two  cities  of  more  than  25,000  inhabitants — Ponce  and  San 
Juan,  and  by  "  rural  districts"  is  meant  the  rest  of  the  island.  Refer- 
ence to  the  extended  tables  will  show  that  these  are  the  only  two  cities 
which  are  separately  reported. 

Per  cent  of  persons  in  urban  and  rural  districts,  of  age  and  sex  specified,  who  were  engaged 

in  gainful  occupations. 


Age  period. 

Per  cent  of  breadwinners. 

Total.                   Male. 

Female. 

Urban. 

Rural. 

Urban. 

Rural. 

Urban.   Rural. 

0-9.. 

1.1 

21.5 
58.3 
65.2 
65.7 
67.7 
64.5 
59.5 
53.7 
35.5 

0.5 
22.5 
48.  C 
53.4 
52.3 
54.3 
56.3 
55.1 
53.2 
45.1 

0.9 
27.7 
86.4 
97.0 
97.5 
96.9 
95.7 
91.5 
87.0 
73.2 

0.5 
35.9 
87.3 
96.9 
97.5 
97.8 
97.5 
96.5 
95.0 
87.2 

1.3          0.4 
15.  6          7.  6 
34.  3         15.  5 
36.  1         14.  8 
35.  4         12.  8 
40.4    i     12.8 
37.1         13.6 
35.  0         12.  9 
31.0         10.6 
17.  9          7.  2 

10-14...  

15-19 

20-24  

25-29 

30-34  

35-44 

45-54... 

55-64 

65+  

Total  

44.9         32.4         65.6 

56.3     .    26.4           >.  7 

92 


KKl'ORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


From  the  first  two  columns  of  the  preceding  table  it  appears  that 
gainful  occupations  are  less  common  in  the  rural  than  in  the  urban 
districts  of  Porto  Rico  at  every  age  period  except  that  from  10  to  14, 
and  that  of  65+.  Child  labor  is  apparently,  and  the  labor  of  old  peo- 
ple is  certainly,  more  common  in  the  country  districts  than  it  is  in  the 
larger  cities.  The  greater  proportion  for  the  cities  in  the  other  age 
periods,  and  the  larger  proportion  of  children  in  the  country,  result 
in  a  ratio  of  breadwinners  to  total  population  in  the  urban  districts 
much  greater  than  in  the  country. 

Passing  to  the  two  columns  for  males,  one  notices  that  gainful  occu- 
pations for  that  sex  are  usually  more  common  in  the  rural  districts, 
the  only  important  exception  being  the  two  age  periods  between  20  and 
30,  when  the  proportion  of  breadwinners  in  city  and  country  is  about 
the  same.  The  minor  difference  in  the  proportion  under  10  may  be 
neglected.  Many  may  be  surprised  that  the  proportion  of  males 
engaged  in  gainful  occupations  is  greater  in  the  country  districts  at 
almost  every  age  period,  and  yet  that  for  the  total  of  all  ages  the  pro- 
portion of  males  in  gainful  occupations  in  the  cities  is  greater.  At 
first  one  is  at  a  loss  to  understand  how  an  excess  at  each  age  period,  or 
practically  that,  can  sum  to  a  deficienc}7  in  the  total.  The  paradox  is 
explained  by  noticing  that  the  proportion  of  children  in  the  urban 
districts  is  very  much  less  than  in  the  rural  districts,  and  that,  conse- 
quently, the  proportion  of  total  population  eligible  for  gainful  occupa- 
tions is  much  greater.  In  the  two  cities  under  consideration  only  20.9 
per  cent  of  the  total  population  are  under  10,  while  in  the  rest  of  the 
island  no  less  than  31.4  per  cent  are  under  10.  If  in  each  case  the  male 
children  are  subtracted  from  the  total  male  population,  one  finds  that, 
of  the  total  males  over  10  in  cities,  84.1  per  cent  were  breadwinners, 
but  in  the  rural  districts  83.2  per  cent  were  breadwinners. 

Lastly,  if  one  compares  the  two  columns  giving  the  proportion  of 
female  breadwinners  in  city  and  country,  it  appears  that  at  each  age 
period  the  female  breadwinners  are  somewhat  more  numerous  in  the 
urban  than  in  the  rural  districts,  the  excess  rising  in  the  cities  at  the 
age  period  30  to  34  to  more  than  three  times  that  in  the  country  districts 
at  the  same  age  period.  And,  owing  largely  to  the  smaller  proportion 
of  children  in  the  cities,  as  just  mentioned,  the  female  breadwinners 
of  all  ages  in  cities  are  relatively  thrice  as  numerous  as  in  the  country. 

BREADWINNERS   CLASSIFIED   BY  RACE. 

In  the  following  table  the  absolute  and  relative  number  of  persons 
engaged  in  gainful  occupations  is  given  with  distinction  of  race: 


Race. 

Population. 

Persons  in  gainful 
occupations. 

Number, 

Per  cent. 

White  

589,426 
868,817 

189,  762 
126,  603 

32.1 

34.8 

Colored  

Totnl  

U53,  243 

316,3(15 

33.1 

OCCUPATIONS. 


93 


This  shows  that  the  proportion  of  breadwinners  was  somewhat 
higher  among  the  colored  than  among  the  whites.  In  the  following 
table  the  corresponding  per  cents  for  the  United  States  (1890)  and 
for  Cuba  are  introduced: 

Per  cent  of  persons  in  gainful  occupations. 


Country. 

White. 

Colored. 

Differ- 
ence. 

Porto  Rico         

32.1 

34.8 

2.7 

Cuba                                 .           

38.3 

42.1 

3.8 

United  States  (1890)  

35.5 

41.8 

6.3 

The  difference  between  the  two  races  appears  in  all  three  countries, 
but  in  Porto  Rico  it  is  only  about  three-fourths  of  the  difference  in 
Cuba,  and  less  than  half  the  difference  in  the  United  States.  To  elu- 
cidate these  differences  the  classification  by  sex  may  be  added  to  that 
by  race. 

BREADWINNERS   CLASSIFIED   BY    RACE   AND   SEX. 

The  following  table  gives  the  absolute  and  relative  numbers  tor 
Porto  Rico: 


Race  and  sex. 

Population. 

Persons  in  gainful 
occupations. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

White  males  

294,195 
178,066 
295,231 
185,751 

167,662 
101,002 
22,100 
25,601 

57.0 

56.7 
7.4 
13.7 

Colored  males  

White  females  

Colored  females  

Total 

<»53,  243 

316,365 

33.1 

The  difference  between  white  and  colored  among  males  is  too  small 
to  be  significant.  The  difference  between  the  two  races  is  due  entirely 
to  the  fact  that  gainful  occupations  are  followed  by  colored  women  to 
nearly  twice  the  extent  that  they  are  by  white  women.  To  determine 
whether  this  is  true  also  of  other  countries  the  percentage  figures  are 
given  side  by  side  in  the  folio  wing  table: 

Per  cent  of  persons  in  gainful  occupations. 


Males. 

Females. 

Country. 

White. 

Colored. 

Differ- 
ence. 

White. 

Colored. 

Differ- 
ence. 

Porto  Rico  .... 

57.0 

56.7 

0.3 

7.5 

13.8 

6.3 

Cuba  

68.4 

67.6 

0.8 

3.6 

18.2 

14.6 

United  States  

58.9 

57.4 

1.5 

11.0 

25.8 

14.8 

In  all  three  countries  the  proportion  of  breadwinners  among  white 
males  was  slightly  higher  than  the  proportion  among  colored  males; 
but  in  all  three  this  difference  is  outweighed  by  the  fact  that  colored 
women  are  at  work  more  generally  than  white  women.  The  difference 
between  the  women  of  the  two  races  in  this  regard,  however,  is  less 


94 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


marked  in  Porto  Rico  than  in  either  Cuba  or  the  United  States.  For 
each  race  and  sex,  with  a  single  exception,  the  proportion  of  bread- 
winners in  Porto  Rico  is  lower  than  in  either  of  the  other  countries. 
White  women  are  working  in  gainful  occupations  in  Porto  Rico  to 
twice  the  extent  they  are  in  Cuba,  although  to  an  extent  little  more 
than  half  that  prevailing  in  the  United  States. 

BREADWINNERS   CLASSIFIED   AS   NATIVE   AND   FOREIGN   BORN. 

This  distinction  is  made  in  the  occupation  tables  only  for  the  whites. 
The  colored  foreign  born,  of  whom  there  are  2,-i50  in  Porto  Rico, 
must  be  disregarded.  The  facts  for  the  whites  are  given  in  the  follow- 
ing table,  by  race  and  sex: 


Nativity  and  sex. 

Population. 

Persons  in  gainful 
occupations. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Native  white  males  

285,303 
8,892 
292,706 
2,525 

159,478 
8,184 
21,  862 
238 

55.9 
92.0 
7.4 
9.4 

Foreign  born  white  males                

Native  white  females  

Foreign  born  white  females  

Total                                                 .    . 

589,426 

189,  762 

32.1 

Hardly  a  moment's  reflection  is  needed  to  detect  the  cause  of  the 
wide  difference  indicated  in  the  preceding  table  between  the  native 
and  the  foreign  born  males  and  to  reveal  the  insignificant  character 
of  such  a  table  taken  alone.  The  immigrant  whites  are  mainly  adults. 
and  the  large  proportion  of  workers  among  them  is  not  because  they 
are  of  foreign  birth,  but  is  because  they  are  adult.  Hence,  if  there  is 
any  real  difference  between  these  two  classes  of  whites,  to  discover  it, 
groups  of  the  same  age  must  be  compared.  This  is  done  in  the  follow- 
ing table: 


Males. 

Females. 

Age  period. 

Native 
white. 

Foreign 
white. 

Colored. 

Native 
white. 

Foreign 
white. 

Colored. 

0-9  ... 

0  4 

0  9 

0.8 

0.3 

0  8 

10-14  

33.6 

:;--  ii 

38.4 

6.5 

0.9 

10.5 

15-19  

85.6 

93.9 

S'.l.  f, 

13.7 

7.0 

22.3 

20-24  .  . 

96  5 

98  1 

97.6 

13.1 

18.1 

.,.,  .> 

25-29  

97.3 

97.9 

97.7 

11.2 

11.1 

19.7 

30-34 

97  5 

98.3 

98  0 

10.8 

13  0 

21  5 

35-44  

97.2 

96.0 

97.9 

10.9 

9.2 

22  7 

45-54  

96.  1 

93.8 

96.7 

9.9 

10.9 

22.0 

55-«4 

94.3 

92.5 

95.2 

8.1 

9.2 

18  9 

66+  

86.9 

76.8 

ST  :: 

5.5 

4.7 

12.0 

Porto  Rico  

55.9 

92.0 

68.7 

7.4 

9.4 

13.7 

This  table  shows  that  among  males  child  labor  is  more  common 
among  the  colored  than  among  the  white,  but  that  from  the  ago  of  15 
to  that  of  35  the  proportion  of  breadwinners  among  the  foreign  born 
white  is  greater  than  among  either  of  the  other  two  classes.  For  later 
ages,  from  :->f>  on.  the  proportion  is  greatest  among  the  colored,  while 
that  among  the  foreign  born  white  sinks  to  the  lowest  of  the  three. 


OCCUPATIONS. 


This  may  be  due  to  the  better  economic  condition  of  the  foreign  born 
white,  enabling  them  to  retire  at  an  earlier  age,  or  it  may  be  explained 
by  considering  that  the  foreign  born  white  are  not  preeminently 
engaged  in  agriculture,  and  that  the  other  forms  of  industry  can  not 
be  carried  on  so  effectively  by  persons  of  advanced  years.  Among 
the  females  one  notices  that  from  the  beginning  to  the  end  of  life,  the 
proportion  of  wage  earners  among  the  colored  is  greater  than  in 
either  of  the  other  classes,  and  in  the  later  age  periods  it  is  more 
than  twice  as  great  among  the  colored  as  among  either  of  the  other 
classes. 

BREADWINNERS   CLASSIFIED   BY   KIND   OF   OCCUPATION. 

The  occupations  in  which  persons  are  engaged  are  grouped  by  the 
census  into  five  main  classes.  Arranged  in  the  order  of  their  preva- 
lence, the  groups  are: 

1.  Agriculture,  fisheries,  and  mining. 

2.  Domestic  and  personal  service. 

3.  Manufacturing  and  mechanical  industries. 

4.  Trade  and  transportation. 

5.  Professional  service. 

The  first  class  includes  all  persons  engaged  in  the  so-called  extrac- 
tive industries,  or  those  concerned  with  getting  the  wealth  out  of  the 
earth  or  water;  the  third  class  includes  those  who  transform  the  raw 
material  furnished  by  the  extractive  industries  into  new  forms  or  com- 
binations; the  fourth  class  includes  all  engaged  in  giving  place  or  time 
values  to  wealth  by  moving  it  from  a  place  where  it  is  less  needed  to 
:i  place  where  it  is  more  needed,  or  by  saving  it  from  a  time  when  it 
is  less  needed  till  a  time  when  it  is  more  needed,  while  the  second  and 
fifth  classes  include  all  whose  contribution  to  society  is  in  the  form  of 
personal  service  rather  than  of  goods  or  of  services  upon  goods.  The 
line  of  division  between  these  groups  or  classes  is  often  obscure,  and 
in  many  individual  cases  serious  difficulties  arise  regarding  the  best 
group  to  which  a  person  or  an  occupation  should  be  assigned  under 
the  imperfect  description  found  on  the  schedule. 

The  population  of  Porto  Rico  engaged  in  gainful  occupations  was 
divided  among  the  five  groups  as  shown  in  the  following  table,  where 
similar  proportions  for  Cuba  and  the  United  States  are  added. 
Persons  in  gainful 


Class  of  occupation. 

Number  in 
Porto  Rico. 

Per  cent  in  — 

Porto 
Rico. 

Cuba. 

United 
States 
(1890). 

Agriculture,  fisheries,  and  mining    

198,  761 
64,819 
26,  515 
24,076 
2,194 

62.8 
20.5 
8.4 
7.6 
0.7 

48.1 
22.8 
14.9 
12.8 
1.4 

39.7 
19.2 
22.4 
14.6 
4.1 

Domestic  and  personal  service  

Manufacturing  and  mechanical  industries. 
Trade  and  transportation  

Professional  service 

Total 

316,365 

100.0 

100.0       100.0 

REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


From  this  table  it  appears  that  the  proportion  of  breadwinners 
engaged  in  agriculture  in  Cuba  is  nearly  10  per  cent  higher  than  in 
the  United  States,  and  in  Porto  Rico  nearly  15  per  cent  higher  than  in 
Cuba.  About  five-eighths  of  the  breadwinners  in  Porto  Rico  were 
reported  as  engaged  in  agriculture.  The  proportions  engaged  in  per- 
sonal and  domestic  service  are  not  widely  different  in  the  three  regions. 
The  great  number  of  Porto  Ricans  engaged  in  agriculture  is  counter- 
balanced mainly  by  relatively  much  smaller  numbers  engaged  in 
manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits,  and  also  in  trade  and  trans- 
portation. The  number  of  persons  engaged  in  professional  service  in 
Porto  Rico  is  only  one-half  what  it  is  in  Cuba,  as  in  Cuba  it  is  only 
one-third  what  it  is  in  the  United  States.  In  the  following  table  the 
per  cent  of  all  breadwinners  engaged  in  each  class  of  occupation  is 
shown  by  sex  for  the  three  countries: 

Per  cent  of  breadwinners  in  the  five  classes  of  gainful  occupations. 


Class  of  occupation. 

Porto  Rico. 

Cuba. 

United  States. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Ma'e. 

Female. 

Agriculture,  fisheries,  and  mining  

73.3 
10.2 
7.5 
8.3 
0.7 

3.9 
78.4 
13.4 
3.6 
0.7 

52.6 
17.2 
14.7 
14.2 
1.3 

10.3 
69.6 
16.6 
1.0 
2.5 

44.3 
14.3 
21.6 
16.4 
3.4 

17.4 

42.6 
26.2 
5.8 

&e 

Domestic  and  personal  service. 

Manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits  

Trade  and  transportation 

Professional  service  

Total                                   

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

Nearly  three-fourths  of  the  male  breadwinners  in  Porto  Rico  were 
engaged  in  agriculture,  but  not  one  twenty-fifth  of  the  females.  On 
the  other  hand,  about  one-tenth  of  the  males  and  eight-tenths  of  the 
females  were  engaged  in  domestic  and  personal  service.  Thus  these 
two  classes  taken  together  were  apparently  a  complement  of  each  other 
and  included  between  them  nearly  five-sixths  of  all  the  breadwinners  of 
each  sex.  As  between  trade  and  transportation  on  the  one  hand,  and 
manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits  on  the  other,  the  males  in  Porto 
Rico  were  somewhat  evenly  divided,  but  of  the  females  nearly  four 
times  as  many  were  engaged  in  manufacturing  as  in  trade  and  trans- 
portation. Comparing  the  three  countries,  one  notices  that  the  pro- 
portion of  male  breadwinners  devoted  to  agriculture  rises  from  about 
four-ninths  in  the  United  States  to  nearty  three-fourths  in  Porto  Rico, 
but  the  number  of  females  devoted  to  agriculture  varies  inversely  from 
a  minimum  of  one  twent3T-fifth  in  Porto  Rico  to  a  maximum  of  one- 
sixth  in  the  United  States.  The  same  is  true  for  the  persons  of  each 
sex  devoted  to  professional  service,  and,  with  one  slight  exception,  for 
all  persons  of  each  sex  devoted  to  trade  and  transportation.  The  whole 
table  points  to  an  extremely  simple  and  primitive  organization  of 
industry  in  Porto  Rico,  wherein  manufacturing,  trade,  transportation, 
and  professional  occupations  play  a  very  small  part.  To  illustrate 
this,  one  may  compute  from  the  preceding  table  the  number  of  persons 


SIZE    OF    FAMILIES. 


97 


among  100  breadwinners  in  each  of  the  three  countries  who  were 
engaged  in  other  pursuits  than  agriculture,  fisheries,  and  mining,  or 
domestic  or  professional  service.  In  Porto  Rico  about  17  in  100  bread- 
winners, in  Cuba  about  25  in  100,  and  in  the  United  States  (1890)  about 
40  in  100,  were  engaged  in  some  form  of  manufacturing  or  mechanical 
pursuits,  in  trade  or  transportation,  or  in  professional  service. 

BREADWINNERS   CLASSIFIED   BY   SPECIFIED   OCCUPATIONS. 

Table  XXV  gives  the  specified  occupations  of  the  great  majority 
of  breadwinners  in  Porto  Rico.  A  cursory  examination  shows  that 
the  single  occupations  are  very  imperfectly  distinguished  and  that 
little  can  be  derived  from  their  inspection  by  one  unfamiliar  with  local 
conditions.  The  following  table  shows  the  per  cent  of  all  breadwin- 
ners in  each  of  a  few  leading  occupations: 


Per  cent 

Per  cent 

of  all 

of  all 

Specified  occupation. 

bread- 
winners 

Specified  occupation. 

bread- 
winners 

so  en- 

so en- 

gaged. 

gaged. 

Laborers     .       

68.2 

Salesmen  and  saleswomen  .  . 

1  5 

Servants  

8.2 

Agents  

1.3 

Launderers 

5  4 

Operatives  in  cigar  factories 

1  2 

2  8 

Dressmakers  and  seamstresses  

1.8 

Total  

92.0 

Carpenters  

1.6 

In  these  nine  specified  occupations  are  included  over  nine-tenths  of 
the  breadwinners-  of  Porto  Rico.  Of  all  males  in  gainful  occupations 
nearly  four-fifths  (78.8  per  cent)  are  reported  simply  as  laborers. 
The  other  leading  occupations  followed  by  men,  arranged  in  order  of 
prevalence,  are  merchants,  servants,  carpenters,  salesmen,  agents, 
operatives  in  cigar  factories,  bakers.  The  leading  occupations  entered 
by  women  in  order  of  prevalence  are  servant,  laundress,  dressmaker 
and  seamstress,  laborer,  merchant,  hat  and  cap  maker,  teacher,  planter, 
huckster  and  peddler. 

SIZE  OF  FAMILIES. 

[See  Table  XXXI.] 

A  family,  in  the  ordinary  or  popular  sense  of  the  word,  means  a 
group  of  persons  bound  together  by  ties  of  kindred.  Usually  they 
live  together,  but  this  is  not  necessarily  involved  in  the  word,  for  a 
married  son  or  daughter  occupying  a  separate  house  is  regarded  as  still 
a  member  of  the  family.  On  the  other  hand,  not  all  persons  who  live 
with  the  famil}7  are  deemed  members,  for  servants,  laborers,  or  board- 
ers are  excluded. 

The  census  finds  such  a  definition  of  the  family  inapplicable  to  its 
field  of  work.  The  test  of  kindred  can  not  be  applied  by  the  enumera- 
tor. In  many  cases  families  of  relatives  are  dispersed  through  the 
8490—00 7 


98  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

community,  returns  about  them  come  through  different  enumerators, 
and  their  names  and  the  facts  about  them  can  not  be  assembled  on  the 
schedules  or  tabulated  together.  Accordingly  in  this  field,  as  in  sev- 
eral others,  the  census  is  forced  to  abandon  the  effort  to  bring  together 
data  that  belong  together,  and  to  confine  itself  to  the  simpler  and  more 
practicable  task  of  tabulating  together  data  that  are  found  by  the  enu- 
merators conjoined.  The  census  test  of  a  family  is  not  kinship  by 
blood,  but  association  in  home  life.  Persons  living  in  the  same  home 
are,  for  census  purposes,  members  of  the  same  family. 

In  census  usage,  therefore,  the  word  "family"  means  the  group  of 
people,  whether  related  by  blood  or  not,  who  share  a  common  dwelling 
and  table.  If  one  person  sleeps  and  eats  alone,  he  constitutes  for  cen- 
sus purposes  a  family.  On  the  other  hand,  if  a  large  group  of  people 
sleep  and  eat  in  a  common  dwelling,  like  a  hotel  or  convent,  they 
make  up  a  single  census  family.  Census  families,  therefore,  may  be 
divided  into  two  classes — natural  families,  or  families  in  the  popular 
sense  of  that  word,  and  "other  families."  Members  of  a  natural 
family  are  bound  together  primarily  by  ties  of  kindred.  Members  of 
other  families  are  bound  together  primarily  by  other  motives,  usually 
of  an  economic  character.  The  latter  may,  perhaps,  without  great 
violence  to  the  facts,  be  called  economic  families.  These  two  classes 
of  motives  may  and  often  do  coexist,  but  the  famity  should  be  classed 
with  natural  families  or  with  economic  families  according  to  the  class 
of  motives  which  is  primaiy.  For  example,  a  family  having  only  one 
boarder  should  doubtless  be  grouped  with  natural  families,  but  a  family 
in  which  the  boarders  largely  outnumber  the  blood  relatives  should  be 
grouped  with  economic  families. 

The  limits  of  size  are  much  wider  in  the  economic  family  than  in  the 
natural  family.  The  economic  family  may  consist  of  one  person  liv- 
ing alone,  of  two  partners  living  together  at  their  place  of  business,  of 
three  or  more  boarders  living  with  a  housekeeper,  or  of  hundreds 
of  guests,  nuns,  or  prisoners  living  together  in  a  hotel,  convent,  or 
prison.  On  the  basis  of  number  of  members  alone  no  sharp  line  can  be 
drawn  between  natural  families  and  economic  families.  Still,  the  only 
classification  of  census  families  presented  in  Table  XXXI  is  that  by 
size,  and  on  this  basis,  therefore,  an  attempt  may  perhaps  be  ventured 
to  divide  census  families  into  two  classes,  one  of  which  should  consist 
mainly  of  natural  families  and  the  other  mainly  of  economic  families. 

As  a  natural  family  can  not  be  composed  of  a  single  member,  the 
lower  limit  of  size  for  a  natural  family  may  be  drawn  with  confidence 
between  two  members  and  one.  The  higher  limit  is  more  vague  and 
uncertain.  Yet  it  seems  that  if  all  families  of  more  than  ton  persons 
are  grouped  as  economic  families,  a  large  proportion,  if  not  a  majority, 
of  the  persons  in  them  might  be  assumed  to  be  living  apart  from  their 
kindred — that  is,  as  farm  laborers  in  their  employer's  family,  or  as 
boarders,  lodgers,  or  residents  of  hotels,  schools,  prisons,  or  other 


SIZE    OF    FAMILIES. 


99 


institutions  treated  by  the  census  as  a  family,  but  not  so  regarded  in 
ordinary  speech.  On  this  basis,  therefore,  the  families  in  Porto  Rico 
may  be  divided  into  the  following  three  groups: 

1.  Families  of  1  member. 

2.  Families  of  2  to  10  members. 

3.  Families  of  more  than  10  members. 

Of  these  groups,  the  second  consists  mainly  of  natural  families,  the 
first  entirely  and  the  third  largely,  if  not  mainly,  of  economic  families. 

FAMILIES   OF   ONE   MEMBER. 

This  class  in  Porto  Rico  numbered  7,854,  or  0.8  per  cent  of  the 
population.  In  the  United  States  and  Cuba  the  corresponding  per 
cents  were  0.7  and  1.9,  respectively.  Families  of  one  member,  there- 
fore, are  slightly  more  common  in  Porto  Rico  than  in  the  United 
States,  but  less  than  half  as  common  as  in  Cuba. 

In  the  following  table  the  proportion  of  population  living  in  fami- 
lies of  a  single  member  is  given  by  departments: 


Department. 

Population. 

Population 
in  families 
of  one 
member. 

Percent. 

Mayaguez  

127,566 

1,714 

1.3 

Bayamon 

160  046 

1  400 

0  8 

TTnmnpfln 

88,501 

771 

0.8 

Ponce 

203  191 

1  620 

0  7 

Guavama 

111  986 

857 

0  7 

Arecibo  

162,308 

960 

0.5 

Aguadilla  

99,645 

632 

0.5 

Total 

953  243 

7  854 

0  8 

The  departments  with  the  smallest  proportion  are  the  two  in  which 
the  proportion  of  population  living  in  cities  is  lowest  (p.  M).  It  may 
be,  therefore,  that  families  of  one  member  are  more  common  in  cities. 
To  test  this  conjecture  the  following  table  has  been  constructed,  show- 
ing the  number  of  persons  living  in  families  of  one  member  in  the 
three  large  cities  of  Porto  Rico  and  in  the  rest  of  the  island,  and  the 
per  cent  these  make  of  the  total  population  of  each  district. 


Population 

District. 

Total  popu- 
lation. 

in  families 
of  one 

Percent. 

member. 

Three  cities  

75  187 

1  496 

1  9 

Rest  of  Porto  Rico  

878,056 

6,358 

0  7 

The  table  shows  that  the  proportion  of  persons  living  alone  in  the  three 
cities  is  nearl}T  three  times  that  of  the  proportion  living  alone  in  the 
rest  of  the  island.  A  similar  fact  holds  for  Cuba,  the  explanation  of 
which  doubtless  is  that  in  the  country  a  family  must  be,  in  a  largo 
measure,  an  economic  unit  and  self -sustaining,  while  when  people 
are  living  as  close  neighbors,  such  economic  independence  of  the  family 
is  far  less  essential.  When  the  figures  for  the  several  cities  and  depart- 


100 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


merits  are  analyzed,  it  appears  that  in  the  city  of  Mayaguez  living 
alone  is  much  more  common  than  in  either  of  the  other  large  cities, 
and  that  in  the  department  outside  of  the  city,  it  is  much  more  common 
than  in  any  of  the  other  six  departments,  even  if  the  cities  be  included 
with  them. 

FAMILIES   OF    ELEVEN    OK   MORE    MEMBERS. 

Such  families  in  Porto  Rico  included  109,300  persons,  or  11.4  per 
cent  of  the  entire  population — that  is,  more  than  fourteen  times  as 
many  persons  were  living  in  these  big  families  as  were  living  alone. 
In  this  respect  Porto  Rico  differs  widely  from  the  United  States, 
where  only  6.6  per  cent  of  the  population  lived  in  families  of  11  or 
more  members,  and  from  the  South  Central  states  of  America,  where 
race  conditions  and  agriculture  are  somewhat  like  those  of  Porto  Rico, 
but  where  the  proportion  of  population  in  families  of  more  than  10 
members  was  the  same  as  the  average  for  the  United  States. 

As  hotels,  boarding-houses,  and  institutions  are  more  common  in 
cities  than  in  the  country,  it  may  be  that  these  large  census  families, 
like  the  very  small  ones,  are  more  common  in  the  cities. 

The  following  table  tests  the  conjecture: 


District. 

Total  popu- 
lation. 

Population 
in  families 
of  11-t- 
members. 

Per  cent. 

Three  cities  

75,  187 

11,061 

'14.7 

Rest  of  Porto  Rico 

878,056 

98,239 

11.1 

These  very  large  families,  therefore,  were  somewhat  more  common 
in  the  three  cities  of  Porto  Rico  than  they  were  in  the  rest  of  the 
island,  a  relation  between  city  and  country  in  which  Porto  Rico  differs 
from  Cuba,  where  large  families  are  more  common  in  the  rural  districts. 

On  examining  the  three  cities  separately  it  appears  that  the  high 
proportion  of  large  families  does  not  hold  of  Mayaguez,  but  only  of 
San  Juan  and  Ponce.  In  Mayaguez  the  proportion  of  population  liv- 
ing in  these  large  families  was  slightly  less  than  the  average  in  rural 
districts. 

The  following  table  gives  the  same  facts  for  the  island  by  depart- 
ments: 


Department. 

Total  popu- 
lation . 

Population 
in  families 
of  11-f 
members 
each 

Per  cent. 

Aguadilla  

99,645 

11,242 

11  2 

Arecibo.                                                        .... 

162,  308 

18,703 

11  5 

Rav^mon,  ,                                                 

160,046 

22,294 

13.9 

Guayama  

111,986 

12,085 

11.3 

Humacao                                               

9  473 

10  7 

Mavaguez  

127,666 

11,395 

8.9 

Ponce  . 

203,  191 

23  508 

11  5 

- 

CENSUS  Of  PORTO  RICO   1899. 


SIZE    OF    FAMILIES 


PERSONS  TO 
A   FAMILY 


El 


15  PERCENTS 


PER    CENTS 


A.Hoen&Co.Ba!ta  lith. 


SIZE    OF   FAMILIES. 


101 


FAMILIES   OF   FROM   TWO   TO   TEN    MEMBERS. 

As  Porto  Rico  has  a  much  larger  proportion  of  persons  living  in 
families  of  more  than  10  members  than  the  United  States,  and  about 
the  same  proportion  of  persons  living  in  families  of  1  member,  it  clearly 
must  have  a  smaller  proportion  of  persons  living  in  families  of  from 
2  to  10  members,  or  what  has  been  termed  "natural"  families.  In 
Porto  Rico  about  seven-eighths  (87.7  per  cent)  of  the  inhabitants  are 
living  in  families  of  between  2  and  10  members.  In  this  respect  Porto 
Rico  holds  an  intermediate  position  between  Cuba,  where  85.2  per  cent 
of  the  population  were  living  in  families  of  from  2  to  10  members,  and 
the  United  States,  where  92.6  per  cent  were  so  living.  The  proportion 
of  population  living  in  families  of  this  size  varies  little  from  depart- 
ment to  department,  the  proportions  ranging  from  Bayamon,  with  85.2 
per  cent  of  its  population  living  in  natural  families,  to  Mayaguez,  where 
89.7  per  cent  were  so  living. 

Families  having  from  2  to  10  members  may  conveniently  be  subdi- 
vided into  three  classes:  Small  families — those  having  2,  3,  or  4  mem- 
bers; families  of  medium  size — those  having  5,  6,  or  7  members;  and 
large  families — those  having  8,  9,  or  10  members.  The  members  of 
natural  families,  or  families  having  between  2  and  10  members,  in  each 
department  have  been  thus  subdivided  with  results  shown  in  the  fol- 
lowing table: 


Department. 

Absolute  number  of  persons  in  families  of  — 

Percentage  of  persons  in  fami- 
lies of  2  to  10  members  liv- 
ing in  — 

2  to  10 
members. 

2  to  4  mem- 
bers, i.e., 
small 
families. 

5  to  7  mem- 
bers, i.e., 
families 
of  medium 
size. 

8  to  10 
members, 
i.e.,  large 
families. 

Small 
families. 

Families 
of 
medium 
size. 

Large 
families. 

Aguadilla 

87,  871 
142,  645 
136,352 
98,444 
78,257 
114,  457 
178,063 

22,545 
39,385 
36,186 
27,488 
21,611 
37,  310 
48,582 

40,673 
63,361 
60,332 
44,455 
34,fe7 
50,569 
79,199 

24,653 
39,899 
39,834 
26,501 
21,  759 
26,  578 
60,282 

25.7 
27.6 
26.5 
27.9 
27.6 
32.6 
27.3 

46.3 
44.4 
44.3 
45.2 
44.6 
44.2 
44.5 

28.0 
28.0 
29.2 
26.9 
27.8 
23.2 
28.2 

Arecibo  .  . 

Bavatnon 

(iuavama 

Huinacao  

Mayaguez  . 

Ponce  

Porto  Rico  

836,089 

233,107 

373,  476 

229,506 

27.9 

44.7 

27.4 

Apparently  the  size  of  families  among  white  and  colored  in  Porto 
Rico  \v:is  about  the  same.  For  in  the  preceding  table  the  percentages 
for  Humacao,  where  there  were  most  colored,  differed  little  from 
those  for  Aguadilla,  where  there  were  most  whites. 

Families  of  2  to  4  members  and  families  of  8  to  10  members  each 
included  about  one-fourth  of  the  total  population  living  in  families 
of  from  2  to  10  members.  Small  families  (2  to  4  members)  were  pro- 
portionately fewer  than  in  Cuba,  and  large  families  (8  to  10  mem- 
bers) were  more  numerous.  The  families  of  medium  size  were  also 
slightly  more  numerous  than  in  Cuba.  The  departments  differ  but 

LIBRARY 

UNIVERPTTY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
SANTA  BARBARA 


102 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    189?. 


little  among  themselves.  The  most  conspicuous  divergence  from  the 
average  is  in  the  department  of  Mayaguez,  where  families  of  from 
2  to  4  members,  like  families  of  1  member,  are  unusually  numerous,, 
and  where  large  families  (8  to  10  members)  are  correspondingly  few. 
The  following  table  shows  the  proportidn  of  the  total  population  of 
Porto  Rico  living  in  families  of  specified  size,  and  for  purposes  of 
comparison  columns  have  been  added  giving  the  same  ratios  for  Cuba 
and  the  United  States: 


Number  of  members  of  family. 

Per  cent  of  total  population 
living  in  families  of  speci- 
fied number  of  members. 

Porto 
Rico. 

Cuba. 

United 
States 
(1890). 

1  

0.8 
4.3 
8.6 
11.6 
13.6 
13.5 
12.2 
10.2 
8.1 
6.8 
11.6 

1.9 
6.4 
9.8 
12.0 
12.6 
12.2 
10.9 
9.0 
7.0 
6.2 
13.0 

0.7 
5.3 
10.1 
15.3 
14.1 
13.6 
12.1 
9.6 
6.9 
6.6 
6.7 

2 

3.                                                                             .  .. 

4  

5  

6 

7.                                                        

8  

9  

10                                                             

11+  :  

Total  

100.0 
6.3 

100.0 
4.8 

100.0 
4.9 

Average  size  of  family 

In  comparing  Porto  Rico  with  Cuba  and  the  United  States  it  appears 
that  the  average  size  of  family  is  somewhat  greater  than  in  either  of 
the  other  countries.  Families  of  less  than  5  members  included  in 
Porto  Rico  25.2  per  cent  of  the  population,  while  in  Cuba  they 
included  30.1  per  cent,  and  in  the  United  States  31.4  per  cent.  On 
the  other  hand,  families  of  7.  8,  9,  or  10  members  were  more  common 
in  Porto  Rico  than  in  either  of  the  other  countries.  The  fewness  of 
small  families  and  the  many  large  families  doubtless  account  for  the 
greater  average  size  of  families  on  this  island. 

SANITARY  CONDITON  OF  HOUSES. 

[See  Tables  XXXII-XXXIV.] 

In  the  present  census  all  buildings,  whether  occupied  November  10, 
1899,  or  not,  were  reported  by  the  enumerators,  and  the  facts  regard- 
ing the  provisions  in  them  for  supplying  water  and  for  disposing  of 
garbage  and  excreta  were  ascertained.  Before  proceeding  to  a  discus- 
sion of  these  topics  a  brief  analysis  of  this  return  of  buildings  may  be 
made. 

The  total  number  of  buildings  in  Porto  Rico,  whether  occupied  or 
not,  was  178,518,  or  5.3  persons  to  a  building.  The  average  number 
of  persons  to  a  building,  occupied  or  unoccupied,  may  be  computed 
from  those  tables.  The  provinces  range  as  follows: 


DWELLINGS. 


103 


Department. 

Population. 

Number  of 
buildings. 

Persons 
to  a 
building. 

Mayaguez  

127,566 

26,616 

4.7 

99,645 

19,842 

5.0 

Arecibo  

162,308 

30,751 

5.2 

88,501 

16,997 

5.2 

Guayama.             

111,986 

20,648 

5.4 

203,191 

37,  410 

5.4 

Ba  vamon  

160,046 

26,254 

6.0 

Porto  Rico  

953,  243 

178,  518 

5.3 

In  Bayamon  there  were  6  persons  to  a  building,  while  in  Mayaguez 
there  were  4.7.  In  Cuba  it  was  found  that  the  proportion  of  persons 
to  a  building  was  greater  in  the  cities  than  in  the  rural  districts.  To 
determine  whether  the  same  is  true  for  Porto  Rico,  the  following 
table  has  been  constructed: 


District. 

Population. 

Number  of 
buildings. 

Persons 
to  a 
building. 

Three  cities  

75,187 

10,283 

7.3 

Rest  of  Porto  Rico 

878,056 

168,235 

5  2 

This  table  shows  that  in  the  three  cities  of  Porto  Rico  there  were 
on  an  average  rather  more  than  7  persons  to  a  building,  while  in  the 
rest  of  Porto  Rico  there  were  about  5.  That  the  three  cities  differ 
widely  among  themselves  in  this  regard  is  shown  by  the  following 
table: 


City. 

Population. 

Number  of 
buildings. 

Persons 
toa 
building. 

San  Juan  

32,048 

2,776 

11.5 

Mayaguez  

15,  187 

2  522 

6  0 

Ponce  

27  952 

4  985 

5  6 

Total  

75  187 

10  283 

7  3 

From  this  it  appears  that  there  are  about  twice  as  many  persons  to 
a  building  in  San  Juan  as  in  either  of  the  other  cities  in  the  island,  and 
more  than  twice  the  average  number  for  the  whole  of  Porto  Rico. 
The  number  in  San  Juan  is  also  decidedly  greater  than  in  Habana  city, 
where  there  are  8.8  persons  to  a  building.  The  reason  for  this  crowded 
state  of  the  population  in  San  Juan  is  somewhat  like  that  to  which  a 
similar  condition  is  due  in  New  York  city,  namely,  location  on  an 
island  of  small  area,  with  the  resultant  barriers  to  expansion  of  the 
population. 

Of  the  178,518  buildings,  20,213,  or  nearly  one-ninth,  were  unoccu- 
pied, a  proportion  slightly  less  than  that  in  Cuba.  The  ratio  of  unoc- 


104 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


cupied  buildings  in  the  several  departments  varies,  as  is  shown  in  the 
following  table: 


Department. 

Total  num- 
ber of 
buildings. 

Number  of 
unoccupied 
buildings. 

Per  cent 
unoccu- 
pied. 

Aguadilla            

19,842 

2,056 

10.3 

Arecibo.  .        

30,751 

4,247 

13.8 

Bayamon  

26,254 

2,415 

9.2 

Guayama 

20,  648 

1,720 

8.3 

Humacao                 

16,997 

1,541 

9.0 

Mayaguez  

26,  616 

4,445 

16.7 

Ponce  

37,  410 

3,789 

10.1 

Porto  Rico  

178,518 

20,213 

11.3 

The  minimum  proportion  is  found  in  Guayama,  where  one  building 
in  twelve  is  unoccupied.  The  following  table  shows  the  figures  for 
the  three  cities  and  the  rest  of  the  island: 


District. 

Number  of 
buildings. 

Number  of 
unoccupied 
buildings. 

Per  cent. 

Three  cities  

10,283 

1,028 

9.9 

Rest  of  Porto  Rico  

168,235 

19,185 

11.4 

From  this  it  appears  that  the  proportion  of  unoccupied  buildings  in 
the  three  cities  of  Porto  Rico  is  somewhat,  though  not  much,  less  than 
the  proportion  in  the  rural  districts.  The  three  cities  differ  consider- 
ably among  themselves  in  this  regard,  Mayaguez  having  a  much  higher 
proportion  than  the  average  in  the  rural  districts,  while  the  other  two 
have  a  lower  rate. 

Passing  to  the  occupied  buildings  or  dwellings,  one  may  examine 
the  average  number  of  persons  to  each.  Here  again  only  slight  dif- 
ferences are  found  between  the  departments,  Aguadilla  having  the 
lowest  and  Bayamon  the  highest  proportion,  as  appears  from  the 
following  table: 


Department. 

Population. 

Number  of 
dwellings. 

Persons 
to  a 
dwelling. 

Aguadilla  

99,645 

17,  786 

5.6 

Arecibo  

162,  308 

26,604 

6.1 

Bayamon  .  . 

160  046 

23,  839 

6.7 

Guayama  

111,986 

18,928 

6.9 

Humacao  

88,501 

15,  456 

6.7 

Mayaguez  

127,  566 

22,  171 

6.7 

Ponce  j 

203,191 

33,621 

6.0 

Porto  Rico 

953,  243 

158,  305 

6.0 

The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  persons  to  a  dwelling  in 
the  three  cities  and  in  the  rest  of  Porto  Rico: 


District. 

Population. 

Number  of 
dwellings. 

Persons 
to  a 
dwelling. 

Three  cities  

75,  187 

9,255 

8.1 

Rest  of  Porto  Rico  

s7s,  or*. 

149,050 

5.8 

DWELLINGS    AND    FAMILIES. 


105 


When  the  three  cities  are  taken  together,  the  persons  to  a  building 
in  them  are  more  numerous  than  in  the  rest  of  the  island,  due  largely 
to  the  influence  of  San  Juan.  To  show  that,  the  facts  for  the  three 
cities  are  given  separately  in  the  following  table: 


City. 

Population. 

Number  of 
dwellings. 

Persons 
to  a 
dwelling. 

San  Juan 

32  048 

2  519 

12.7 

Mavaguez   

15,187 

2,107 

7.2 

Ponce  

27,952 

4,629 

6.0 

Total  

7G,  187 

9,255 

8.1 

It  appears  that  the  number  of  persons  to  a  dwelling  in  Mavaguez 
city  is  not  much  higher,  and  in  Ponce  city  no  higher,  than  it  is  in  the 
remainder  of  the  respective  departments,  or  in  the  island  taken  as  a 
whole,  while  in  San  Juan  the  proportion  is  more  than  double  that  for 
the  rest  of  the  department  or  for  all  Porto  Rico. 

DWELLINGS   AND   FAMILIES. 

By  comparing  the  number  of  dwellings  in  Table  XXXII  with  the 
number  of  families  in  Table  XXXI,  one  may  ascertain  the  ratio  between 
census  families  and  dwellings.  Every  dwelling  contains  at  least  one 
family,  for.  as  already  explained,  one  person  living  alone  is  for  census 
purposes  a  f amity,  and  an  unoccupied  place  of  habitation  is  not  a 
dwelling.  As  certain  dwellings  contain  two  or  more  families,  the 
number  of  census  families  must  exceed  the  number  of  dwellings.  The 
figures  for  Porto  Rico,  compared  with  those  for  Cuba  and  the  United 
States,  are  given  below: 


Country. 

Number  of 
families. 

Number  of 
dwellings. 

Famines 
to  100 
dwellings. 

Porto  Rico  

181  594 

158  305 

114 

Cuba  

:-;••:  y..~> 

"'•,-•  -"i 

125 

United  States  

12  690  152 

11  483  318 

111 

From  these  figures  it  appears  that  there  were  more  families  to  100 
dwellings  in  Porto  Rico  than  in  the  United  States,  but  less  than  in 
Cuba.  Still,  if  the  figures  for  Habana  be  excluded,  the  number  of 
persons  to  100  dwellings  in  Cuba  outside  of  Habana  is  found  to  be 
almost  the  same  as  the  average  for  Porto  Rico. 

In  the  following  table  the  figures  are  given  by  departments: 


Department. 

Number  of 
families. 

Number  of 
dwellings. 

Families 
to  100 
dwellings. 

Aguadilla  

18  309 

17  786 

102 

Arecibo  

30  501 

26  504 

115 

Bavamon  

29  544 

23  839 

123 

Guavama  

21,353 

1-  928 

112 

Humacao  

!•;  986 

15,456 

109 

Mavaguez  

•>••  .V,- 

22  171 

119 

Ponce  

H  :>•! 

33,621 

114 

Porto  Rico  

181,594 

158,305 

114 

106 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


The  high  rate  of  Bayamon  and  the  low  rate  of  Aguadilla  suggest 
that  in  the  rural  districts  each  family  is  more  likely  to  have  a  dwelling 
to  itself,  while  in  the  city  we  find  frequently  more  than  one  family  to 
a  dwelling.  In  the  following  table,  therefore,  the  figures  for  the  three 
cities  and  the  rest  of  Porto  Rico  are  given  separately : 


District. 

Number  of 
families. 

Number  of 
dwellings. 

Families 
to  100 
dwellings. 

Three  cities  

15,  821 

9,255 

171 

Rest  of  Porto  Rico 

165  773 

149  050 

111 

It  appears  that  the  proportion  of  families  to  a  dwelling  in  the  three 
cities  is  much  higher  than  it  is  in  the  rest  of  Porto  Rico. 

In  the  following  table  the  facts  are  given  for  the  three  cities  sepa- 
rately: 


City. 

Number  of 
families. 

Number  of 
dwellings. 

Families  to 
100  dwell- 
ings. 

San  Juan 

6,281 

2  519 

249 

Mayaguez    .                                     .... 

3,647 

'  2,107 

173 

Ponce  

5,893 

4,629 

127 

Total  

15,  821 

9,255 

171 

From  these  figures  it  appears  that  in  Ponce  there  is  comparatively 
little  crowding  of  two  or  more  familes  into  a  dwelling;  that  in  Maya- 
guez there  is  more;  but  that  in  San  Juan  there  are,  on  an  average, 
about  five  families  to  every  two  dwellings,  a  proportion  even  higher 
than  that  in  Habana  city,  and  further  indicative  of  the  serious  crowd- 
ing of  population  in  the  capital  of  Porto  Rico. 

SOURCE  OF  WATER  SUPPLY. 

The  original  source  of  water  supply  in  Porto  Rico,  as  elsewhere,  is 
rainfall.  This  rain  may  fall  on  a  building  and  be  guided  into  and 
stored  in  a  cistern,  or  may  fall  on  and  percolate  through  the  ground 
either  under  or  upon  the  surface.  Flowing  water  may  be  obtained  for 
human  use  as  it  comes  to  the  surface  either  in  a  natural  spring  or  an 
artificial  well;  or  it  may  be  obtained  as  it  flows  over  the  surface  either 
in  a  natural  water  course  or  in  an  artificial  water  course  or  aqueduct. 
Accordingly,  the  census  recognizes  four  sources  of  water  supply,  as 
follows: 

1.  Cistern  for  rain  water. 

2.  Spring  or  well  for  ground  water. 

H.    Water  from  a  natural  stream.  « 

4.  Water  from  an  artificial  aqueduct. 


WATER    SUPPLY. 


107 


In  Porto  Rico  these  .four  sources  are  drawn  upon  fora  water  supply 
in  the  following1  proportions: 


Source  of  water  supply. 

Number  of 
dwellings 
supplied 
from  source 
named. 

Per  cent  of 
total 
dwellings. 

Stream  

86,348 

54 

Cistern  for  rain  water.                                                   . 

65  093 

36 

Aqueduct  .   .     .        ... 

9,393 

6 

Spring  or  well 

7  896 

5 

Not  specified  

676 

0 

Total  

158  305 

100 

About  one-third  of  the  Porto  Rican  buildings  are  supplied  with 
water  from  cisterns,  and  more  than  one-half  from  streams,  or  nearly 
nine-tenths  from  these  two  sources  combined.  About  one-seventeenth 
of  the  dwellings  are  supplied  from  aqueducts  and  one-twentieth  from 
wells. 

In  comparison  with  Cuba,  the  use  of  cisterns  is  much  less  common, 
while  streams  are  relied  upon  by  almost  twice  as  many  houses.  The 
stream  as  a  source  of  water,  it  will  be  noticed,  requires  less  initial 
expenditure  of  labor  than  the  cistern,  well,  or  aqueduct.  Aqueducts 
supply  only  about  one-third  the  proportion  of  houses  in  Porto  Rico 
that  they  do  in  Cuba. 

Per  cent  of  dwellings  obtaining  water  from  source  named. 


Department. 

Stream. 

Cistern. 

Aque- 
duct. 

Well. 

Not  speci- 
fied. 

Aguadilla  

25 

71 

0 

4 

0 

Arecibo  

58 

37 

o 

5 

0 

Bayamon  

44 

40 

2 

14 

0 

Guayama  

69 

25 

5 

1 

0 

Humacao  

68 

21 

4 

7 

0 

Mayaguez  

40 

44 

11 

4 

1 

Ponce  

68 

17 

14 

1 

0 

Total   . 

54 

35 

g 

5 

o 

The  preceding  table  shows  that  the  use  of  cisterns  is  most  common 
in  the  north  and  west,  and  least  common  in  the  east  and  south,  the  pro- 
portion varying  from  one-sixth  in  Ponce  to  more  than  two-thirds  in 
Aguadilla. 

Reliance  upon  streams,  on  the  other  hand,  is  most  common  in  the 
east  and  south,  and  least  common  in  the  north  and  west,  the  proportion 
varying  from  one-fourth  in  Aguadilla  to  two-thirds  in  Ponce,  Huma- 
cao, and  Guayama. 

Aqueducts  are  a  supply  of  little  importance,  except  in  Mayaguez 
and  Ponce,  where  slightly  more  than  one  house  in  ten  gets  its  water 
supply  from  this  source. 

Wells  are  also  little  used  in  most  of  the  departments,  but  in  Baya- 
mon about  one  house  in  seven  uses  them. 


108  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

Aqueducts  are  the  principal  source  of  water  supply  in  the  cities  of 
Mayaguez  and  Ponce,  but  not  apparently  in  San  Juan,  where  the 
greater  part  of  the  population — nearly  two-thirds — rely  upon  wells. 

The  following  notes  on  the  water  supply  of  the  three  large  Porto 
Rican  cities  have  been  gleaned  from  various  sources: 

SAN  JUAN. 

"The  city  is  poorly  supplied  with  water.  There  is  a  good  spring  on  the  island  of 
Miraflores,  but  within  the  city  there  are  only  cisterns  for  rain  water  and  a  scanty 
source  in  the  well  of  San  Cristobal  castle.  There  is  another  good  well  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  San  Antonio  bridge."  Delitseh,  p.  1931a  [1871]. 

"There  is  no  running  water  in  the  town.  The  entire  population  depends  upon  rain 
water  caught  upon  the  flat  roofs  of  the  buildings  and  conducted  to  the  cistern,  which 
occupies  the  greater  part  of  the  inner  courtyard,  that  is  an  essential  part  of  Spanish 
houses  the  world  over,  but  that  here,  on  account  of  the  crowded  conditions,  is  very 
small.  There  is  no  sewerage  except  for  surface  water  and  sinks,  while  vaults  are  in 
every  house  and  occupy  whatever  remaining  space  there  may  be  in  the  polios  not 
taken  up  by  the  cistern.  The  risk  of  contamination  to  the  water  is  very  great,  and 
in  dry  seasons  the  supply  is  entirely  exhausted."  R.  T.  Hill,  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico, 
p.  176  [1898.] 

"In  the  few  months  of  American  occupancy  water  from  the  works  in  process  of 
construction  by  the  Spanish,  for  several  years,  has  been  brought  into  the  city." 
Carroll,  Report  on  Porto  Rico,  p.  210. 

"Nine  miles  from  San  Juan,  by  the  military  road,  near  the  little  town  of  Rio  Piedras, 
there  is  a  piece  of  engineering  just  approaching  completion  which  is  to  result  in  fur- 
nishing the  capital  of  Porto  Rico  with  a  much-needed  water  supply.  *  *  * 

"  It  is  calculated  that  within  four  months  San  Juan  will  be  able  to  dispense  with  the 
questionable  supply  of  rain  water  in  cisterns,  to  which  may  be  attributed  a  portion 
of  the  sickness  developed,  which  will  be  replaced  by  well  filtered  water  drawn  from 
an  uncontaminated  source  far  up  in  the  mountain  ravines. 

"This  has  been  practically  accomplished  by  damming  a  mountain  stream,  at  normal 
periods  some  thirty  feet  in  width,  by  a  substantial  wall  of  masonry  twenty  feet  high. 
American  engineers  would  pronounce  this  portion  of  the  work  defective,  in  that 
along  the  low  flood-plains  to  the  left  of  the  stream  there  are  no  extension  retaining- 
walls,  and  hence  all  flood  waters  rush  around  the  unprotected  end  of  the  dam.  The 
monetary  loss,  when  the  spring  waters  cut  a  new  stream-bed,  as  they  will,  over  the 
alluvial  plain,  will  be  of  small  moment  as  compared  to  the  distress  which  will  be 
caused  by  the  temporary  cutting  off  of  the  water-supply  from  a  city  whose  people 
have  become  educated  to  the  use  of  water  from  faucets. 

"Beyond  this  primary  objection  to  the  work  as  it  stands,  it  may  be  said  that  the 
undertaking  has  been  well  and  ably  executed,  under  the  direction  of  Spanish 
engineers,  including,  as  it  does,  settling  basins,  sand  niters,  pumping  basins,  steam 
lifting  pumps,  primary  receiving  reservoirs,  and  secondary  distributing  reservoirs. 

"It  is  estimated  that  this  plant  is  capable  of  raising  and  distributing  two  million 
gallons  of  water  in  twelve  hours,  with  one  set  of  pumps  in  action. 

"All  the  great  basins  have  been  built  by  throwing  up  ;i  massive  surrounding-wall 
of  earth,  and  erecting  against  this  a  stone  wall  four  feet  in  thickness,  finished  with  a 
cement  lining.  The  stone  used  in  their  construction  is  a  fine-grained  blue  lime- 
stone brought  from  the  mountains  within  a  mile  and  a  half  of  Rio  Piedras.  As 
a  building-stone,  it  is  said  to  be  excellent.  It  is  worked,  however,  with  some 
difficulty.  *  *  * 

"The  water  comes  from  the  dam  through  a  twenty-four  inch  pipe  to  two  settling 
basins,  which  arc  used  alternately,  and  it  is  here  held  for  twenty-four  hours,  until  the 
major  portion  of  the  foreign  matter  has  precipitated. 


DISPOSITION    OF    GARBAGE. 


109 


"Provision  is  made  at  the  lower  end  of  these  basins  to  flow  off  the  water  into  the 
stream.  *  *  * 

"From  the  settling  basins,  it  is  flowed  into  great  duplicate  filter  basins,  which  have 
a  bed  covering  of  four  feet  of  coarse  sand;  the  water  passes  through  these  beds  of  sand 
into  the  final  pumping  basin. 

"In  the  event  of  any  trouble  with  the  filter  beds,  it  is  possible  to  flow  the  water,  by 
side  trenches  with  cemented  walls,  around  the  filter  basin,  directly  into  the  pumping 
pits.  The  pumps  are  direct-coupled,  and  the  engines  are  of  the  condensing  type, 
manufactured  by  a  Glasgow  firm. 

"The  primary  reservoir  is  situated  one  hundred  and  sixty  feet  above  the  pumps, 
and  is  a  work  of  beauty.  The  walls  are  of  rough  masonry,  topped  with  a  handsome 
stone  fence.  The  center  of  this  great  basin,  holding  three  million  seven  hundred 
thousand  gallons,  is  divided  by  a  median  wall,  and  the  valve-house  is  situated  at  one 
side  of  this  division. 

"A  twenty-inch  main  pipe  leads  into  the  city.  *  *  *  The  total  cost  of  the 
completed  plant  with  the  water  in  the  mains,  it  is  said,  will  be  somewhat  over  six 
hundred  thousand  pesos."  Dinwiddie,  Porto  -Rico,  p.  185-187  [1899]. 


"Water  for  all  purposes,  including  the  fire  department,  is  amply  supplied  by  an 
aqueduct."  Hill,  p.  178. 

"Ponce  has  the  merit  of  an  admirable  water  supply."     Carroll,  p.  210. 

"There  are  waterworks  supplying  an  abundance  of  good,  potable  water."  Din- 
widdie, p.  189. 

MAYAGUEZ. 

"The  city  has  excellent  waterworks."     Hill,  p.  179. 

"The  water  for  the  city  is  brought  from  a  mountain  torrent  two  miles  away  in  the 
foot-hills,  and  is  good  and  abundant."  Dinwiddie,  p.  193. 

"Its  water  supply  is  excellent,  requiring  only  proper  filtration  to  make  it  acceptable. 
The  city  council  has  voted  a  considerable  appropriation  for  the  improve- 
ment of  its  waterworks,  and  a  comprehensive  system  of  sewerage  is  a  probability  of 
the  near  future. ' '  Carroll,  p.  209. 

DISPOSITION  OF  GARBAGE. 

The  enumerators  were  instructed  to  write  in  the  column  foj  answers 
to  this  question  ''Municipal''  (municipal),. "Particular"  (private),  or 
"Se  quema"  (by  burning),  according  to  the  method  of  disposition  used 
at  the  dwelling  where  the  question  was  put.  In  addition  to  these  three 
classes  it  was  necessary  to  introduce  a  fourth  for  unspecified  or  insuf- 
ficiently specified,  but  less  than  1  per  cent  of  the  houses  fell  into 
this  last  class.  The  facts  for  Porto  Rico  as  a  whole  are  shown  in  the 
following  table: 


Method  of  disposing  of  garbage. 

Number  of 
dwellings  so 
reporting. 

Per  cent 
of  all 
dwellings. 

Municipal  ..  . 

20,194 

13 

Burning  

24,637 

15 

Private  

112  347 

71 

Not  specified  

1,127 

1 

Total  

158,305 

100 

110 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RIC.O,   1899. 


Of  the  total  dwellings  in  Porto  Rico  about  one-eighth  were  provided 
with  .some  municipal  means  of  disposing  of  garbage,  and  the  inhabi- 
tants of  rather  more  than  one-seventh  used  burning  as  a  method  of 
disposition.  In  substantially  all  the  remainder — that  is,  in  more  than 
seven-tenths  of  the  dwellings  on  the  island — the  inhabitants  reported 
private  means  of  disposition  other  than  burning. 

Among  the  departments,  municipal  disposition  of  garbage  was  most 
common  in  those  at  the  eastern  end  of  the  island,  Guayama  and 
Humacao,  and  least  common  in  those  at  the  northwest,  Aguadilla  and 
Arecibo. 

Burning  was  much  more  common  in  Ponce  and  Humacao  than  else- 
where, the  other  five  departments  all  falling  below  the  average  for 
the  island  in  this  respect. 

Per  cent  of  urban  dwellings  using  specified  method  of  garbage  disposal. 


City. 

Municipal. 

Burning. 

Private. 

Not  speci- 
fied. 

Mayaguez  

65 

5 

29 

1 

Ponce  

68 

25 

6 

1 

San  Juan           

58 

23 

19 

0 

Total           ....          

64 

20 

15 

1 

In  the  three  cities,  as  shown  above,  between  half  and  two-thirds  of 
the  dwellings  were  provided  with  some  municipal  disposition  of  gar- 
bage, and  in  Ponce  and  San  Juan  the  residents  of  about  one-fourth  of 
the  dwellings  were  reported  as  disposing  of  their  garbage  by  burning. 

DISPOSITION  OF  EXCRETA. 

The  entries  which  the  enumerators  were  allowed  to  make  in  the  col- 
umn containing  the  answers  to  this  question  were  "pozo,"  "inodoro," 
or  "ninguna"  (none).  In  addition  to  the  three  thus  allowed,  there 
will  be  found  in  the  tables. a  fourth  class  of  "not  specified,"  to  cover 
cases  where  the  question  was  not  answered.  The  only  recognized 
methods  of  disposal,  therefore,  were  pozo  and  inodoro.  As  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  find  any  exact  English  equivalent  for  these  words,  they  will  be 
retained  in  the  following  discussion  of  the  tables.1  In  Table  XXXIV 
pozo  has  been  translated  as  cesspool  and  inodoro  as  sewer,  but  these 
English  words  are  not  exact  equivalents  of  the  Spanish  terms  they 
render. 

1  The  inodoro  includes  every  receptacle  for  excreta  in  which  an  effort  is  made  to 
destroy  or  decrease  the  foul  odors  arising  therefrom,  usually  by  the  addition  of  such 
sul  istances  as  lime,  dry  clay,  or  ashes.  The  pozo  includes  all  other  forms  of  closet. 
The  modern  form  of  closet  flushed  by  water  from  a  system  of  pipes,  called  exausado 
inylw,  is  very  unusual  in  Porto  Rico.  Either  the  Inodoro  or  the  pozo  is  cleaned,  when 
it  is  cleaned  at  all,  by  scavengers  hired  by  the  property  owner. 


DISPOSITION    OF   EXCKETA. 


Ill 


The  following  table  shows  the  frequency  of  these  various  modes  of 
disposal: 


Mode  of  disposing  of  excreta. 

Number  of 
dwellings 
using  it  in 
Porto  Rico. 

Per  cent 
of  total 
dwellings. 

No  form  

120,924 

76 

Pozo. 

o-l   V.'t) 

22 

Inodoro  

1,181 

1 

Not  specified  

1,371 

1 

Total  

158,305 

100 

More  than  three-fourths  of  the  dwellings  in  Porto  Rico  have  no  pro- 
vision of  any  kind  for  this  purpose.  It  is  said  that  in  rural  Spain  the 
inhabitants  commonly  have  no  closets  or  outhouses,  but  resort  to  the 
fields,  and  the  same  is  apparently  true  of  Porto  Rico.  Of  the  houses 
having  conveniences  of  this  sort,  over  nineteen-twentieths  (96.7  per 
cent)  reported  &pozo  and  less  than  one-twentieth  (3.3  per  cent)  an  ino- 
doro.  In  this  respect  the  departments  stand  as  follows: 

Per  cent  of  total  dwellings  supplied  with  specified  mode  of  disposal  of  excreta. 


Department. 

Pozo. 

Inodoro. 

No  form. 

Not 
specified. 

Aguadilla  

17 

0 

83 

0 

Arecibo  

17 

0 

83 

0 

Bayamon 

28 

1 

69 

2 

Guavama                                 

23 

0 

77 

0 

Humacao.  ...          

17 

0 

81 

2 

Mayaguez 

24 

1 

76 

0 

Ponce  

25 

2 

72 

1 

Total                               

y> 

1 

76 

1 

It  is  clear  that  except  in  the  three  departments  containing  large 
cities  the  Inodoro  is  practically  unknown.  In  the  following  table  the 
facts  are  given  for  the  three  cities  separately  reported: 

Per  cent  of  urban  dwellings  using  specified  method  of  disposing  of  excreta. 


City. 

Pozo. 

Inodoro. 

No  form. 

Not 
specified. 

Mayaguez  

75 

6 

18 

1 

Ponce                                    

79 

4 

16 

1 

San  Juan  .        

71 

11 

18 

0 

Total           

76 

6 

17 

1 

This  table  shows  that  in  San  Juan  an  inodoro  was  found  in  a  little 
more  than  one-tenth  of  the  dwellings,  but  that  in  the  other  two  cities 
it  occurred  in  only  about  one  dwelling  in  twenty.  In  the  three  cities 
one  house  in  six,  on  an  average,  was  without  closet  conveniences. 

In  the  following  table  the  facts  are  given  for  the  rural  districts  of 


112 


REPORT    OK   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


the  three  departments  containing  these  cities,  i.   e.,  for  the  three 
departments  outside  of  these  cities: 

Per  cent  of  rural  dwellings  using  specified  method  of  disposing  of  excreta. 


Rural  districts  of  — 

Per  cent. 

Pozo. 

Inodaro. 

No  form. 

Not  speci- 
fied. 

Ba  varnon  

23 
18 
17 

0 
1 

1 

75 
81 
81 

2 
0 

Mavaguez  

Ponce           

Total  rural             

19 

1 

79 

1 

In  these  rural  districts  there  was  a  pozo  in  connection  with  less  than 
one-fifth  of  the  dwellings,  while  nearly  four-fifths  were  without  this  or 
any  other  form  of  receiving  excreta. 

VITAL  STATISTICS,  1888-1898,  INCLUSIVE. 

[See  Tables  XXXV-XXXVIL] 

In  connection  with  the  present  census  a  careful  and  accurate  report 
was  received  at  the  office  of  the  Director,  giving  the  number  of  births, 
deaths,  and  marriages  registered  in  each  municipal  district  of  Porto 
Rico  for  each  calendar  year  from  1888  to  1898,  inclusive,  and,  in  the 
case  of  births  and  deaths,  with  distinction  of  sex.  In  the  report  the 
districts  are  arranged  alphabetically,  but  for  purposes  of  analysis  they 
have  been  assembled  by  departments.  In  this  form  the  figures  are 
included  in  the  present  volume,  and  those  for  the  several  departments 
are  here  introduced  from  pages  3^5-351: 

Deaths  in  Porto  Rico',  1888-1898,  by  departments. 


Department. 

1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

Total. 

Aguadilla. 
Arecibo  .  .  . 
Bayamon  . 
Guayama  . 
Humaoao  . 
Mavaguez. 
Ponce  

2,731 
4,025 
2,912 
2,463 

2,760 
4,596 
5,892 

3,058 
4,181 
3,092 
3,301 
3,308 
3,982 
5,333 

2,566 
4,103 
3,420 
3,395 
3,147 
4,831 
5,493 

2,606 

3,607 
3,319 
2,768 
2,904 
3,9% 
4,990 

2,476 
4,151 
3,352 
2,388 
3,082 
4,018 
5,007 

2,158 
3,571 
3,176 
2,195 
2,506 
3,227 
4,783 

2,606 
4,069 
3,482 
2,861 
2,671 
3,812 
5,395 

2,660 
4,578 
4,186 
2,722 
2,669 
4,402 
5,067 

2,699 
4,686 
8,447 
2,927 
3,067 
3,954 
4,755 

2,770 
5,113 
4,580 
4,304 
4,  Mo 
4,390 
6,278 

3,679 
6,206 
3,819 
4,344 
3,584 
5,347 
6,735 

29,808 
48,190 
38,785 
33,857 
34,243 
46,555 
59,  728 

Porto  Rico  . 

25,568 

26,256 

26,955 

24,089 

24,  474 

21,616 

24,8% 

26,284 

25,435 

31,980 

33,614 

291,166 

Births  in  Porto  Rico,  1888-1898,  by  departments. 


Department. 

U8& 

i  see. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

18%. 

1897. 

1898. 

Total. 

Aguadilla. 
Arecibo  .  .  . 
Hayamon  . 
litiiiyiniiM  . 
Mu  linn  -an  . 
Mayagnc/.. 
Ponce  .  . 

2,676 
4,682 
3,408 
3,089 

4,393 

t;,L»ji 

2,247 
1,647 

3,101 
2,944 
2,610 
::.  788 

5,826 

2,544 
1,209 
2,910 
2,703 
2,168 
1,807 
5,890 

2,368 
1.  in? 
3,003 
2,390 
2,052 
:t.  7  TJ 
6,534 

2,648 
6,176 
§,086 

2,448 

8,719 

6,022 

2,499 
4,507 
3,251 
2,862 
2,822 
1,089 
5,977 

2,516 
4,626 
2,970 
2,613 
2,526 
4,073 
5,324 

2,524 
5,164 
2,789 
2,594 
2,681 
3,961 
5,887 

2,754 
6,663 
2,660 
•J.  l::o 
3,118 
4,067 
5,678 

2,625 
5,364 
2,774 
2,049 
2,630 
4,124 
6,261 

2,087 
3,652 
2,216 
2,077 
1,902 
3,221 
4,564 

•J7.  :;vs 
51,987 
32,118 
28,199 
27,224 
•U.  ss4 
62,654 

Porto  Rico  . 

27,401 

25,113  ,24,231 

23,4% 

25,302 

25,457  |24,548 

1 

25,090 

26,270  125,827 

1 

19,  719     272,  454 

| 

VITAL    STATISTICS. 

Marriages  in  Porto  Rico,  1888-1898,  by  departments. 


113 


Department. 

1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

Total. 

Aguadilla. 
Arecibo  .  .  . 
Bayamon  . 
Guayama  . 
Humacao  . 
Mayaguez. 
Ponce  

485 

845 
304 
327 
151 
278 
899 

450 
484 
376 
205 
126 
232 
529 

595 
855 
577 
383 
252 
586 
831 

648 
624 
469 
358 
224 
743 
828 

626 
666 
550 
435 
277 
691 
751 

572 
841 
601 
496 
367 
621 
799 

556 
734 
475 
404 
285 
864 
616 

673 
956 
587 
380 
283 
711 
675 

657 
822 
549 
427 
229 
528 
561 

532 
857 
445 
393 
241 
477 
784 

390 

487 
428 
315 
294 
362 
452 

6,184 
8,171 
5,360 
4,123 
2,729 
6,093 
7,725 

Porto  Rico  . 

3,289 

2,401 

4,079 

3,894 

3,9% 

4,297 

3,934 

4,265 

3,773 

3,729 

2,728 

40,385 

The  first  question  which  arises  regarding  such  tables  as  the  pre- 
ceding is,  How  accurate  and  complete  are  the  figures?  The  table 
received  by  the  Director  of  the  Census  was  entirely  free  from  arith- 
metical errors,  and  in  the  course  of  analysis  only  one  slight  defect — a 
transposition  of  two  numbers — was  detected.  But  this  does  not  vouch 
for  the  completeness  of  the  original  records,  of  which  this  table  is  a 
summary.  In  default  of  opportunity  to  examine  the  law  and  admin- 
istration of  Porto  Rico  in  such  matters,  one  is  compelled,  in  determinT 
ing  the  probabilities  of  the  case,  to  rely  upon  internal  evidence.  For 
this  purpose  one  must  compare  the  proportion  between  the  recorded 
births  and  deaths  and  the  population,  and  ascertain  whether  these  pro- 
portions, the  so-called  death  rates  and  birth  rates,  agree  with  the 
known  probabilities  under  such  conditions  as  prevail  in  Porto  Rico. 
In  order  to  estimate  the  population,  it  has  been  assumed  that  the  inhab- 
itants increased  by  an  equal  number  each  year  between  1887  and  1899 — 
an  assumption  sufficiently  accurate  for  the  purpose  in  hand. 

DEATHS   AND    DEATH    RATES. 

The  total  population  of  Porto  Rico  for  each  year,  and  the  deaths  and 
death  rates,  or  average  number  of  persons  dying  to  each  thousand  of 
the  estimated  population,  were  as  given  in  the  following  table: 

Death  rates,  1888-1898. 


Year. 

Estimated 
population. 

Deaths 
reported. 

Death 

rates. 

1888... 

811  454 

25  568 

31  5 

1889  

824  344 

26  255 

31  8 

1890  

837  234 

26*955 

32  1 

1891  

850  124 

24  089 

28  3 

1892  

863  014 

24  474 

28  3 

1893  

875  903 

21  616 

24  6 

1894  

88*  793 

24,8% 

28  0 

1895  

(XU  (W3 

26  284 

29  1 

18%  

914,  573 

25,435 

27.8 

1897  

927  463 

31  980 

34  4 

1898  

940  353 

33  614 

35.7 

Average  for  11  years  

875,  %3 

26,  469 

30.2 

If  these  figures  may  be  trusted,  it  appears  that  about  3  per  cent  of 
the  population  of  Porto  Rico  die  each  year.  If  the  population  of 
Porto  Rico  were  what  is  known  as  stationary — that  is,  neither  increas- 
ing nor  decreasing  year  by  year  in  total  numbers,  and  experiencing  no 

8490- -00 8 


114 


KEPOKT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    EICO,   1899. 


loss  or  gain  from  emigration  or  immigration — and  3  per  cent  died  each 
year,  it  is  clear  that  a  number  equal  to  the  total  population  of  the 
island  would  have  died  at  the  end  of  thirty -three  and  one-third  years. 
This  does  not  imply  that  every  person  on  the  island  would  die  on 
reaching  that  age,  but  does  inipty  that  the  persons  dj'ing  below  the 
age  of  33i  years  would  be  equal  in  number  to  those  dying  above  that 
age,  and,  consequently,  that  a  child  born  in  Porto  Rico  would  have  an 
even  chance  of  reaching  33£  years  before  its  death.  This  is  what  is 
sometimes  called  by  statisticians  the  expectation  of  life.  In  such  a 
stationary  population,  also,  there  would  be  as  many  persons  below  as 
above  33i  years — that  is,  the  median  age  of  the  population  would  be 
33^  years.  Now,  it  has  already  appeared  from  the  analysis  of  the  age 
figures  of  Porto  Rico  (page  47)  that  the  median  age  is  not  33i,  but 
18.1  years.  A  part  of  this  difference  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  popu- 
lation of  Porto  Rico  is  increasing  rather  than  stationary.  But  this 
increase  is  far  from  sufficient  to  account  for  the  difference  between  the 
observed  median  age  of  the  population  and  the  median  age  estimated 
on  the  assumption  of  a  stationary  population  and  a  death  rate  of  30 
per  annum.  The  only  obvious  way  of  escaping  the  difficulty  is  to 
assume  that  the  true  death  rate  in  Porto  Rico  must  be  somewhat  higher 
than  the  death  rate  of  30  obtained  from  the  analysis  of  the  figures, 
and  that  many  deaths  have  occurred  on  the  island  which  have  not  been 
entered  in  the  registers  or  reported  to  this  office. 

Another  line  of  argument  may  be  offered  tending  to  the  same  result. 
Porto  Rico  has  been  gaining  but  little  by  immigration,  and  nearly  all 
of  its  increase  has  been  by  excess  of  births  over  deaths.  This  increase, 
however,  for  the  last  few  decades,  has  been  but  little  more  than  1.5 
per  cent  per  annum.  If  one  can  ascertain  approximately  the  births 
in  Porto  Rico  each  year  and  their  ratio  to  population,  one  may  ascer- 
tain indirectly  the.  probable  number  of  deaths.  Now,  two  censuses, 
those  of  1860  and  1899,  have  reported  the  number  of  children  under 
1  year  of  age  in  Porto  Rico.  They  are  the  survivors  of  the  children 
born  within  the  preceding  twelve  months.  In  the  following  table  these 
two  are  compared  with  the  total  population  reported  by  the  census: 

Per  cent  of  population  under  1  year  of  age. 


Census. 

Total  popu- 
lation. 

Population 
under  1 
year  of  age. 

Per  cent. 

1860... 

583  308 

16  833 

2  8 

1899.. 

953  243 

26  309 

2  7 

These  figures  indicate  a  birth  rate  for  Porto  Rico  of  at  least  27  per 
thousand  population,  but  two  considerations  warrant  the  belief  that  the 
true  birth  rate  must  be  much  higher  than  this.  In  the  first  place,  no 
account  has  been  taken  of  the  number  of  children  who  were  born  and 


VITAL    STATISTICS.  115 

then  died  in  Porto  Rico  in  the  year  preceding  the  census  day.  From 
all  that  is  known  of  the  conditions  on  the  island,  one  may  assume  that 
this  proportion  was  very  high.  Where  ignorance,  poverty,  and  unsani- 
tary conditions  prevail,  it  is  not  at  all  uncommon  for  one-fourth 
of  all  the  children  born  to  die  during  their  first  year  of  life.  If  one 
assumes  that  this  is  true  in  Porto  Rico,  the  true  birth  rate  would  be  35 
or  36  instead  of  30.  That  this  is  not  an  exaggerated  estimate  of  the  true 
birth  rate  is  perhaps  indicated  by  the  fact  that  Spain,  for  the  years 
1865-1869,  reported  an  average  birthrate  of  36.7,  for  the  years  1878- 
1880  an  average  birth  rate  of  35.7,  and  for  the  years  1887-1888  an 
average  rate  of  36.3.  All  that  one  knows  of  Porto  Rican  conditions 
indicates  that  the  birth  rate  on  that  island  must  be  decidedly  higher 
than  it  is  in  Spain. 

A  second  cause  for  thinking  the  birth  rate  in  Porto  Rico  to  be  much 
higher  than  27  is  found  in  the  general  tendency  of  parents,  in  report- 
ing the  ages  of  young  children,  to  overstate  them.  For  this  reason  the 
number  of  children  under  1  becomes  erroneously  small  by  the  transfer 
of  many  infants  really  belonging  in  that  class  into  the  class  of  children 
1  or  even  2  yours  old.  From  Table  IX  it  will  be  noticed  that  the  chil- 
dren in  Porto  Rico  2,  3,  and  4  years  old,  November  10, 1899,  were  much 
more  numerous  than  those  under  1.  Such  a  relation,  if  it  existed, 
could  be  due  only  to  an  abnormally  low  birth  rate  for  the  preceding 
yoar  or  a  very  high  infant  mortality  affecting  mainly  the  children 
under  1.  Neither  of  these  assumptions  seems  so  probable  as  that  a 
considerable  number  of  Porto  Rican  children  belonging  to  the  first 
year  of  life  have  been  transferred,  as  often  happens,  to  the  later  age 
periods.  When  one  considers  that  Saxony,  Russia  in  Europe,  and 
Roumania  have  a  birth  rate  of  between  40  and  50  per  annum,  it  seems 
probable  that  the  true  birth  rate  of  Porto  Rico  must  be  as  high  as  40 
per  annum,  and  that  the  true  death  rate  is  nearer  40  than  30,  while 
both  birth  rate  and  death  rate  may  not  improbably  rise  above  40.  On 
the  whole,  therefore,  it  is  not  probable  that  the  births  and  deaths 
recorded  in  the  preceding  tables  included  all  or  nearly  all  of  those 
which  occurred  in  Porto  Rico.  Still,  inferences  may  perhaps  be  derived 
from  the  figures,  notwithstanding  the  admission  that  they  are  imperfect 
and  incomplete. 

From  the  table  showing  deaths  and  death  rates  in  Porto  Rico  year  by 
year  it  appears  that  these  have  varied  quite  widely  from  a  minimum 
rate  of  24.6  to  a  maximum  of  35.7.  The  rates  at  the  beginning  and 
end  of  the  period  of  eleven  years  were  much  higher  than  for  several 
years  in  the  middle  of  the  series.  The  variations,  however,  have  not 
been  sharp,  being  in  nowise  comparable  with  those  shown  in  Cuba  for 
the  same  period. 


116 


REPOET    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


In  the  following  table  the  death  rates  are  given  by  departments  for 
each  year: 

Death  rates  in  Porto  Rico,  1888-1898,  by  departments. 


Yc'iir. 

Aguadilla. 

Arecibo. 

Bayamon. 

Gwiyama. 

Humacao. 

Muyaguez. 

Ponce. 

1888            .   . 

31.3 

31.6 

23.3 

26.9 

29.4 

39.3 

36  1 

1889            

34.6 

32.0 

24.3 

33.1 

35.0 

33.7 

82  0 

1890 

28  6 

38  1 

26  4 

33  7 

33  0 

40  6 

&>  2 

1891 

27.6 

26.3 

25  3 

27.1 

30.3 

33.3 

28  6 

1892  

26.9 

29.6 

25.1 

23.1 

31.9 

33.2 

28.1 

1893  

23.2 

24.9 

.23.4 

21.0 

25.8 

26.4 

26.3 

1894 

27.7 

27  7 

25  3 

27  0 

27.3 

31.0 

2'.t  1 

1895  

27.9 

30.6 

30  0 

25.4 

27.1 

35.5 

26.8 

18%  

28.0 

30.0 

24.3 

27.0 

30.9 

31.7 

24.7 

1897 

28  4 

32  7 

31  9 

39  3 

45.6 

34.9 

32.0 

1898  

36.3 

38.9 

26.2 

39.2 

35.7 

42.2 

33.7 

Average  

29.1 

30.5 

26.0 

29.4 

32.0 

34.7 

29.9 

These  departments  do  not  vary  widely  from  the  average  for  the 
island,  nor  does  it  appear  that  any  one  or  more  of  the  departments 
suffered  severely  while  the  remainder  were  unaffected.  In  one  case, 
in  the  year  1897,  it  would  seem  that  the  eastern  end  of  the  island, 
Humacao,  Guayama,  and  Bayamon  suffered  and  the  death  rate  rose, 
while  in  the  other  four  departments  this  did  not  occur.  In  1893  nearly 
all  the  departments  seem  to  have  had  a  comparatively  low  death  rate, 
while  in  1890  the  death  rate  in  two  of  the  western  departments,  Maya- 
guez  and  Arecibo,  was  unusually  high.  One  is  somewhat  surprised 
to  find  the  average  rate  for  Mayaguez  running  higher  than  in  the  other 
departments,  and  the  suspicion  arises  that  this  may  be  due  to  more 
accurate  records  rather  than  to  a  rate  really  above  the  average. 

BIRTHS   AND   BIRTH'  RATES. 

The  following  table  gives  the  birth  rates  for  Porto  Rico  as  a  whole, 
by  single  years: 

Birth  rates  in  Porto  Rico,  1888-1898. 


Year. 

Population. 

Births. 

Birth 
rates. 

1888... 

811  454 

27,401 

33.7 

1889  

824,344 

25,113 

30.4 

1890  

837,234 

24,  231 

28.9 

1891  

850,  124 

23,4% 

27.6 

1892  

863,014 

25,302 

29.3 

1893  

875,  903 

25,  457 

29.0 

1894. 

888,793 

24,  548 

27.6 

1895                              ...                                        

901,683 

25,090 

27.8 

18%  

914,  573 

26,  270 

28.7 

1897  .   .         .             .   .. 

927,  -163 

25,827 

27.  s 

1898  

940,353 

19,  719 

19.9 

Average  

875,  903 

24,768 

28.2 

(  )n<-  notices  that,  on  the  average,  the  registered  number  of  births  to 
!i  thousand  prisons  is  loss  than  the  registered  number  of  deaths  to  a 
thousand  persons.  As  Porto  Rico  has  been  gaining  but  little  by  immi- 
gration in  recent  years,  this  apparent  inference  from  the  tables  must 
t>o  rejected  as  incorrect  and  interpreted  as  evidence  of  omissions  in  the 


VITAL    STATISTICS.  117 

birth  records.  In  nearly  all  Countries  omissions  of  births  occur  much 
more  frequently  than  oini>>ion-  of  deaths.  The  birth  rate  in  Arecibo 
and  Mayaguez  is  higher  than  elsewhere,  a  condition -which  leads  one 
a<fain  to  suspect  that  the  figures  for  Mayaguez  are  probably  more 
accurate  and  careful  than  those  kept  by  the  other  departments.  Much 
the  lowest  birth  rate  in  the  island  is  found  in  Bayamon. 

It  is  probable  that  the  proportion  of  children  under  5  in  1899  to  the 
total  population  would  vary  from  department  to  department  in  rough 
agreement  with  the  variations  in  true  birth  rate  during  the  preceding 
years.  That  they  do  not  thus  vary  is  indicated  by  the  following  list: 

I>>  i>nrtments  arranged  in  the  order  of 
Increasing  proportion  <if  j>'>/iuIntioH,  O-4:    Increasing  birth  rnti-.  if:<i.~>-i898: 

Mayaguez.  Bayamon. 

Ponce.  Humacao. 

Bayamon.  (luayama. 

Arecibo.  Aguadilla. 

Aguadilla.  Ponc-e. 

Humacao.  Mayaguez. 

(-iuayama.  Arecibo. 

From  these  figures  one's  belief  is  strengthened  that  the  differences 
in  birth  rate  and  death  rate  are  due  primarily  to  differences  in  the 
accuracy  of  registration  rather  than  to  differences  of  actual  rate. 

MARRIAGES   AtfD   MARRIAGE    RATES. 

The  proportion  of  marriages  to  population  in  Porto  Rico,  is  so  low 
as  to  make  the  figures  insignificant.  One  notices  from  the  table  (p.  113) 
that  marriages  were  apparently  much  more  numerous  during  the  years 
from  1890  to  1895  than  during  the  two  years  before  or  after  that  tune. 
This  may  be  an  indication  that  the  economic  conditions  on  the  island 
were  somewhat  worse  during  the  earlier  and  the  later  parts  of  the 
eleven-year  period  than  they  were  in  the  intervening  time,  but  beyond 
this  scarcely  any  inferences  from  the  table  seem  warranted. 

In  the  following  table  the  departments  are  arranged  in  the  order  of 
the  average  marriage  rate  for  the  eleven  jrears,  and  in  the  second  col- 
umn the  proportion  of  white  to  the  total  population  is  stated: 


Department. 

Average 
marriage 
rate  for 
11  years. 

Propor- 
tion of 
white  to 
total 
popula- 
tion. 

Humacao  

2.5 

4.;.  ] 

Guavama  

3.5 

50  7 

Bavainon  

3.6 

48.9 

Ponce  

3.8 

59.6 

Ma  vaarut'z  

4.5 

64.3 

Arecibo  • 

5.1 

77  1 

Aguadilla  

6.0 

85.6 

It  will  be  noticed  that,  with  a  slight  exception  in  the  case  of  Guayauia, 
the  two  columns  vary  concomitantlv.  This  confirms  what  was  also 
shown  by  the  figures  for  marital  condition,  that  lawful  marriage  i«i 
much  more  common  among  the  white  population  than  among  the  colored. 


AGRICULTURE. 

While  agriculture  is  now  the  principal  source  of  wealth  to  Porto  Rico, 
the  early  settlers  were  for  many  yours  engaged  in  cuttle  raising,  and 
this  is  still  an  important  industry,  the  rich  and  luxuriant  pastures  and 
many  streams  providing  all  that  is  necessary  for  this  purpose.  It  may 
be  said  that  all  fruits  and  vegetables  adapted  to  a  tropical  climate  will 
yield  abundantly  in  Porto  Rico,  and  this  is  especially  true  of  the  coffee 
tree,  the  sugar  cane,  and  the  tobacco  plant,  the  three  staples  of  most 
importance  in  the  order  named,  and  grown  widely  over  the  island. 

The  following  reports,  prepared  especially  for  the  census  by  Sefiors 
M.  Badrena.  supervisor  of  the  department  of  Mavaguez:  Ricardo 
Hernandez,  supervisor  of  the  department  of  Bayamon.  and  M.  Pla- 
nella,  of  Cayey,  give  interesting  facts  concerning  the  history  and  culti- 
vation of  coffee,  sugar,  and  tobacco.  They  are  printed  substantially 
as  received. 

COFFEE. 

Report  of  St'iior  RICARDO  HERNANDEZ. 

"The  coffee  plant  is  a  shrub  2  or  3  meters  high  with  permanent  leaves. 
a  delicate,  flexible-trunk  of  some  <>  centimeters  in  diameter,  with  oppo- 
>ite  and  alternate  ramifications  forming  CToaaes.  It  generally  bifur- 
cates at  the  surface  of  the  ground,  giving  the  appearance  of  two  or 
three  plants  being  joined  together.  This  is  due  to  the  fact  that  each 
grain  of  coffee  gives  origin  to  two  plants.  The  system  of  cultivation 
has  limited  the  development  of  the  height  to  the  point  above  indicated. 
but  in  Arabia  and  in  some  parts  of  America  whore  the  tree  is  allowed 
to  grow  f reel \ .  the  coffee  becomes  a  thick  tree  with  sharp  lanceolate 
erect  leaves,  dark  green  in  color,  permanent,  thick,  and  smooth. 

''The  blossom  of  the  coffee  is  white,  fragrant,  and  resembles  the  jas- 
mine blossom,  with  five  stamens  grouped  together  and  implanted  in 
the  axila  of  the  loaves;  tubular  corolla,  small  globulous  calyx  with  live 
teeth. 

"The  fruit  is  oblong,  fleshy,  resembling  the  cherry,  bright  green  in 
color,  which  on  ripening  turns  to  an  intense  red.  and  contains  in  the 
interior  the  seed  composed  of  two  coriaceous  plano-convex  discs,  so 
firmly  united  at  their  plane  surfaces  that  they  sometimes  break  before 
separating. 

"The  cofl'ee  has  a  central  or  tap  root  which  penetrates  the  ground 
about  so  centimeters,  and  also  many  secondary  rootlets  near  the 
surface." 

118 


CULTIVATION  OF  COFFEE.  119 

SUITABLE    CLIMATE. 

"In  Porto  Rico  the  select  and  renowned  coffee  is  produced  between 
200  and  800  meters  above  the  sea  level.  At  this  elevation  are  found 
the  towns  of  Yauco,  Lares,  Maricao,  Utuado,  Cayey,  etc.,  which 
form  the  productive  region  of  the  renowned  coffee  of  Porto  Rico. 
Tliis  region,  which  includes  something  more  than  the  southwest  quad- 
rant of  the  island,  is  characterized  by  a  climate  of  perpetual  spring. 
The  constant  breeze  refreshes  the  atmosphere  and  the  frequent  rains 
equalize  the  seasons  so  that  not  even  in  times  of  drought  does  the  vege- 
tation suffer  as  occurs  on  the  southern  coast  of  the  island,  nor  during 
the  rainy  season  are  the  rains  so  heavy  as  on'  the  north  coast.  Owing 
to  these  favorable  climatic  conditions  and  to  the  fact  that  the  coffee 
groves  are  situated  in  valleys  sheltered  from  the  strong  winds,  and  the 
soil,  of  which  we  will  presently  speak  in  detail,  is  due  the  enviable 
reputation  of  the  coffee  of  the  country. 

"In  the  central  range  of  Porto  Rico  is  the  Sierra  Luquilla.  which 
has  an  elevation  of  1,500  meters  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  it  is 
observed  that  above  the  middle  height  of  this  mountain  coffee  groves 
do  not  exist.  Whether  owing  to  the  climate  or  to  the  soil,  which  may 
be  unsuitable,  where  only  grow  some  shrubs  in  thickets  and  some 
worthless  herbs,  it  is  true  that  after  800  meters  have  been  passed  the 
coffee  is  not  seen,  and  all  attempts  to  grow  it  at  that  altitude  have 
been  without  results. 

"Coffee  growers  modify  the  climate  by  employing  shade,  that  i.s. 
they  plant  their  coffee  groves  beneath  the  shade  of  a  grove  of  thick 
trees,  a.s.  for  example,  the  hucares,  guaha,  jobo,  guama,  mango,  etc., 
and  under  the  banana  trees  when  the  coffee  groves  are  young. 

SUITABLE    SOIL. 

"The  coffee  grows  on  hills  of  low  elevation,  associated  with  many 
other  trees,  which  afford  shade,  modify  the  temperature,  and  protect 
the  coffee  from  the  hurricanes  and  torrential  rains. 

"The  composition  of  these  coffee  soils  is  variable,  but  in  all  of  them 
sand  predominates  and  on  the  surface  there  is  an  abundant  covering 
the  product  of  the  decayed  vegetation  of  the  forest. 

"The  land  which  produces  the  renowned  coffee  of  Porto  Rico,  as  to 
its  physical  appearance,  seems  to  be  a  very  tine  clay,  and  when  it  rains 
becomes  as  slippery  as  soap,  and  transit  at  such  times  is  dangerous. 
It  has  a  red  color  when  moist,  and  when  squeezed  through  the  fingers 
resembles  in  its  color  and  smoothness  the  oxide  of  iron  paint,  but  when 
dry  it  becomes  very  hard. 


120  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSLS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

CULTIVATION    OF   COFFEE. 

"The  method  employed  in  Porto  Rico  and  other  points  for  the  grow- 
ing and  multiplication  of  coffee,  by  utilizing  the  plants  which  spring 
up  from  the  seed  which  falls  alone  or  is  lost  at  gathering  time,  must 
be  superseded  by  another  method  more  certain,  employing  seed  set 
apart  for  the  purpose. 

"In  order  to  make  seed  beds,  a  place  is  selected  with  a  slightly 
inclined  surface,  or  at  least  one  which  will  not  become  swampy  or 
muddy  and  which  has  a  good  layer  of  vegetable  soil,  and  it  is  worked 
or  spaded  until  the  same  is  well  pulverized.  It  is  cleared  of  all  roots, 
stones,  etc.,  and  if  the  land  be  not  sufficiently  fertile  it  is  enriched 
with  common  barnyard  manure.  After  this  has  been  done,  in  the 
month  of  February,  the  sowing  takes  place,  for  which  purpose  coffee 
grains  in  the  berry  or  husk  are  selected  which  can  be  seen  to  have 
unusual  size  and  weight,  and  which  give  signs  of  being  perfectly 
formed,  and  they  are  planted  at  a  depth  of  3  centimeters.  The 
grains  are  planted  with  the  finger,  or,  as  is  more  convenient,  with  a 
stick,  and  after  being  placed  in  the  hole  are  covered  with  earth,  which 
is  pressed  down  with  the  hand.  The  planting  should  be  in  rows  sepa- 
rated from  each  other  a  distance  of  about  15  centimeters,  and  the  dis- 
tance between  each  planted  grain  should  be  the  same.  In  about 
twenty  days  the  new  coffee  plants  will  commence  to  spring  up,  and 
they  are  allowed  to  remain  for  a  year  or  a  3*ear  and  a  half,  when  they 
will  have  acquired  a  height  of  about  80  centimeters  or  have  three 
crosses,  at  which  time  they  may  be  transplanted  to  the  site  determined 
upon  for  the  coffee  grove. 

"The  care  of  the  seed  beds  during  this  time  is  limited  to  clearing  it 
of  weeds  and  taking  measures  to  prevent  the  winds  from  injuring  the 
tender  plants,  because  if  they  are  seen  to  turn  black  or  take  on  a  burnt 
color  the  center  or  stock  of  the  little  plant  will  cease  to  grow.  They 
may  be  protected  from  the  winds  by  making  palisades  or  shelters  of 
boards,  palm  leaves,  cane,  bamboo,  etc. 

"  When  the  small  plants  have  acquired  the  height  indicated,  the  lower 
and  middle  branches  are  cut  off,  leaving  only  the  cross  branches  in 
order  that  the  trunk  may  grow  straight  and  clean,  and  its  top  or 
branching  commence  at  the  height  most  convenient  for  the  work  of 
gathering  the  crop. 

"Some  days  after  this  pruning  the  trees  are  taken  up  from  the  seed 
bed,  using  for  this  purpose  a  narrow  spade,  which  is  thrust  into  the 
earth  near  the  foot  of  the  tree  to  a  depth  equal  to  the  length  of  the 
roots,  and  then  by  gently  employing  the  necessary  force,  the  tree  is 
taken  out  with  all  its  roots  intact,  and  with  a  clod  of  earth  which  it 
is  necessary  to  preserve,  so  that  the- roots  may  remain  covered  and 
a  new  rooting  when  transplanted. 


CULTIVATION    OF    COFFEE.  121 

"When  the  trees  taken  up  have  very  long  tap  roots,  say  of  20  cen- 
timeters, it  is  well  to  cut  off  the  lower  half  with  a  pair  of  scissors. 

PLANTING. 

' '  The  first  necessary  condition  which  land  intended  for  a  coffee  grove 
must  have  is  that  it  be  protected  from  the  full  force  of  the  constant 
and  tempestuous  winds;  thus  ravines,  points  protected  by  a  mountain 
or  masses  of  vegetation,  those  exposed  to  the  south,  etc.,  possess  these 
conditions.  The  land  must  also  be  sloping  or  high,  so  that  the  rains 
shall  never  form  pools  or  mud  holes.  • 

"The  preparation  of  the  land  consists  in  the  labors  necessary  to  pul- 
verize the  ground,  turn  the  earth  over,  thoroughly  cleaning  it  of  roots, 
stones,  etc.,  and  making  the  holes  which  are  to  receive  the  young 
plants. 

"The  planting  or  setting  out  of  the  plants  is  done  in  the  following 
manner: 

"On  the  land  plowed  and  cleaned  equidistant  lines  are  marked  out, 
2£  meters  from  each  other,  and  along  this  line,  at  intervals  of  2£ 
meters,  holes  are  dug  45  centimeters  long,  45  centimeters  wide,  and 
45  centimeters  deep.  The  superficial  earth  is  placed  to  the  right  of 
the  hole,  and  the  lower  earth,  or  subsoil,  to  the  left,  the  latter  being 
thoroughly  mixed  with  a  kilogram  of  barnyard  manure. 

"Eight  days  after 'the  holes  have  been  dug  the  plant  is  set  out,  being 
brought  from  the  seed  bed  in  baskets,  the  roots  wrapped  in  bark  and 
banana  leaves  and  covered  with  damp  coffee  sacking,  and  then  the 
laborers  proceed  to  set  out  the  plants.  One  man  takes  the  plant  and 
places  it  in  the  hole,  throwing  in  first  the  earth  on  the  right-hand  side 
of  the  hole — that  is,  that  portion  of  earth  taken  from  the  surface, 
which,  being  richer,  is  best  to  place  next  to  the  roots — and  then  the 
hole  is  filled  with  the  remaining  fertilized  earth,  tramping  it  down  in 
the  hole  in  order  to  make  it  firm. 

"Three  or  four  months  after  the  first  planting  it  is  necessary  to, 
replant — that  is,  to  set  out  trees  in  those  holes  in  which  the  first  plant- 
ings did  not  live — taking  care  that  the  new  trees  have  the  same  size  as 
the  others  in  order  that  the  entire  grove  nmy  develop  and  grow 
evenly. 

WORKINGS. 

"The  coffee  groves  situated  on  level  lands,  or  those  but  slightly  in- 
clined and  in  .situations  which  permit  the  employment  of  oxen,  ought 
to  be  worked  with  the  plow,  giving  it  two  plowings  a  year,  the  first 
after  the  replanting  and  six  months  later  the  second,  selecting  such 
times  for  this  operation  as  will  find  the  soil  fresh  and  moist. 

"If,  owing  to  the  condition  of  the  ground  or  on  account  of  its  incli- 
nation the  plow  can  not  be  used,  the  coffee  grove  must  b«  worked  by 


122  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 

hand,  and  the  hoe  employed  for  this  purpose  should  penetrate  30  centi- 
meters into  the  ground:  and  as  this  work  is  expensive,  it  is  done  hut- 
once  a  year,  in  the  month  of  December. 

PRUNING. 

"The  coffee,  like  all  trees  intended  to  hear  fruit,  requires  pruning. 
If  the  excessive,  badly  calculated  pruning  which  has  been  practiced  in 
Cuba  has  been  prejudicial,  the  abandonment  of  these  groves  to  spon- 
taneous development,  to  which  they  have  been  left  in  Porto  Rico  and 
other  points,  has  also  worked  injury.  If  we  consider  the  tree  as  a 
machine  destined  to  give  fruit  and  produce  forced  profits,  its  growth 
must  be  regulated  and  its  organs  prepared. 

"The  coffee  tree  should  be  pruned  from  the  time  it  is  3  \rears  old, 
counting  from  the  time  when  the  first  pruning  gave  shape  to  the  tree. 
This  operation  consists  in  cutting  away  during  the  third  year  the  first 
crosses  above  the  roots  in  order  to  commence  the  formation  of  a  clean, 
strong,  straight  trunk.  The  fourth  year,  the  fourth  and  even  the  fifth 
cross  is  removed  for  the  purpose  of  preparing  the  final  and  only  cross 
of  the  tree,  which  is  to  serve  for  the  woody  branches  and  for  the  for- 
mation of  the  top.  During  the  fifth  year  the  center  is  cut  in  order  to 
restrain  the  longitudinal  growth  of  the  tree,  and  leave  the  cross  at  the 
height  of  a  meter  and  a  half,  which  is  most  convenient  afterwards  when 
gathering  the  fruit.  If  the  tree  should  be  allowed  to  grow  taller  the 
gathering  would  be  difficult,  and  if  it  should  have  a  lesser  height  it 
would  reduce  the  body  of  the  tree  and  diminish  the  productive  zone. 

"In  addition  to  the  formative  prunings  which  terminate  during  the 
fifth  or  sixth  year  an  annual  pruning  is  necessary,  which  is  intended: 

"  First.  To  make  the  grove  render  the  largest  possible  amount  of 
fruit;  and  in  order  to  secure  this  result  it  is  necessary  to  cut  off  the 
old  branches,  or  those  which  have  exhausted  their  capacity  to  bear 
fruit,  in  order  to  give  the  tree  the  necessary  light  and  ventilation. 

"  Second.  To  suppress  the  suckers  which  absorb  the  sap  and  give  no 
fruit;  to  cut  the  sprouts  from  the  foot  of  the  tree  and  also  from  the 
trunk  and  those  which  grow  among  the  branches  in  unsuitable  places; 
to  suppress  crooked  and  badly  placed  branches,  those  that  may  have 
been  broken  by  storms,  in  the  gathering  of  the  fruit,  or  those  which 
may  have  been  broken  by  the  excessive  weight  of  the  fruit. 

•'The  pruning  is  done  after  the  harvest  has  been  collected — that  is,  in 
the  months  of  December  and  .January — and  a  saw  should  be  employed 
for  the  thick  branches,  and  limbs  over  an  inch  and  a  half  in  thickness 
should  scarcely  ever  be  cut  off.  For  the  slender  branches  and  sprouts, 
a  sharp  cutting  machete  should  be  used,  always  making  clean  cuts 
close  to  the  limb,  covering  the  wound  with  some  sort  of  grafting  wax. 


CULTIVATION    OF    COFFEE.  123 

HOEING. 

"  Hoeing  is  for  the  purpose  of  freeing  the  ground  of  pernicious  vege- 
tation. In  Porto  Rico,  Cuba,  and  many  other  places  this  operation 
is  usually  performed  by  cutting  awa}T  the  growth  with  blows  of  the 
machete. 

"The  hoeing  in  the  improved  cultivation  is  not  performed  in  this 
manner,  because  by.  the  following  month,  in  tropical  regions,  the 
pernicious  vegetation  has  again  grown  up,  owing  to  the  climate,  tem- 
perature, and  humidity.  The  cleaning  must  be  done  with  a  hoe,  dig- 
ging well  into  the  ground  and  causing  the  pernicious  plants  to  dry  up 
even  to  the  roots.  This  is  the  way  to  destroy  this  vegetation  in  a  few 
years  and  also  benefit  the  coffee  trees  and  enrich  the  ground. 
1  "If  in  the  month  of  January  the  hoeing  or  plowing  was  done,  of  which 
mention  has  already  been  made,  it  will  not  be  necessary  to  weed  the 
ground  again  until  the  month  of  April,  when  the  coffee  grove  is  in  full 
bloom.  This  work  of  weeding,  in  addition  to  destroying  the  weeds 
which  absorb  the  strength  of  the  ground,  also  loosens  the  soil  which 
aids  the  bloom  and  assists  in  the  development  of  the  fruit.  Another 
weeding,  although  more  superficial,  should  be  given  in  August  in  order 
that  the  fruit  may  receive  the  benefits  which  the  blossoms  received  as 
before  mentioned,  and  so  be  nourished  and  acquire  additional  weight. 

GATHERING. 

"  The  coffee  blooms  in  February  and  March  and  the  fruit  is  gathered 
in  October  and  November.  It  can  be  readily  seen  how  long  the  tree  is 
engaged  in  reproduction,  and  during  this  time  is  exposed  to  rains 
which  soak  the  pollen  of  the  blossoms  and  render  them  sterile,  to  the 
winds  which  shake  the  fruit,  to  the  sun  which  dries  it  up,  to  the  birds, 
insects,  and  accidents  which  destroy  the  product  of  the  grove. 

"The  gathering  may  be  performed  in  the  following  ways: 

1.  By  hand,  gathering  the  berries  one   by  one,  placing  them  in 
baskets,  sacks,  etc. 

2.  By  shaking  the  tree,  causing  the  ripe  fruit  to  fall  by  a  gentle 
motion,  and  then  gathering  the  berries  from  the  ground. 

3.  By  spontaneous  falling,  waiting  until  they  by  natural  processes 
fall  to  the  ground. 

"The  first  process  is  the  one  employed  in  Porto  Rico,  Cuba,  and  other 
places.  It  is  the  most  reasonable,  perfect,  and  proper,  but  it  is  neces- 
sary to  have  command  of  a  sufficient  working  population,  as  it  calls 
for  numerous  hands.  Each  person  can  or  ought  to  gather  &fanegal  in 
a  dav. 


[A.fanega  is  about  100  pounds. 


124  REPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

COFFEE    INDUSTRIES. 

"The  coffee  from  the  time  it  is  gathered  until  sent  to  market  goes 
through  eight  delicate  processes  or  operations,  on  which  depends  the 
commercial  value  of  the  grain. 

"1.  The  most  primitive  method  of  hulling  consists  in  putting  the 
coffee  into  a  wooden  mortar  and  with  a  hard,  heavy  wooden  pestle 
pound  it  long  enough  to  loosen  the  hull  of  the  coffee,  green  or* dry. 
according  to  the  plan  adopted. 

"2.  The  coffee,  after  being  hulled  green,  remains  covered  with  a 
mucilage  that  must  .be  removed,  for  which  purpose  the  grains  are 
washed  in  ordinary  water. 

"3.  After  the  coffee  is  washed  it  must  be  dried,  and  for  this  purpose 
it  is  spread  out  on  the  drier  for  the  time  necessary,  so  that  the  heat 
and  air  may  thoroughly  dry  the  grains. 

"4.  From  the  warehouses  or  granaries  where  the  coffee  has  been 
hulled  the  drier  or  seasoner  is  taken,  which  is  a  large  shallow  box  of 
wood  on  stringers  placed  on  supports.  These  boxes  are  movable,  so 
they  may  be  run  out  into  the  sunshine  or  returned  under  roof  at  night 
or  when  it  rains. 

"5.  When  the  coffee  is  dry  it  must  be  separated  from  the  mem- 
branous endocarp  or  parchment  which  still  covers  and  protects  the 
grain,  and  this  is  so  adherent  that  considerable  force  is  necessary  to 
separate  it,  and  a  good  degree  of  skill  in  the  work  is  needed  in  order 
to  avoid  breaking  of  the  grain. 

"6.  As  the  above-described  operation  leaves  the  coffee  mixed  with 
the  film  with  which  it  was  covered,  it  is  necessary  to  clean  it,  and 
owing  to  the  lightness  of  the  film  compared  to  the  grain,  wind  is  used 
to  make  the  separation,  and  it  is  therefore  made  to  fall  in  a  shower 
from  a  certain  height  in  some  place  where  there  is  a  good  current 
of  air. 

"7.  Classification  is  the  most  tedious  and  delicate  operation,  and  in 
Porto  Rico  is  performed  by  women,  who  put  the  coffee  out  upon  the 
ground  or  on  a  table  and  proceed  to  classify  or  select,  forming  the  first 
class  of  the  sound,  large,  entire,  and  clean  grains.  This  is  'select' 
coffee.  The  second  class,  called  triache,  is  composed  of  small,  dark 
grains,  having  been  too  long  in  the  dryer  or  taken  from  the  tree  before 
they  were  fully  ripe.  The  third  class  is  'broken'  coffee,  which  in- 
cludes all  grains  that  are  torn  and  broken  during  the  various  cleaning 
operations. 

"8.  After  the  coffee  is  classified  and  selected  it  is  packed  in  such  a 
manner  that  it  will  be  protected  from  exterior  influences  and  causes 
that  might  damage  or  injure  it.  Wooden  boxes,  barrels,  or  sacks  are 
used  for  this  purpose,  and  are  stored  in  the  warehouses  until  the  coffee 
is  sold. 


CULTIVATION    OF    COFFEE.  125 

"'There  are  small  plantations  where  the  cultivation  is  both  intelligent 
and  intense,  which  produce  30  quintals  and  more  per  hectare,  but  this 
is  exceptional,  for  there  are  lands  in  the  same  region  which  scarcely 
produce  one  quintal.  As  an  average  crop,  taken  from  the  different 
classes  of  land,  and  taking  into  account  also  the  variations  that  occur 
from  year  to  year,  a  production  of  from  10  to  14  quintals  per  hectare 
may  be  counted  on  as  the  result  of  fairly  intelligent  cultivation." 

Report  of  Senor  M.  BADBENA. 
HISTORY. 

"It  is  unquestionable  that  the  cultivation  of  coffee  in  the  island  of 
Porto  Rico  was  started  by  emigrants  from  the  island  of  Haiti,  situated 
westerly  of  Porto  Rico.  The  insurrection  of  the  black  element 
against  the  white  decided  most  of  the  latter  to  quit  the  French 
side  of  that  island  and  seek  refuge  in  Porto  Rico,  not  only  on 
account  of  the  fertility  of  the  soil,  but  also  because  of  the  good  nature 
of  the  natives.  The  many  families  of  French  descent  which  reside 
in  the  coffee  districts  confirm  my  opinion  about  this  particular. 

PROGRESS. 

''Progress  in  cultivation  was  necessarily  slow,  as  the  plant  requires 
ten  years  for  full  development,  and  markets  were  also  to  be  found. 
Up  to  the  year  1876,  planters  had  no  inducement  to  extend  the  culti- 
vation; the  prices  left  no  margin  of  profit,  and  the  augmentation  in 
the  crops  came  only  from  natural  development  and  some  work  done 
indifferently.  Coffee  was  then  considered  of  little  consequence  in  the 
future  of  Porto  Rico.  Up  to  that  time  our  markets  were  limited  to 
ports  of  the  Mediterranean  Sea,  Italy  ranging  the  first.  Some  was 
exported  also  to  Germany  and  France;  very  little  to  other  markets. 
All  at  once  the  United  States  of  America  opened  their  markets  to 
free  coffee,  and  a  jump  of  from  $12  to  $19  soon  occurred;  then  another 
jump  and  the  price  went  up  to  $29.30  per  hundredweight,  and  I  say 
dollars  because  at  that  time  our  exchange  was  below  par.  As  men- 
tioned before,  this  happened  in  the  year  1876,  and  many  were  the 
cargoes  that  left  our  shores  for  the  United  States,  sailing  ships  being 
the  only  vessels  obtainable.  Unfortunately,  no  attention  was  paid  to 
the  quality  shipped,  and  as  we  can  not  compete  with  Brazilian  coffee 
on  account  of  its  relative  cheapness,  the  field  in  the  United  States 
remained  for  Brazil.  Later  the  attention  of  man}-  was  called  to  coffee 
growing;  there  was  a  good  margin  in  it  then,  and  more  care  in  the 
manipulation  of  the  bean  brought  to  us  the  highest  prices  and  the 
best  markets  of  Europe.  Spain  and  Cuba  consumed  the  poorest 
qualities." 


126  REPORT 'ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

HARD  TIMES. 

"Not  all  of  the  planters  prospered,  however,  during  the  long  period 
of  good  prices.  Excessive  expenditures,  unnecessary  expansion  in  buy- 
ing new  lands,  money  borrowed  at  high  interest,  and  other  causes, 
principally  the  changing  from  the  gold  basis  to  silver,  which  apparently, 
but  only  apparently,  favored  their  interests,  resulted  in  bad  times  for 
the  planters,  who  found  themselves  involved  in  debt. 

"The  war  came;  burning  of  plantations  was  of  daily  occurrence,  the 
demand  from  Spain  and  Cuba  was  annulled,  and  the  price  was  lower 
than  could  be  remembered  in  a  generation.  Hopes,  however,  were 
bright  for  a  good  crop  and  good  prices  this  year,  but  the  hurricane  of 
the  8th  of  August  brought  the  final  collapse.  Much  more  can  be  said, 
but  the  above  is  sufficient  in  general  terms  to  bring  the  attention  of 
the  Government  to  the  present  condition  of  the  coffee  interests. 

CULTIVATION    SEEDING. 

"The  old  method  was  simple  enough  and  consisted  in  breaking  up 
soil  and  planting  the  berries  after  they  were  deprived  of  their  soft 
cover  or  pulp.  In  this  way  a  considerable  quantity  of  small  plants,  as 
many  as  15,000  to  16,000  per  cuerda,1  were  obtained.  When  the  plants 
were  3  years  old  they  were  removed  or  transplanted.  Cost  per  cuerda, 
$15,  United  States  currency.  According  to  the  modern  method,  the 
soil  is  prepared  as  above.  The  sprouts  which  grow  near  and  around 
the  old  trees  are  carefully  gathered  and  transplanted  in  holes  of  about 
10  to  12  centimeters,  placed  1  square  foot  from  each  other.  In  this 
way  from  5,000  to  6,000  plants  are  obtained  in  good  condition  every 
year  from  each  cuerda,  and  the  cost  is  $16,  United  States  currency. 
The  young  plants  are  invariably  removed  to  places  where  the  shade 
and  consequent  moisture  of  large  trees  favor  their  growth.  It  is  a 
fact  that  without  this  sort  of  protection  the  shrubs  will  not  thrive. 
Thus  every  care  is  taken  in  the  selection  of  the  best  shade,  as  the 
prospect  of  the  future  coffee-bearing  tree  largely  depends  on  that. 
The  coffee  tree  is  completely  developed  and  producing  after  seven  years 
if  the  conditions  under  which  the  growth  has  been  perfected  have  been 
favorable.  Otherwise  it  will  need  ten  years,  and  the  product  will 
never  compete  with  that  of  a  good  sound  tree.  The  cost  of  one  oue?'da 
of  good  coffee  up  to  the  date  of  production  will  average  $180,  United 
States  currency. 

PRODUCE. 

"When  the  tree  is  four  years  old  it  will  pot  produce  sufficient  to  cover 
expenses,  and  if  the  soil  is  not  of  the  best  quality  the  conditions  will 
be  the  same  after  five  or  six  years.  In  such  districts  of  this  depart- 
ment (Mayaguez)  as  Las  Marias  and  Maricoa,  the  produce  of  1  cuerda 

*A  cuerda  is  equal  to  1.008  acres. 


CULTIVATION    OF    COFFEE.  127 

will  range  from  200  to  1,200  pounds.  A  fair  average  will  give  for 
everv  cuerda  400  pounds.  The  topographical  conditions  of  the 
cofi'ee -growing  districts  are  such,  and  the  hills  so  steep,  that  the  only 
agricultural  implement  that  can^be  used  with  effect  is  the  common 
ntiirli'ft:.  or  chopping  knife.  It  is  used  both  for  cleaning  the  ground 
and  for  making  the  holes. 

"During  the  months  of  March  and  April  the  trees  are  in  full  blossom. 
The  flowering  season  covers  two  months;  the  flowers  begin  to  show 
early  in  March,  and  in  April  the  force  of  the  florescence  is  complete. 
If  March  turns  out  to  be  a  rainy  month,  most  of  the  flowers  are  lost 
and  the  crop  is  a  tardy  one.  If  the  rains  in  April  are  heavy  and  per- 
sistent.  the  chances  are  that  the  flowers  will  soon  rot  and  fall  to  the 
ground  and  the  crop  be  a  poor  one. 

GATHERING. 

''The  gathering  of  the  ripe  berries  is  commenced  late  in  July  or  early 
in  August,  and  by  the  end  of  December  all  the  crop  is  in.  The  beans 
are  gathered  one  by  one  by  hand,  taking  care  to  leave  on  the  tree  the 
green  berries  and  to  preserve  the  branches  from  injury.  The  result 
of  a  day's  gathering  when  delivered,  is  passed  through  a  cylindrical 
tube  wheel,  which  takes  away  the  soft  part  of  the  berry,  and  when 
free  of  this,  the  berries  are  thrown  in  a  water  tank,  built  of  solid 
brick,  in  wrhich  they  are  left  from  eight  to  twelve  hours,  until  fer- 
mentation sets  in  and  the  viscosity  around  the  shell}'  part  of  the 
l>can  is  washed  away.  The  process  is  helped  by  moving  the  mass  two 
times  with  a  rake,  putting  in  fresh  water,  and  then  taking  it  out. 

DRYIM;. 

"The  process  of  drying  by  the  heat  of  the  sun  will  take  about  six 
days.  The  chances  are,  however,  that  more  days  are  necessary,  as  the 
gathering  is  effected  during  the  rainy  season.  In  some  cases  twentv 
days  are  required.  The  way  that  the  drying  is  effected  is  by  spreading 
the  beans  on  a  y/</r/.x.  a  large  square  place  built  of  brick  and  the 
best  cement,  a  few  inches  above  the  ground,  and  where  the  beans 
receive  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun.  A  new  device  is  large  boxes,  a 
few  inches  deep,  which  slide  in  and  out  of  small  wooden  receptacles. 

"There  is  also  a  system  of  drying  by  steam.  It  consists  of  a  revolving 
arum  through  which  a  column  of  hot  air  is  forced  by  steam  pressure, 
the  drum  containing  a  certain  quantity  of  beans,  and  the  operation  is 
concluded  in  twenty-four  hours.  The  cost  of  this  apparatus  prevents 
the  use  of  it  by  the  general  planters.  Its  name  is  secadora.  The 
result  is  advantageous,  both  as  regards  quality  and  cheapness,  the  cost 
for  drying  a  hundredweight  being  only  a  fourth  that  of  the  common 
process. 

• '  Once  the  beau  is  well  dried  it  is  taken  to  the  tahuna,  or  coffee  mill, 


128 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF  .PORTO    KICO,    1S99. 


which  is  made  of  very  hard  wood,  in  the  shape  of  a  double  circle, 
within  which  one  or  two  wheels  run  at  high  speed;  the  wheels  are  also 
constructed  of  the  heaviest  wood  and  generally  covered  with  a  sheet 
of  white  metal.  The  pressure  of  the^wheel  over  the  beans  removes  the 
shell.  To  every  mill  a  coffee  fan  is  attached,  which  blows  off  the  dust 
as  the  stream  of  beans  comes  out  of  the  mill.  The  produce  is  again 
placed  in  the  mill  for  the  last  stage  of  the  process,  the  polishing  of 
the  bean.  This  is  obtained  by  friction  of  the  beans  against  each  other, 
and  of  all  against  the  revolving  wheel. 

"'When  the  coffee  is  intended  for  shipment  to  the  Mediterranean 
ports,  then  some  chemical  is  added  which  imparts  to  the  bean  a  beau- 
tiful bluish  tint.  Common  blueing  is  mostly  used  for  the  purpose. 

SORTING. 

"Then  the  produce  is  ready  for  the  market  if  a  general  good  quality 
is  required,  but  in  some  plantations  the  process  is  not  completed  before 
ttye  beans  are  passed  through  a  mechanical  device  called  separ«d»r<t. 
It  is  a  large  wire  cylinder  through  which  the  beans  run  full  length, 
and  natural!}'  fall,  according  to  size,  into  so  many  departments.  To 
produce  what  is  called  in  the  market  'picked  plantation,'  the  picking 
is  done  by  hand  by  expert  women,  bean  by  bean.  Two  hundred 
pounds  a  day  is  the  average  work  of  an  expert  trilladora;  30  cents. 
Porto  Rico,  are  paid  for  every  100  pounds. 

COST   AND   SHIPMENT. 

•  "The  total  cost  of  a  hundredweight  of  coffee  ready  for  market, 
including  expenses  for  cultivation,  is  from  $10  to  $12  Porto  Rican 
money,  equal  to  $6  to  $7.20  United  States  currency.  The  produce  is 
shipped  in  bags,  containing  each  from  85  to  100  kilograms." 

On  June  8,  1768,  the  King  issued  a  royal  cedula  giving  to  Porto  Rico 
a  project  for  the  cultivation  of  coffee  and  relieving  or  exempting  the 
growers  from  the  payment  of  any  taxes  or  charges  for  a  period  of  five 
years.  In  1770  the  island  produced  29,121  arrobas1  of  coffee,  and, 
according  to  the  report  of  Governor  O'Reylly,  in  1776  the  production 
amounted  to  4.~>.<>4!>  nrfohux  of  coffee.  Since  then  the  production, 
according  to  Senor  Coll  y  Toste,  civil  secretary  of  Porto  Rico,  has 
as  follows,  viz: 


Year. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

1  s.yi                                                                                      

11,783,684 

Pesos. 
707  021  04 

i860                           

15,924,524 

955,471.44 

1870                                                   

17,416,762 

1,045  005.70 

1SJ<0                                       

48,032,2% 

3,077,304.00 

1890                                                        

43,822,794 

5,577,166  56 

1897                                      

51,710,997 

12,222,599.48 

1  Ail  arr<>k.i  is  -'•>  pounds  English. 


CULTIVATION    OF    SUGAK    CANE.  129 

The  crop  of  1898,  which  promised  to  be  very  large,  was  practically 
destroyed  by  the  hurricane  of  August  8. 

The  quality  of  the  Porto  Rican  coffee  is  excellent,  and  the  principal 
markets  have  been  Cuba  and  Spain,  but  very  little  having  been 
imported  into  the  United  States,  where  it  is  not  well  known.  Under 
favorable  conditions  the  coffee  crop  of  Porto  Rico  is  easily  worth  from 
$6,000,000  to  $10,000,000. 

SUGAR. 

Report  of  Sefior  RICARDO  HERNANDEZ. 

"'The  sugar  cane  was  introduced  into  the  island  of  Cuba  in  1548,  and 
was  sown  on  the  banks  of  the  Toa  River,  where  a  plantation  was  estab- 
lished with  hydraulic  apparatus.  The  sugar  cane  is  a  perennial  plant, 
whose  maturity  is  retarded  in  proportion  to  its  approximation  to  the 
extreme  limits  of  its  geographic  area;  in  the  tropical  region  it  may 
reach  maturity  in  one  year,  but  circumstances  of  an  economic  char- 
acter in  its  cultivation  generally  retard  it  from  12  to  20  months;  out- 
side of  the  Tropics,  where  winter  is  felt,  cane  suspends  its  vegetation 
temporarily  and  takes  two  years  or  more  to  reach  maturity. 

';The  root  of  the  cane  is  fibrous,  rough,  crinated.  and  entwines  the 
joint  which  contains  the  germinal  point  of  the  stem;  the  thickness  is 
from  1  to  5  millimeters,  and  the  length  from  50  to  80  centimeters, 
the  number  of  roots  varying  with  the  age  of  the  plant  and  the  character 
of  the  ground;  they  sink  to  a  depth  of  from  20  to  50  centimeters. 

' '  Every  cane  stalk  with  a  germinal  point  which  is  planted  produces 
first  a  shoot  with  the  roots  corresponding  to  the  joint  from  which  the 
sprouts  spring;  these  sprouts  produce  afterwards  others  which  throw 
out  roots  at  their  respective  joints  in  such  manner  that  the  root  of  the 
cane  becomes  a  stalk  or  bunch  composed  of  the  collection  of  threads 
attached  to  the  canes  which  have  grown. 

"After  the  stalk  has  been  dug  up,  and  the  canes  have  been  separated 
with  their  respective  roots,  and  planted  separately,  they  grow  and 
thrive  in  the  same  manner  as  if  they  had  been  joined  to  the  mother 
bunch. 

"  Sugar  cane  has  such  a  propensity  for  throwing  out  roots  that  it  even 
issues  them  at  the  joints  around  which  dry  leaves  are  wrapped. 

"The  stalk  is  a  solid  cane  containing  a  longitudinal  vascular  pith,  or 
tissue,  straight  and  smooth,  the  epidermis  of  which  in  some  varieties 
it  covered  with  a  species  of  varnish  or  cereous  matter  called  cerosin. 
The  color  varies  from  a  yellowish  white  to  a  deep  yellow,  and  from  a 
wine  red  to  violet,  there  being  some  varieties  which  are  striped  with 
violet  and  yellow. 

"It  reaches  a  height  of  3  to  -i  meters,  and  a  diameter  of  -i  centimeters 
on  an  average,  but  there  are  some  specimens  of  twice  this  thickness, 
and  also  one-half  of  the  dimensions  indicated,  depending  principally  on 
the  ground  in  which  the  plant  thrives. 
8490—00 9 


130  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

"The  stalk  is  apparently  divided  by  annular  depressions,  situated  at  a 
distance  of  5  to  20  centimeters  from  each  other  according  to  the  ground, 
which  are  called  the  joints,  being  formed  by  crossed  ramifications  of  the 
vascular  longitudinal  pith  which  forms  the  interior  matter  of  the  stalk. 

"Every  joint  is  provided  with  a  fertile  bud  which  has  such  vitality 
that  its  contact  with  damp  air  is  sufficient  for  it  to  sprout,  and  after- 
wards 10,  20  to  60,  or  more  canes  grow  from  this  single  bud  consti- 
tuting the  stalk  or  bunch." 

SUITABLE    CLIMATE. 

"The  geographical  area  of  the  sugar  cane  is  bounded  on  the  north  by 
a  line  which,  starting  from  the  center  of  the  state  of  Louisiana  in  the 
United  States  toward  the  thirty-fifth  degree  of  latitude,  continues 
along  the  coast  of  Andalusia,  thence  to  the  coast  of  Greece,  crossing 
southern  Asia  and  continuing  as  high  as  Pekin,  being  lost  finally  in 
the  East;  and  is  bounded  on  the  south  by  the  heights  of  Brazil,  includ- 
ing all  of  Africa,  and  continuing  to  Oceanica,  touching  the  north  coast 
of  Australia. 

"In  such  a  zone,  which  includes  the  most  important  islands  of  the 
planet,  and  the  most  varied  climates,  it  may  be  understood  that  the 
sugar  cane  is  obliged  to  suffer  meteorological  accidents  and  phenomena 
very  distinct  and  varied.  The  most  essential  factor  in  the  life  of  the 
cane  is  heat,  and  in  proportion  to  the  fall  of  the  thermometer  in  the 
temperate  zones  the  period  of  vegetation  is  lengthened,  or,  what  is  the 
same,  maturity  is  retarded,  it  being  possible  to  make  the  following 
scale: 

"In  countries  the  average  temperature  of  which  is  15  degrees  centi- 
grade in  the  sun,  it  takes  the  sugar  cane  twenty-four  months  to  reach 
maturity;  in  countries  where  said  temperature  is  19  degrees  in  the  sun, 
sixteen  months;  23  degrees,  fourteen  months;  25  degrees,  twelve 
months. 

"When  the  average  temperature  is  more  than  25  degrees,  as  is  the 
case  in  Porto  Rico,  then  it  is  possible  for  the  cane  to  reach  maturity 
in  from  nine  to  ten  months,  provided  there  is  sufficient  humidity  and 
it  is  planted  in  a  fertile  soil.  In  climates  having  a  low  temperature, 
where  frosts  occur,  especially  in  the  springtime,  the  production  of 
cane  is  not  very  remunerative,  as  it  generally  freezes;  such  is  the  case 
in  Spain  when  it  is  attempted  to  cultivate  sugar  cane  beyond  the  zone 
which  we  indicated  in  mentioning  its  geographical  area. 

"At  altitudes  of  more  than  2,500  meters  sugar  cane  is  not  produced 
well,  the  fall  of  temperature  being  fatal." 

SUITABLE    SOIL. 

"There  are  two  circumstances  which  determine  the  value  of  lands 
for  sugar  cane:  Their  situation  and  their  composition. 


CULTIVATION    OF   SUGAR   CANE.  131 

"  Rough  lands,  which  are  worked  with  difficulty  and  which  are  drained 
by  evaporation  and  filtration  with  rapidity,  are  not  good  for  this 
character  of  cultivation;  and  lands  situated  in  ravines,  without  any 
drainage,  which  become  flooded  frequently,  are  also  bad  for  cane. 

''On  the  other  hand,  plain  coast  lands,  cleared,  which  receive  rains  or 
irrigation  and  retain  humidity  some  time  without  becoming  swamped, 
are  good  for  this  plant;  these  lands  not  situated  high  above  the  level 
of  the  sea,  near  the  coasts,  which  are  flooded  by  large  rivers  in  extra- 
ordinary freshets,  but  which  on  account  of  their  natural  location  and 
great  depth  are  quickly  drained,  receive  the  name  of  tierras  de  vega, 
and  are  those  used  for  the  cultivation  of  sugar  cane  everywhere. 
These  lands  in  general  are  alluvial  lands  and  are  very  rich  in  fertilizing 
elements. 

"  Far  from  the  coasts,  in  the  interior  of  many  countries  and  ataltitudes 
of  2,500  meters  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  there  are  valleys,  plains,  and 
plateaus,  which  also  have  some  merits  for  the  cultivation  of  sugar  cane, 
such  as  the  tierras  de  vega,  or  meadow  lands,  which  are  considered  the 
best,  the  reason  being  that  the  lands  of  the  tables  and  valleys  are 
formed  by  transportation  and  carriage. 

"The  physical  composition  of  the  cane  lands  is  very  variable;  but 
in  alluvial  lands  it  is  produced  very  well,  because  being  relatively  a 
surface  plant  it  does  not  sink  to  a  great  depth,  and  therefore  in  other 
lands  it  would  not  secure  sufficient  space  and  material,  which  is  only 
obtained  in  nutritious  or  very  well  cultivated  lands." 

TIME    OF   SOWING. 

"In  the  tropical  zone,  where  the  temperature  is  nearty  constant  dur- 
ing the  entire  year,  the  seeds  and  stalks  of  the  plant  may  be  placed  in 
the  earth  at  an}r  season,  with  the  assurance  that  in  a  few  days  they  will 
sprout  in  order  to  fulfill  the  laws  of  their  destiny  in  nature.  They  will 
mature  and  die,  leaving  at  the  foot  numerous  ratoons. 

•  This  is  the  physiological  life  of  the  plants  which  is  assisted  by  nature, 
giving  them  every  year  greater  support  for  their  existence,  and  thus 
we  see  the  luxurious  and  exuberant  vegetation  of  the  plants  which 
are  left  to  themselves;  but  this  spontaneous  development  of  vegetation 
is  modified  by  submitting  it  to  rules  somewhat  fixed  when  cultivation 
is  in  question;  when  the  plants  are  to  fulfill  economic  functions,  then 
their  entire  life  is  subjected  to  the  satisfaction  of  our  requirements; 
they  are  planted  when  it  is  convenient,  and  they  are  torn  up  when 
their  fruit  is  in  sufficient  quantity  and  of  the  quality  desired  for  the 
market. 

''  This  is  one  of  the  reasons  why  it  is  not  immaterial,  in  tropical  vege- 
tation, when  the  plantings  are  made;  these  being  annual  plants  they 
must,  like  rice,  pass  through  periods  of  heavy  rains  in  the  same  way 
as  tobacco  has  to  have  a  diy  season,  and  corn  a  happy  medium,  etc. 


132  REPORT   ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

It  is  clear  that  in  regions  of  an  irregular  climate,  and  among  cultivators 
who  do  not  observe  these  laws  of  the  plants,  the  siuve>s  of  the  crops 
is  questionable. 

"In  so  far  as  the  planting  of  sugar  cane  is  concerned,  let  us  give  it  a 
full  study,  discussing  the  nature  of  the  plant,  the  character  of  the 
climate,  the  practices  observed  in  different  countries,  and  the  recip- 
rocal relations  between  these  elements,  in  order  to  deduce  the  laws 
which  may  serve  as  a  guide  to  the  farmers  for  the  purpose  of  fixing 
the  season  for  planting  their  cane. 

"  Being  protected  by  the  good  climate,  it  appears  that  among  the  cul- 
tivators of  sugar  cane,  in  Porto  Rico  as  in  other  countries,  there  i- 
no  fixed  season  for  making  the  plantings,  although  in  all  parts  there 
is  a  preferred  period  which  practice  has  shown  in  each  locality  to  be 
the  best,  submitting  them  thus  by  conviction  to  the  law  of  relation 
between  the  character  of  the  climate  and  the  economic  mission  of  the 
plant. 

"  We  state  below  what  seasons  are  observed  for  the  plantings  of 
sugar  cane  in  Porto  Rico: 

"Large  cultivations. — Second  half  of  September,  and  all  of  Octo- 
ber, November,  and  December;  first  half  of  January.  It  is  cut  down 
in  from  14  to  18  months. 

"Smaller  cultivations. — Second  half  of  January,  all  of  February  and 
March,  first  half  of  April,  being  cut  down  in  from  12  to  14  months. 

"Spring. — Second  half  of  April,  May,  first  half  of  June;  12  months. 

"Late  spring. — First  half  of  June,  and  all  of  July  and  August,  first 
half  of  September;  from  12  to  20  months. 

"  In  Porto  Rico  the  general  planting  is  that  of  large  cultivation,  but 
some  farmers,  either  because  they  have  hopes  of  the  other  plantings, 
because  they  have  lands  which  are  worked  and  irrigated,  or  because 
they  have  more  than  time  and  people  enough,  plant  also  the  small  cul- 
tivation and  spring  cultivation;  on  the  other  hand  the  late  spring 
cultivation  is  hardly  used  by  anyone." 

REPRODUCTION   OF   SUGAR   CANE. 

"The  sugar  cane  is  not  reproduced  by  seeds.  Its  flowers  are  sterile, 
and  whatever  may  be  the  cause,  we  know  that  all  attempts  made  to 
secure  the  fecundity  of  the  flowers  have  been  in  vain,  and  the  experi- 
ments we  have  personally  made  for  the  same  purpose  have  had  the 
same  negative  results. 

"There  is  no  way  of  avoiding  it.  We  are  obliged  to  deprive  our- 
selves of  the  advantages  we  would  secure  if  fertile  seeds  could  be 
obtained. 

"Sugar  cane  not  having  a  natural  reproduction,  artificial  propaga- 
tion must  be  used  in  its  cultivation,  by  means  of  the  germinating 
points  located  in  even"  joint. 


CULTIVATION    OF    SUGAR    CANE.  133 

"The  cane  is  cut  into  various  stalks  of  20  to  40  centimeters  in 
length,  having  1,  2,  3,  or  more  germs.  All  the  germs  contained  in 
the  body  of  the  cane  may  also  be  used  for  propagation,  although  in 
cultivation  those  situated  at  the  base  are  thrown  out.  Near  the  joint 
of  each  one  there  grows  a  shoot,  which  is  an  exact  reproduction  or 
continuation  of  the  mother  plant.  All  the  germs  have  a  similar  virtue 
and  faculty  and  the  same  power  to  germinate.  In  the  cane  region  the 
date  of  the  opening  of  the  germs  varies;  in  fact,  the  entire  body  of 
the  cane  does  not  complete  its  development  or  reach  its  maturity  at 
the  same  time  in  the  same  degree,  and  neither  have  all  the  germs  been 
able  to  complete  their  development  at  the  same  time.  Sugar  cane, 
when  it  has  reached  maturity — that  is,  when  it  has  arrived  at  the  time 
for  cutting — may  be  divided  into  two  regions  of  different  degrees  of 
maturity  and  saccharine  richness,  the  stem  and  the  cane  top,  the  latter 
being  formed  by  the  last  three  or  four  joints  of  the  point  of  the  same." 

PREPARATION   OF   THE   GROUND. 

"We  will  not  speak  of  virgin  lands  which  require  clearing,  nor  of 
those  which  require  drainage,  or  which  have  never  been  subjected  to 
cultivation  and  require  careful  preparation  for  their  cultivation,  which 
special  information  is  included  in  treatises  on  general  agriculture. 

"The  preparation  of  the  lands  which  interest  us  is  that  of  the  special 
lands  for  sugar  cane,  which  takes  place  every  time  a  planting  is  made 
or  the  cane  field  is  renewed. 

"As  the  lands  devoted  to  sugar  cane  cultivation  are  generally  plains, 
low  and  near  the  coast,  etc.,  and  are  generally  moist  and  frequently 
flooded  by  the  freshets  of  rivers,  or  irrigated  by  the  rains,  without  the 
waters  having  a  natural  and  rapid  outlet,  they  require  special  drainage 
work,  which  constitutes  the  technical  part  of  the  preparation  of  these 
lands. 

' '  If  the  lands  are  high  and  sloping,  their  preparation  is  much  simpler, 
as  they  do  not  require  draining. 

••  Xo  matter  what  may  be  the  land  to  be  prepared,  if  it  has  been 
abandoned  for  some  time  to  spontaneous  vegetation,  the  first  work  to 
be  done  is  to  cut  down  to  the  level  of  the  ground  with  the  machete  all 
plants  and  weeds  in  the  way  of  the  plow.  These  plants,  which  are  some- 
times heavy  and  abundant  in  view  of  the  exuberant  vegetation  of 
the  country  where  sweet  sugar  cane  grows,  are  gathered  at  several 
points  on  the  ground,  and  when  dry  are  burned,  the  ashes  being  scat- 
tered over  the  same. 

"After  the  ground  has  been  thus  cleaned,  it  is  divided  by  means 
of  marks  and  pickets  into  square  patches,  which,  when  permitted  by 
the  topography  and  nature  of  the  ground,  must  have  an  area  of  100 
square  meters.  These  patches  are  separated  from  each  other  by  means 


134  KEPOBT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    POETO    EICO,    1899. 

of  roads  4  meters  wide,  for  the  use  of  the  wagons  and  other  service 
of  the  plantation. 

"After  the  patches  have  been  marked  off,  the  ground  is  plowed  over, 
where  this  can  be  done,  to  a  depth  permitted  by  the  character  of  the 
ground;  sometimes  in  very  deep  and  loose  ground,  such  as  good 
meadow  lands,  a  board  plow  is  used  of  a  large  size,  drawn  by  three  yoke 
of  oxen,  which  plows  to  a  depth  of  60  centimeters;  at  other  times 
the  ground  only  allows  the  use  of  a  small  plow  which  penetrates  to  a 
depth  of  20  centimeters;  a  hard  subsoil  renders  the  work  more 
difficult. 

"This  first  plowing  is  for  the  purpose  of  breaking  the  ground,  and 
does  not  penetrate  to  a  great  depth,  the  hardness  of  the  ground  mak- 
ing it  inadvisable. 

"After  fifteen  or  twenty  days  have  passed,  if  the  weather  does  not 
prevent  it,  the  ground  is  plowed  for  the  second  time  to  the  same  or  to 
a  greater  depth  than  the  first,  and  crossing  it  at  right  angles;  and 
after  another  similar  period,  a  third  plowing  takes  place,  the  furrows 
being  in  an  oblique  direction  to  the  last  two,  in  order  that  the  plow 
shall  not  pass  twice  through  the  same  furrow. 

"After each  plowing  it  is  advisable  to  make  use  of  an  iron  harrow. 

"  After  the  land  has  been  cleaned,  marked  off,  and  plowed,  the  fur- 
rowing is  begun,  for  which  purpose,  with  a  double  plow  and  following 
the  direction  most  convenient  within  the  fields,  furrows  are  made  as 
deep  as  possible,  parallel  and  at  a  distance  of  3  meters  from  each 
other.  If  an  ordinary  plow  is  used,  it  will  be  necessary  to  go  over 
the  furrow  twice  in  order  that  a  pile  of  earth  may  be  thrown  to  each 
side. 

"The  purpose  of  these  furrows  is  to  drain  the  plantation.  After- 
wards the  laborers  eriter  with  rakes  in  order  to  prepare  the  banks,  flat- 
tening out  the  ground  taken  from  the  furrows  and  even  taking  more 
from  the  same,  thus  placing  the  ground  between  the  furrows  higher 
and  forming  a  bank  on  which  planting  is  afterwards  done  in  straight 
rows.  The  space  between  two  lines  of  canes  is  called  a  street. 

"After  the  furrows  and  banks  have  been  made,  ditches  are  dug  for 
the  drainage  of  the  land;  these  are  larger  than  the  furrows,  the  waters 
of  which  they  receive,  and  are  cut  following  the  slope  of  the  land. 

"In  general,  this  is  sufficient;  but  there  are  cases  where  it  is  advis- 
able to  make  larger  furrows,  the  final  receivers  of  the  water  from  the 
furrows,  and  from  the  ditches. 

"It  will  be  understood  that  after  the  land  has  been  prepared,  and  in 
i iiiu-king  it  off  into  lots,  the  direction  of  the  furrows,  ditches,  etc., 
must  be  very  carefully  considered. 

"On  high  land,  hilly,  sloping,  dry  land,  and  on  land  where  excessive 
moisture  is  not  to  be  had,  the  work  is  simplified,  the  preparation  being 
reduced  to  the  clearing  and  plowing  necessary,  which  do  not  require 


CULTIVATION  OF  SUGAR  CANE.  135 

the  special  and  difficult  work  of  drainage.  When  land  subject  to  irri- 
gation is  in  question,  the  preparation  is  the  ordinary  and  current  one 
for  all  kinds  of  plantations.  The  topography  of  the  land  will  show 
the  s\Tsteru  to  be  adopted,  and  the  canals  and  irrigating  ditches  which 
go  around  the  high  portions  of  the  land,  by  means  of  locks  or  other 
means,  give  the  water  to  the  cane,  the  planting  of  which  may  take 
up  different  forms. 

"  Sometimes  it  becomes  necessary  to  harmonize  the  drainage  and 
irrigation  of  the  plantation,  which  is  very  easily  done  by  means  of  fur- 
rows, which  conduct  the  water  during  the  irrigation  to  the  other  furrows 
and  ditches  or  banks. 

"  The  vegetation  of  sweet  cane  is  so  exuberant  that  it  is  sufficient  to 
throw  upon  the  ground  a  stalk  containing  knots  having  sufficient  eyes 
or  buds,  for  it  to  grow  and  produce  as  good  a  cane  as  the  richness  of  the 
ground  will  permit.  It  will  be  understood  that  there  is  an  infinite 
variety  of  ways  of  planting  the  cane,  from  simply  throwing  it  upon  the 
ground  or  adopting  the  latest  methods  suggested  by  science. 

ki  We  show  below  the  most  ordinary  and  usual  manner  of  planting  the 
sugar  cane  in  Porto  Rico. 

••  Sj/iiilf  planting. — Is  adopted  when  the  land  is  hard  to  work,  or  wnen 
it  is  sandy  or  compact,  or  when  the  soil  is  very  deep,  and  when  replant- 
ings  are  made,  and  on  dry,  cleared  land. 

^  Holes  or  pits. — On  ground  having  a  deep  soil,  no  irrigation,  where 
the  planting  is  to  last  several  years,  and  where  there  are  sufficient 
laborers. 

"On  l><i/tks. — On  land  having  a  shallow  soil,  with  much  moisture, 
no  drainage:  on  plantations  on  a  small  scale,  and  where  a  sufficient 
number  of  workmen  can  be  procured. 

"  I  will  state  here  what  each  kind  of  planting  of  sugar  cane  consists 
of. 

SPADE    PLANTING. 

u  This  planting  requires  a  small  removal  of  earth  and  consists  in  dig- 
ging rectangular  holes  of  more  or  less  depth,  according  to  the  moisture 
and  thickness  of  the  vegetable  coat. 

"  The  holes  are  dug  in  straight  lines  and  at  equal  distances  from  each 
other;  in  each  hole  two,  three,  or  even  four  stalks  are  placed,  which 
are  laid  at  the  bottom  of  the  hole,  or  against  one  of  the  sides  thereof, 
in  an  almost  vertical  position  for  the  purpose  of  throwing  off  the 
humidity  and  for  protection  against  the  ravages  of  insects.  The 
stalks  are  covered  with  a  coat  of  earth  of  1  inch  thickness." 

PLANTING    IN    HOLES  OR   PITS. 

"After  tne  ground  has  been  cleared  and  prepared  with  the  furrows 
and  ditches  necessary,  the  places  for  the  holes  are  indicated  by  means 
of  pegs,  and  the  laborers,  with  spades,  each  take  one  line,  digging  holes 


136  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

which  are  general^  square  and  of  a  depth  varying  between  15  and  30 
centimeters,  the  greater  depth  being  given  to  dry  land  or  to  land  swept 
by  winds.  The  workmen  in  digging  the  holes  place  the  earth  dug  up 
at  their  feet  near  the  edge  of  the  hole,  thus  making  small  hills  of  from 
35  to  40  centimeters  in  height.  Sometimes  this  earth  is  thrown  off  to 
the  right  of  the  holes,  making  a  continuous  hill  in  the  center  of  the 
street  remaining  between  the  holes.  These  hills  receive  the  name  of 
banks,  which  are  very  different,  however,  from  those  made  between 
furrows  and  on  which  planting  is  done. 

"In  each  hole  between  two  and  four  cuttings  are  placed.  The  latter 
number  in  general  is  too  high  and  is  only  used  when,  on  account  of  the 
bad  character  of  the  cane  which  can  be  procured  and  the  poverty  of 
the  ground,  the  ravages  of  insects  are  feared,  or  other  causes  which 
might  destroy  the  shoots,  by  which  the  expense  of  replanting  is  avoided. 

"The  cane  stalks  placed  in  the  holes  may  be  placed  in  different  posi- 
tions; they  may  be  laid  down  on  the  bottom  or  on  the  sides  of  the 
holes.  In  the  first  case  they  may  be  placed  parallel  to  each  other  and 
at  equal  distances,  or  some  parallel  and  others  crossing  the  same,  or 
leaning  against  the  corners  of  the  hole  and  allowing  them  to  meet  in 
the  center  of  the  bottom,  or  crossing  the  corners  and  leaving  an  open 
space  in  the  bottom,  etc.  In  the  second  case  all  the  stalks  are  placed 
against  the  same  side,  or  half  on  one  side  and  half  on  the  other,  or, 
finally,  one  on  each  side. 

"  Before  placing  the  stalks  in  the  hole,  it  is  customary  to  throw  some 
loose  earth  at  the  bottom  to  serve  as  a  bed.  After  the  stalks  have  been 
placed  in  position,  they  are  covered  with  earth,  taken  from  the  hills 
adjacent  thereto,  but  not  more  than  1  inch  in  thickness. 

"This  is  the  general  character  of  the  planting  done  in  Porto  Rico, 
where  the  land  is  prepared  in  an  excellent  manner;  but  as  it  is  never 
fertilized  nor  irrigated,  the  returns  are  very  meager." 

PLANTING   ON   BANKS. 

"This  kind  of  planting  is  convenient  or  advisable  in  the  cast's  we  have 
mentioned  in  the  classification  above,  and  consists  in  laying  off  the 
ground  and  raising  banks  over  the  ordinary  level  of  the  ground, 
taking  ground  from  the  furrows  which  are  to  separate  the  same.  The 
planting  is  made  on  these  banks,  according  to  the  rules  mentioned,  in 
such  manner  that  each  bank  does  not  contain  more  than  two  lines  of 
canes. 

uThe  manner  of  preparing  the  land  is  the  same  as  we  have  mentioned 
in  speaking  of  the  preparation  thereof,  and  is  adopted  in  many  plan- 
tations on  a  small  scale,  as  when  the  cane  is  to  be  sold  in  towns  for 
chewing  or  for  the  purpose  of  making  beverages. 

"Afterwards  the  cane  requires  the  following  care: 


CULTIVATION    OF   SUGAR    CANE.  137 

REPLANTING. 

"Not  all  the  stalks  having  germs  which  are  placed  in  the  ground  give 
good  results,  sometimes  on  account  of  a  mistake  in  the  character  of  the 
planting  adopted,  or  on  account  of  the  bad  condition  of  the  shoots,  or 
of  lack  of  humidity  in  the  ground,  which  paralyzes  the  progress  of  the 
growth,  or  sometimes  on  account  of  an  excessive  degree  of  moisture 
which  causes  the  roots  to  rot,  and  finalty  by  reason  of  other  accidents, 
such  as  the  ravages  of  animals,  insects,  etc.,  to  such  an  extent  that 
there  often  remain  in  the  plantation  empty  spaces  without  any  cane 
whatsoever. 

"Whatever  be  the  number  of  stalks  or  shoots  lost,  replanting  is 
necessary;  to  what  extent  may  be  seen  after  the  planting  begins  to 
spring  up. 

"The  stalks  used  in  the  replanting  are  to  be  of  proper  condition  and 
have  the  germs  perfectly  developed,  in  order  that  they  may  soon 
germinate  and  reach  the  height  of  the  preceding  cane.  Should  there 
be  a  great  difference  between  the  development  of  one  and  the  other, 
when  the  cutting  period  arrives,  the  cane  will  have  a  different  state  of 
maturity,  reducing  the  degree  of  sugar. 

"For  replanting,  the  spade  system  is  generally  used.  Sometimes, 
but  not  very  often,  new  holes  have  to  be  dug  and  the  disposition  of 
the  ground  changed,  which  will  give  rise  to  new  expenses. " 

WEEDING. 

"This  operation  consists  in  tearing  out  of  the  ground  the  weeds 
which  grow  in  the  plantation. 

"In  cane  countries  spontaneous  vegetation  is  excessive  to  such  an 
extent  that  it  constitutes  the  principal  enemy  of  all  cultivation,  and  if 
it  is  not  frequently  and  tenaciously  combatted,  no  cultivation  of  any 
kind  would  be  possible  in  these  countries. 

"Generally  one  month  after  the  cane  has  sprung  up  the  first  weeding 
must  be  done,  which  is  done  with  a  hoe  or  spade,  tearing  up  by  the 
roots  the  weeds  which  exist  between  the  lines  or  in  the  streets,  and 
with  the  hands  those  growing  between  the  cane.  The  first  weeding  is 
sometimes  confined  to  this  only,  when  there  is  not  a  sufficient  personnel, 
or  when  other  work  is  to  be  done  on  the  plantation. 

"The  weeds  torn  up  by  their  roots  are  gathered  together,  and  after 
the  earth  has  been  shaken  from  them  they  are  placed  on  the  hills  of 
earth  for  the  purpose  of  rotting  and  fertilizing  the  ground,  or  to  serve 
as  a  bed  for  the  cane  when  it  develops  and  falls. 

"The  weeding  must  be  repeated  at  frequent  intervals  until  the  cane, 
when  about  five  or  six  months  old,  has  grown  to  a  sufficient  height  to 
cross  and  for  its  foliage  to  cast  a  shadow  on  the  ground,  after  which 
hardly  any  weeds  grow  and  injure  the  cane. 


138  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 

"The  number  of  weedings  during  this  period  must  not  be  less  than 
two  or  more  than  five,  depending  on  the  fecundity  of  the  ground,  the 
character  of  the  climate,  the  previous  condition  of  the  land,  the  pre- 
paratory labors,  and  even  the  kind  of  fertilizer  used. 

"Thus  the  rules  for  weeding  are  reduced  to  the  following: 

"  1.  To  extirpate  the  roots  of  weeds  with  a  hoe  or  by  hand,  taking 
care  not  to  injure  the  roots  of  the  cane. 

"2.  To  deposit  the  weeds  uprooted  on  the  edges,  hills,  or  bunks,  where 
they  are  not  in  the  way  and  where  they  can  serve  as  a  bed  for  the  cane. 

"3.  To  repeat  the  operation  whenever  there  is  an  abundance  of  weeds 
covering  the  soil,  or  which  injure  the  plantings." 

HILLING. 

"This  is  the  operation  of  covering  the  foot  of  the  plants  with  earth. 

"  The  sugar  cane,  the  same  as  corn,  tobacco,  and  many  other  plants  of 
active  vegetation,  has  the  faculty  of  throwing  out  visible  roots  at  the 
level  of  the  ground.  They  appear  to  rise  from  the  ground,  tind  if  they 
were  not  protected  by  cultivation  their  economical  rendition  would 
suffer  to  a  high  degree. 

"According  to  the  class  and  form  of  planting  adopted,  the  hilling  is 
done  before  or  after  the  same.  In  plantings  with  buds  in  the  air  the 
hilling  must  be  done  within  thirty  days  after  the  shoots  have  sprung 
up;  in  deeper  plantings  it  is  done  at  a  later  period. 

"This  operation  is  done  from  one  to  three  times,  according  to  circum- 
stances, because  if  the  lack  of  earth  at  the  foot  of  the  cane  is  great,  an 
excess  thereof  is  injurious.  Its  object  is  to  give  a  greater  basis  to  the 
plant  from  which  to  derive  nutrition;  it  favors  the  development  of  the 
shoots  and  prepares  the  bunch  for  the  subsequent  crops. 

"This  explains  the  necessity  of  hilling,  which  should  not  be  very  great. 
as  several  coats  of  earth  would  prevent  the  germs  of  the  shoots  at  a 
certain  depth  from  germinating  on  account  of  a  lack  of  air  or  of  energy 
to  surmount  the  obstacle,  thus  endangering  the  subsequent  crops. 

*" Therefore  a  little  hilling  is  necessary  and  sufficient;  too  much  is 
expensive  and  injurious  for  the  future  life  of  the  cane  tield." 

BREAKING  OFF  SUCKERS  OR  SHOOTS. 

"Cane  planted  under  normal  conditions  is  all  the  time  producing 
shoots,  and  if  this  were  permitted  it  is  understood  that  when  the  cut- 
ting period  arrives  there  would  be  cane  of  all  kinds  in  the  plantation, 
some  ripe  and  others  half  ripe,  and  it  would  require  a  considerable 
expense  to  separate  it.  If  not  separated  they  would  go  together  to  the 
mill,  and  while  the  ripe  cane  would  give  a  sirup  heavily  charged  with 
sugar,  the  green  cane  would  give  it  charged  with  glucose,  thus  giving 
together  a  sirup  having  a  reduced  amount  of  sugar,  requiring  more  com- 
bustion to  secure  evaporation,  and  rendering  less  sugar. 


SUGAR    MILL  IN    MANATI. 


CULTIVATION    OF    SUGAR    CANE.  139 

"Therefore,  when  the  third  or  fourth  weeding  takes  place,  the  shoots 
which  have  not  reached  the  proper  stage  are  torn  out,  especially  those 
which  it  is  known  will  not  reach  a  mature  state  at  the  time  for  cutting, 
and  which  if  left  would  deprive  the  principal  plants  of  nutritious 
elements.  This  operation  is  done  by  hand,  and  a  slight  effort  upward 
is  sufficient  to  remove  them." 

STRIPPING   OFF   LEAVES. 

''As  the  sugar  cane  grows  and  approaches  maturity,  its  internodes 
develop  in  proportion,  reaching  such  a  stage  that  they  shed  the  pro- 
tecting leaves  that  envelop  them. 

"The  spontaneous  shedding  of  leaves  begins  on  the  lowest  internode, 
and  continues  ascending,  in  proportion  as  the  plant  reaches  maturity, 
until  the  foliage  is  reduced  to  the  cane  top,  which  is  also  shed  after 
blooming,  when  the  plant  dies,  first  in  the  economical  order  and  then 
in  the  physiological. 

"In  stripping  the  leaves  it  may  easily  be  ascertained  when  the  opera- 
tion is  to  take  place.  A  leaf  which  is  still  green  does  not  detach  itself 
easily  and  must  not  be  touched  until  it  is  dry. 

"The  first  stripping  takes  place  after  four  months,  and  from  this  time 
until  the  cutting  the  operation  must  be  repeated  two  or  three  times. 

"The  stripping  must  not  be  made  during  very  warm  weather  and 
intense  sun,  because  it  somewhat  dries  the  tender  portions  of  the  plants. 

".The  stripping,  besides  avoiding  the  injuries  which  we  have  men- 
tioned and  increasing  the  degree  of  sweetness  of  the  juice  of  the  cane, 
has  also  the  object  of  retarding  the  blooming." 

CUTTING   THE    CANE. 

"The  sugarcane  has  a  critical  moment  of  maturity  which  it  is  neces- 
sary to  take  advantage  of  for  cutting.  Maturity  is  reached  when  the 
cane  blooms,  or  ceases  to  grow  and  develop.  At  this  period  the  cane 
contains  the  largest  amount  possible  of  sugar. 

"The  cane,  before  reaching  maturity,  in  its  green  condition,  has  not 
had  time  fully  to  elaborate  its  juices — that  is  to  say,  to  transform  the 
glucose  into  sucrose — and  the  cutting,  therefore,  at  this  stage  would 
be  disastrous,  because  as  much  sugar  would  be  lost  as  there  is  glucose 
in  the  cane,  and  furthermore  rendering  the  operation  of  elaborating 
much  more  difficult. 

' 4  On  the  other  hand,  if  maturity  is  reached — a  long  period  of  time 
should  be  allowed  to  elapse — other  evils  would  originate.  Rains  on  ripe 
cane  make  it  green  again,  as  is  the  case  with  indigo  and  other  indus- 
trial plants.  The  juice  of  the  cane  is  reduced;  the  saccharine  matter 
turns  into  glucose.  In  addition,  the  ripe  cane  has  fulfilled  its  mission, 
and  from  this  moment  it  begins  to  die.  It  leans  over  until  it  touches 
the  ground,  roots  sprouting  from  the  internodes  which  touch  the 


140 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1S99. 


ground,  and  the  respective  germs  develop  shoots,  all  of  them  develop- 
ing at  the  expense  of  the  juice  of  the  cane — that  is,  f  rorn  the  saccharine, 
which  diminishes  and  becomes  transformed  into  glucose  until  it  i> 
exhausted.  On  the  other  hand,  old  cane  becomes  hard,  increasing  the 
cost  of  the  cutting  and  rendering  the  operation  of  grinding  much  more 
difficult.  From  all  this  it  may  be  seen  that  green  cane,  as  well  as  over- 
ripe cane,  can  not  well  be  used  for  industrial  purposes. 

"The  age  of  the  cane  and  the  condition  of  the  weather  determine  the 
time  for  cutting;  when  these  two  factors  do  not  concur  with  each 
other,  the  right  moment  has  not  arrived. 

"Cane  ready  for  cutting  changes  color  and  becomes  lighter;  the 
leaves,  excepting  those  of  the  cane  top,  are  dry,  the  stalk  becomes 
brilliant  or  shiny.  The  characteristic  signs  of  the  cane-  ready  for 
cutting  when  once  seen  can  never  be  mistaken. 

"I  state  below,  according  to  the  analysis  made  by  M.  Deitell  at  the 
agricultural  station  on  Reunion  Island,  the  composition  of  cane  at  the 
different  stages  of  maturity: 


, 
Age  of  cane  in  months. 

Per  cent 
of  crvs- 
tallizable 
sugar. 

Per  cent 
of  not 
i-rvstal- 
lizable 
sugar. 

10  ... 

11.21 

3.01 

13       

12  44 

2  55 

15  

15.15 

1.05 

16  

16.35 

0.36 

17  

20.65 

0.23 

22  

21.03 

0.07 

The  following  statement  of  cost  of  planting  and  caring  for  1  cuerda 
of  sugar  cane  from  date  of  planting  to  time  of  cutting  was  prepared 
by  Senor  Badrena,  supervisor  of  the  department  of  Mayaguez: 

"  When  the  soil  is  sandy  and  loose  it  will  need — 

Plowing  three  times,  cost $7.  50 

Ditching 6. 00 

Holes  for  planting  the  shoots,  2,500  to  every  cuerda 5. 00 

Cost  of  shoots,  7, 500  to  every  cuerda 9. 37 

Planting  the  same 3. 12 

Cleaning  the  ground  from  weeds  four  times  during  the  growth 8. 00 

Clearing  the  plant  from  dry  leaves 2. 00 


Total  cost  of  1  cuerda  : 

Porto  Rican  currency $40. 99 

United  States  currency 24.  59 


1  When  the  soil  is  hard  it  will  need — 

Plowing  four  times,  cost $12. 00 

Making  the  ditches 8.  75 

Making  the  holes 7. 50 

Planting  the  shoots .  13. 12 


CULTIVATION    OF   TOBACCO.  141 

"  When  the  soil  is  hard  it  will  need — 

Cleaning  the  ground  from  weeds $10. 00 

Clearing  the  plant  from  dry  leaves 2. 00 

Total  cost  of  1  cuerda  : 

Porto  Rican  currency 53.  37 

United  States  currency 31. 02 

Cutting  1  cuerda  of  cane  costs  ?>4=$2.40  United  States  currency. 
Average  cost  of  manufacturing  1  hogshead  of  sugar,  10 pesos;  equal  to  $6  United 
States  currency. 

Net  weight  of  1  hogshead  of  sugar  in  shipping  condition  is  1,200  pounds. 
Tare  that  is  usually  deducted  from  gross  weight  of  cask,  12  per  cent. 
Loss  of  weight  during  transportation  to  ports  of  the  United  States  by  steamships, 
6  per  cent;  by  sail,  10  to  12  per  cent. 

Cost  of  putting  1  hogshead  on  board  ship,  25  cents,  Porto  Rico. 
Bonoflcation,  usually  paid  to  planters  for  lighterage  from  the  plantation  to  market, 
$1,  or  $0.  60  United  States  currency,  per  cask." 

According  to  Fray  Inigo  Abbad  and  Col.  George  D.  Flinter,  of  the 
general  staff  of  the  Spanish  army,  and  for  many  years  a  resident  of 
Porto  Rico,  the  production  of  sugar  in  1775  was  273,750  pounds;  in 
1803,  176,341  pounds;  in  1810,  2,544,923  pounds;  in  1828,  12,251,662 
pounds,  and  in  1830,  31,514,388  pounds.  According  to  Senor  Coll  y 
Toste,  the  production  for  and  since  1850  was  as  follows,  viz: 


Year. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

1850... 

Pounds. 
112  129  432 

Pesos. 
3  910  167  38 

1860  

116,  015,  181 

3,480,455  33 

1870  .  . 

191  649  670 

5  749  492  10 

1880  

221,  220,  894 

3,016,948  55 

1890.. 

128  021  904 

3  782  465  50 

1897  

126  827  472 

4  007  992  08 

1899  

1  132,  000,  000 

1  Estimated. 


As  in  Cuba,  the  tendency  is  toward  large  plantations,  with  central 
mills  for  grinding.  Comparatively  few  of  the  sugar  estates  are  pro- 
vided with  steam  vacuum  machinery  for  making  sugar,  and  nearly 
one-half  of  the  cane-grinding  machines  are  worked  by  oxen.  The 
hurricane  of  August  8,  1899,  damaged  the  sugar  mills  considerably, 
and  the  financial  straits  of  the  planters  have  made  it  impossible  to 
restore  the  plants.  Larger  plantations  or  colonias,  unproved  methods 
of  cultivation,  and  central  mills  with  improved  machinery  will  in  time 
no  doubt  add  enormous!}'  to  the  output  of  sugar. 

TOBACCO. 

Report  by  Senor  PLANELLA. 

"It  may  be  said  that  the  cultivation  of  tobacco  prior  to  the  3'ear  1870 
was  limited  in  some  parts  of  this  island  to  small  plantings  for  domestic 
consumption  in  cigarettes,  cigars,  and  fine  cut  tobacco. 


142 

'  *  In  the  year  above  mentioned  exportation  to  Cuba  commenced  and 
tobacco  growing  received  a  groat  stimulus  and  development. 

"The  increase  of  tobacco  factories,  which  demanded  a  constant  supply 
of  leaf  tobacco,  suitable  for  being  worked  into  cigars,  had  a  tendency 
to  increase  the  cultivation  in  those  localities  which  were  adapted  to 
produce  the  most  select  product  for  the  manufacturer. 

"The  establishment  of  new  factories  has  made  the  Porto  Rican  prod- 
uct known  in  the  various  markets  of  Europe  and  America.  The  demand 
and  consumption  stimulate  the  manufacturer  to  a  regular  production 
in  those  factories  which  employ  the  select  stock  raised  in  good  localities. 

"  It  must  be  confessed,  however,  that  up  to  the  present  time  the  cul- 
tivation of  tobacco  has  not  kept  pace  with  the  demand  of  the  manufac- 
turer, who  is  obliged  by  the  demands  of  his  buyers  to  seek  tirst-class 
stock  which  has  the  quality,  flavor,  style,  and  workmanship  desired  by 
the  consumer.  The  cultivation  of  tobacco  has  responded  to  none  of 
these  demands,  because  the  quality  of  the  tobacco  depends  more  on  the 
land  than  the  cultivation,  which  has  not  produced  a  marked  improve- 
ment in  the  product. 

"A  careful  selection  of  seed  has  not  been  made,  and  to  this  fact  is  due 
the  varieties  of  tobacco  cultivated.  The  grower  has  given  his  atten- 
tion to  the  raising  of  plants  that  produce  beautiful  leaves  that  will 
look  well  in  the  market  and  that  have  good  weight,  the  only  qualities 
he  looks  for  in  order  to  obtain  remuneration  for  his  labor.  At  the 
present  time,  however,  the  manufacturer  requires  of  the  tobacco 
grower  a  product  that  will  satisfy  the  demands  of  manufacture  and 
also  the  demand  for  the  product.  This  advancement  in  the  industry 
calls  for  an  advance  in  the  cultivation  which  constitutes  a  specialty, 
and  has  produced  among  tobacco  cultivators  a  real  revolution,  destroy- 
ing known  methods  in  order  to  establish  others  which  will  produce 
qualities  called  for  both  by  taste  and  manufacturing.  It  is  not  suffi- 
cient any  more  that  the  tobacco  should  have  a  good  flavor  and  burn 
well.  It  must  also  have  a  light,  clear  color,  a  fine  aroma,  be  elastic 
both  in  the  leaf  and  intercostal  spaces,  which  must  also  present  a  large 
surface. 

44 The  grower  must  have  as  a  principal  factor  special  land,  rich  in 
salts  of  potash,  on  which  to  grow  the  plant  under  the  proper  condi- 
tions, in  order  that  the  tobacco  may  acquire  the  aroma,  a  certain 
special  flavor,  richness  of  nicotine,  which  should  not  exceed  2  per 
cent,  and  good  burning  qualities;  all  these  being  essentials  looked  for 
by  the  manufacturer  and  demanded  by  the  consumer.  This  is  the 
reason  why  the  regions  recognized  as  producers  of  good  tobacco 
are  so  appreciated.  Cayey,  for  the  quality  of  tobacco  produced,  is  in 
Porto  Rico,  what  Vuelta  Abajo  is  in  Cuba. 

"Several  varieties  of  the  nicotian  plant  are  cultivated  in  the 
country — that  called  Guacharo,  which  is  believed  to  be  a  native  of 


CULTIVATION    OF    TOBACCO.  143 

Venezuela,  the  Virginia  blanca,  the  Corazon  de  Vaca,  the  Cubano, 
and  others.  As  yet  the  selection  of  the  variety  best  suited  for  the  pur- 
poses of  the  manufacturer  has  not  been  made.  He  prefers  a  leaf  with 
color,  elasticity,  large  intercostal  spaces,  and  small  ribs,  which  are  the 
best  for  the  manufacture  of  the  different  kinds  of  cigars  which  the 
consumer  demands — essential  qualities  which  oblige  the  maker  to  seek 
the  locality  productive  of  good  tobacco,  indeed  the  only  selection  that 
is  now  made. 

"The  cultivation  of  tobacco  presents  three  principal  phases:  First, 
the  seed;  second,  the  general  cultivation  in  all  its  details;  third,  the 
cutting  and  curing  of  the  leaf. 

"In  order  to  obtain  good  seed,  as  a  general  rule  forest  land  or  that 
next  to  rivers  is  selected.  When  the  land  is  property  prepared,  the 
seed  is  irrigated  from  the  30th  of  August  until  the  end  of  September, 
special  attention  being  given  to  germination  until  the  plant  is  suffi- 
ciently developed  to  be  transplanted  to  the  field  where  it  is  to  be 
cultivated. 

' '  Some  months  before  the  seed  is  sown  the  land  is  prepared,  the  plow- 
ing being  done  in  the  months  of  June  and  July.  If  the  ground  is  full 
of  weeds,  they  are  turned  under,  so  that  as  they  decay  they  may  serve 
as  a  fertilizer.  In  August  the  ground  is  plowed  again,  and  as  a  final 
preparation  it  is  harrowed  so  as  to  be  kept  loose.  The  months  of 
October,  November,  December,  and  January  are  the  months  in  which 
tobacco  is  sown,  October  being  the  month  in  which  it  is  most  likely  to 
secure  good  results,  because  the  plants  grow  during  the  season  of  light 
showers.  The  hard  rains  of  April  injure  many  leaves. 

"Tobacco  fields  require  careful  cultivation  and  constant  attention  in 
order  to  overcome  the  many  insects  that  attack  the  plant.  The  culti- 
vator must  persecute  them  morning,  noon,  and  night. 

"The  tobacco  grower,  as  the  plant  develops,  separates  the  leaf  from 
the  plant,  which  should  not  be  done  until  said  plant  is  three  months  old. 
The  leaves  are  cut  off  with  the  proper  instrument  in  handfuls.  which 
the  laborer  places  on  his  arm,  in  order  to  deposit  them  with  much 
care  on  wooden  frames,  and  carries  them  to  the  curing  house,  where 
they  HIV  placed  with  the  proper  spaces  between  them. 

"  From  16,000  to  20,000  plants  should  be  set  out  on  each  cuerda 
of  land. 

* '  The  leaves  are  cured  in  houses  covered  in  such  a  manner  that  the 
aii-  does  not  penetrate,  and  never  the  rays  of  the  sun  nor  the  rains. 

"When  the  leaf  is  cured  it  is  taken  from  the  curing  house,  and  after 
cutting  off  a  small  piece  of  the  stem  attached  it  is  put  through  the  first 
'sweat,'  or.  rather,  a  slight  fermentation. 

"When  the  tobacco  is  sorted  the  leaves  are  united  in  bunches  of  15 
or  20,  tied  together  at  the  base,  and  this  bunch  is  known  as  a  manilla. 
These  manittas  are  then  arranged  according  to  classes,  forming  large 


144  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 

piles,  so  that  they  undergo  the  second  fermentation,  which  should  be 
watched  and  brought  to  an  end  at  the  proper  time.  Finally  the 
mcmittas  are  packed  in  yaguas  (palm  bark),  being  in  this  form  ready  to 
be  stored  in  the  warehouses. 

"The  tobacco  leaves  undergo  three  fermentations  or  sweatings  in 
the  months  of  April,  June,  and  August. 

"There  is  much  tobacco  which,  after  undergoing  the  three  fermen- 
tations, loses  its  strength  and  becomes  in  this  manner  of  poor  quality 
for  the  manufacture  of  cigars.  In  Latin  America  this  is  called  tubano. 

"The  manufacturer,  jealous  for  the  reputation  of  his  factory,  always 
keeps  this  fact  in  mind,  and  therefore  it  is  necessary  to  have  a  good 
knowledge  of  the  place  of  production  and  the  importance  which  a  good 
producing  zone  acquires. 

' '  The  tobacco  produced  on  the  coast,  in  forests,  and  other  places,  not 
suited  to  be  made  into  cigars,  is  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  fine 
cut  chewing  tobacco.  This  is  prepared  in  the  following  manner:  A 
given  number  of  leaves  are  twisted  together,  and  to  this  twist  is  added 
another  equal  to  the  former,  and  this  process  is  continued  until  a  cord 
or  rope  some'  80  yards  long  is  produced,  which  is  then  rolled  like 
thread  on  a  spool,  forming  a  roll  a  yard  in  diameter,  covered  with 
banana  leaves. 

"In  order  to  cut  or  thread  the  tobacco,  it  is  moistened  with  salt  water 
or  an  infusion  of  coffee,  for  the  purpose  of  developing  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  nicotine  and  acquiring  greater  strength  when  it  ferments. 
Many  of  these  rolls  are  lost  after  the  last  sweat,  which  is  in  August, 
owing  to  the  poor  quality  of  the  tobacco,  which  fact  the  merchant 
keeps  in  mind  and  buys  with  the  proviso  that  he  will  pay  10  or  more 
dollars  a  roll,  if  in  August  it  should  not  spoil.  After  this  date  the  roll 
is  safe  and  the  tobacco  improves  with  age. 

"In  conclusion,  this  plant,  which  gives  no  element  of  life  to  the 
human  organism,  is  one  of  those  most  desired  by  mankind,  and  develops 
an  industrial-agricultural  movement  of  such  importance  that  it  gives 
employment  to  thousands  of  persons,  forming  an  industry  which  rep- 
resents millions  of  dollars,  in  which  skill  and  good  taste  unite  in  order 
that  the  cigar  smoker  may  reduce  their  products  to  smoke  and  ashes, 
delighting  his  senses  in  a  grateful  and  aromatic  combustion." 

In  remarking  on  the  origin  and  production  of  tobacco  in  Porto  Rico 
Senor  Coll  y  Toste  writes: 

"Our  tobacco  is  an  indigenous  plant.  The  Government  originally 
was  opposed  to  smoking,  and  there  exist  two  Papal  bulls  excommuni- 
cating any  one  using  it.  There  exists  also  a  royal  ceckda  of  1608, 
prohibiting  the  cultivation  of  tobacco  in  Porto  Rico.  In  1034  planting 
was  resumed.  According  to  statistics  in  1770,  the  production  of 
tobacco  amounted  to  83,651  arrobas,  and,  according  to  the  report  of 
Governor  O'Reylly,  in  1776  the  production  amounted  only  to  28,070 


GATHERING  COCOANUTS. 


CULTIVATION    OF    TOBACCO. 


145 


arrobas.  The  planting  of  tobacco,  which  began  to  receive  an  impetus 
to  such  an  extent  that  in  1836  it  was  exported  from  the  island,  after- 
wards diminished  so  that  importation  in  large  amounts  became  neces- 
sary to  meet  the  local  demand.'1 


Production. 


Year. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

1850  

Pounds. 
2,  973,  308 

Pesos. 
118,  932.  32 

1860  

2,  557,  448 

95,010.77 

1870                                                               

5,  950,  322 

238,  012.  88 

1880   .                                    

12,188,517 

831,035.45 

1890  

3,977,987 

589,  465.  37 

1897  

6,255,953 

1,194,318.30 

In  this  connection,  Gen.  G.  W.  Davis,  Military  Governor  of  Porto 
Rico,  reports: 

"The  year  1897  is  the  last  for  which  statistics  have  been  published.  It  is  noticed 
as  relevant  that  the  records  show  that  the  value  has  remained  about  the  same — i.  e., 
from  19  to  21  centavos  per  pound,  since  1892. 

"As  respects  the  quality  or  grade  of  tobacco  there  are  several  kinds,  as  in  many  other 
countries.  The  cheapest  is  known  locally  as  baliche,  which  is  only  marketed  in 
Europe,  and  is  worth  from  4  to  4£  centavos  per  pound.  The  portion  so  graded  is  not 
more  than  one-fourth  or  one-third  of  the  total  crop.  Of  the  remainder,  about 
1,000,000  pounds,  more  or  less,  is  manufactured  into  cigars  and  cigarettes,  and  is  con- 
sumed locally.  The  more  valuable  grades  are  known  to  the  trade  as  '  filler  and 
wrapper,'  and  the  aggregate  of  this  grade  of  a  normal  crop  would  reach  quite  4,000,000 
pounds.  In  1897  all  this  grade  of  tobacco  went  to  Cuba,  and  brought,  on  an  aver- 
age, from  15  to  20  ceiituros  per  pound.  But  the  prohibitive  duty  of  $5  per  pound  on 
tobacco  imported  into  that  island  has  sealed  the  door  to  further  business,  and  as  there 
is  no  market  for  it  in  Europe,  and  taxes  in  the  United  States  are  all  the  way  from  35 
cents  to  $1.85,  it  results  that  there  is  no  foreign  market  at  all  for  the  better  grades. 

' '  When  the  Cuban  tax  went  into  effect  last  January  the  fact  was  at  once  known, 
and  last  spring  not  more  than  one-third  of  a  normal  crop  was  planted.  Hence  there 
is  a  comparatively  small  quantity  now  in  store.  This  is  the  surplus  of  the  last  two 
crops,  and  may  reach  1,500,000  pounds,  but  there  are  few  buyers.  Unless  the  United 
States  or  Cuban  market  is  open  to  Porto  Rico,  this  stock  must  remain  stored  until 
finally  worked  up  here,  and  future  planting  must  be  diminished  until  supply  and 
local  demand  adjust  themselves.  This  means  the  cutting  off  of  a  source  of  revenue 
that  has  in  the  past  brought  to  Porto  Rico  an  annual  income  of  from  500,000  to 
1, 250,000  in'**. 

"  Were  the  United  States  tax  abated  outright,  the  production  would  rapidly  increase, 
and  might  in  two  or  three  years  be  expected  to  reach  a  total  of  $5,000,000,  for  with 
improved  methods  of  culture  and  preparation  for  market  it  will  bring  much  better 
prices." 

8400—00 10 


146 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


STOCK  RAISING. 

Classed  with  agricultural  industries  is  stock  raising,  an  important 
and  remunerative  industry.  Horses,  mules,  donkeys,  cattle,  sheep, 
goats,  and  hogs  are  raised,  the  number  in  1897  being  shown  in  the 
following  table,  prepared  in  the  office  of  the  civil  secretary,  viz: 


Cattle  of  all  kinds. 

Number  of 
head. 

Price 
per  head. 

Total  price. 

Horses  

67,  751 

Pesos. 
30 

Pesos. 
2,032,530 

Mules  

4,467 

30 

134,  010 

Donkeys  

717 

30 

21,510 

Black  cattle  

303,612 

20 

6,  072,  240 

Sheep  

2,055 

5 

10,  275 

Goats  

5,779 

4 

23,116 

Swine  

13,411 

5 

67,  055 

Total  

8  360,736 

The  following,  from  the  same  source,  gives  the  total  number  of 
farms,  plantations,  etc. ,  together  with  their  area,  for  the  year  1897. 
The  agricultural  tables  will  show  their  present  number  and  area  when 
the  census  was  taken: 


Number  of  estates  

60,953 

Sugar  cane  

61  556 

Coffee  

do.... 

122,358 

Tobacco  

do 

4  227 

Grain  

.do 

93  608 

Otaer  cultivation  

do  .. 

17,  176 

Pasture  

do  

1,127,086 

Woodland  and  swamps  and  barren  

do.... 

664,270 

Total  

do.... 

2,090,181 

ROADS,  RAILROADS,  AND  AGRICULTURAL  IMPLEMENTS. 

Among  the  great  drawbacks  to  agriculture  are  the  lack  of  roads  and 
railroads  and  the  inferior  agricultural  implements  in  use.  With  the 
exception  of  the  military  road  between  San  Juan  and  Ponce,  a  branch 
from  Cayey  to  Guayama,  the  road  from  Aguadilla  to  San  Sebastian 
and  from  the  port  of  Ponce  to  Adjuntas,  there  is  not  a  good  road  in 
the  island.1  Even  those  in  the  immediate  vicinu\y  of  the  cities  are  in 
poor  condition,  and  during  the  rainy  season  all  of  them,  with  the 
exceptions  noted,  are  almost  impassable  for  vehicles.  The  total  length 
of  all  railroads  is  about  159  miles,  all  tracks  being  narrow-gauge,  and 
the  rolling  stock,  roadbeds,  etc.,  very  inferior.  Facing  this  page  a 
photograph  of  a  collection  of  the  agricultural  implements  in  ordi- 
nary use  may  be  seen.  They  are  of  the  most  primitive  kind,  and  will, 
no  doubt,  soon  be  replaced  by  something  better. 

Among  other  causes  which  have  greatly  retarded  the  agricultural 

1  General  Davis  is  giving  this  subject  special  attention,  and  has  expended  upward 
of  $1,000,000  in  the  repair  and  construction  of  roads. 


THP:    AGRICULTURAL    SCHEDULE. 


147 


development  of  Porto  Rico,  the  hurricane  must  be  given  a  prominent, 
and,  it  is  feared,  a  permanent  place.  Between  1515  and  1899,  eighteen 
hurricanes,  more  or  less  disastrous  in  their  effects,  have  swept  over 
the  island.  Against  this  peril  the  planter,  the  farmer,  the  stock 
raiser,  and  the  rural  poor  have  no  possible  protection.  The  last  one, 
which  visited  the  island  August  8,  1899,  was  especially  disastrous,  the 
estimated  loss,  present  and  prospective,  to  the  coffee  industry  alone 
being  25,000,000  pesos.  A  large  number  of  people  lost  their  lives, 
and  250,000  were  thrown  on  the  charity  of  the  Government.  For  an 
account  of  this  hurricane  and,  in  fact,  of  the  condition  of  the  island 
in  general,  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  voluminous  report  of  General 
Davis,  to  which  reference  has  already  been  made. 

DISCUSSION    OF     THE    AGRICULTURAL    TABLES. 

[See  Tables  XXXVIII-XLII.] 

The  following  is  a  translation  of  the  schedule  used  by  the  enumer- 
ators in  gathering  the  agricultural  data: 

SCHEDULE  No.  3. — AGRICULTURAL  STATISTICS. 

District  of  enumeration  No. . 

,  1899. 


Supervisor's  district  N<>.  —    — . 
Compiled  by  me  on  the day  of 


-,  Enumerator. 


1 .  Name  of  farmer  or  owner. 

2.  Residence. 

3.  Color  or  race. 

NOTE. — State  whether  white,  negro,  mixed,  Chinese. 

4.  Porto  Rican  or  Spaniard. 

NOTE. — State  whether  Porto  Rican,  Spaniard,  or  citizenship  in  suspense,  according 
to  whether  he  has  taken  the  oath;  if  this  question  relates  to  a  foreigner  and  is  therefore 
superfluous,  write  foreigner. 

5.  Does  the  farm  or  plantation  belong  to  the  person  named  or  is  it  leased? 

6.  Area  of  the  farm  or  plantation  in  caballenas  and  cordeles. 

Area  under  cultivation  at  the  present  time. 
Area  uncultivated  at  the  present  time. 

7.  Approximate  area  under  cultivation  prior  to  1895. 

8.  Wooded  area.     Character  of  woods,  high  or  low. 

9.  Distribution  of  area  under  cultivation,  according  to  crops: 


Crops. 

Area  in  cabal- 
lerias. 

Crops. 

Area  in  cabal- 
lerias. 

Tobacco  

Cocoa... 

Sugar  cane  

Malangas 

Rice  

Oranges 

Sweet  potatoes  

Corn. 

Potatoes  

Honev  

Yams  

Wax 

Bananas  

Cocoanut  trees  

Coffee  

Onions  

Pineapples  

NOTE. — Indicate  on  blank  lines  any  other  crops. 


148  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

10.  Number  of  cattle  on  the  hoof  on  the  day  of  enumeration:  - 


Kind. 

Number. 

Value,  in  pesos. 

Kind. 

Number. 

Value,  in  pesos. 

Bull  calves  

Bulls  

Heifers  

Steers  

Goats                     

Cows  

Sheep           

Yearlings  

Poultry 

Oxen 

Lambs                  

NOTE. — Indicate  on  blank  lines  any  other  cattle  on  the  hoof. 

11.  Number  of  grinders  and  evaporators  on  the  plantation  on  this  day: 

Mills,  number.     Output,  in  arrobas,  of  cane  per  day. 
Evaporating  apparatus,  number.     Production,  in  sacks,  per  day. 

12.  Number  and  capacity  of  the  stills  on  the  plantation: 

Number.     Capacity,  in  gallons,  per  day. 

Agriculture  is  the  principal — indeed,  almost  the  sole — occupation  of 
the  people  of  Porto  Rico.  This  fact,  which  is  so  plainly  shown  in  the 
tables  of  occupations,  is  further  emphasized  by  the  small  proportion 
of  urban  population.  The  industries  of  trade,  transportation,  and 
manufactures  are  of  almost  trifling  importance.  In  the  census  no 
attempt  was  made  to  obtain  statistics  of  other  branches  of  industry 
than  agriculture,  and  the  inquiries  concerning  that  industry  were  pur- 
posely made  as  simple  as  possible,  in  the  belief  that  it  was  better  worth 
while  to  obtain,  in  fairly  complete  form,  a  few  leading  facts  than  to 
attempt  with  a  probability  of  failure  an  exhaustive  inquiry  into  the 
details  of  this  industry.  The  inquiries  were  limited  to  those  relating 
to  areas  of  farms;  to  cultivated  land  and  woodland;  to  the  tenure  of 
farms,  with  the  race  of  the  occupant;  to  the  area  cultivated  in  certain 
leading  crops;  to  a  few  details  regarding  the  production  of  sugar  and 
coffee,  and  to  the  number  and  character  of  live  stock.  The  questions 
were  identical  with  those  asked  in  Cuba.  The  results  of  the  inquiries 
were  in  most  respects  more  satisfactory  than  in  the  larger  island, 
owing  to  a  variety  of  conditions.  The  island  had  been  in  a  state  of 
profound  peace  under  settled  conditions.  Owing  to  its  comparatively 
dense  population,  land  values  were  higher,  and,  consequently,  the  limits 
and  areas  of  farms  were  better  known.  For  the  same  reason  there 
was  little  or  no  uncertainty  as  to  the  character  of  the  tenure.  There 
were  practically  no  squatters  in  Porto  Rico. 

Table  XXXVIII  presents  for  Porto  Rico,  for  each  of  its  seven  depart- 
ments and  for  each  municipal  district,  the  number  of  farms,  the  area 
included  within  them,  the  cultivated  area,  and  the  area  covered  with 
timber.  Throughout  this  and  subsequent  tables,  and  in  great  part  in 
this  discussion,  the  measure  of  area  which  will  be  used  is  the  Porto 
Rican  cuerda,  which  may  be  accepted  as  the  equivalent  of  an  acre. 
Of  the  total  area  of  Porto  Rico — 3,606  square  miles — 2,743  square  miles 
were  included  within  farms.  This  is  76  per  cent,  or  more  than  three- 


CENSUS  OF  PORTO  RICO  1889. 


§     H 


o 

MJ  ^-(flf  r 

-E  Z 


AGRICULTURAL    STATISTICS. 


149 


fourths  of  the  area  of  the  island.  The  area  under  cultivation  was  747 
square  miles,  or  not  less  than  21  per  cent  of  the  entire  area  of  the 
island.  These  figures  are  in  strong  contrast  with  those  for  Cuba,  of 
which  29.9  per  cent  only  were  included  within  farms,  and  only  3  per 
cent  of  the  area  of  the  island  was  under  cultivation.  They  approach 
more  nearly  the  condition  of  things  in  the  United  States,  where  in 
1890, 16  per  cent  was  under  cultivation.  Yet,  considering  the  density 
of  the  rural  population,  which  is  far  beyond  that  of  any  part  of  the 
United  States,  the  proportion  of  cultivated  land  is  small.  To  illus- 
trate this,  consider  the  case  of  Illinois,  in  which  the  number  of  rural 
inhabitants  to  a  square  mile  was  in  1890  but  42,  or  less  than  one-fifth 
as  great  as  in  Porto  Rico,  while  more  than  seven-tenths  of  its  area 
was  under  cultivation. 

The  total  number  of  farms  in  Porto  Rico  was  39,021;  the  total  area 
was  1.757,774  cuerdas;  the  average  farm  had  an  area  of  but  45  cuerdas, 
or  acres;  the  cultivated  land  comprised  477,987  cuerdas,  an  average  to 
a  farm  of  only  12  cuerdas.  In  the  United  States  in  1890  the  average 
farm  contained  137  acres,  of  which  78  acres  were  improved.  In  Cuba 
the  average  farm  had  an  area  of  142  acres,  of  which,  however,  only 
about  13  acres  were  under  cultivation. 

The  following  table  gives  for  each  of  the  seven  departments  of  the 
island  the  total  area,  the  cultivated  area,  the  proportion  cultivated, 
the  average  size  of  the  farm,  and  the  average  number  of  cuerdas 

under  cultivation: 

PORTO  RICO. 


Department. 

Total 
area. 

Cultivated 
area. 

Proportion 
cultivated. 

Average 
size  of  farm. 

Average 
amount 
cultivated. 

Aguadilla 

Sq.  miles. 
240 

Sq.  miles. 
83 

Per  cent. 
35 

Cuerdas. 
28 

Cuerdas. 

g 

Arecibo  .  . 

621 

158 

25 

50 

15 

Bavamon  

542 

68 

13 

45 

g 

Guayama 

•     561 

78 

14 

57 

13 

Hnmanflo. 

329 

49 

15 

33 

10 

Mavaguez 

395 

123 

31 

36 

13 

Ponce  .. 

821 

183 

22 

53 

17 

Total 

3  606 

747 

21 

45 

12 

From  the  above  table  it  appears  that  there  was  considerable  range 
among  the  different  departments  in  the  proportional  area  under  culti- 
vation, this  being  least  in  Bayamon  and  largest  in  Aguadilla,  the 
western  departments  having  the  largest  proportion  of  land  under 
cultivation. 

The  average  size  of  farms  ranged  from  28  cuerdas  in  Aguadilla  to 
57  in  Guayama,  the  departments  having  the  largest  proportional  area 
under  cultivation  having,  as  a  rule,  the  smallest  farms. 

The  distribution  of  cultivated  land  is  shown  upon  the  map  opposite 
this  page.  The  municipal  district  has  been  used  as  the  unit  of  com- 
putation and  coloring.  The  map  shows  that  the  western  part  of  the 


150 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


island  was  in  a  much  higher  state  of  cultivation  than  the  eastern  part,  the 
largest  proportion  being  found  at  the  west  end  and  in  the  interior 
of  the  western  half,  while  the  north  and  south  coast  strips  were  less 
highly  cultivated. 

FARM  TENURE  BY  RACE. 

Table  XXXIX  shows  for  Porto  Rico  and  the  several  departments 
the  number  of  farms,  classified  by  the  race  of  their  occupants  and  the 
character  of  the  holdings,  whether  owned  or  rented,  while  the  fifth 
column  comprises  all  classes  of  mixed  occupancy.  Each  of  the  above 
groups  is  furthermore  classified  by  the  size  of  the  cultivated  area*  of 
the  farms. 

Table  XL  gives  the  cultivated  areas  of  farms,  classified  in  a  similar 
manner. 

From  the  first  of  these  tables,  which  classifies  the  number  of  farms 
by  tenure  and  race,  it  appears  that  71  per  cent  of  all  farms  were 
owned  by  whites  and  22  per  cent  were  owned  by  colored,  making 
a  total  of  93  per  cent  of  the  farms  of  Porto  Rico  owned  by  their 
occupants.  Five  per  cent  were  rented  by  whites  and  1  per  cent  by 
colored,  the  remainder  being  mixed  tenure.  This  proportion  of 
owned  farms  is  unusually  large.  In  the  United  States  in  1890  only  72 
per  cent  of  the  farms  were  owned,  and  in  but  few  states  was  the  pro- 
portion of  owned  farms  as  large  as  in  Porto  Rico.  The  proportion 
was  not  only  large  in  the  island  as  a  whole,  but  also  in  every  one  of 
the  departments.  The  following  table  shows  the  percentage  of  farms 
owned  and  rented  by  their  occupants  in  the  several  departments: 


Department. 

Farms 
owned. 

Farms 
rented. 

Aguadilla  

Per  cent. 
92 

Percent. 
8 

Arecibo  

97 

3 

Bayamon 

89 

11 

(iimyaTnft 

85 

15 

Hiimanao  ;..                                                                   

70 

30 

Mayaguez  

93 

7 

Ponce  

96 

4 

As  is  seen,  the  lowest  percentage  of  owned  farms  was  in  Humacao, 
where  the  proportion  of  colored  was  the  greatest,  but  even  here  seven- 
tenths  of  the  farms  were  owned  by  their  occupants.  The  proportion 
ranged  up  from  this  to  97  per  cent,  or  practically  all  the  farms,  in 
Arecibo,  on  the  northern  coast,  while  in  Ponce.  Mayagnez.  and  Agua- 
dilla, also,  more  than  nine-tenths  of  the  farms  were  owned  by  their 
occupants.  The  proportion  of  ownership  was  least  in  the  eastern  part 
of  the  island  and  greatest  in  the  western  part. 

From  Table  XL  it  appears  that  82  per  cent  of  the  cultivated  area 
of  Porto  Rico  was  owned  by  whites,  and  7  per  cent  was  rented  by 
whites;  9  per  cent  was  owned  by  colored,  and  1  per  cent  rented  by 


AGRICULTURAL    STATISTICS. 


151 


colored;  while  the  areas  which  could  not  be  thrown  into  either  of 
these  classes  comprised  only  1  per  cent.  Hence,  it  appears  that  not 
less  than  91  per  cent  of  the  cultivated  area  of  the  island  was  occupied 
by  its  owners,  and  only  8  per  cent  was  rented.  These  proportions  are 
in  strong  contrast  with  those  of  Cuba,  where  only  43. 5  per  cent  were 
owned  and  52.4  per  cent  rented.  This  general  ownership  of  farms, 
however  brought  about,  has  unquestionably  had  a  great  influence  in 
producing  the  contented  condition  of  the  people  of  this  island  as  con- 
trasted with  the  restlessness  of  the  Cubans. 

Classifying  the  occupancy  by  race,  it  is  seen  that  89  per  cent  of  the 
cultivated  area  was  occupied  by  whites  and  only  10  per  cent  by  col- 
ored, showing  that,  as  in  Cuba,  the  whites  occupied  a  much  larger 
proportion  of  the  cultivated  land  than  would  have  been  expected 
from  their  relative  number.  It  follows  from  this  that  the  average 
area  of  the  cultivated  farm  occupied  by  whites  was  greater  than  that 
occupied  by  the  colored.  That  this  is  true  is  seen  from  the  following: 

Average  area. 

White  owners 14 

White  renters 17 

Colored  owners 5 

Colored  renters 6 

Others 17 

The  following  table  shows,  by  percentages,  the  proportional  area  in 
each  class  of  farms: 


Race  and  tenure. 

0-4 
cuerdas. 

5-9 
citerdag. 

10-19 
cuerdcm. 

20-49 
cuerdas. 

50-99 
cuerdas. 

100  + 
cuerdas. 

Total.    ' 

1 

White  owners  
White  renters  
Colored  owners  .  .  . 
Colored  renters  .  .  . 
Others  

9 

7 
28 
29 
8 

9 

8 
20 
22 
8 

12 
10 
18 
16 

7 

18 
17 
18 
20 
16 

14 
16 
9 
10 
10 

38 
42 
7 
3 
51 

100 
100 
100 
100 

100     1 

1 

It  is  seen  that  in  the  case  of  white  occupants  the  areas  increase  with 
the  size  of  farms,  while  with  colored  occupants  the  reverse  is  the  case. 

The  following  table  shows,  by  percentages,  the  leading  facts  regard- 
ing the  tenure  of  farms  and  the  race  of  occupants  for  the  different 
departments  of  the  island: 

Proportional  areas  under  different  kinds  of  tenure. 
PORTO  RICO. 


Department. 

White 
owners. 

White 

renters. 

Colored 
owners. 

Colored 
renters. 

Others. 

Total. 

Aguadilla 

Per  cent. 

87 

Per  cent. 
6 

Per  ceiit. 
6 

Per  cent. 
1 

Per  cent. 

100 

Arecibo  

89 

2 

g 

1 

100 

Bayamon 

69 

16 

12 

2 

1 

100 

Guayama  

65 

16 

14 

2 

3 

100 

HiimapAo 

70 

14 

14 

1 

1 

100 

Mayaguez  .  . 

86 

4 

8 

2 

100 

Ponce  

85 

5 

9 

1 

100 

Total  

82 

- 

y 

1 

1 

100 

152 


EEPOET    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


It  is  seen  that  the  areas  owned  by  whites  ranged  from  65  per  cent 
of  all  cultivated  land  in  Guayama  up  to  89  per  cent  in  Arecibo;  that 
the  largest  holdings  by  the  colored  were  in  the  eastern  departments 
and  the  smallest  holdings  in  the  western;  that  the  holdings  of  the 
whites  ranged  in  the  different  departments  from  81  to  93  per  cent  of 
all  the  cultivated  area  in  the  departments,  while  the  holdings  of  the 
colored  ranged  from  7  up  to  16  per  cent. 

FARM  PRODUCTS. 

The  only  measure  of  agricultural  products  which  was  obtained  by 
the  census  consisted  in  the  area  cultivated  in  each  crop.  Measured  in 
this  way,  the  following  table  shows  the  relative  importance  of  each  such 
crop,  expressed  in  percentages  of  the  total  area  of  cultivated  land: 

Per  cent. 

Coffee 41 

Sugar  cane 15 

Bananas 14 

Sweet  potatoes 8 

Indian  corn 4 

Malangas .' 2 

Rice..  2 


Cocoanuts 
Tobacco  .. 


From  the  above  it  is  seen  that  coffee  is  much  the  most  important 
crop  of  the  island;  that  sugar  cane  is  of  much  less  relative  importance 
than  in  Cuba,  and  that  tobacco,  which  is  one  of  the  leading  crops  of 
Cuba,  is  here  of  trifling  importance. 

To  illustrate  the  tenure  of  land  under  different  crops  and  the  race  of 
the  occupant,  the  following  table  is  presented,  showing,  for  different 
tenures  and  races  in  percentages,  the  proportion  which  was  planted  in 
each  of  the  different  crops  above  enumerated: 


Crop. 

White 
owners. 

White 
renters. 

Colored 
owners. 

Colored 
renters. 

Others. 

Tobacco  

1 

3 

1 

1 

Sugar  cane  

14 

47 

2 

10 

31 

Rice  

2 

2 

3 

3 

1 

Sweet  potatoes  . 

7 

8 

15 

3 

5 

Malangas  

2 

2 

5 

4 

1 

Yams  

4 

8 

1 

Bananas  

15 

8 

17 

13 

11 

Cocoanuts  

1 

1 

13 

3 

2 

Coffee  

47 

18 

31 

22 

34 

Indian  corn  

4 

4 

5 

5 

2 

It  is  seen  from  the  above  table  that  of  the  cultivated  area  owned  by 
whites  47  per  cent,  or  nearly  one-half,  was  planted  in  coffee.  Bananas 
occupied  15  per  cent,  and  sugar  cane  14  per  cent.  Of  the  area  rented 
by  whites,  on  the  contrary,  47  per  cent  was  planted  in  sugar  cane  and 
but  18  per  cent  in  coffee.  This  distribution  of  crops  among  the  areas 
owned  by  negroes  was  wider,  coffee  occupying  nearly  one-third  of  the 


CENSUS  OF  PORTO  RICO  1899  . 


:- 


•  ,    *      , 


A 


1 


So  '  •    I 

'  ,          "T'xl- 


IIIDO 


i     i    _      , , ,  3         I  ,— -  ,c  - 
.-?      ''   U'|     -rl-'^|vfc''^ 

|,.«J°  y  ;,  •"•. 

.;r-;,  ^  '^^jV -^k-: 

^fA.^fY  - 


AGRICULTURAL    STATISTICS. 


153 


area,  while  sugar  cane,  the  second  most  important  crop  in  the  island, 
occupied  only  2  per  cent.  Among  colored  renters  the  areas  were  also 
widely  scattered. 

The  following  table  shows  the  proportion  of  the  cultivated  land  in 
each  department  which  was  planted  with  each  of  these  crops,  and  thus 
shows  the  relative  importance  in  the  various  departments  of  the  several 
crops.  In  Mayaguez  more  than  half  and  in  Arecibo  half  the  cultivated 
area  was  planted  in  coffee;  in  Aguadilla  and  Ponce  ±3  per  cent,  and  in 
Guayama  38  per  cent;  sugar  cane  occupied  more  than  one-half  of  the 
cultivated  area  of  Huinacao,  and  more  than  one-fourth  that  of  Bayamon. 
In  these  two  departments,  and  these  only,  sugar  was  of  greater  impor- 
tance than  coffee. 


Crop. 

Agua- 
dilla. 

Arecibo. 

Baya- 
mon. 

Guay- 
ama. 

Hmna- 
cao. 

Mava- 
guez. 

Ponce. 

Tobacco 

1 

1 

4 

2 

1 

1 

Sugar  cane  .  . 

6 

5 

27 

16 

53 

12 

15 

Rice  

1 

1 

4 

3 

2 

2 

2 

Sweet  potatoes  
Malangas  

11 
2 

8 
•2 

16 
2 

13 
6 

10 

6 

3 
1 

2 
3 

1 

1 

1 

Bananas 

13 

22 

10 

11 

6 

12 

16 

2 

1 

4 

1 

2 

12 

Coffee 

43 

50 

20 

38 

9 

54 

43 

Indian  corn  

4 

3 

3 

3 

1 

6 

4 

COFFEE. 

Of  the  total  cultivated  area  of  Porto  Rico  41  per  cent  was  planted 
in  cotfee.  :i  statement  which  at  once  shows  the  importance  of  this  crop 
to  the  island.  Of  the  entire  area  planted  not  less  than  91  per  cent  was 
occupied  by  whites  and  only  7  per  cent  by  colored,  the  remaining  2 
per  cent  being  in  unknown  occupancy.  Of  the  lands  occupied  by 
whites  nearly  all.  or  not  less  than  88  per  cent  of  all  the  cultivated  land, 
was  owned  by  whites,  and  of  that  occupied  by  colored  practically  all 
was  owned  by  colored.  This  high  degree  of  ownership  is  doubtless 
due  to  the  fact  that  lands  cultivated  in  coffee  must  remain  in  one  owner- 
ship for  a  long  time. 

The  number  of  coffee  plantations  was  21,693,  and  the  entire  area 
planted  197,031  cuerdas,  an  average  of  only  9  cuerdas  per  plantation. 
The  average  size  of  the  coffee  plantation  owned  or  occupied  by  the  two 
races  was  as  follows: 

Cuerdas. 

White  owners 10 

White  renters 7 

Colored  owners 3 

Colored  renters 3 

Others...  .  11 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899 


The  average  area  of  coffee  plantations  in  the  several  departments  of 
the  island  was  as  follows: 

Cuerdats. 

Aguadilla 7 

Arecibo 11 

Bayamon 4 

Guayama 7 

Humacao 4 

Mayaguez 11 

Ponce 11 

The  distribution  of  coffee  planting  in  the  island  is  shown  on  the  map 
opposite  page  153.  It  is  seen  from  this  that  coffee  planting  was  most 
important  in  the  western  and  in  the  interior  parts  of  the  island,  mainly 
away  from  the  coast,  the  hillsides  of  this  region  forming  the  most 
valuable  coffee  land. 

SUGAR. 

Sugar  is,  in  Porto  Rico,  a  crop  of  secondary  importance.  There 
were  2,336  plantations,  comprising  73,132  cuerdm,  or  an  average  of 
31  cuerdas  to  a  plantation.  The  departments  differed  in  importance 
in  the  production  of  sugar,  as  follows: 


Department. 

Number 
of  planta- 
tions. 

Area. 

Area  per 
planta- 
tion. 

Aguadilla  .         

550 

Cuerdas. 
3,453 

Cuerdag. 
6 

Arecibo.  

290 

5,625 

19 

Bayamon  

429 

11,598 

27 

Guayama  

149 

8,310 

56 

Humacao  

156 

16,743 

107 

Mayaguez  .,  

611 

9,138 

15 

Ponce  

150 

17,265 

115 

As  is  shown  by  the  above  table,  and  also  by  the  accompanying  map, 
opposite  this  page,  the  production  of  sugar  was  carried  on  mainly  in 
the  neighborhood  of  the  coast,  and  particularly  in  the  eastern  and 
southeastern  parts  of  the  island,  Ponce  and  Humacao  being  the  depart- 
ments of  most  importance  in  this  regard. 

The  following  table  shows  the  distribution  of  sugar  growing  by  race 
of  the  planter  and  by  tenure  of  the  plantation: 


Race  and  tenure. 

Number. 

Area. 

Average 
area. 

Percent- 
age of  to- 
tal area. 

White  owners  

1,691 

Cuerdas. 

f>:;,  75* 

Cuerdas. 
32 

75 

White  renters  .  .           .  .         ... 

269 

14  824 

55 

21 

Colored  owners  

300 

939 

3 

1 

Colored  renters  

37 

341 

9 

Others.  

39 

2,284 

58 

3 

As  is  seen  from  the  above  table,  sugar  was  produced  almost  entirely 
by  whites,  since  96  per  cent  of  all  the  area  was  either  owned  or  rented 
by  them,  and  only  I  per  cent  by  colored,  and  three-fourths  of  all  the 


CENSUS  OF  PORTO  RICO   1899. 


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AGEICULTURAL    STATISTICS. 


155 


area  was  owned  by  white  planters.  In  the  average  area  of  the  sugar 
plantations  there  were  also  striking  differences.  The  largest  planta- 
tions were  those  rented  by  whites,  and  the  next  largest  were  owned  by 
whites,  while  those  occupied  by  the  colored  were  relatively  very  small. 
Sny<i,'  mill*  nii<1  iltxtHJi-ries. — The  cultivation  of  sugar  cane  and  the 
production  of  sugar,  molasses,  and  rum  were,  in  Porto  Rico,  industries 
of  far  less  relative  importance  than  in  Cuba.  As  has  been  shown,  the 
area  under  cultivation  in  cane  was  much  less.  The  number  of  mills 
and  distilleries  is  given  by  departments  in  the  following  table,  together 
with  their  average  capacity,  that  of  sugar  mills  in  arrobas  (25  pounds 
each)  of  cane  per  day,  and  that  of  stills  in  gallons  of  rum  per  day. 

Sugar  mills  and  distilleries. 


Department. 

Number 

of  sugar 
mills. 

Capacity  in 
arrobas  of 
cane. 

Average 
capacity. 

Number 
of  stills. 

Capacity 
in  gallons. 

Average 
capacity. 

Aguadilla  

55 

Per  day. 

-I.')  lisTi 

Per  day. 
819 

34 

Per  day. 
2,475 

Per  day. 
72 

Arecibo 

33 

69  835 

2  116 

27 

2  864 

106 

Bayamon  

61 

172,  370 

3,171 

26 

3,063 

117 

Guavania 

32 

134,766 

4  211 

22 

2  987 

135 

TTiimAran 

32 

•Jliit  5M» 

8  424 

23 

3  635 

158 

Mavaguez  

100 

161,255 

1,612 

42 

3  236 

77 

Ponce  

32 

133,607 

4,175 

31 

3,436 

110 

Total 

345 

986  507 

2  858 

205 

21  6% 

106 

Comparison  of  this  table  with  the  corresponding  one  for  Cuba  shows 
that  the  number  of  mills  was  greater  in  Porto  Rico  than  in  Cuba — 345 
to  207.  Their  collective  capacity,  however,  was  but  little  more  than 
one-tenth  as  much,  and  their  average  capacity  was  little  more  than  one- 
fifteenth  that  of  the  Cuban  centrals.  The  crushing  of  cane  and  manu- 
facture of  sugar  and  molasses  were  carried  on  in  Porto  Rico  in  a  retail 
way  in  small  mills.  Their  product  is  commonly  coarse  brown  sugar 
and  molasses. 

W  ith  distilleries  the  case  is  the  same.  The  number  was  nearly  two 
and  one-half  times  as  great  as  in  Cuba,  but  their  capacity  was  little 
more  than  one-eighth,  and  their  average  capacity  per  distillery  only 
about  one-twentieth. 


TABLES  OF  POPULATION. 


TABLE  I. — Population  by  departments. 


Department. 

Total  popu- 
lation. 

Porto  Rico              

953,  243 

Aguadilla                                          

99  645 

Arecibo          .               •  

162  308 

Bayamon      

160,  046 

Guayama       

111,986 

Humacao  

88,501 

Mayaguez  

127,  566 

Ponce        ..           ...            

203,  191 

TABLE  II. — Population  by  municipal  districts. 


Aguadilla  department 

99,645 

Guavama  department  —  Continued. 

Cidra 

7  552 

10,581 

Comerio  

8  249 

Aguadilla       .              

17,830 

Guayama  

12,  749 

I  SI  1  1C  111    

14,  888 

Gurabo  

8,700 

Lares  

20,  883 

Juncos  

...      8,429 

Moca 

.     12,  410 

Salinas. 

5  731 

Rincon             

6,641 

San  Lorenzo  

13,433 

16  412 

88  501 

162  308 

Fajardo 

16  782 

Arecibo.  . 

36  910 

Hiimflpjin 

14  313 

Barceloneta  

9,  357 

Maunabo 

6  221 

Camuy  

10,  887 

Naguabo  

10  873 

dales  

18,  115 

Patillas  

11  163 

Hatillo            

10,449 

Piedras 

8  602 

Manati  

13,989 

Vieques. 

6  642 

Morovis  

11,309 

Yabucoa  

13  905 

7  432 

Utuado  

43,  860 

Mayaguez  department 

127  566 

Bavamon  department  

160  046 

Afiasco  .. 

13  311 

CaboRojo  . 

16  154 

Bayamon  

19,  940 

Hormigueros  . 

3  215 

Carolina  

..   .              11  965 

8  789 

Corozal  

11,508 

Las  Marias  . 

11  °79 

Dorado  

3,804 

Maricao  

8  312 

Loiza  

12,  522 

Mayaguez  

35  700 

Naranjito  

8,  101 

Sabana  Grande 

10  560 

Rio  Grande  

12,  365 

San  frprmnn  .  , 

20  246 

Rio  Piedras  

13  760 

San  Juan  

32,048 

Police  department. 

•>03  191 

Toa  Alta            .  . 

7  908 

Toa  Baja         

4  030 

Adjuntas 

19  484 

Trujillo  Alto  

5,  683 

Aibonito 

8  596 

Vega  Alta  

6,  107 

Barranquitas 

8  103 

Vega  Baja  •.  

10,306 

Barros  

...     14,845 

Guayama  department  

111,986 

Coamo  

Gun  vanilla 

15,144 
9  540 

Juana  Diaz 

27  896 

Aguas  Buenas  

7,977 

Pefiuelas  

12  129 

Arroyo  

4,867 

Ponce  .  . 

55  477 

Caguas  

19,  857 

4  ,s.-)X 

Cayey  

14,  442 

Yauco 

27  119 

156 


CENSUS  OF  PORTO  RICO  1899. 


PORTO  RICO 

RELATIVE    AREAS    CULTIVATED    IN    PRINCIPAL   CROPS 


AHoeog  Co.Btltc.Lith. 


POPULATION    BY    DISTRICTS. 
TABLE  III. — Total  population  by  wards. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA. 


157 


TOTAL  POPULATION 

99,645 

Lares  district  —  Continued. 

2  152 

10,581 

Espino... 

....      1,148 

1  954 

1,195 
1,010 
843 
1,533 
753 
723 
558 
746 
923 
1,162 
1,135 

Latorre  

2,  008 

Carrizal  and  Espinal 

Mirasol  

1,027 

Cerro  Gordo   

Pezuela  

1,010 

Cruces,  Guayabo,  and  Rio  Grande  

Piletas 

2,455 

Poblacion  

2,  264 

Mal-pa«o  and  Guanabanas  

Pueblo  

....      1,450 

Mamey  

RioPrieto  

....      1,931 

Marias  
Naranjo                   

Moca  district  

12,410 

Aceituna  

Rosario,  California,  and  Guanaguilla. 
Aguadilla  district 

1,067 

898 

17,830 

Centro  

601 

Aguacate  and  Arenales 

Cerro  Gordo 

1  008 

991 
1,537 
1,271 
943 
1,633 
1,033 
1,158 
638 
1,756 
784 
905 
633 
700 
1,502 
1,630 
716 

Cruz                                   ... 

954 

Barrio  Nuevo 

Cuchilla  

1,552 

Borinquen  

Maria  

1,062 

Naranjo 

966 

Camaseves 

Plata  .  .                  

663 

Ceiba  alta  and  Ceiba  baja  

Pueblo  ~ 

1,470 

Corrales  and  Caimital  alto 

Rocba 

902 

Guerrero  . 

Voladoras  

1  267 

Rincon  district 

Malesas  alta 

6  641 

Barrero  and  Atalaya  

Montana  

..   .       1,157 

Palmar 

Calvache  

708 

Santa  Barbara  

Cruz  

770 

Tamarindc 

Ensenada 

674 

Victoria  

Jaguey  

576 

Isabela  district 

14,888 

Pueblo  

Puntas 

1,074 
1  006 

Rio  Grande 

676 

1,559 
833 
647 
1,257 
1,349 
1,063 
705 
818 
753 
1,551 
1,564 
972 
936 
881 

San  Sebastian  district 

Arenales  bajos 

16  412 

Bajura  

Bejucos. 

993 

Coto  

Altosano  and  Sonador 

862 

Galateo  alto  

Calabazas 

746 

Galateo  bajo  

Guacio  

562 

Guayabos  

1  169 

Guerrero 

1  126 

Jobos  

663 

Llanadas  

1  215 

Mora  

761 

Planas  

1  003 

Pueblo  

404 

Lares  district  

1  429 

20,883 

1  125 

Bartolo  

1  008 

2,035 
1,449 

1  646 

Buenos-Aires  

1  700 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECLBO. 

TOTAL  POPULATION  

162,308 

Barceloneta  district  

....      9,357 

Arecibo  district  

36,  910 

1  459 

Arecibo  City  

Florida  adentro 

2  002 

8,008 
1,228 
1,662 
470 
676 
931 
1,093 
2,843 
1,072 
950 
1,869 
1,751 
2,588 
2,498 
1,416 
1,709 
3,568 
1,555 
1,023 

3  579 

Arenalejos  

1  058 

Arrozal  

1  259 

Cambalache  

Carrera  

10  887 

Domingo  Ruiz  

Abra  honda 

Dominguito  

1  420 

Esperanza  

774 

Factor  

Cnmuy 

989 

Garrochales  

Cienega 

711 

Hato  abajo  

695 

Hato  arriba  

Membrillo 

769 

Hato  viejo  

895 

Islote  

718 

Miraflores  

Puertos 

419 

Rio  arriba  

1  213 

Sabana  Hovos  

Santiago 

657 

Santana  

794 

Tanama  

Zania... 

833 

158  REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO   RICO,   1899. 

TABLE  III. — Total  population  by  ward* — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO— Continued. 


Ciales  district       

18,115 

Morovis  district—  Continued. 
Pasto 

1  314 

dales  

1,366 

Percha 

1  124 

Cialitos  

2,522 

Rio  Grande 

841 

Cordillera  

1,425 

San  Lorenzo 

884 

Fronton  

3,  706 

Torrecilla. 

572 

Hato  Viejo 

1,800 

Unibon 

643 

Jagua  

1,264 

Vaga  

828 

Pesa  
Pozas  

994 
2,796 

Quebradillas  district  
Cacaos  

7,  432 

Toro  Negro  

2,252 

1,066 

Hatillo  district  

10,449 

Charcas  
Cocos 

330 
978 

Aibonito  

1,606 

Gun  jilt  ac;  i  

666 

1  166 

Bayaney  

1,394 

1  760 

Capaez  

1,016 

687 

Carrisales  

969 

779 

Corcovada  

1,065 

Hatillo  

676 

43  860 

Naranjito                           .  . 

966 

Angeles  

Pajuil 

130 

2  456 

Pueblo 

669 

Arenas  

1  577 

Yeguadilla  occidental 

963 

Caguana  

2  555 

Yeguadilla  oriental 

995 

Caniaco  

...            631 

2  378 

13  989 

Consejo  

929 

Baiura  adentra  

Don  Alonso 

1  610 

881 

Guaonico  

771 

Baj  ura  af  uera    

739 

Jayuya  abajo  

3,  597 

Goto 

2  110 

Jayuya  arriba 

5  700 

Manati  Citv 

4,494 

Limon  

857 

Rio  arriba  Poniente 

....       1,862 

Mameves  

4,268 

1  593 

Palmas,  Las 

647 

Tierras  nuevas  Poniente  

1,534 

Paso  Palma  ,  

1,317 

Tierras  nuevas  Saliente 

776 

Rio  Abajo  

1,235 

1  130 

11  309 

Sabana  Grande  .  •.  

1  053 

Sal  to  abajo 

836 

'     854 

Salto  arriba 

855 

Cuchilla 

716 

Santa  Isabel 

875 

695 

Santa  Rosa    .  .  . 

793 

Monte  Llano 

466 

Tetuan  

1,678 

821 

Utuado  Citv 

3  619 

487 

Vivi  abajo  .. 

1,253 

1,064 

Vivi  arriba  

1,240 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 

TOTAL  POPULATION 

.     160,  046 

Carolina  district—  Continued. 

724 

19,940 

Hoyo-Mulas 

1,245 

Buena  Vista   

708 

1,028 

Pueblo  .     . 

2,177 

Camarones     

620 

Sabana  abaja  

578 

Catafio 

2,331 

San  Antonio 

615 

Cerro  Gordo 

845 

Santa  Cruz 

435 

Dajaos  

851 

Trujillo  bajo  

651 

Guaraguaos  abajo  

837 

Corozal  district  

11,508 

Guaraguaos  de  Guavnabo  .  . 

763 

1  183 

Guaynabo  

465 

1  096 

HatoTeja  

1,358 

585 

Juan  Sanchez  

926 

909 

Minillas  

1,000 

849 

Nuevo  

1,123 

1  133 

Paiaros  

1,492 

818 

Palmas  

406 

Padilla 

840 

Pueblo  

2,218 

901 

Pueblo  Viejo  

480 

770 

Santa  Olava  

1,100 

1  367 

Santa  Rosa  

687 

Pueblo 

1  057 

Sonadora  

729 

Carolina  district 

11  965 

Dorado  district  

8,804 

Borrasa  alto  

737 

889 

Higuillar  

820 

Borrasa  bajo 

764 

Maguavo              ... 

764 

Cacao  

1,225 

Mameyal  

169 

Cangrejos  

367 

Pueblo  

937 

Canovanillas 

950 

Rio  Lajas  

....          377 

Carruzos... 

637 

POPULATION    BY    WARDS. 

TABLE  III. — Total  population  by  wards — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON— Continued. 


159 


12,522 

San  Juan  district—  Continued, 
''an  Cristobal 

3,131 

1,942 

San  Francisco  

....       1,177 

1,225 

Santurce.  

....      5,840 

3,  139 

Teatro  

....      2,592 

Lomas  

1,614 

Institutions  

....      2,652 

Mediania  
Pueblo 

2,296 
833 

Toa  Alta  district  

....      7,908 

Torrecillas  

1,473 

di  trict 

8  101 

Contorno  
Galatea  

653 
606 

J 

Mucarabonaz      

954 

1  094 

Ortiz... 

948 

1?420             Pinas  

841 

977 

Pueblo  

991 

915 

Quebrada  Arenas  

777 

1  006 

Quebrada  Cruz  

....      1,165 

Loina  

994 

Rio  Lajas  

973 

Nuevo  
Pueblo  

1,081 
614 

Toa  Baja  district  

....      4,030 

Rio  Grande  district  

12,365 

Candelaria  

....      1,395 

Cienega  

1,610 

Media  Luna  
Pueblo  

1,300 
737 

Guzman  abajo  
Guzman  arriba  

1,378 
1,047 

Trujillo  Alto  district  

.  .  .  .      5,  683 

Herrera  
Jimenez  

221 
1,773 

Carraiza  

1,159 
688 

Mameves  
Mata  de  Platano  
Pueblo  

2,  070 
717 
1,285 

Dos  Bocas  
Pueblo  

369 
1,025 

Sabana  
Zarzal  

600 
1,191 

Quebrada  Inflerno  

....      1,487 

Rio  Piedras  district 

13,760 

Vega  Alta  district    

6,  107 

Baj  ura  
Candelaria  
Espinosa  
Maricao  
Novillo  

Caimito  alto  
Caimito  bajo  
Cupey  
Frailes  

779 
927 
1,834' 
562 

749 
863 
781' 
741 
982 

Hato  Rey  
Mamev  
Monacillo  
Pueblo  
Quebrada  Arenas  

1,324 
636 
1,295 
2,249 
716 

Pueblo  
Sabana  .-  

Vega  Baja  district  

1,081 
910 

.  .  .  .     10,  305 

877 

Rio  

.          651             Almirante  Norte 

902 

Sabana  Liana  

1,644                 Almirnntp  Siir 

847 

Tortugo  

460 

Cabo  Caribe  

277 

San  Juan  district 

32  048 

Ceiba  
Cibuco  

469 

310 

Ballaja 

Pueblo          ...                .         

2,288 

1  217 

Puerto  Nuevo  

706 

Caleta 

3  307 

Pugnado  Adentro  

426 

Catedral  

2,497 

Pugnado  Afuera  

1,336 

Marina 

2  144 

Quebrada  Arenas  

348 

Mercado  

2,038 

Rio  arriba  and  Rio  abajo  

1,092 

Puerta  de  Tierra 

6  453 

Yeguada  

428 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 

TOTAL  POPULATION  

111,986 

Caguas  district  

....     19,857 

Aguas  Buenas  district 

KpAtriz  .  . 

7  977 

868 

Bairoa  and  Jagueves 

3  870 

1,099              flnfinhon.    .    _ 

1,309 

Bayamoncito 

765 

1,400 

Caguitas  

856 

Pueblo    . 

5,  450 

Juan  Asencio  

1,029 

Rio  Canas  

....      1,336 

Mulita  

752 

San  Antonio  

887 

Pueblo  

1  309 

San  Salvarlnr 

1,605 

Sonadora  and  Mulas  .  . 

.         1,183            Tomas  de  Castro  

....      1,876 

Sumidero  

984              Trirahn  

1,557 

Arroyo  district  .  . 

4  867 

14  442 

Guasimas,  Palmas,  and 
Laurel  

Beatrix  and  Guavate  

Ancones  5% 
1  333 

853 

Pprpndilln  find  Tjina 

1,047 

Pitahava  

801            Jacome  alto  .             .        

1,246 

Pueblo"  

2  137            Jacome  bajo  and  Sumido 

961 

Pedro  A  vila  and  Paste  vieio  .  .  . 

886 

160 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  III. — Total  population  by  wards — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA— Continued. 


Cayey  district — Continued. 

Piedra  and  Maton  abajo 965 

Pueblo 3,763 

Quebrada  arriba,  Culebras  bajo,  and 

Culebras  alto 914 

Rincon  and  Monte  Llano 1, 374 

Toita  and  Maton  arriba 1,390 

Vega,  Farallon,  and  Cedro 1, 043 


Cidra  district 7,552 


Bayamon  and  Monte  Llano 

Beatriz  and  Arenas 

Ceiba  and  Rio  abajo 

Hondura  and  Toita 

Pueblo 

Rabanal  and  Salto , 

Sur  and  Rincon  . . 


1,222 
997 

1,100 
800 

1,034 

1,498 
901 


Comerio  district. 


Cedrito  and  Cejas 1, 158 

Dona  Elena 1, 460 

Palomas 1, 091 

Pinas  and  Vega 1, 373 

Pueblo 1, 191 

Naranjo 815 

Rio  Hondo 1, 161 


Guayama  district 12, 749 


Caimital. 

Carite 

Carmen.. 
Guamani 


Gurabo  district 8, 700 

Celada 964 

Hato  Nuevo 1, 361 

Jagua 868 

Jagual  and  Masas 1, 270 

Mamey 680 

Pueblo 1, 309 

Quebrada  Inflerno  and  Navarro 1, 093 

Rincon 1, 155 

Juncos  district  . . . 


603 

834 

784 

1,360 

Jobos 1, 186 

Machete 368 

Palmas 1 , 200 

Pozo-Hondo  and  Algarrobo 1, 080 

Pueblo 6, 334 


Ceiba  Norte  and  Ceiba  Sur 1, 408 

Gurabo  arriba  and  Caimito 1, 295 

Lirios 815 

Mamey  and  Gurabo  abajo 1, 679 

Pueblo 2, 026 

Valenciano    abajo    and    Valenciano 

arriba 1,206 


Salinas  district 5, 731 


Aguirre 1, 291 

Lapa 1, 019 

Palma  and  Quebrada  Yeguas 981 

Pueblo 1, 192 

Rio  Jueyes 1, 248 


San  Lorenzo  district 13, 433 


Cerro  Gordo 1, 452 

Espino 1, 522 

Florida 807 

Hato 1,028 

Jagual 1 , 024 

Pueblo  2,084 

Quebrada 1, 193 

Quebrada  Arena 1, 452 

Quebrada  Honda 1, 616 

Quemado 1, 255 


DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 


TOTAL  POPULATION 88, 501 


Fajardo  district 16,782 

Cabezas  and  Demajagua 1, 168 

Ceiba  and  Machose 1, 214 

Chupacallos  and  Saco 1, 109 

Fajardo 3, 414 

Florencio  and  Quebrada  Vuelta 1, 289 

Juan  Martinez  and  Sabana 1, 029 

Pitahaya 1,103 

Poblado  de  Luquillo 903 

Quebrada  Fajardo 888 

Quebrada  Seca  and  Guayacan 820 

Rio  abajo 1, 021 

Rio  abajo  and  Daguao 1 , 099 

Rio  arriba 726 

Sardinera  and  Naranjo 999 


Humacao  district 14, 313 


Anton  Ruiz 987 

Buena  Vista 985 

Candelero  abaio 972 

Candelero  arriba 811 

Catafio  and  Mabu 1,179 

Collores 1,  016 

Mambiche  and  Rio  abajo 1, 289 

Marianao 1 , 296 

Playa 646 

San  Juan 1,169 

Santiago  and  San  Francisco 1,754 

Santo  Domingo 1, 505 

Tejas 704 


Maunabo  district 6, 221 


Calzada  and  Lizas 1,233 

Emajag-ua 828 


Maunabo  district — Continued. 

Matuyas  bajo  and  alto 941 

Palo-seco 802 

Pueblo 1, 277 

Quebrada  Arenas  and  Talante 1, 140 


Naguabo  district 10, 873 

Daguao 756 

Duque 1, 238 

Hucares 826 

Maizales 1,060 

Mariana 1, 280 

Pena-pobre 1, 004 

Pueblo 1 , 812 

Rio  Blanco  abajo 970 

Rio  Blanco  arriba 959 

Santiago  Luna  and  Rio 902 


Patillas  district 11, 163 


Bajo  and  Jacaboa 1,198 

Cacao  alto  and  Jagual 1, 018 

Cacao  bajo  and  Quebrada  arriba 928 

Guardarraya 1, 013 

Mamey  and  A  peadero 1, 249 

Maton  and  Guavabote 1,189 

Mulas ". 823 

Pueblo 1, 590 

Rio  Arriba 1, 080 

Rios  and  Polios 1, 075 


Piedras  district 8, 602 

Colores  and  Boqueron 1, 528 

Montones  abajo 899 

Montones  arriba 937 

Pueblo  and  Quebrada  Arenas 1, 449 

Rio  abajo 1,122 


POPULATION    BY    WARDS. 


161 


TABLE  III. — Total  population  by  wards— Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO— Continued. 


Piedras  district—  Continued. 

1,028 
948 
691 

Yabucoa  district  

.    13,905 

Aguacate  

1,374 

Calabazas  

.      1,891 

1  435 

6,642 

Gua  vabota  

904 

Culebra  Island      ...        

801 

704 
1,069 
2,646 
636 
708 

879 

Jacana    

1,  101 

Mosquito  and  Llave  

Juan  Martin  

.      1,473 

Pueblo  and  Florida 

Limones                           .     

1,139 

Puerto  Real  abajo               .             

Plava  

1,  016 

Pueblo 

-   1,838 

Punta    Arenas,    Puerto    Ferro,   and 
Puerto  Diablo  

Teja  

933 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 

TOTAL  POPULATION 

127,  566      Maricao  district—  Continued. 

933 

13,  311 

Indiera  Frios  

1,165 

1  390 

Afiasco  arriba  and  Afiasco  abajo  
Caguabo  and  Playa  .        

1,027 
1,156 
1,019 
1,159 
1,149 
1,334 
938 
1,281 
1,030 
923 
1,257 
1,038 

Montoso  

1  146 

Pueblo  

1,179 

Cercado,  Rio-ariba,  and  Casey-abajo.. 
Cerro-gordo  and  Corcovado 

Mayaguez  district  

35  700 

Algarrobo  

1  054 

Daguey  and  Humatas 

Bateyes  

1,019 

Candelaria  

2  609 

Carcel  

4  585 

Marias  and  Quebrada  Larga  

Guanajibo  

1,032 

Ovejas,  Casev  arriba,  and  Rio  Caflas  .  . 
Finales                           

Juan  Alonso  

1  041 

Leguisamo  

1  228 

870 

Cabo  Ro  jo  district           . 

16,154 

Marina  Meridional  

1  611 

Marina  Septentrional 

2  934 

Bajura 

1,218 
1,185 
1,074 
867 
2,976 
2,011 
2,019 
2,060 
2,744 

Mavaguez  arriba 

2  187 

Boqueron                 .           

Miradero  

1  268 

Guanajibo  

Mona,  island  

6 

Llanos  Co«ta 

Montoso 

988 

Llanos  Tuna  

Quebrada  Grande  

1  035 

Miradero 

Quemado 

952 

Monte  Grande  

Rio  

1  722 

Pedernales 

Rio  Can  as  abajo 

1  095 

Pueblo  

Rio  Caflas  arriba  and  Naranjaies.  .  . 

.       1,048 
1  072 

Hormigueros  district  

3,215 

Rosario  .  . 

852 

Sabalos 

2  365 

Hormigueros  and  Jaguita  

965 
1,047 
1,203 

Sabanetas  . 

1  401 

Lavaderoand  Benavente 

Salud 

1  726 

Pueblo  and  Guanajibo 

10  560 

Lajas  district 

8,789 

Machuchal 

999 

Candelaria  

1,008 
1,256 
1,152 
1,160 
875 
1,385 
938 
1,015 

Pueblo  

2  531 

Costa  and  Parguera  

Ravo 

1  222 

Lajas  arriba  

Rincon 

1  244 

Palmarejo  and  Llanos  

Santana  

921 

Paris    

Susua  and  Torre 

1  755 

Pueblo 

1  888 

San  German  district 

Santa  Rosa  and  Plata  

20  246 

Cain  alto  .  . 

Las  Marias  district  

11,279 

1  643 

Cain  bajo 

942 

Alto  Songo  

885 
1,251 
761 
1,120 
864 
986 
1,255 
1,143 
1,235 
1,007 
772 

Cotui    . 

811 

Anones  

Duev  bajo 

943 

Bucara  bones  

Guama 

1  188 

Buena  vista  

Hoconuco  alto.  . 

943 

Cerrote  

Hoconuco  bajo 

1  047 

Chamorro  and  Espino  

Minillas      

1  657 

Naranjales  and  Furnias  

Pueblo  central  

1  493 

Palma  Escri  ta  

Pueblo  occidental 

821 

Pueblo  and  Maruvilla  

Pueblo  oriental  . 

1  640 

Purisima  Concepcion  

Retire 

983 

Rio  Cafias  

Rosario  alto 

811 

1  027 

Maricao  district 

8,  312 

1  100 

1  13° 

Bnc&rsbonefl  

1,354 

1  .  1  1.". 

1  021 

Indiera  alta  .. 

Tuna  and  Maresua  .  . 

1.044 

8490—00- 


-11 


162 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  III. — Total  population  bywords — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 


TOTAL  POPULATION 203, 191 


Adjuntas  district 19, 484 

Capaes 1 , 266 

Garzas 1, 425 

Guayabo  Dulce •. 1,055 

Guayo  and  Vega  abajo 1, 275 

Guilarte 1, 019 

Juan  Gonzalez  and  I'ortugues 1, 235 

Limani 1,075 

Pellejas 1, 521 

Portillo 1,271 

Pueblo 1,963 

Saltillo 2,098 

Tanama 752 

Vega  arriba 1, 159 

Yahuecas 1, 710 

Yayales 660 


Aibonito  district 8,596 

Algarrobo  and  Llano 1, 226 

Asomante  and  Caonillas 1, 245 

Cuyon 1,027 

NorteandSur 2,085 

Pastos  and  Roble 1,459 

Plata 1,554 


Barranquitas  district 8, 103 

Barrancas 692 

Canabon 1, 117 

Helechal 1,485 

Honduras 862 

Palo  lincado 1,299 

Pueblo 666 

Quebrada  grande 931 

Quebradillas 1, 051 


Barros  district 14, 845 


Ala  de  la  Piedra  and  Oroeovis 1, 403 

Barros 987 

Bauta  abajo 1, 603 

Bermejales 1, 317 

Botijas 891 

Collores  and  Cacaos 1, 588 

Damian  abajo 922 

Damian  arriba 839 

Gate 876 

Pelleias  and  Bauta  arribu 1, 331 

Pueblo 962 

Sabana  and  Mata  de  cana 1, 089 

Saltos • 1, 037 


Coamo  district 15, 144 

Cayales 989 

Coamo  arriba 1, 223 

Cuyon  and  Palmarejo 1, 397 

Ermita 1,400 

Este  and  Oeste 1, 844 

Llanos 1 , 064 

Pasto 1,272 

Pedro  Garcia 1, 697 

Pulguillas 1, 142 

San  Ildefonso 1, 252 

Santa  Catalina 1, 864 


Guayanilla  district 9, 540 

Barrero  and  Macan:i 1, 154 

Indios  and  Boca 782 

Jaguii  and  Coiii •<•.!<  • 1,162 

Llano  and  Quebradas 977 

Magas  and  Playa 962 

Pasto ..." 1, 276 

Pueblo 973 

QucbradH-lxinda  uidJagua-PagfeD 1,467 

Sierra  baja 787 


Juana  Diaz  district 27, 896 

Annuelas l,  010 

Capitenejo 1, 338 

Caonilla  abajo 1, 558 

Caonilla  arriba 2, 200 

Cintrona 1, 132 

Collores 2, 835 

Este  and  Oeste 941 

Guayabal 2, 034 

Hato-Puerco  abajo 991 

Hato-Puerco  arriba 1, 496 

Jacaguas  and  Callado 936 

Lomas  and  Sabana  Liana 938 

Norte  and  Sur 1, 305 

Rio  Can  as  abajo 1,066 

Rip  Cafias  arriba 990 

Tijeras  and  Emajagual 1, 005 

Vacas l,  841 

Villalba  abajo 1, 363 

Villalba  arriba 2, 917 


Pefiuelas  district 12, 129 

Barreal 922 

Cuevas  and  Tallaboa  Salieute 940 

Encarnacion  and  Goto 1, 271 

Jagua 971 

Macana l,  025 

Pueblo 1, 129 

Quebrada  Ceiba 1, 006 

Rucio 2, 233 

-    Santo  Domingo 812 

Tallaboa  alta 946 

Tallaboa  Poiiiente 874 


Ponce  district 55. 477 

Anon i,  734 

Barrio  primero 1, 592 

Barrio  segundo 5, 866 

Barrio  tercero 1, 808 

Barrio  cuarto 3, 364 

Barrio  quinto 4, 511 

Bucana- Vayas l,  315 

Caja  de  Muerto-<  i  island) 64 

Canas 2, 680 

Cantera 5, 321 

Capitanejo 1, 161 

Cerrillos 51  s 

Coto-Laurel l .  s*  i 

Guaraguaos 1.771 

Machuelo  abajo l .  B99 

Machuelo  arriba l .  1 1 :; 

Magueyes 1.171 

Maraguez 1, 756 

Maruefio 1, 105 

Montes  Llanos 964 

Playa 4, 660 

Portugues 1, 050 

Quebrada  Limon 547 

Real 1, 440 

Sabanetas 1, 065 

San  Anton 963 

San  Patricio 1, 217 

Tibes 1, 878 

Institutions 7tit; 


Santa  Isabel  district 4,858 

Boca, Velazquez, and  IH-scalalirado...  1,033 

Felicia  No.  1  and  No.  2 1, 130 

Jauca  No.  1  and  No.  2 1, 553 

Pueblo  and  Playa ; 1, 142 


Yauco  district 27, 119 


Aguas  Blancas l,  170 

Algarrpbos 952 

Almacigo  bajo 793 

1,432 


POPULATION    OF    CITIES. 


163 


TABLK  III. — Total  population  by  wards — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE— Continued. 


Yauc-o  district — Continued. 

Coilores 893 

Duey 1,264 

Frailes 919 

Guanica 2,700 

Insua  alta  and  Ciego  Hernandez 1, 171 

Insua  baja 811 

.laeann  and  Almacigo  alto 1,077 

Xanmjo 1,358 


Yauco  district — Continued. 

Pueblo  Norte 

Pueblo  Sur 

Quebradas 

Rancheras 

Rio  Prieto 

Rnbias 

Sierra  alta 

Vegas  and  Caimito 


3,564 

2,544 

1,009 

1,220 

799 

627 

1,411 

1.405 


TABLE  IV. — Total  population  of  dtif*. 


City. 

Department. 

Popula- 
tion. 

Adjuntas                                         

Ponce  

1,963 

Aguadilla  .                         .... 

1,135 

Aguadilla 

do  

6,425 

Guayama                                       .  . 

1  309 

Ponce                             

2,085 

Mavaguez  

2,483 

Arecibo 

8  008 

Guavama..                      

2,137 

Bavamon                                                

Bavamon  

2,218 

Arecibo                                           .  . 

1  459 

Cabo  Rojo  

Mavaguez  

2,744 

Cairua*                                                     

Guavama  

5,450 

Carolina              

Bavamon  

2,177 

('aver                                                              

Guavama  

3,763 

Ceiba 

Humacao 

1  214 

Ciales 

Arecibo           .                           .  .. 

1,356 

Cidra                                                    

Guavama  

1,034 

Ponce 

3  244 

Comerio 

Guavama                                           .           .  .. 

1,191 

Corozal                                            

Bavamon  

1,057 

•  Humacao 

3,414 

Guayama 

Guavama                            .     

5,334 

Gurabo    .                                             

<io  

1,309 

Humacao 

Humacao 

i   4°S 

Juana  Diaz 

Ponce  

2,246 

Juncos  

Guavama  

2,026 

Lajas  

Mavaijuez          

1,385 

Lares  

Aguadilla  

3,714 

Manati  .  .. 

Arecibo 

4  494 

Maunabo  

Hnmarao              ,                      ,  ,          ...... 

1,277 

Maricao.  . 

Mavaguez 

1  179 

Mavaguez  

do  

15  187 

Moca  

Aguadilla 

1  470 

Morovis  

Arecibo  

1  064 

Naguabo  . 

Humacao 

1  812 

Patillas  

do  

1  590 

Penuelas 

Ponce 

1  129 

Ponce  

do  

27  952 

Quebradillas 

Arecibo 

1  166 

Rincon  

Agiiartillfl. 

1  074 

Rio  Grande  

Ttevnmon 

1  285 

Rio  Piedras  

do  

2  249 

Sabana  Grande  

Mavaguez 

2  531 

Salinas  

Guavama  

1  192 

SaT>  German  

Mavaguez 

3  954 

San  Juan  

Bavamon  

32  048 

San  Lorenzo  

Guavama  

2,084 

San  Sebastian  

Aguadilla        

1  700 

Santa  Isabel  

Ponce 

1  142 

Tea.  t>aja  

Bavamon 

1  300 

Trujillo.  alto  

".do  

1  025 

I'tuado  

Arecibo 

3  619 

Vegaalta  

Bavamon      

1  081 

Vega,  baja  

do 

2  288 

Vieques  

Humacao      

2  646 

Yabucoa  

do  !.. 

1  838 

Yauco.  .  . 

I'olK'f  .. 

6.108 

164  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF   POETO    RICO,   1899. 

TABLE  V. — Sex,  general 


\ 

2 
1 

1 
5 
6 
7 

8 

Department. 

All  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

Aguadilla 

99,645 
162,906 

160,046 
111,986 
88,501 
127,566 
203,191 

49,224 
80,901 
78,229 
55,  216 
43,984 
62,750 
101,957 

50,421 
81,407 
81,817 
56,770 
44,517 
64,816 
101,234 

84,563 
123,601 
74,210 
56,041 
40,  246 
80,564 
118,784 

41,776 
61,264 
35,901 
27,  619 
19,846 
39,826 
59,282 

42,787 
62,347 
38,309 
28,  fJ-J 
20,400 
40,939 
59,502 

735 
1,458 
4,018 
764 
559 
1,480 
2,403 

587 
1,121 
3,097 
653 
449 
1,099 
1,886 

148 
337 
921 
111 
110 
381 
517 

Arecibo  

Bavamon 

Gunvama 

Humacao  

Ma  yaguez  

Ponce  

Porto  Rico.. 

953,243 

472,  261 

480,982 

578,009 

285,303 

292,706 

11,417 

8,892 

2,525 

DEPARTMENT 


1 

2 

:: 
-1 

5 
6 

7 

B 

District, 

All  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

Aguada  

10,581 
17,830 
14,888 
20,883 

12,410 
6,641 
16,412 

5,228 
8,580 
7,146 
10,483 
6,244 
3,344 
8,199 

5,353 
9,250 
7,742 
10,400 
6,166 
3,297 
8,213 

8,849 
13,432 
12,892 
18,252 
10,941 
5,644 
14,553 

4,389 
6,473 
6,206 
9,114 
5,543 
2,825 
7,226 

4,460 
6,959 
6,686 
9,138 
5,398 
2,819 
7,327 

41 
219 
82 
277 
17 
17 
82 

32 
179 
54 
231 
12 
16 
63 

y 

40 
28 
46 
5 

1 
19 

Aguadilla 

Isabela  

Lares      

Rincon 

San  Sebastian  .  .  . 

The  depart- 
ment   

99,645 

49,224 

50,421 

84,563 

41,776 

42,787 

735 

587 

148 

DEPARTMENT 


1 

Arecibo  

36,910 

18,403 

18,507 

25,453 

12,681 

12,772 

417 

323 

94 

•2 

•; 

Barceloneta  
Camuy  

9,357 
10,887 

4,724 
6,271 

4,633 
5,616 

5,255 

9,  747 

2,617 
4,724 

2,638 
6,023 

66 
154 

49 
90 

17 
64 

4 

Ciales 

18,  115 

9  074 

9  041 

13  942 

6,863 

7,079 

148 

131 

17 

B 

Hatillo           

10,449 

5,164 

5,285 

8,590 

-1  •'!•:. 

4,385 

131 

80 

61 

fi 

Manati            

l:;  '.'-.' 

6,864 

7,125 

7,955 

3,876 

4,079 

140 

112 

28 

7 

Morovis  

11,309 

5,672 

5,637 

9,197 

4,578 

4,619 

39 

3-T 

4 

8 
q 

Quebradillas  
Utuado           .... 

7,432 
43,860 

3,579 
22,150 

3,853 
21,710 

6,611 
36,851 

3,183 

18,527 

3,428 
18,324 

66 
307 

30 
271 

26 

36 

1" 

The  depart- 
ment   

162,308 

80,901 

81,407 

123,601 

61,254 

62,347 

1,458 

1,121 

337 

DEPARTMENT 


J 

Bayamon  

19,940 

9,722 

10,218 

9,866 

4,778 

5,088 

330 

239 

91 

•' 

Carolina    

11  965 

5  915 

6,050 

4,578 

2,310 

2,268 

100 

84 

16 

•; 

Corozal  

il  :*^ 

6,574 

5,934 

7,286 

3,533 

3,753 

66 

48 

8 

Dorado  

3,804 

1,882 

1,922 

1,019 

500 

5*9 

41 

26 

15 

5 

Loiza  

l-j  602 

6,287 

6,235 

6,487 

2,798 

2,689 

57 

50 

7 

| 

Nunuijito 

8  101 

4  026 

4,075 

6,308 

3,148 

3,160 

30 

98 

5 

7 
8 
9 

Rio  Grande  
Rio  Piedras  
San  Juan  

12,866 

13,760 

::j  "I- 

6,110 
6,688 
15,100 

6,256 
7,072 
16,948 

4,903 
4,993 
12,391 

2,387 
•-'.  888 

6,541 

2,516 
2,605 
6,850 

71 
231 

•J.S7-J 

60 
190 
2,190 

11 
41 

682 

in 

Toa  Alta 

7  908 

3,963 

3,945 

1,887 

•J.  4---1 

2,536 

29 

26 

3 

11 

Toa  Baja  

4,030 

2,038 

1,992 

912 

445 

467 

47 

37 

10 

12 

u 

Trujillo  Alto  
Vega  Alta 

6,683 
6,107 

2,821 
3,011 

2,862 
3,0% 

1,459 

1/J41 

1.  BO 

l.  •_'.»»; 

35 
19 

27 
16 

8 
3 

l  i 

Vega  Baja.      

10,305 

6,092 

5,213 

6,055 

2,922 

3,133 

100 

79 

21 

16 

The  depart- 
ment   

160,046 

78,229 

81,817 

71,210 

35,901 

38,309 

4,018 

3,097 

921 

SEX,   NATIVITY,   AND    RACE. 


165 


icltii,  <nid  race. 


Negro. 

Mixed. 

Chinese. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

rotal, 

Males. 

Females. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

2  953 

1  414 

1  539 

11  394 

5  447 

5  947 

1 

4  305 

2  195 

2  110 

32  931 

16  318 

16,  613 

13 

13 

? 

20,160 

7  (V'O 

9,722 
3  861 

10,438 
3  759 

61,628 
47  552 

29,481 
23  074 

32,  147 

24  478 

30 
9 

28 
9 

2 

8 
4 

8  562 

4  368 

4  194 

39  134 

19,  321 

19,  813 

B 

5,966 

'.I.V-'t 

2,815 
4,747 

3,151 
5,077 

39,547 
72,166 

19,206 
36,031 

20,341 
36,135 

9 
14 

5 
11 

4 
3 

0 

7 

59.390 

29,122 

30,268 

304,352 

148,  878 

155,474 

75 

66 

9 

8 

OF  AGUADILLA. 


Negro. 

Mixed. 

Chinese. 

' 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

530 

263 

267 

1  161 

544 

617 

1 

1,018 

458 

560 

3  161 

1,470 

1,691 

? 

416 

205 

211 

1  498 

681 

817 

s 

238 

118 

120 

2  116 

1  020 

1,096 

4 

273 

137 

136 

1  179 

552 

627 

5 

182 

90 

92 

798 

413 

385 

6 

2% 

143 

153 

1  481 

767 

714 

7 

2,953 

1,414 

1,539 

11,394 

5,447 

5,947 

8 

OF  ARECIBO. 


1,819 

903 

916 

9  216 

4  491 

4  725 

5 

5 

1 

274 

133 

141 

3,762 

1,925 

1,837 

•> 

319 

148 

171 

667 

309 

358 

•i 

173 

% 

77 

3,852 

1,984 

1,808 

4 

164 

86 

78 

1,564 

793 

771 

5 

812 

448 

364 

5,  078 

2,424 

2,654 

4 

4 

r, 

160 

81 

79 

1,913 

978 

935 

7 

136 

65 

71 

629 

301 

328 

8 

448 

235 

213 

6,250 

3,113 

3,137 

4 

4 

9 

4,305 

2,195 

2,110 

32,931 

16,318 

16,  613 

13 

13 

10 

OF  BAYAMOX. 


1,633 

826 

807 

8,109 

3,877 

4,232 

2 

2 

1 

2,822 

1,363 

1,459 

4,465 

2,158 

2,307 

2 

364 

662 

172 
334 

192 
328 

3,797 
2,082 

1,818 
1,022 

1,979 
1,060 

5 

3 

2 

8 

4 

2.  457 

1,197 

1,260 

4.  521 

2,242 

2,279 

(S 

256 

128 

128 

1,507 

725 

782 

6 

996 

502 

494 

6,  395 

3,161 

8,284 

7 

2,806 

1,406 

1,400 

5,728 

2,702 

3,026 

2 

2 

8 

5,236 

2,245 

2OQ1 

11,529 

5,104 

6,425 

20 

20 

<) 

430 

237 

193 

2,462 

1,249 

1,213 

in 

922 

478 

444 

2,149 

1,078 

1,071 

11 

171 

240 

231 

2,279 

1,095 

1,184 

1" 

185 

100 

85 

3,  375 

1,653 

1,722 

i 

1 

18 

920 

494 

426 

8,280 

1,597 

1,633 

1! 

20,160 

9,722 

10,438 

61,628 

29,481 

32,147 

30 

28 

2 

US 

166 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


TABLE  V. —>'../-.  ;/<;,,',-<il 

DEPARTMENT 


District. 

All  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

Aguas  Buenas  .  .  . 
Arroyo 

7,977 
4,867 
19,857 
14,442 
7,552 
8,249 
12,  749 
8,700 
8,429 
5,731 
13,433 

3,868 
2,294 
9,840 
7,103 
3,775 
4,129 
6,146 
4,391 
4,176 
2,964 
6,530 

4,109 
2,573 
10,017 
7,339 
3,777 
4,120 
6,603 
4,309 
4,253 
2,767 
6,903 

3,325 
1,286 
8,902 
9,142 
6,557 
5,140 
6,339 
2,510 
5,579 
2,087 
5,174 

1,602 
608 
4,413 
4,455 
3,250 
2,561 
3,102 
1,281 
2,754 
1,093 
2,500 

1,723 
678 
4,489 
4,687 
3,307 
2,579 
3,237 
1,229 
2,825 
994 
2,674 

36 
59 
163 
116 
32 
27 
138 
25 
53 
59 
56, 

32 
43 
136 
104 
30 
24 
115 
23 
50 
50 
46 

4 
16 
•11 
12 
2 
3 
23 
2 
3 
9 
10 

(_':  l  JM  in  s       

Cayey  

Cidra  

Comerio 

Guayama  

Gurabo  

juncos 

Salinas 

San  Lorenzo  

The  depart- 
ment   

111,986 

.55,216 

56,770 

56,041 

27,619 

28,422 

764 

653 

111 

DEPARTMENT 


Fajardo  

16,782 

8,129 

8,653 

9,880 

4,793 

5,087 

108 

83 

25 

Humacao  

14,  313 

7,099 

7,214 

5,964 

2,924 

3,040 

146 

125 

21 

Maunabo 

6,221 

3,106 

3  115 

1  717 

867 

850 

20 

19 

1 

Naguabo    . 

10,  873 

5,388 

5,485 

6,585 

3  220 

3  365 

45 

36 

9 

Patillas      

11,163 

5,589 

5,574 

5,334 

2,692 

2,642 

33 

29 

4 

Piedras  

8,602 

4,283 

4,319 

3,881 

1,954 

1,927 

23 

22 

1 

Vieques 

6  642 

3,407 

3,235 

2  545 

1  252 

1  293 

138 

% 

42 

Yabucoa  

13,905 

6,983 

6,922 

4,340 

2,144 

2,196 

46 

39 

7 

The  depart- 
ment   

88,501 

43,984 

44,  517 

40,246 

19,846 

20,400 

559 

449 

110 

DEPARTMENT 


1 

Afiasco  

13,  311 

6,551 

6,760 

10,499 

5,172 

5,327 

56 

48 

8 

2 

Cabo  Rojo 

16  154 

8  015 

8  139 

12  864 

6  348 

6  516 

58 

46 

13 

3 

1 

Hormigueros  
Lajas  

3,215 

8,789 

1,602 
4,382 

1,613 
4,407 

1,894 
6  709 

969 
3,348 

925 
3,361 

23 
33 

19 

29 

4 

4 

5 
6 

Las  Marias  

M  arii  'a  u 

11,279 
8  312 

5,692 
4  220 

5,587 
4  092 

8,771 
5  744 

4,388 
2  898 

4,383 
2  846 

106 
162 

86 
127 

20 
35 

7 

Mavaguez  . 

35  700 

17  049 

18  651 

22  176 

10  719 

11  457 

897 

635 

262 

8 

'(MyofMaya- 
guez  

15,187 

6,765 

S,422 

5,334 

3,773 

If,  561 

16k 

5S1 

M 

9 

u 

Sabana  Grande.. 
San  German  

10,560 
20,246 

5,291 
9,948 

6,269 
10,298 

3,036 
8,871 

1,509 
4,274 

1,527 
4,597 

32 

113 

28 
82 

4 

31 

11 

The  depart- 
ment   

127,566 

62,750 

64,816 

80,564 

39,625 

40,  939 

1,480 

1,099 

381 

DEPARTMENT 


^ 

Adjuntas  

19,484 

9,872 

9,612 

15,261 

7,584 

7,677 

251 

228 

23 

? 

Aibonito  

>  .".'.Hi 

4,489 

4,107 

5,780 

2,945 

2,835 

94 

86 

8 

1 

Barranquitas  
Barros  .  . 

8,103 

14,845 

4,013 
7,527 

4,090 
7,318 

5,587 
11,131 

2,781 
5,  (ilH 

2,806 
5,513 

15 
38 

14 
29 

1 

9 

-, 

Coamo  

15,144 

7,584 

7,560 

7,  216 

3,634 

3,582 

67 

49 

18 

I'l 

7 

X 

Guayanilla  
Juana  Diaz  
Pe  nu  el  as 

9,540 
27,  896 
12,  129 

4,842 
14,093 
6,152 

4,698 
13,803 
5,977 

2,985 
17,332 
7,022 

1,516 
8,776 
3,532 

1,469 
8,556 
3,490 

70 
155 
66 

55 
127 
46 

15 

28 
9 

I 

Ponce  ... 

55,  477 

27,  587 

27,890 

31,253 

15,575 

15,  678 

L,3H 

997 

361 

10 
11 

12 

City  oj  I'n  nr/  . 
Santa  Isabel  
Yauco  

t7,oce 

4,858 
27,  119 

IS,  Iff7 
2,494 
13,304 

lit,  755 
2,364 
13,815 

U.M8 

1,606 
13,  611 

6,764 
797 
6,524 

7,504 
809 
7,087 

i,m 

32 
268 

sa 

27 

228 

335 
5 
40 

13 

The  depart- 
ment   

203,191 

101,957 

101,234 

118,784 

59,282 

69,502 

2,403 

1,886 

517 

<KX,   NATIVITY,   AND    RACE. 


167 


)><ttii-it>/,  nii'l  i-tici' — Continued. 

OF  GUAYAMA. 


Negro. 

Mixed. 

Chinese. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

Total. 

Mai-. 

Females. 

Total. 

Males. 

Females. 

66 

33 

33 

4  550 

2  201 

2  349 

757 

380 

377 

•'  7ti."> 

1  263 

1,502 

1  116 

544 

572 

9  676 

4,747 

4,929 

749 

396 

353 

4  430 

2  143 

2,287 

.-> 

5 

877 

302 

275 

386 

193 

193 

163 

86 

77 

2  915 

1  454 

1,461 

4 

4 

1  015 

470 

543 

5  257 

2  457 

2,800 

1  375 

729 

646 

4  790 

2,358 

2  432 

538 

•'77 

261 

2  259 

1,095 

1,164 

803 

414 

389 

2,782 

1,407 

1,375 

461 

228 

233 

7  742 

3,756 

3,986 

7  620 

3  861 

:,  T.'.'i 

47  552 

23,  074 

24,  478 

9 

9 

OF  HUMACAO. 


1,594 

T.Vi 

839 

5,200 

2,498 

2,702 

1,580 

772 

808 

6,623 

3,345 

1,080 

546 

534 

3,404 

l,r>7! 

1,730 

880 

465 

415 

3,363 

1,667 

1,696 

519 

269 

250 

5,277 

2,599 

2,678 

598 

302 

2% 

4,100 

2,005 

2,095 

1,036 

605 

431 

2,923 

1,464 

1,469 

1,275 

654 

621 

8,244 

4,146 

4,098 

8,562 

4,368 

4,194 

39,134 

19,  321 

19,  813 

OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


722 

357 

305 

'.'72              1,060 

•2                   2 

1 

441 

215 

226              2,  791 

1,407              1,384 

9 

206 

96 

111               1,092 

519                  573 

•} 

209 

98 

111               1  ,  >:;s 

907                  931 

4 

361 

178 

183              2,  041 

1.040              1,001 

5 

209 

115 

94              2,  197 

1,080  '            1,117 

(i 

2,687 

1,381 
584 

1,164 

515 
320 

1,523              9,933 

866              Itjll 
•>M              6,908 

4,528              5,405 

1,963              8,753 
3,434              3,474 

7                   3 
7                   3 

4 

U 

7 

8 
g 

:.I7 

273 

274             10,  715 

5,319              5,396 

10 

5,966 

2.  815 

3,151  ,          39,547 

19,206            20,341 

9                   5 

4 

11 

OF  PONCK. 


42 

27 

i:. 

3,930 

2,033 

1,897 

300 

170 

130 

•J.  422 

1,288 

1,134 

436 

198 

238 

2,065 

1,020 

1,045 

371 

194 

177 

3,303 

1,684 

1,619 

2 

2 

561 

290 

271 

7,300 

3.611 

:;.  i;y.i 

245 

131 

111 

1).  "40 

3,140 

3,100 

2,  113 

• 

1.028 

sjaM 

4,10o 

4,191 

284 

147 

181 

4,768 

••'.  -127 

2,341 

4,485 

•2.  019 
1,040 

2.4M 

1,514 

18,  374 
9,914 

8,990 
4,540 

9,384 
5,403 

i 

6 

6 

1 

547 

281 

9M 

2.  1.7:-; 

l,W 

1,284 

440 

205 

235 

12,  795 

6,344 

6,451 

6 

3 

2 

9,824 

4,747 

5,077 

72,166 

36,031 

36,135 

14 

11 

3 

168 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO   RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  VI.—  Percentages  by  se.r. 
PORTO  RICO. 


Department. 

Total  population. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Aguadilla 

49.4 
49.8 
48.9 
49.3 
49.7 
49.2 
60.2 

50.6 
50.2 
51.1 
50.7 
50.3 
60.8 
49.8 

49.4 
49.6 
48.4 
49.3 
49.3 
49.2 
49.9 

50.6 
50.4 
51.6 
50.7 
50.7 
50.8 
50.1 

79.9 
76.9 
77.1 
85.5 
80.3 
74.3 
78.5 

20.1 
23.1 
22.9 

14.5 
19.7 
25.7 
21.6 

47.8 
49.7 
47.9 
48.8 
49.7 
48.4 
49.7 

52.2 
50.3 
52.1 
51.2 
50.3 
51.6 
50.3 

Arecibo  .           

Bayamon  

Humacao 

Mavaguez  

Ponce  

Total 

49.5 

50.5 

49.4 

50.6 

77.9 

22.1 

48.9 

51.1 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA. 


District. 

Total  population.        Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

Males. 

Females 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Aguada  

49.4 
48.1 
48.0 
50.2 
50.3 
50.4 
50.0 

50.6 
61.9 
52.0 
49.8 
49.7 
49.6 
50.0 

49.6 
48.2 
48.1 
49.9 
50.7 
60.1 
49.7 

50.4 
51.8 
51.9 
50.1 
49.3 
49.9 
50.3 

78.0 
81.7 
65.9 
83.4 
70.6 
94.1 
76.8 

22.0 
18.3 
34.1 
16.6 
29.4 
5.9 
23.2 

47.7 
46.1 
46.3 
48.3 
47.5 
61.3 
51.2 

52.3 
53.9 
53.7 
51.7 
52.  5 
48.7 
48.8 

Aguadilla 

Isabela 

Lares              

Moca  .  

Rincon  

San  Sebastian 

Total  

49.4 

50.6 

49.4 

-     50.6 

79.9 

20.1 

47.8 

52.2 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 


Arecibo  

49.9 

30.1 

49.8 

50.2 

77.5 

22.5 

48.9 

51.1 

Barceloneta 

50.5 

49.5 

49.8 

50.2 

74.2 

25  8 

51  0 

49  0 

family 

48.4 

51.6 

48.5 

51  5 

58.4 

41  6 

46.3 

53  7 

Ciales"  

50.1 

49.9 

49.2 

50.8 

88.5 

11  5 

51.7 

48.3 

Hatillo 

51.7 

48.3 

49  0 

51  0 

61  0 

39  0 

50  9 

49  1 

Manati 

49.1 

50.9 

48.7 

51.3 

80  0 

20  0 

48  8 

51  2 

Moro  vis  

50.2 

49.8 

49.8 

50.2 

89.7 

10.3 

51.1 

48  9 

Quebradillas 

48.2 

51  8 

48  1 

51  9 

53  6 

46  4 

47  8 

52  2 

Utuado 

50.5 

49.5 

50  3 

49  7 

88  3 

11  7 

50  0 

50  0 

Total 

49  8 

50  2 

49  6 

50  4 

76  9 

23  1 

49  7 

50  3 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 


Bayamon  . 

48.8 

51.2 

48.4 

51  6 

72  4 

27  6 

48  3 

51  7 

Carolina  

49.4 

50.6 

50.5 

49.5 

84.0 

16  0 

48  3 

51  7 

Corozal  

48.4 

51.6 

48.5 

51.5 

85.7 

14  3 

47  8 

52  2 

Dorado 

49  5 

50  5 

49  1 

50  9 

63  4 

36  6 

49  4 

50  6 

Loiza 

50.2 

49.8 

51.0 

49  0 

87.7 

12.3 

49  3 

50  7 

Naranjito  . 

49.7 

50.3 

49.9 

50.1 

83  3 

16.7 

48  4 

61.6 

Rio  Grande   
Rio  Piedras  

49.4 
48.6 

50.6 
51.4 

48.7 
47.8 

51.3 
52.2 

84.5 
82.2 

15.5 
18.8 

49.6 
48.1 

50.4 
51  9 

San  Juan 

47  1 

52.9 

44.7 

55.3 

76.3 

23.7 

43.9 

56.1 

Toa  Alta 

50.1 

49.9 

49.1 

50.9 

89.7 

10.3 

51.4 

48.6 

Toa  Baia  

50.6 

49,4 

48.8 

51.2 

78.7 

21.3 

50.7 

49.3 

Trujillo  Alto  

49.6 

50.4 

50.3 

49.7 

77.1 

22.9 

48.5 

51.5 

Vega  Alta.           .  .  . 

49.3 

50.7 

49.1 

50.9 

84.2 

15.8 

49.3 

50  7 

Vega  Baja  

49.4 

60.6 

48.3 

51.7 

79.0 

21.0 

50.4 

49  6 

Total 

48.9 

51.1 

48.4 

51.6 

77.1 

22.9 

47  9 

52  1 

SEX,   NATIVITY,   AND    RACE. 


169 


TABLE  VI. — Percentages  by  sex — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 


District. 

Total  population. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

\guasBuenas       

48.5 
47.1 
49.6 
49.2 
50.0 
50.1 
48.2 
50.5 
49.5 
51.7 
48.6 

51.5 
52.9 
50.4 
50.8 
50.0 
49.9 
51.8 
49.5 
50.5 
48.3 
51.4 

48.2 
47.3 
49.6 
48.7 
49.6 
49.8 
48.9 
51.0 
49.4 
52.4 
48.3 

51.8 
52.7 
50.4 
51.3 
50.4 
50.2 
51.1 
49.0 
50.6 
47.6 
51.7 

88.9 
72.9 
83.4 
89.7 
93.7 
88.9 
83.3 
92.0 
94.3 
84.7 
82.1 

11.1 
27.1 
16.6 
10.3 
6.3 
11.1 
16.7 
8.0 
5.7 
15.3 
17.9 

48.4 
46.7 
49.0 
49.1 
51.4 
50.1 
46.7 
50.1 
49.1 
50.8 
48.6 

51.6 
53.3 
51.0 
50.9 
48.6 
49.9 
53.3 
49.9 
50.9 
49.2 
51.4 

Arrovo  

Caguas 

('UV'V    

Cidra 

Comerio 

Juncos      

Salinas  

San  Lorenzo  

Total  

49.3 

50.7 

49.3 

50.7 

85.5 

14.5 

48.8 

51.2 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 


Fajardo  

48.4 

51.6 

48.5 

51.5 

76.9 

*M 

47.9 

52.1 

Humacao  .        

49.6 

50.4 

49.0 

51.0 

85.6 

14.4 

49.4 

50.6 

Maunabo 

49.9 

50.1 

50.5 

49.5 

95.0 

5.0 

49.5 

50.5 

Naguabo 

49.6 

50.4 

48.9 

51.1 

80.0 

20.0 

50.2 

49.8 

Patillas  .           

50.1 

49.9 

50.5 

49.5 

87.9 

12.1 

49.5 

50.5 

piedras 

49.8 

50.2 

50.3 

49.7 

95.7 

4.3 

49.1 

50.9 

Vieques           

51.3 

48.7 

49.2 

50.8 

69.6 

30.4 

52.0 

48.0 

Yabucoa  

50.2 

49.8 

49.4 

50.6 

84.8 

15.2 

50.4 

49.6 

Total 

49.7 

50.3 

49.3 

50.7 

80.3 

19.7 

49.7 

50.3 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


Afiasco  

49.2 

50.8 

49.3 

50.7 

85.7 

14.3 

48.3 

51.7 

Cabo  Rojo 

49  6 

50  4 

49  3 

50  7 

77  6 

22  4 

50  2 

49  8 

Hormigueros 

49.8 

50.2 

51.2 

48.8 

82.6 

17.4 

47.3 

52  7 

Lajas  

49.9 

50.1 

49.9 

50.1 

87.9 

12.1 

49.1 

50.9 

Lii*  Marias 

60  5 

49.5 

50  0 

50  0 

81  1 

18.9 

50  7 

49  3 

Maricao 

50  8 

49  2 

50  5 

49  5 

78  4 

21  6 

49  7 

50  3 

Mavaguez 

47.8 

52.2 

48  3 

51  7 

70  8 

29  2 

45  1 

54  9 

Sabana  Grande  
San  German  

50.1 
49  1 

49.9 
50  9 

49.7 
48  2 

50.3 
61  8 

87.5 
72  6 

12.5 
27  4 

50.1 

49  7 

49.9 
50  3 

Total... 

49.2 

50.8 

49  2 

50  8 

74  3 

25  7 

48  4 

51  6 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 


Adjuntas  .... 

60.7 

49  3 

49  7 

50  3 

90  8 

9  2 

51  9 

48  1 

Aibonito  ,  

52.2 

47.8 

51.0 

49  0 

91  5 

8  5 

53  § 

46  4 

Barranquitas 

49  5 

50  5 

49  g 

50  2 

93  3 

6  7 

48  7 

51  3 

Barros  

50.7 

49.3 

50  5 

49  5 

76  3 

23*7 

51  1 

48  9 

Coamo 

50  1 

49  9 

50  4 

49  6 

73  1 

26  9 

49  6 

50  4 

Guavanilla 

50.7 

49  3 

50  8 

49  2 

78  6 

21  4 

50  4 

49  6 

50  5 

49  5 

50  6 

49  4 

81  9 

18  1 

49  9 

50  1 

Pefiuelas 

50.7 

49  3 

50  3 

49  7 

83  6 

16  4 

51  0 

49  0 

Ponce  

49.7 

50  3 

49.8 

50  2 

73  4 

26  6 

48  2 

61  8 

City  of  Po, 
Santa  Isabel  

A7.2 
51.3 

52.8 
48.7 

Ul.lt 
49  6 

.-.,'.  n 
50  4 

71.7 
84  4 

HI  4 

15  6 

U.7 
51  9 

55.  S 
48  1 

Yauco  ... 

49.1 

50  9 

47  9 

52  1 

85  1 

14  9 

49  5 

50  5 

Total  

50.2 

49  8 

49  9 

50  1 

78  6 

21  5 

49  7 

50  3 

170 


REPOET    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  VII. — Percentages  by  nativity  and  race. 
PORTO  RICO. 


Aguadilla , 
Arecibo. . . 
Bayamon . . 
Guavama. 


Total. 


Department. 


84.9 
76.2 
46.4 
50.0 

Humacao 45. 5 

Mayaguez 63. 2 

Ponce 58.4 


Native 
white. 


60.6 


Foreign 
white. 


0.7 
0.9 
2.5 
0.7 
0.6 
1.1 
1.2 


1.2 


Colored. 


14.4 
22.9 
51.1 
49.3 
53.9 
n:>.  7 
40.4 


38.2 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA. 


District. 


Native 
white. 


Foreign 

white. 


Colored. 


Aguada. 83.6 

Aguadilla 75.3 

Isabela 86.6 

Lares 87.4 

Moca 88.2 

Rincon I  85.0 

San  Sebastian I  88. 7 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 

Arecibo 69. 0 

Barceloneta 56. 2 

Camuy 89.5 

Ciales 77.0 

Hatillo 82. 2 

Manati 56.9 

Morovis 1 81. 4 

Quebradillas 89.0 

Utuado 84.0 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 

Bayamon 49. 5 

Carolina 38. 3 

Corozal 63. 3 

Dorado 26. 8 

Loiza 43. 8 

Naranjito 77.9 

Rio  Grande 39.6 

RioPiedras 36.3 

San  Juan 3; .  7 

Toa  Alta 63. 1 

ToaBaja , 22.6 

TrujilloAlto 51.0 

Vega  Alta 41 . 4 

VegaBaja 58.7 


0.4 
1.2 
0.5 
1.3 
0.1 
0.2 
0.5 


16.0 
23.5 
12.9 
11.3 
11.7 
14.8 
10.8 


1.1 
0.7 
1.4 
0.8 
1.3 
1.0 
0.3 
0.7 
0.7 


29.9 
43.1 
9.1 
22.2 
16.5 
42.1 
18.3 
10.3 
15.3 


1.6 
0.8 
0.5 
1.1 
0.5 
0.3 
0.6 
1.7 
8.9 
0.3 
1.2 
0.6 
0.3 
1.0 


48.9 

a.  9 

36.2 
72.1 
55.7 
21.8 
59.8 
62.0 
52.4 
36.6 
76.2 
48.4 
58.3 
40.3 


NATIVITY    AND    RACE. 


171 


TABLE  VII. — Percentages  by  nativity  and  race — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 


District. 


Native      Foreign 
white.       white. 


Colored. 


Aguas  Bm-nas 41. 7 

Arroyo 26.4 

<  'ajruas 48. 4 

Cnvoy 63.3 

Ciiini 86.8 

Coincrio 62.3 

Guayama 49.7 

Gurabo - 28. 8 

June-OS 66.2 

Salinas 36.4 

San  Lorenzo 38. 5 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HOIACAO. 

i 

Fajardo 58.9 

Humacao 41.7 

Maunabo 27.6 

Naguabo 60. 6 

Patillas I  47.8 

Piedras I  45. 1 

Vieques 38. 3 

Yabucoa 31. 2 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 

A  fiasco 78. 9 

CaboRojo... 79.6 

Hormigueros 68. 9 

Lajas 76. 3 

Lai  Marias 77.8 

Marh-ao 69. 1 

Mayaguez -. 62. 1 

Sabana  Grande 28. 7 

San  German 43. 8 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 

Adjnntas 78. 3 

Aibonito 67. 2 

Barranquitas 68. 9 

Barros 75. 0 

Coamo 47. 7 

(.iua vanilla 31. 3 

Juaria  Diaz 62. 1 

I  Viiuelas 57. 9 

Ponce 56. 3 

City  of  Ponce 51. 0 

Santa  Isabel 33. 1 

Yauco 50. 2 


0.4 
1.2 
0.8 
0.8 
0.4 
0.3 
1.1 
0.3 
0.6 
1.0 
0.4 


57.9 
72.4 
54.4 
35.9 
12.8 
37.4 
49.2 
70.9 
33.2 
62.6 
61.1 


0.6 
1.0 
0.3 
0.4 
0.2 
0.3 
2.1 
0.3 


40.5 
57.3 
72.1 
39.0 
52.0 
54.6 
59.6 
68.5 


0.4 
0.4 
0.7 
0.4 
0.9 
2.0 
2.5 
0.3 
0.6 


20.7 
20.0 
40.4 
23.3 
21.3 
28.9 
35.4 
71.0 
55.6 


1.3 
1.1 
0.2 
0.2 
0.4 
0.7 
0.6 
0.4 
2.5 
£.£ 
0.6 
1.0 


20.4 
31.7 
30.9 
24.8 
51.9 
68.0 
37.3 
41.7 
41.2 
U.8 
66.3 
48.8 


172 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  VIII. — Ay?  ai>rf 

PORTO  Rico. 


Department. 

Total 
popu- 
lation. 

Age  and  sex. 

Under  5  years. 

5  to  17  years. 

18  to  20  years. 

21  to  44  years. 

45  years  and  " 
over. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Aguadilla 

99,645 
162,308 
160,046 
111,986 
88,501 
127,566 
203,191 

8,320 
13,207 
12,786 

9,485 
7,456 
9,558 
15,  962 

7,851 
12,606 
12,586 
9,189 
7,131 
9,167 
15,099 

17,049 
28,360 
27,048 
19,537 
15,419 
20,928 
34,497 

16,  717 
28,028 
26,666 
19,000 
14,  619 
20,760 
33,776 

3,  155 
5,375 
5,239 
3,596 
2,774 
4,374 
7,065 

3,800 
6,384 
5,904 
4,398 
3,245 
5,171 
7,914 

14,730 
25,141 
24,044 
16,282 
12,659 
20,005 
32,602 

15,909 
25,  tv_v, 
26,523 
17,740 
13,907 
21,199 
32,752 

5,970 
8,818 
9,  112 
6,316 
5,676 
7.  886 
11,831 

6,144 

10,  149 
6,443 
5,615 
8,519 
11,693 

Arecibo  .                

BayRTnon  ,    ,  

Guayama.          

Humacao      

Ponce  

Porto  Rico  

953,243 

76,774 

73,629 

162,838 

159,555 

31,  578 

36,816 

145,463 

153,656 

55,608 

57,  326 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA. 


District. 

Total 
popu- 
lation. 

Age  and  sex. 

UnderS  years. 

5  to  17  years. 

18  to  20  years. 

21  to  44  years. 

45  years  and 
over. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Aguada 

10,581 
17,830 
14,888 
20,888 
12,410 
6,641 
16,412 

941 
1,403 
1,262 
1,712 
1,024 
644 
1,334 

873 
1,395 
1,194 
1,617 
949 
558 
1,265 

1,749 
2,873 
2,440 
3,566 
2,299 
1,219 
2,903 

l,-778 
2,900 
2,502 
3,501 
2,143 
1,118 
2,775 

348 
552 
418 
654 
3% 
209 
578 

354 
677 
525 
852 
466 
226 
700 

1,515 
2,619 
2,062 
3,414 
1,806 
888 
2,426 

1,665 
3,034 
2,525 
3,305 
1,856 
984 
2,541 

675 
1,133 
964 
1,137 
719 
384 
958 

683 
1,L'44 
9% 
1,125 
753 
411 
932 

Aguadilla  

Isabela  

Lares  

Moca       

Rincon  

San  Sebastian  

The  department. 

99,645 

8,320 

7,851 

17,049 

16,717 

3,155 

3,800 

14,730 

15,909 

5,970 

6,144 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 


Arecibo            

36,  910     2,  755 
9,  357         773 
10,887        869 
18,115     1,534 
10,449        910 
13,989     1,053 
11,309     1,009 
7,432  ,      618 
43,860  |  3,686 

2,664 
755 
818 
1,538 
861 
986 
991 
609 
3,384 

6,149 
1,601 
1,863 
3,308 
1,818 
2,439 
2,114 
1,224 
7,844 

6,058 
1,562 
1,924 
3,280 
1,875 
2,405 
1,981 
1,257 
7,686 

1,321 
300 
322 
602 
327 
459 
390 
221 
1,433 

1,475 
330 
442 
686 

:;77 
549 
449 
311 
1,765 

5,993 
1,522 
1,559 
2,778 
1,523 
2,105 
1,570 
1,079 
7,012 

5,984 
1,469 
1,757 
2,723 
1,605 
2,312 
1,637 
1,218 
6,921 

2,185 
BBS 
658 
852 
586 
808 
689 
437 
2,  175 

•2,  326 
517 

675 
814 
567 
873 
579 
458 
1,954 

Camuy  

Ciales  

Hatillo  

Manati            

Morovis  

Quebradillas 

Utuado 

The  department. 

162,308   13,207 

12,606 

28,360 

28,028 

5,375 

6,384 

25,141 

25,626 

8,818 

8,763 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 


Ba  vamon 

19,940 

1,614 

1,579 

3,327 

3,253 

624 

760 

2,980 

3,341 

1,177 

1  •>.=. 

Carolina  

11,965 

1,031 

1,026 

2,153 

2,031 

368 

448 

1,623 

1,802 

740 

743 

Corozal  

11,508 

1,014 

1,037 

2,178 

2,208 

356 

449 

1,461 

1,680 

565 

560 

Dorado 

3,804 

300 

310 

,685 

613 

106 

98 

548 

615 

243 

286 

Loiza  

12,522 

1,160 

1,150 

2,225 

2,088 

390 

408 

1,765 

1,881 

747 

708 

Naranjito  

8,101 

662 

623 

1,535 

1,465 

295 

317 

1,101 

1,260 

433 

410 

Rio  Grande 

12,365 

1,094 

1  129 

2,263 

2,214 

383 

389 

1,660 

1,884 

710 

639 

Rio  Piedras  

13,760 

1,185 

1,169 

2,287 

2,218 

420 

490 

1,929 

2,218 

867 

977 

San  Juan  

32,048 

1,649 

1,724 

4,248 

4,638 

1,311 

1,408 

6,239 

6.608 

1,653 

2,670 

Toa  Alta 

7,908 

760 

708 

1,458 

1  365 

218 

262 

1,119 

1,211 

408 

399 

Toa  Baia   .           .     . 

4,030 

325 

291 

757 

676 

129 

125 

563 

632 

264 

an 

Trujillo  Alto  

5,683 

595 

676 

1,053 

956 

151 

185 

739 

860 

283 

285 

Vega  Alta  

6,107 

544 

474 

1,051 

1,077 

167 

241 

857 

932 

392 

372 

Vega  Baja  

10,305 

853 

790 

1,828 

1,853 

321 

324 

1,460 

1,599 

630 

647 

The  department. 

160,046 

12,786 

12,586 

27,048 

26,  655 

5,239 

5,904 

24,044 

26,523 

9,112 

10,  149 

AGE    AND    SEX. 


173 


TABLE  VIII.—  Age  and  sex — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA.    ' 


District. 

Total 
popu- 
lation. 

Age  and  sex. 

Under  5  years. 

6  to  17  years. 

18  to  20  years. 

21  to  44  years. 

45  years  and 
over. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Aguas  Buenas  

7,977 
4,867 
19,857 
14,442 
7,552 
8,249 
12,  749 
8,700 
8,429 
5,731 
13,433 

753 
349 
1,673 
1,098 
621 
698 
932 
819 
786 
476 
1,280 

688 
326 
1,608 
1,134 
608 
725 
948 
832 
698 
418 
1,204 

1,398 
802 
3,489 
2,445 
1,346 
1,559 
2,122 
1,564 
1,396 
1,022 
2,394 

1,415 
797 
3,256 
2,396 
1,257 
1,432 
2,125 
1,454 
1,429 
1,009 
2,430 

226 
169 
664 
455 
237 
267 
3% 
256 
289 
208 
429 

307 
205 
830 
568 
300 
337 
504 
314 
307 
205 
521 

1,111 
646 
2,855 
2,295 
1,140 
1,192 
1,907 
1,304 
1,215 
884 
1,733 

1,254 
847 
3,098 
2,384 
1,194 
1,201 
2,208 
1,293 
1,364 
880 
2,017 

380 
328 
1,159 
810 
431 
413 
789 
448 
490 
374 
694 

445 
398 
1.225 
857 
418 
425 
818 
416 
455 
255 
731 

Arroyo  

Cayey      

Cidra      

Guavama    

Salinas        

The  department. 

111,986 

9,485 

9,189 

19,537 

19,000 

3,596 

4,398 

16,282 

17,740 

6,316 

6,443 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 


Fnjardo 

16,782 

1,411 

1,369 

3,001 

2,913 

448 

583 

2,220 

2,658 

1,049 

1,130 

Humacao  

14,313 

1,198 

1,066 

2,365 

2,269 

486 

582 

2,154 

2,338 

8% 

959 

6,221 

514 

495 

1,082 

1,039 

185 

207 

906 

953 

419 

421 

Naguabo  

10,  873 

898 

876 

2,062 

1,944 

318 

390 

1,404 

1,633 

706 

642 

Patillas 

11,163 

951 

881 

1,973 

1,875 

373 

436 

1,579 

1,727 

713 

655 

Piedras        

8,602 

791 

785 

1,554 

1,384 

255 

346 

1,120 

1,256 

563 

548 

6,642 

496 

528 

1,052 

1,014 

218 

199 

1,133 

1,090 

508 

404 

Yabucoa 

13,905 

1,197 

1,131 

2,330 

2,181 

491 

502 

2,143 

2,252 

822 

856 

The  department. 

88,501 

7,456 

7,131 

15,419 

14,  619 

2,774 

3,245 

12,659 

13,907 

5,676 

5,615 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


Afiasco  13,311 

1,035 

1,054 

2,241 

2,220 

418 

498 

2,056 

2,169 

801 

819 

Cabo  Rojo                     in  ir>! 

1,322 

1  238 

2,759 

2,667 

543 

625 

2,366 

2,556 

1,025 

1,053 

Hormigueros            .  .     3,  215 

243 

250 

523 

498 

107 

107 

483 

474 

246 

284 

Lajas                                  *•  7s'  i 

727 

703 

1,499 

1,514 

294 

360 

1,256 

1,286 

606 

544 

La*  Marias  ..                   1  i/JTH 

916 

886 

1,933 

1,886 

390 

460 

i.soa 

1,740 

653 

615 

Maricao                          8,  312 

646 

636 

1,398 

1,321 

314 

360 

1,437 

1,405 

425 

370 

Mavaguez  .in,  700 
CityofMai/<t<i>"  . 
Sabana  Grande  10,560 
San  German                '  20,246 

2,356 
770 
876 
1,437 

2,225 
780 
769 
1,406 

5,386 
2,071 
1,856 
3,333 

5,611 
2,331 
1,836 
3,207 

1,228 
542 
358 
722 

1,526 
737 
406 
829 

5,982 
2,590 
1,569 
3,056 

6,641 
5  250 
1,627 
3,301 

2,097 
792 
632 
1,400 

2,648 
1,32,4 
631 
1,555 

The  department  .  127,  566 

9,558 

9,167 

20,928 

20,760 

4,374 

5,171 

20,005 

21,199 

7,885 

8,519 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 


Adjuntas  19,484 

1,542 

1,467 

3,559 

3,352 

611 

764 

3,211 

3,076 

949 

953 

Aibonito                           8,  596 

662 

652 

1,569 

1  488 

392 

331 

1,423 

1,224 

443 

412 

Barranquitas  8,  103 

723 

699 

1,424 

1,426 

267 

289 

1,116 

1,217 

483 

459 

Burro*                             It  S4.r> 

1  376 

1  276 

2  745 

2  640 

513 

585 

2  125 

2  115 

768 

702 

Coamo  15.144 

1,426 

1,223 

2,687 

2,720 

517 

548 

2,140 

2,286 

814 

783 

Guavanilla                       9  540 

821 

712 

1  650 

1  614 

310 

337 

1  403 

1  442 

658 

593 

Juana  Diaz                     '"7  8% 

9  331 

2  185 

4  870 

4  697 

999 

1  004 

4  221 

4  316 

1  672 

1  601 

IViiiK'lus                          li>  129 

1  090 

932 

2  189 

2  091 

423 

452 

1  708 

1  790 

742 

712 

Ponce               .                -V),  477 

3  591 

3  550 

8  419 

8  255 

1,964 

2,275 

10  250 

10,  146 

3  363 

3  664 

City  oj~  Pom-'  
Santa  Isabel  .  .                 4,  858 

1,519 
405 

1,435 
366 

.!.s.."< 

836 

4,050 
804 

996 
155 

1,300 
179 

5,349 
783 

5,835 
771 

1,509 
315 

2,105 
244 

Yauco                             '27  119 

1  995 

2  037 

4  549 

4  689 

914 

1  150 

4  222 

4  369 

1  624 

1  570 

The  department.  /JO;;.  191 

15,  962 

15,099 

34,497 

33,776 

7,065 

7,914 

32,602 

32,  752 

11,831 

11,693 

174  REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


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185 


TABLE  X.—  Xaflrlti/. 
PORTO  RICO. 


Department. 

Total 
population. 

Porto 
Rico. 

Spain.        COUE 

tries 

Unknown. 

99,645 

98,867 

522             2 

56    .. 

162,308 

160.765 

1,254             2 

89    

160,046 

155,306 

2,700          2,0 

39                       1 

111,986 

111,082 

575              J 

29    

88,501 

87,263 

348              8 

89                       1 

127,566 

125,887 

946              ' 

33    

Ponce  

203,191 

200,201 

1,345  1        1,6 

42                       3 

Porto  Rico        

953,243 

939,371 

7,690          6,1 

77                       5 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA. 


District. 

Total 
population. 

Porto 
Rico. 

Spain. 

Other 
coun- 
tries. 

Unknown. 

10,581 

10,536 

35 

10 

17,830 

17,585 

127 

118 

n,sv> 

14,802 

72 

14 

20,883  ' 

20,600 

.     187 

96 

12,  410 

12,390 

16 

4 

6,641 

6,624 

10 

7 

- 

16,  412 

16,330 

75 

7 

99,645 

98.867 

522 

256 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 


36,910 

36,454 

325 

131 

9,357 

9,289 

60 

8 

10,887 

10,731 

140 

16 

Ciftles 

18,  115 

17,965 

141 

9 

Hutillo 

-    10,  449 

10,  315 

127 

7 

13,989 

13,830 

120 

39 

11,309 

11,270 

33 

6 

7  432 

7,373 

53 

6 

43,860 

43,538 

255 

67 

162  308 

160  765 

1.2*4 

•K., 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 


19,940 

19,557 

239 

144 

11  965  • 

11  830 

86 

49 

11,508 

11,451 

52 

5 

Dorado                                                        

3,804 

3,747 

38 

19 

12  522  i 

12  4.M 

50 

18 

8,101 

8,070 

28 

3 

Rio  Grande                                     

12,365  i 

12.2-> 

56 

21 

13,760 

13,504 

181 

75 

32,048 

28,622 

1,780 

1,645 

1 

Toa  A  Ha 

7,908 

7,876 

22 

10 

4,030 

3,982 

34 

14 

Trujillo  \lto 

5  683 

5,648 

28 

7 

6,107 

6,082 

14 

11 

Vega  Baja        

10,305 

10,195 

92 

18 

The  department  .  .  . 

160.046 

155.306 

2.700 

2.039 

1 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 


Agtias  Buenas       .                                   

7,977 

7,941 

33 

3 

Arrovo 

4  867 

4  778 

29 

60 

(,'aguns    

19,857 

19,681 

128 

48 

(  'avev 

14  44° 

14  300 

86 

56 

Cidra  .... 

7  552 

7,  519 

31 

2 

Oomerii  <  

8,249 

8,222 

2fi 

1 

Gu  a  vain  a. 

12  749 

12  584 

93 

7" 

G  ura  bo  

8,700 

8,672 

23 

5 

Juncos 

8  429 

8  376 

50 

3 

Salinas  . 

5  731 

5,636 

26 

69 

13  433 

13  373 

50 

10 

The  department. 


111,986  :     111,082 


329 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    POBTO    KICO,    1WW. 


TABU:   X. — Xtitiriti/ — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT   OF   HUMACAO. 


District. 

Total 
population. 

Porto 
Rico. 

Spain. 

Other 
coun- 
tries. 

Unknown. 

16,  782 

16,  616 

66 

100 

14,  313 

14,143 

104 

65 

1 

Maunabo                                

6,221 

6,187 

12 

22 

10,  873 

10,794 

31 

48 

Patillas                                                

11,  163 

11,  119 

18 

26 

8,602 

8,577 

22 

3 

Vieques              .           

6,642 

5,986 

53 

603 

13,905 

13,841 

42 

22 

The  department            

88,501 

87,263 

348 

889 

] 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


Aflasco                         .        

13,  311 

13,  248 

45 

18 

Cabo  Rojo     

16,154 

16,069 

36 

49 

Hormigueros  .....'.  

3,215 

3,190 

20 

5 

Lajas  

8,789 

8,752 

18 

19 

Las  Marias                            

11,279 

11,168 

90 

21 

Maricao    .              

8,312 

8,150 

93 

69 

Mayaguez  

35,700 

34,658 

563 

479 

15  187 

U,  298 

liBIt 

425 

Sabana  Grande                      

10,  560 

10,528 

14 

18 

San  German                

20,  246 

20,  124 

67 

55 

The  department 

127,566 

125,887 

946 

733 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 


Adjuntas     .              

19,484 

19,229 

178 

76 

1 

Aibonito  

8,5% 

8,495 

52 

49 

Barranquitas 

8,103 

8,088 

15 

Barros 

14,845 

14,804 

22 

18 

1 

Coamo       

15,144 

15,  071 

38 

34 

1 

Guayanilla  .•  

9,540 

9,461 

33 

46 

Juana  Diaz 

27,896 

27,  728 

84 

84 

Pefluelas  . 

12,129 

12,066 

23 

40 

Ponce             .           

55,477 

53,605 

771 

1,101 

City  of  Ponce  

27,  952 

26,  SS2 

647 

973 

Santa  Isabel 

4,858 

4,813 

17 

28 

Yauco 

27,  119 

26,841 

112 

166 

The  department  

203,  191 

200,201 

1,345 

1,642 

3 

NATIVITY     BY    SEX    AND    KACE. 

TAHLK   XI.  —  ^\<iliril;/  l>i/  .-,•/./•  nml  mi;  . 


187 


PORTO  RICO. 


Sex  and  rare. 

Total. 

Porto 
Rico. 

Other 
West  In- 
dies. 

Spanish 
America. 

United 
States. 

Spain. 

Other 
Europe. 

Other 
coun- 
tries. 

Total  population  

953,243 

939,  371 

1,693 

348 

1,069 

7,690 

2,433 

639 

472,  261 

461,993 

906 

165 

788 

6,333 

1,627 

449 

Females  

480,962 

477,378 

787 

183 

281 

1,357 

806 

190 

White... 

•><.',  12f, 

578,004 

712 

281 

972 

7,638 

1,539 

280 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA. 


Males 

294,  195 

285,  299 

349 

136 

701           6,290 

1,184 

236 

Female*      .   . 

...     295,231 

292,705 

363 

145 

271           1,348 

355 

44 

Colored        .     .   . 

...      363,  817 

361,367 

981 

67 

97                52 

894 

359 

Males 

178,066 

176,  694 

557 

29 

87                43 

443 

213 

Females 

185  751 

184,  673 

424 

38 

10                  9 

451 

146 

Total  99,  645 

98,867 

64 

33 

12 

522 

70 

77 

Males                             49,224 

48,609 

43 

17 

7 

419 

67 

62 

Females  50,421 

50,258 

21 

16 

5 

103 

3 

15 

White         85,298 

84,563 

44 

32 

11 

520 

68 

60 

Males                  .         42,363 

41,77(i 

24 

16 

6 

417 

67 

57 

Females                      42,935 

42,  787 

20 

16 

5 

103 

1 

3 

Colored  14,347 

14,304 

20 

1 

1 

2 

2 

17 

Males      6,861 

6,833 

19 

1 

1 

2 

5 

Females                       7,  486 

7  471 

1 

2 

12 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 


Total 

162,  308 

160  765 

49 

38 

23 

1  254 

121 

58 

Males 

80  901 

79  728 

32 

25 

14 

970 

86 

46 

Females  . 

81,407 

81  037 

17 

13 

9 

284 

35 

12 

White       

125,  059 

123,601 

33 

34 

23 

1  244 

104 

°0 

Males     

62  375 

61  254 

23 

22 

14 

963 

80 

19 

Females 

62  684 

62  347 

10 

12 

9 

281 

24 

j 

Colored  

37,  249 

37,164 

16 

4 

10 

17 

38 

Males  

18,  526 

18  474 

9 

3 

_ 

6 

37 

Females  

18,728 

18,690 

7 

1 

3 

11 

11 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 


Total    

160,046 

155  306 

563 

105 

680 

2  700 

471 

221 

Males  

78  229 

74  719 

272 

53 

513 

2  214 

302 

156 

Females  

81,817 

80,587 

291 

52 

167 

'486 

169 

65 

White  

78,228 

74  209 

279 

87 

619 

2  685 

258 

91 

Males  

38  998 

35  900 

128 

44 

459 

2  202 

191 

74 

Females 

39  230 

38  309 

151 

43 

160 

483 

67 

17 

Colored 

81  818 

81  097 

284 

•18 

61 

15 

213 

130 

Males 

39  231 

38  819 

144 

9 

-4 

12 

111 

82 

Females  

42,  587 

42.  27S 

140 

9 

7 

3 

102 

48 

188 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 
TABLE  XI. — Xnlirifi/  hi/  xex  and  race — Continued. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  GDAYAMA. 


Sex  and  race. 

Total. 

Porto 
Rico. 

Other 
West  In- 
dies. 

Spanish 
America. 

United 

States. 

Spain. 

Other 
Europe. 

Other 
coun- 
tries. 

Total                  ;  

111,986 

111,082 

82 

17 

63 

575 

102 

86 

Males 

55,  216 

54,465 

56 

49 

516 

79 

•  ; 

Females 

56,770 

56,617 

26 

10 

14 

59 

23 

21 

White. 

56,805 

66,041 

29 

13 

49 

570 

74 

29 

Males 

28,  272 

27,  619 

15 

5 

35 

511 

61 

26 

Females  

28,533 

28,422 

14 

8 

14 

59 

13 

3 

Colored  

55,181 

55,041 

53 

4 

14 

5 

28 

36 

Males 

26,944 

26  846 

41 

2 

1-1 

5 

18 

18 

Females  

28,237 

28,195 

12 

2 

10 

18 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 


Total  '      88,501 

87,263 

562 

13 

19 

348 

235 

61 

Males       43,984 

43,109 

345 

5 

13 

807 

166 

88 

Females  44,517 

44,154 

217 

8 

6 

41 

69 

22 

White                    40,  805 

40,  245 

78 

9 

17 

346 

96 

14 

Males  .  .  .                     20,  295 

19,845 

45 

4 

12 

305 

75 

9 

Females                      20,510 

20,400 

33 

5 

5 

41 

21 

5 

Colored    47,  696 

47,018 

484 

4 

2 

2 

139 

47 

Males                          23,  689 

23,264 

300 

1 

1 

2 

91 

30 

Females  24,007 

23,754 

184 

3 

] 

48 

17 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


Total  

127,566 

125,887 

146 

66 

88 

946 

391 

42 

Males 

62,  750 

61,579 

•      57 

26 

55 

771 

239 

23 

Females  

64,816 

64,308 

89 

40 

33 

175 

152 

19 

White 

82  044 

80  564 

107 

41 

84 

940 

298 

10 

Males 

40,  724 

39,625 

47 

17 

51 

7(15 

210 

9 

Females  

41,320 

40,  939 

60 

24 

33 

175 

88 

1 

Colored 

45  522 

45  323 

39 

25 

4 

»> 

93 

32 

Males  

22,026 

21,954 

10 

9 

4 

t 

29 

14 

Females 

23  496 

23  369 

29 

16 

64 

18 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 


Total  

203,  191 

200,201 

227 

76 

184 

1,345 

1,043 

115 

Males  

101,957 

99,784 

101 

32 

137 

1,136 

688 

79 

Females 

101,234 

100,417 

126 

44 

47 

209 

355 

36 

White  

121,  187 

118,  781 

142 

65 

169 

1,333 

641 

56 

Males 

61,168 

59,280 

67 

28 

124 

1,127 

500 

42 

Females 

60,019 

69,  501 

75 

37 

45 

206 

141 

14 

Colored 

82,004 

81,420 

85 

11 

15 

12 

402 

59 

Males  

40,  789 

40,504 

34 

4 

13 

9 

188 

37 

Females           ... 

11,215 

40,916 

51 

7 

2 

3 

214 

22 

NATIVITY    BY    SEX    AND    RACE. 
TABLE  XI. — Nativity  by  sex  and  race — Continued. 

CITY  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


189 


Sex  mid  race. 

Total. 

Porto 
Rico. 

Other 
West  In- 
eies. 

Spanish 
America. 

United 
States. 

Spain. 

Other 
Europe. 

Other 
coun- 
tries. 

Total 

15,187 

14,298 

99 

33 

78 

464 

206 

9 

Mules 

6,7ft} 

6,205 

31 

6 

49 

369 

102 

3 

Females      

s.  1±.» 

8,093 

68 

27 

29 

95 

104 

6 

White 

9,088 

8,334 

70 

19 

76 

459 

129 

1 

Males 

4,294 

3,773 

24 

4 

47 

364 

81 

1 

4  794 

4  561 

46 

15 

29 

95 

48 

Colored  

6,099 

5,964 

29 

14 

2 

5 

77 

8 

Males            

2,471 

2,  432 

7 

2 

2 

5 

21 

2 

3  628 

3,532 

22 

12 

56 

6 

CITY  OF  PONCE. 


Total 

27,  952 

26,332 

174 

51 

129 

647 

561 

58 

Males 

13  197 

12,160 

70 

22 

91 

514 

304 

36 

Females 

14,755 

14,  172 

104 

29 

38 

133 

257 

22 

White 

15,450 

14,268 

109 

43 

121 

645 

229 

35 

Males 

7,611 

6,764 

46 

20 

85 

513 

160 

23 

Females  

7,839 

7,504 

63 

23 

36 

132 

69 

12 

Colored  

12,602 

12,064 

65 

8 

8 

2 

332 

23 

Males    

5,586 

5,3% 

24 

2 

6 

1 

144 

13 

Females 

6  916 

6  668 

41 

6 

2 

1 

188 

10 

CITY  OF  SAN  JUAN. 


Total                                    32  048 

28  622 

435 

78 

631 

1  780 

350 

152 

Males                          15  100 

12  599 

211 

44 

476 

1  439 

225 

106 

Females  16,948 

16  023 

224 

34 

155 

341 

125 

46 

White  .         15,263 

12  390 

205 

63 

572 

1  769 

191 

73 

Males...         .              7,731 

5  540 

95 

37 

424 

1  431 

146 

58 

Females                       7  532 

6  850 

110 

26 

148 

338 

45 

15 

Colored                             16  785 

16  232 

230 

15 

59 

11 

159 

79 

Males  7,369 

7  059 

116 

7 

52 

g 

79 

48 

Females  ....              9  416 

9  173 

114 

g 

7 

3 

80 

31 

190 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


TABLE  XII. — Mulix  ,.'1  •</<'"(••-•  <>f  ".'/•  "//</  '»/•,•/-, 

-I'MMAKY  BY 


Department. 

Whites  born  in  Porto  Rico. 

Whites  l>oni  in  Spain. 

Total. 

Can 

neither 
read 
nor 
write. 

Can 
read 
but  can 
not 
write. 

Can 
read 
and 
write. 

With 
supe- 
rior 
educa- 
tion. 

Total. 

Can 
neither 
read 
nor 
write. 

Can 
read 

but  can 
not 
write. 

Can 
Iread 
and 

write. 

With 
supe- 
rior 
educa- 
tion. 

Porto  Rico         

120,295 

84,898 

1,305 

31,779 

2,313 

5,662 

644 

37 

4,586 

395 

Aguadilla  
Arecibo  

17,497 
25,195 
14,645 
11,508 
8,328 
17,  611 
25,511 

13,  813 
19,547 
9,440 
7,844 
5,841 
11,432 
16,981 

158 
238 
221 
123 
80 
174 
311 

3,459 
5,233 
4,487 
3,338 
2,187 
5,307 
7,768 

67 
177 
497 
203 
220 
698 
451 

412 
887 
1,862 
481 
287 
697 
1,036 

64 
191 
148 
26 
14 
79 
122 

1 

8 
17 
4 

1 
1 
5 

331 
658 
1,567 
427 
228 
524 
851 

16 
30 
130 
24 
44 
93 
58 

Bayamon  
Guayama  
Humacao  
Mayaguez  
Ponce  

SUMMARY  BY 


District. 

Whites  born  in  Porto  Rico. 

Whites  born  in  Spain. 

Total. 

Can 
neither 
read 
nor 
write. 

Can 
read 
but  can 
not 
write. 

Can 
read 
and 
write. 

Writh 
supe- 
rior 
educa- 
tion. 

Total. 

Can 
neither 
read 
nor 
write. 

Can 

read 
but  can 
not 
write. 

Can 
read 
and 
write. 

With 
supe- 
rior 
educa- 
tion. 

17,497 

13,813 

158 

3,459 

67 

412 

64 

1 

331 

16 

Aguada  

1,863 
2,808 
2,617 
3.  8<i7 
2,264 
1,085 
2,993 

1,566 
1,950 
2,024 
3,107 
1,863 
933 
2,370 

29 
19 
32 
23 
15 
14 
26 

264 
815 
556 
721 
382 
135 
586 

4 
24 
5 
16 
4 
3 
11 

25 
94 
47 
173 
11 
9 
53 

4 

12 
18 
20 
1 

20 
77 
28 
146 
9 
8 
43 

1 
5 
1 

7 
1 
1 

Aguadilla  
Isabela 

Lares          .  .  . 

Moca          

Rincon  

San  Sebastian 
Arecibo             

9 

1 

25,  195 

19,547 

238 

5,233 

177 

887 

191 

8 

658 

30 

Arecibo  

6,514 
1,139 
1,941 
2,  707 
1,681 
1,626 
1,724 
1,338 
7,525 

4,021 
797 
1,547 
2,199 
1,304 
1,255 
1,358 
986 
6,080 

72 
15 
8 
15 
15 
•J4 
20 
16 
53 

1,346 
323 
364 
484 
357 
321 
339 
330 
1,369 

75 
4 
22 
9 
5 
26 
7 
6 
23 

238 
35 
79 
111 
74 
87 
29 
28 
206 

34 
6 
45 
6 
41 
8 
1 
15 
'    35 

2 
2 
1 

189 
26 
29 
104 
32 
73 
27 
12 
166 

13 
1 
4 
1 

Barceloneta  .  . 
Camu  y  

Ciales  

Hatillo  

1 

Manati  • 

6 
1 

1 
3 

Morovis 

Quebradillas  . 
Utuado  

2 

14,645 

9,440 

221 

4,487 

497 

1,862 

148 

17 

1,567 

130 

Bayamon  
Carolina  
Corozal  

1,981 
910 
1,283 
218 
1,087 
1,200 
987 
1,014 
2,513 
990 
200 
574 
506 
1,182 

1,419 
652 
1,000 
VJ1 
825 
995 
692 
639 
588 
747 
95 
402 
364 
901 

22 
16 
20 
2 
16 
18 
15 
11 
63 
11 
2 
7 
6 
12 

509 
232 
261 
89 
226 
180 
261 
333 
1,552 
224 
99 
146 
128 
247 

31 
10 
2 
6 
20 
7 
19 
31 
310 
8 

4 
19 
8 
22 

175 
68 
40 
21 
43 
22 
44 
129 
1,177 
17 
30 
22 
12 
62 

19 
5 

146 
59 
39 
12 
33 
19 
38 
110 
998 
14 
29 
20 
7 
43 

10 
2 
1 
2 
5 
2 
2 
10 
88 

2 

Dorado 

7 
5 

Loiza        

Naranjito  
Rio  Grande... 
Rio  Piedras... 
San  Juan  
Toa  Alta  
Toa  Baja  
TrujilloAlto.. 
Vega  Alta  
Vega  Baja  

<  tun  viiina 

1 

4 
9 
77 
3 
1 

14 

2 
2 
4 

3 
15 

11,608 

7,844 

123 

3,338 

203 

481 

26 

4 

427 

24 

Aguas  Buenas 
Arroyo 

653 
283 
1,857 
1,899 
1,330 
1,015 
1,847 
887 
1.M6 
487 
985 

469 
162 
1,128 
1,225 
1,035 
788 
864 
319 
815 
332 
687 

7 
3 
33 
21 
10 
9 
13 
6 
11 
3 
7 

165 
104 
673 
611 
285 
215 
398 
189 
290 
130 
278 

12 
14 
23 
22 

23 
29 
103 
78 
29 
19 
79 
20 
43 
19 
39 

1 

21 
26 
88 
68 
27 
18 
70 
16 
40 
18 
35 

1 
2 
4 
6 
1 

1 

1 

Caguas  

10 
4 
1 
1 
3 
3 
1 
1 
1 

Cavev  

Cidra 

Comerio  ...... 
Guayama  
Gurabo 

8 
73 
18 

a 

22 

13 

6 
1 

Junco1* 

2 

SaMnas 

San  Lorenzo.. 

3 

CITIZENSHIP    OF    MALES    OVER    TWENTY-ONE. 


191 


claxxirifii  by  /'/"<•-  <>f  l>irth.  race, ""</  literacy. 
DEPARTMENTS. 


Whites  born  in  other  countries. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Can 
neither 
read 
nor 
write. 

Can 
read 
but  can 
not 

write. 

Can 
read 
and 

write. 

With 
supe- 
rior 
educa- 
tion. 

Total. 

Can 
neither 
read 
nor 
write. 

Can 
read 
but  can 
not 
write. 

Can 
read 
and 
write. 

With 

supe- 
rior 
educa- 
tion. 

2,104 

158 

11 

1,519 

416 

73,010 

60,434 

1,094 

11,315 

167 

106 
136 
703 
103 
L28 
270 
663 

11 
16 
23 
9 
31 
24 
41 

76 
85 
542 
61 
58 
165 
532 

19 
34 
136 
33 
S3 
79 
82 

2,685 
7,741 
15,946 
10,506 
9,597 
9,312 
17,223 

2,146 
6,762 
12,643 
9,217 
8,357 
7,344 
13,965 

36 
103 
412 
113 
104 
108 
218 

498 
870 
2,848 
1,170 
1,125 
1,809 
2,996 

5 
6 
43 
6 
11 
51 
45 

1 
2 

1 
2 

5 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICTS. 


Whites  born  in  other  countries. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Can  • 
neither 
read 
nor 

write. 

Can 
read 
but  can 

not 
write. 

Can 
read 
and 

write. 

With 
supe- 
rior 
educa- 
tion. 

Total. 

Can 
neither 
read 
nor 

write. 

Can 
read 
but  can 
not 

write. 

Can 
read 
and 

write. 

With 
supe- 
rior 
educa- 
tion. 

106 

11 

76 

19 

2,685 

2,146 

36 

498 

5 

5 

55 
5 
31 

5 
40 
1 
22 

297 
795 
357 
480 
250 
171 
335 

248 
567 
302 
407 
200 
157 
265 

1 
21 
3 
2 
3 
1 
5 

48 
204 
51 
71 
46 
13 
65 

1 
4 
4 

14 

3 
1 

6 

1 

7 

3 

7 
1 

2 

136 

16 

1 

85 

34 

7,741 

6,762 

103 

870 

6 

54 
5 
7 
4 
3 
11 
3 
2 
47 

5 
1 

1 

1 

30 
4 
3 
4 
3 
3 
1 
2 
35 

18 

2,372 
871 
190 
808 
361 
1,189 
403 
148 
1,409 

2,031 
763 
161 
750 
320 
1,023 
363 
123 
1,228 

31 
15 
5 
4 
3 
24 

310 
91 
23 
54 
28 
141 
40 
24 
159 

2 
1 

3 

1 
2 

7 

1 

1 
20 

6 

6 

2 

703 

23 

2 

542 

136 

15,946 

12,643 

412 

2,848 

43 

31 
4 
4 

•j 

3 

2 

20 
3 
4 
2 

2 

9 
1 

1,970 
1,381 
699 
550 
1,379 
312 
1,330 
1,624 
3,593 
517 
594 
426 
728 
843 

1,666 
1,222 
636 
497 
1,176 
288 
1,151 
1,429 
1,771 
476 
489 
3% 
663 
783 

34 
29 
9 
4 
36 
1 
17 
25 
218 
4 
21 
2 
8 
4 

266 
129 
53 
48 
166 
23 
161 
169 
1,573 
37 
83 
28 
56 
56 

4 
1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

9 
29 
609 
3 
.3 

2 

6 
25 
471 
1 
3 

1 
4 
119 

1 
1 
31 

17 
•2 

2 

1 

3 
3 

2 
3 

1 

1 

103 

9 

61 

33 

10,506 

9,217 

113 

1,170 

6 

3 
6 
14 
22 
1 

1 

2 
4 
13 
11 

812 
656 
2,040 
1,106 
211 
571 
1,249 
1,203 
535 
724 
l,89a 

749 
510 
1,824 
942 
195 
528 
987 
1,075 
478 
«       613 
1,316 

9 
13 

24 
13 

54 
132 
192 
150 
16 
43 
234 
115 
53 
104 
77 

2 
1 
6 

1 

5 
1 

1 

21 
2 
2 
28 
4 

16 
1 

1 
10 
3 

5 

26 
12 

7 

2 
1 

1 

1 

1 
17 

1 

1 

192 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


TABLE  XII. — Mulf*  Jl  iitur*  nf  n,/,-  ,//,,/ 

SUMMARY  BY 


District. 

Whites  born  in  Porto  Rico. 

Whites  born  in  Spain. 

Total. 

Can        Can 
neither    read 
read    but  can 
nor    I     not 
write,     write. 

Can 
read 
and 
write. 

With 
supe- 
rior 
educa- 
tion. 

Total. 

Can 

neither 
read 
nor 

write. 

Can 
read 
but  can 
not 
write. 

(  'an 
read 
and 
write. 

With 
supe-" 
rior 
educa- 
tion. 

Humacao       

8,328 

5,841 

80 

2,187 

220 

an 

14              1 

228 

Fajardo  

1,951 
1,236 
404 
1,264 
1,095 
815 
572 
991 

1,361 
729 
261 
1,020 
851 
587 
352 
680 

13 
10 
3 
8 
13 
10 
12 
11 

546 
383 
133 
207 
226 
211 
204 
277 

31 
114 
7 
29 
5 
7 
4 
23 

re 

89 
11 
•Jl 
19 
21 
40 
31 

•J 
2 

1 

42 
58 
9 
21 
18 
20 
32 
28 

7 
29 
2 
2 
1 

Humacao  
Maunabo  

Nagiiabo  

1 

Panllas  . 

Piedras 

1 
7 
1 

Vieques  .  .  . 

1 
2 

Yabucoa  

Mavaguez 

17,  611 

11,432  |        174 

5,307 

698 

697 

79 

1 

524 

93 

Anasco  

2,239 
2,670 
454 
1,447 
1,884 
1,257 
4,932 
725 
2,003 

1,719 
1,766 
317 
1,025 
1,406 
956 
2,702 
361 
1,180 

17 
36 
6 
13 
5 
.  1 
68 
9 
19 

385 
831 
129 
392 
437 
284 
1,826 
305 
718 

118 
37 

17 
36 
16 
336 
50 
86 

39 
27 
15 
17 
65 
69 
403 
12 
50 

3 

6 
2 
1 
5 
4 
48 
4 
6 

22 
19 
10 
14 
52 
61 
307 
6 
33 

11 
9 
3 
2 
8 
4 
47 

a 

11 

Cabo  Rojo  
Honnigueros  ,  . 
Lajas  . 

Marias  

• 

Maricao  

Mayaguez  
Sabana  Grande 
San  German  .  . 

Ponce 

1 

25,511  j  16,981 

311       7,  768 

451 

1,036 

122 

5 

851 

58 

Adjuntas  
Aibonito 

3,090 
1,211 
1,152 
2,152 
1,517 
711 
3,640 
1,446 
7,322 
390 
2,880 

2,394 
841 
823 
1,648 
928 
442 
2,696 
1,015 
4,021 
193 
1,980 

20 
9 
17 
39 
14 
10 
33 
9 
115 
16 

659 
356 
304 
431 
533 
244 
858 
379 
3,010 
161 
833 

17 
6 
- 
34 
42 
16 
53 
43 
176 
20 
38 

140 
46 
12 
21 
26 
25 
65 
22 
564 
16 
99 

4 
2 
2 
5 
5 
1 
8 
2 
83 
2 
8 

123 
43 
9 
14 
18 

53 
13 
453 
14 

13 

1 
1 
2 
3 

Barranquitas  .  . 
Barros  

Coamo 

Guayanilla  .  .  . 
Juana  Diaz  ... 
Pefiuelas 

2 

4 
7 
26 

Ponce 

2 

Santa  Isabel  .. 

1 

1 

CITIZENSHIP   OF   MALES    OVER   TWENTY-ONE. 


193 


Classified  by  place  of  birth,  race,  and  literacy — Continued. 
MUNICIPAL  DISTRICTS— Continued. 


Whites  born  in  other  countries. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Can 
neither 
read 
nor 
write. 

Can 
read 
but  can 
not 
write. 

Can 
read 
and 
write. 

With 
supe- 
rior 
educa- 
tion. 

Total. 

Can 
neither 
read 
nor 
write. 

Can 
read 
but  can 
not 

write. 

Can 
read 
and 
write. 

With 
supe- 
rior 
educa- 
tion. 

123 

31 

1 

58 

33 

9,597 

8,357 

104 

1,126 

11 

23 
22 
7 
11 
9 
1 
47 
3 

6 
3 
1 
3 
1 

11 
4 
5 
6 
7 
1 
23 
1 

6 
15 
1 
1 
1 

1,243 
1,703 
903 
811 
1,169 
846 
982 
1,940 

1,058 
1,436 
841 
745 
1,064 
770 
717 
1,726 

16 
18 
6 
4 
12 
4 
32 
13 

168 
247 
57 
60 
93 
72 
229 
199 

1 

2 

1 

2 

17 

7 
1 

4 
2 

270 

24 

2 

165 

79 

9,312 

7,344 

108 

1,809 

51 

7 
13 
2 
11 
13 
38 
145 
14 
27 

2 
10 
2 
8 
7 
35 
81 
5 
15 

5 
2 

572 
681 
258 
387 
491 
498 
2,599 
1,450 
2,376 

465 
560 
212 
348 
415 
436 
1,647 
1,234 
2,027 

9 
5 
2 

1 
1 

92 
116 
43 
38 
75 
61 
855 
208 
321 

6 

1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
19 

2 
5 
2 
43 
9 
11 

1 
35 

6 
2 

2 

62 
2 

26 

1 

663 

44 

5 

532 

82 

17,223 

13,965 

218 

2,995 

45 

64 
32 

3 
2 

59 

27 

2 
2 

866 
577 
435 
713 
1,390 
1,298 
2,138 
959 
5,402 
684 
2,761 

787 
493 
406 
634 
1,143 
1,132 
1,892 
828 
3,761 
562 
2,327 

2 
1 

73 
83 
28 
68 
224 
161 
222 
119 
1,498 
109 
410 

4 

1 

1 

7 
21 
27 
50 
23 
325 
8 
106 

7 
13 
25 
37 
13 
251 
4 
% 

11 
19 
4 
20 
3 
122 
12 
24 

1 
2 

7 
1 
22 

7 

4 
1 

•     4 
9 
21 
1 

6 
'    9 
49 
4 
3 

3 

6 

1 

8490—00 13 


194  EEPOBT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    EICO,   1899. 

TABLE  XIII. — Conjugal  condition. 

PORTO  RICO. 


Department. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living  to- 
gether as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Aguadilla  

99,645 

68,257 

20  674 

5  385 

5  286 

43 

Arecibo  

162,308 

111,162 

31,027 

11  840 

8  249 

30 

Bayamon  

160,046 

114,476 

24,346 

13  989 

7  204 

31 

111,986 

78  285 

17  031 

11  608 

5  054 

g 

88,501 

61,  739 

11  962 

10  908 

3  825 

67 

Mayaguez  

127,566 

87,294 

22  573 

10  428 

7  180 

91 

Ponce    

203,191 

142,864 

30,957 

20  083 

9  254 

33 

Porto  Rico  

953,  243 

664,077 

158  570 

84  241 

46  052 

303 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA. 


District. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living  to- 
gether as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Aguada  

10,581 

7,060 

2,418 

474 

622 

7 

Aguadilla 

17,830 

12  157 

3  566 

1  189 

916 

2 

Isabela.... 

14,888 

10  465 

2  893 

850 

678 

2 

Lares  

20,883 

14,369 

'     4,067 

1  381 

1  051 

15 

Moca  

12,  410 

8,391 

2,864 

453 

702 

Rincon 

6,641 

4  613 

1  425 

250 

353 

San  Sebastian  

16,412 

11,202 

3,441 

788 

964 

17 

The  department  . 

99  045 

68  257 

20  674 

5  385 

5  286 

43 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 


Arecibo  

36,910 

25,695 

5  671 

3  729 

1  810 

5 

Barceloneta  

9,357 

6,415 

1  755 

737 

448 

2 

Camuy  

10,887 

7,575 

2,412 

324 

676 

Ciales  

18,  115 

12,412 

3,435 

1,334 

931 

3 

Hatillo  

10,449 

7,289 

2,165 

526 

469 

Manati                

13,989 

9,599 

2,407 

1  273 

709 

1 

Morovis  

11,309 

7,812 

2,444 

494 

558 

1 

Quebradillas  

7,432 

4,962 

1,879 

162 

429 

Utuado  

43,860 

29,403 

8,859 

3,261 

2,319 

18 

The  department  

162,  308 

111,  162 

31,027 

11  840 

8,249 

30 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 


Bavamon  

19,940 

13,912 

3,091 

1,945 

983 

9 

Carolina  .          

11,965 

8,643 

1,601 

1,330 

385 

6 

Corozal  

11,508 

8,117 

2,54* 

284 

566 

Dorado 

3  804 

2,672 

471 

483 

178 



Loiza  ... 

12,522 

9,050 

1,657 

1,434 

380 

1 

Naranjito  

8,101 

5,854 

1,577 

284 

375 

11 

Rio  Grande  

12,365 

9,207 

1,669 

1,072 

416 

1 

Rio  Piedras  .                      .... 

13,760 

9,675 

1,950 

1,499 

635 

1 

San  Juan  

32,048 

22,847 

4,594 

2,801 

1,804 

2 

Toa  Alta 

7  908 

5  777 

1,258 

487 

386 

Toa  Baja 

4,030 

2,939 

485 

471 

135 

Trujillo  Alto  

5,683 

4,128 

945 

410 

200 

Vega  Alta 

6,107 

4,332 

920 

576 

279 

Vega  Bajn. 

10,305 

7,323 

1,587 

913 

482 

The  department 

160,046 

114,476 

24,346 

13  989 

7  204 

31 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 
TABLE  XIII. — Conjugal  condition — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 


195 


District. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living  to- 
gether as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

7  977 

5  654 

1  429 

511 

383 

4  867 

3  445 

614 

623 

185 

19,857 

13,  874 

3,096 

1,830 

1,053 

4 

Cavev                 

14,442 

9,918 

2,002 

1,816 

706 

Cidra  

7,552 

5,170 

1,425 

518 

437 

2 

Comerio  

8,249 

5,841 

1,341 

720 

346 

1 

12  749 

8  709 

1  452 

2,125 

463 

Gurabo 

8,700 

6,171 

1,407 

770 

352 

Juntos  

8,429 

5.  s79 

1,172 

984 

393 

1 

Salinas 

5  731 

4,025 

720 

860 

126 

San  Lorenzo  .           ... 

13,433 

9,599 

2,373 

851 

610 

Thf>  dppartmpnt 

111,986 

78,285 

17,031 

11,608 

5,054 

8 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 


Fajardo                                     i         16  782 

11,982 

2,235 

1,848 

716 

1 

Humacao  ....             ...          1         14,  313 

9,862 

1,789 

1,964 

673 

25 

Mauuabo                                    I           6,  221 

4  301 

804 

834 

281 

1 

Naguabo  ...                                    10,  873 

7,756 

1,769 

841 

487 

20 

Patillas  11,163 

7,731 

1,436 

1,544 

451 

1 

Piedras                                                  8,  602 

6,079 

1,309 

848 

366 

Vieques  6,642 

4,539 

688 

1,185 

230 

Yabucoa  13,905 

9,489 

1,932 

1,844 

621 

19 

The  department                      88  501 

61  739 

11  962 

10  908 

3  825 

67 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


Afiasco  i          13,311 

8  949 

2,377 

1  206 

778 

2 

CaboRojo  16,154 

11,166 

2,849 

1,225 

913 

1 

Honnigueros  3  215 

2  155 

578 

270 

211 

1 

Lajas  ....                                          8  789 

6  234 

1  630 

491 

433 

1 

Las  Marias  11,279 

7  655 

1  885 

1  213 

520 

5 

Maricao  8,  312 

5,631 

1,333 

949 

399 

Mavaguez  35  700 

24  383 

5  393 

3  781 

2  098 

45 

City  of  Mayaffitez  15,  187 

10  561 

2    '  " 

1  ItlO 

99! 

g 

Sabana  Grande  10,  560 
San  German  20,  246 

7,  -JX> 
13,841 

2,360 
4  168 

373 
921 

521 
1  307 

26 
9 

The  department                    1°7  566 

87  ->94 

•w  573 

10  428 

7  180 

M 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 


Adjuntas  

19,484 

13  569  ! 

3  535 

1  310              1  061  ' 

g 

Aibonito  

8  5% 

6  158  ! 

1  534 

516                  383  i 

Barranquitas  

8  103 

5  597  ' 

1  933 

170                 402 

1 

Barros  

14  845 

10  369 

3  154 

669                  65° 

Coamo   

15  144 

10  741 

2  472 

1  325                 601  1 

Gua  vanilla  

9,  .540 

6,506 

1,337 

l'288  !               409  1 

Juana  Diaz  

27  896 

19  687 

3  288 

3  957                  961  I 

Pefluelas  

12,129 

8,535 

1,816 

1*269                  509  1 

Ponci'    .... 

55  477 

39  725 

7  159 

5  842              2  745  1 

•'f  Ponce  

£7  95S 

19  986 

5  918 

"  i'T              /  615  ' 

Santa  Isabel  

4,858 

3  371 

665 

641                  180 

1 

Yauco  

27  119 

18  606 

4  064 

3  096              1  351 

The  department  . 

°03  191 

14°  864 

30  957 

20  083              9  254 

196 


KEPOET    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO   RICO,   1899. 
TABLE  XIV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  race,  sex,  and  nativity. 


PORTO  RICO. 


Race,  sex,  and  nativity. 

i 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

All  classes  

953,243 

664,077 

158,570 

84,241 

46,052 

303 

Males                    

472,261 

339,  316 

78,689 

42,  071 

12,023 

162 

Females  

480,982 

324,  761 

79,881 

42,170 

34,029 

141 

Native  white                

578,009 

396,654 

110,  208 

40,  593 

30,355 

199 

Males  

2Sr>,  303 

204,090 

53,089 

20,250 

7,773 

101 

Females  

292,706 

192,564 

67,  119 

20,343 

22,582 

98 

Foreign  white        

11,417 

6,119 

4,540 

807 

941 

10 

Males  

8,892 

4,115 

3,534 

762 

472 

9 

Females  

2.525 

1,004 

1,006 

45 

469 

1 

Colored       

363,817 

262,304 

43,  822 

42,841 

14,756 

94 

Males  

178,066 

131,  111 

22,066 

21,059 

3,778 

52 

Females     ............... 

185,  751 

131,  193 

21,756 

21,782 

10  978 

42 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUAD1LLA. 


All  classes  

99,645 

68,257 

20,674 

5,385 

5,286 

43 

Males                    

49,224 

34,799 

10,295 

2,689 

1  415 

26 

Females  

50,421 

33,458 

10,  379 

2,696 

3,871 

17 

Native  white 

84,563 

57,325 

18,423 

4  091 

4  682 

42 

Males  

41,776 

29,464 

9,011 

2,038 

1  238 

25 

Females                      .... 

42  787 

27  861 

9  412 

2  053 

3  444 

17 

Foreign  white  

735 

295 

343 

38 

69 

Males  

687 

248 

272 

34 

33 

Females  

148 

47 

71 

4 

26 

Colored  

14,347 

10,637 

1,908 

1,256 

545 

1 

Males  

6,861 

5  087 

1  012 

617 

144 

1 

Females  

7  IN; 

5,550 

896 

639 

401 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 


All  classes  

162,308 

111,162 

31,027 

11  840 

8  249 

30 

Males  

80,901 

57,  446 

15  335 

5  922 

2  185 

13 

Females  

81,407 

53,716 

15,692 

5  918 

6  064 

17 

Native  white       

123,601 

84  395 

25  035 

7  746 

6  405 

20 

Males  

61,254 

43,  762 

12  050 

3  780 

1  654 

g 

Females  

62,347 

40  633 

12  985 

:;  'iiiti 

4  751 

12 

Foreign  white  

1,458 

559 

678 

86 

134 

1 

Males  

1,121 

453 

516 

82 

69 

1 

Females  

337 

106 

162 

4 

65 

Colored  

37  249 

26  %>OS 

5  314 

4  oog 

1  710 

9 

Males  

18,526 

13,231 

2  769 

2  060 

•1(V 

4 

Females  :  

18,723 

12  977 

2  545 

1  948 

1  "M8 

5 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


197 


TABLE  XIV.— Conjugal  condition,  Ini  race,  sex,  and  nalivihi — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMOX. 


Race,  sex,  and  nativity. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Laving 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

All  classes  

160,046 

114,476 

24,346 

13,989 

7,204 

31 

Miile*  

78,229 

57,  503 

12,087 

6,969 

1,652 

18 

Females  

81,817 

56,973 

12,259 

7,020 

5,552 

13 

Native  white            

74,210 

52,155 

13,806 

4,491 

3,734 

24 

Males  

35,901 

26,338 

6,511 

2,210 

828 

14 

Females  

38,309 

25,817 

7,295 

2,281 

2,906 

10 

Foreign  white             

4,018 

2,107 

1,429 

235 

245 

2 

Males  

3,097 

1,693 

1,075 

226 

101 

2 

Females  

921 

414 

354 

9 

144 

Colored 

81,818 

60,214 

9,111 

9,263 

3,225 

5 

Males  

39,231 

29,472 

4,501 

4,533 

723 

2 

Females  

42,587 

30,742 

4,610 

4,730 

2,502 

3 

DEPARTMEXT  OF  GUAYAMA. 


All  classes  

111,986 

78,285 

17,031 

11,608 

5,054 

8 

Males  

55,216 

39,651 

8,436 

5,795 

1,331 

3 

Females  

56,770 

38,634 

8,595 

5,813 

3,723 

5 

Native  white  

66,041 

38,517 

9,867 

4,832 

2,821 

4 

Males  

27,  619 

19,648 

4,760 

2,474 

736 

,    1 

Females  

28,422 

18,860 

5,107 

2,358 

2,085 

3 

Foreign  white 

764 

286 

342 

63 

72 

1 

Males 

653 

249 

297 

58 

48 

1 

Females  

111 

37 

45 

5 

24 

Colored  

55,181 

39  482 

6  822 

6  713 

2,161 

3 

Males  

26  944 

19  754 

3  379 

3  263 

547 

1 

Females  

28,237 

19,728 

3,443 

3,450 

1,614 

2 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 


All  classes  

88,501 

61,739 

11,962 

10  908 

3  825 

67 

Males  

43,984 

31,587 

5  939 

5  446 

976 

36 

Females  

44,517 

30,152 

6,023 

5,462 

2  849 

31 

Native  white 

40  246 

27  647 

6  661 

3  846 

2  058 

34 

Males  

19,846 

14,184 

3  200 

1  942 

502 

18 

Females  

20  400 

13  463 

3  461 

1  904 

1  556 

16 

Foreign  white  

559 

207 

221 

63 

68 

Males  

449 

169 

185 

56 

39 

Females  

110 

38 

36 

7 

29 

Colored  

47  696 

33  885 

5  oso 

6  999 

1  699 

33 

Males  

23  689 

17  234 

2  554 

3  448 

435 

18 

Females  

24  007 

16  651 

2  526 

3  551 

1  264 

15 

198  REPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

TABLE  XIV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  race,  sex,  and  nativity — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


Race,  sex,  and  nativity. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

All  classes  

127,566 

87,294 

22,573 

10,428 

7,180 

91 

Males  

62,750 

44,484 

11,190 

5,206 

1,826 

44 

Females  

64,816 

42,810 

11,383 

5,222 

5,354 

47 

Native  white                       

80,564 

54,172 

15,  613 

5,938 

4,787 

54 

Males  

39,625 

27,943 

7,553 

2,929 

1,176 

24 

Females  

40,939 

26,229 

8,060 

3,009 

3,611 

30 

Foreign  white  

1,480 

612 

601 

125 

141 

1 

Males  .                          ... 

1,099 

454 

460 

117 

68 

Females  

381 

158 

141 

8 

73 

1 

Colored  

45,522 

32,  510 

6,359 

4,365 

2,252 

36 

Males  -.  

22,026 

16,087 

3,177 

2,160 

582 

20 

Fpipftlp*?.  .  .  ,  ,  ,  

23,496 

16,423 

3,182 

2,205 

1,670 

16 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 


All  classes            

203,191 

142,864 

30,957 

20,083 

9,254 

33 

Males  

101,957 

73,846 

15,407 

10,044 

2,638 

22 

Females  

101,234 

69,018 

15,550 

10,039 

6,616 

11 

Native  white  

118,  784 

82,443 

20,803 

9,649 

5,868 

21 

Males       .  .     .         

59,282 

42,  751 

10,004 

4,877 

1,639 

11 

Females  

59,502 

39,692 

10,799 

4,778 

4,229 

10 

Foreign  white  .  . 

2,403 

1,053 

926 

197 

222 

5 

Males  

1,886 

849 

729 

189 

114 

5 

Females 

517 

204 

197 

8 

10^ 

Colored    

82,004 

59,368 

9,228 

10,237 

3,164 

7 

Males  

40,789 

30,246 

4,674 

4,978 

885 

6 

Females.  

41,215 

29,122 

4,554 

5,259 

2,279 

1 

CITY  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


All  classes  

15,  187 

10,561 

2,222 

1,410 

992 

2 

Males 

6,765 

4,806 

1,089 

702 

168 

Females  

8,422 

5,755 

1,133 

708 

824 

2 

Native  white 

8,334 

5,713 

1,396 

609 

616 

Males 

3,773 

2,  750 

ittl 

299 

93 

Females. 

4,561 

2,963 

765 

310 

u 

Foreign  white  

754 

349 

284 

57 

63 

1 

Males  

521 

244 

201 

oO 

26 

Females  

233 

105 

83 

7 

37 

1 

Colored  

6,099 

4,499 

542 

744 

313 

1 

Males  

2,471 

1,812 

257 

353 

49 

Females...... 

3,628 

2,687 

285 

391 

264 

1 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION.  199 

TABLE  XIV. — (.'uiijiigul  r<n«iition,  by  race,  sex,  and  nativity — Continued. 
CITY  OF  PONCE. 


Race,  sex.  and  nativity.           Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

All  classes                27,  952 

19,986 

3,918 

2,427 

1,615 

6 

Males                      13,  197 

9,674 

1,966 

1,  "12 

339 

6 

Females  14,755 

10,312 

1,952 

1,215 

1,276 

\ativewhite                                       14,268 

10,060 

2,305 

957 

946 

Males                                              6,764 

5,  049 

1,065 

482 

168 

Females  7,504 

5,011 

1,240 

475 

778 

Foreign  white                                     1  ,  182 

540 

451 

62 

125 

i 

Males                                  -                847 

397 

335 

56 

55 

4 

Females  335 

143 

116 

6 

70 

Colored           12,502 

9,386 

1,162 

1,408 

544 

2 

Males    5,  586 

4,228 

566 

674 

116 

2 

Females                                        6,  916 

5,158 

596 

734 

428 

CITY  OF  SAN  .H'AX. 


All  classes  32,048 

22,847 

4,594 

2,801 

1,804                       2 

Male-;                                               15  100 

11  088 

2  313 

1,397 

301                       1 

Females                                        16,  948 

11,759 

2,281 

1,404 

1  503                       1 

Native  white                                       12  391 

8  820 

2  095 

676 

799                       1 

Males  5,541 

4,  222 

902 

308 

109 

Females  6,  850 

4,598 

1  193 

368 

690                    .   1 

Foreign  white  .                                    2  872 

1  612 

956 

147 

156                       1 

Mules    .                      2  190 

1  290 

699 

139 

61                       1 

Females  682 

822 

257 

8 

95 

Colored  16,  7*5 

12  415 

1,543 

1  978 

849 

Males  7,  369 

5,576 

712 

950 

131 

Females  9,  416 

6  839 

831 

1  028 

718 

1 

200 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  ?wr,  <md  nativity. 

PORTO  RICO. 
TOTAL  POPULATION,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknow  n. 

Total  

953,243 

664,077 

158,570 

84,241 

46,052 

303 

Under  15  years  

418,302 

418,008 

43 

101 

21 

129 

15  to  17  years 

54,494 

52,785 

816 

837 

31 

25 

18  and  19  years       

38,654 

34,043 

2,343 

2  195 

59 

14 

20  years   

29,740 

22,898 

3,232 

3,458 

140 

12 

•  21  to  24  years  

68,735 

37,858 

11,568 

8,807 

478 

24 

25  to  29  years 

84,265 

36  576 

26  677 

19  157 

1  834 

21 

30  to  34  years.  . 

64,317 

19,758 

25,935 

15  706 

2  900 

18 

35  to  44  years  

91,802 

20,978 

41,215 

20,690 

8  897 

22 

45  to  54  years  

69,268 

11,505 

26,  717 

9,014 

12  013 

19 

55  to  64  years  

33,716 

5,936 

13,808 

3,220 

10,  742 

10 

65  years  and  over   .     .... 

19,950 

3,732 

6,216 

1  056 

8  937 

9 

MALES. 


Total  

472,261 

339,316 

78,689 

42,  071 

12  023 

162 

Under  15  years  

214,806 

214,  709 

9 

11 

12 

65 

15  to  17  years  

24,806 

24,661 

34 

86 

13 

12 

18  and  19  years  

18,  113 

17,551 

190 

354 

8 

10 

20  years 

13,465 

12,  171 

467 

784 

33 

10 

21  to  24  years  

28,199 

21,  780- 

3,177 

3,123 

107 

12 

25  to  29  years 

39,  469 

20,158 

10  470 

8  354 

473 

14 

30  to  34  years. 

31,365 

10,  119 

12,593 

7  893 

749 

11 

35  to  44  years  

46,430 

10,040 

22,084 

12,  110 

2  188 

g 

45  to  64  years  

29,578 

4,807 

15,788 

6,075 

2,8% 

12 

55  to  64  years.  . 

16,758 

2  123 

9  277 

2  417 

2  936 

5 

65  years  and  over  

9,272 

1,197 

4,600 

864 

2  608 

3 

FEMALES. 


Total                              

480,982 

324,  761 

79,881 

42  170 

34  029 

141 

Under  15  years  

203,496 

203,299 

34 

90 

9 

64 

15  to  17  years 

29  688 

28  124 

782 

751 

18 

13 

18  and  19  years  

20,541 

16,492 

2  163 

1  841 

51 

4 

20  years  

16,275 

10,  727 

2,765 

2  674 

107 

2 

21  to  24  years  

30,636 

16,  078 

8,391 

5,684 

371 

12 

25  to  29  years 

44  796 

16  418 

16  207 

10  803 

1  361 

7 

30  to  34  years  

32,  952 

9,639 

13  342 

7  813 

2  151 

7 

35  to  44  years  

45,372 

10,938 

19,  131 

8,580 

6  709 

14 

45  to  54  years 

29  690 

6  698 

10  929 

2  939 

9  117 

7 

65  to  64  years  

16  968 

3  813 

4  531 

803 

7  806 

5 

65  years  and  over  

10,  678 

2,536 

1,616 

192 

6  329 

6 

CONJrOAL   CONDITION. 


201 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  se.v,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PORTO  RICO— Continued. 
NATIVE  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total                              

578,009 

3%,  654 

110,208 

40,593 

30,355 

199 

Under  15  vears           .... 

255,  577 

255,  377 

31 

57 

9 

103 

1  ")  to  17  years           

33,290 

32,266 

557 

440 

15 

12 

18  and  19  years 

23,  510 

20,648 

1,676 

1.144 

35 

7 

20  vears 

17,947 

13,  693 

2,338 

1,812 

101 

3 

21  to  24  years  

36,  036 

22,812 

8,494 

4,385 

330 

15 

25  to  29  vears 

50,909 

20,891 

19,250 

9,460 

1,294 

14 

30  to  34  years 

39,  317 

10,728 

18,629 

7,922 

2,029 

9 

35  to  44  years  

55,047 

10,  742 

28,656 

9,721 

5,914 

14 

45  to  54  years  

34,724 

5,366 

17,611 

3,985 

7,749 

13 

55  to  64  years 

19,907 

2,634 

8,949 

1,268 

7,052 

4 

65  years  and  over  

11,745 

1,497 

4,017 

399 

5,827 

5 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Total  

285,303 

204,090 

53,089 

20,250 

7,773 

101 

Under  15  years  

131,168 

131,098 

6 

5 

5 

54 

15  to  17  vears  

14,960 

14,886 

21 

40 

6 

7 

18  and  19  vears 

10,902 

10,587 

124 

181 

6 

4 

20  years  

7,975 

7,286 

293 

371 

23 

2 

21  to  24  vears  

17,239 

13,412 

2,235 

1,500 

87 

5 

25  to  29  vears 

23,726 

11,825 

7,414 

4,137 

341 

9 

30  to  34  years  

19,155 

5,723 

8,841 

4,068 

519 

4 

35  to  44  years 

27  790 

5,427 

15,039 

5,871 

1,448 

5 

45  to  54  years 

17,252 

2,372 

10,281 

2,769 

1,822 

8 

55  to  64  years  

9,753 

993 

5,904 

982 

1,872 

2 

65  years  and  over  

5,383 

481 

2,931 

326 

1,644 

1 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total  

292,706 

192,564 

57,  119 

20,343 

22,582 

98 

Tinder  15  years  

124  409 

124,  279 

25 

52 

4 

49 

15  to  17  vears  

18,330 

17,380 

536 

400 

9 

5 

18  and  19  years  

12,608 

10,061 

1,552 

963 

29 

3 

20  years  

9,  972 

6,407 

2,045 

1,441 

78 

1 

21  to  24  years  

18,  797 

9,400 

6,259 

2,885 

243 

10 

25  to  29  years  

27,183 

9,066 

11,836 

5,323 

953 

5 

30  to  34  years  

20,162 

5,005 

9,788 

3,854 

1,510 

5 

35  to  44  years 

27,257 

5,315 

13,617 

3,850 

4,466 

9 

45  to  54  years  

17,  472 

2,994 

7,330 

1,216 

5,927 

5 

55  to  64  years  . 

10  154 

1,641 

3,045 

286 

5,180 

2 

65  years  and  over  

6,362 

1,016 

1,086 

73 

4,183 

4 

202 


REPORT    ON    THF    CKX-TS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  ////«<//.  .-.rr,  /•»/<-,<,  ,i,nl  /«///>//// — Continr.cil. 

PORTO  RICO— Continued. 
FOREIGN  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

rnkniiwn. 

Total           .     ...           

11,  417 

5,119 

4,540 

807 

941 

10 

Under  15  years  

651 

651 

15  to  17  years  

343 

336 

6 

1 

18  and  19  years  

410 

383 

26 

1 

20  years 

239 

210 

20 

8 

1 

21  to  24  years 

1,022 

823 

149 

47 

3 

25  to  29  years.  .         .    

1,547 

942 

473 

111 

19 

2 

30  to  34  years  

1,411 

613 

629 

134 

34 

1 

35  to  44  years  

2,535 

653 

1,497 

242 

141 

2 

45  to  54  years  

1,728 

309 

1,035 

156 

226 

2 

55  to  64  years.  . 

918 

124 

486 

74 

233 

1 

65  years  and  over  

613 

75 

219 

33 

284 

2 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Total  

8,892 

4,115 

3,534 

762 

472 

9 

Under  15  years  

344 

344 

15  to  17  years 

271 

269 

1 

1 

18  and  19  years  

326 

323 

2 

1 

20  years  

188 

177 

4 

7 

21  to  24  years  

825 

724 

56 

44 

1 

25  to  29  years 

1  252 

848 

294 

102 

6 

2 

30  to  34  years            .  .    . 

1,142 

538 

460 

124 

19 

1 

35  to  44  years  

2,047 

619 

1,219 

231 

76 

2 

45  to  54  years  

1,372 

231 

878 

148 

113 

2 

55  to  64  years 

701 

89 

423 

71 

117 

1 

65  years  and  over  

424 

53 

197 

33 

140 

1 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total  

2,525 

1,004 

1,006 

45 

469 

1 

Under  15  years  

307 

307 

15  to  17  years  

72 

67 

5 

18  and  19  years  

84 

60 

24 

20  years  

51 

33 

16 

1 

1 

21  to  24  years  

197 

99 

93 

3 

2 

25  to  29  years  

295 

94 

179 

9 

13 

30  to  34  years  

269 

76 

169 

10 

15 

35  to  44  years  

488 

134 

278 

11 

65 

45  to  54  years  

356 

78 

157 

8 

113 

55  to  64  years  

217 

35 

63 

3 

116 

65  years  and  over  

189 

22 

22 

144 

1 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


203 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PORTO  RICO— Continued. 

COLORED,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total             

363,817 

262,304 

43,822 

42,841 

14,756 

94 

162,  074 

161,980 

12 

44 

12 

26 

15  to  17  years 

20,861 

20,183 

253 

396 

16 

13 

18  and  19  vears  

14,734 

13,012 

641 

1,050 

24 

7 

20  years  

11,554 

8,995 

874 

1,638 

38 

9 

21  to  24  years. 

21,677 

14,223 

2,925 

4,375 

145 

9 

25  to  29  vears  

31,809 

14,743 

6,954 

9,586 

521 

5 

30  to  34  vears 

23,589 

8,417 

6,677 

7,650 

837 

8 

35  to  44  years    

34,220 

9,583 

11,062 

10,  727 

2,842 

6 

45  to  54  years  

22,816 

5,830 

8,071 

4,873 

4,038 

4 

55  to  64  years 

12,  891 

3,178 

4,373 

1,878 

3,457 

5 

65  years  and  over  

7,592 

2,160 

1,980 

624 

2,826 

2 

COLORED  MALES. 

Total 

178,066 

131,111 

22,066            21,059 

3,778 

52 

Under  15  years 

83,294 

83,267 
9,506 
6,641 
4,708 
7,644 
7,485 
3,858 
4,094 
2,204 
1,041 
663 
i 

12 
64 
170 
886 
2,  762 
3,292 
5,826" 
-      4,629 
2,950 
1,472 

6 
45 
172 
406 
1,579 
4,115 
3,701 
6,008 
3,158 
1,364 
505 

7 
2 
10 
19 
126 
211 
664 
961 
947 
824 

11 
5 
6 
8 
7 
3 
6 
1 
2 
2 
1 

15  to  17  years  

9,  575 

18  and  19  vears 

6,885 

20  years    

5,  302 

21  to  24  vears 

10,135 

25  to  29  vears  

14,  491 

30  tP  34  years  

11,068 

35  to  44  vears 

16,  593 

45  to  54  years  

10,954 

55  to  64  vears 

6,304 

65  vears  and  over 

3,465 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Total  

185,  751 

131,  193 

21  ,  7.">ti 

21,782 

10,978 

42 

Under  15  vears  

78,780 

78,  713 

9 

38 

15 

15  to  17  years 

11  286 

10  677 

241 

351 

n 

18  and  19  years.  .  . 

7,849 

6,  371 

577 

878 

22 

1 

20  vears 

6  252 

4  287 

704 

1  232 

28 

1 

21  to  24  vears. 

1  1  .  />4'J 

6,  579 

2,039 

2,796 

126 

25  to  29  years 

17  318 

7  258 

4  192 

5  471 

395 

2 

30  to  34  years  
35  to  44  years. 

12,52] 

17  627 

4,559 
5  489 

3,385 
5  236 

3,949 
4  719 

626 

2  178 

2 
5 

45  to  54  years. 

11  862 

3,626 

3,442 

1  715 

3  077 

2 

55  to  64  vears 

6  587 

2  137 

1  423 

514 

2  510 

3 

65  vears  and  over 

4,127 

1  497 

508 

119 

2  002 

1 

204 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA. 
TOTAL  POPULATION,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total  

99,645 

68,257 

20,674 

5,385 

5,286 

43 

Under  15  years  

44,275 

44,245 

4 

1 

4 

21 

15  to  17  years.  . 

5,662 

5,521 

97 

39 

1 

4 

18  and  19  years  

3,910 

3,520 

278 

108 

2 

2 

20  years  

3,045 

2,433 

424 

162 

26 

21  to  24  years  

5,848 

3,788 

1,502 

507 

46 

5 

25  to  29  years 

8  424 

3,378 

3,630 

1,196 

217 

3 

30  to  34  years.             .  .  . 

6,795 

1,815 

3,504 

1,101 

371 

4 

35  to  44  years  

9,572 

1,804 

6,406 

1,359 

1,001 

2 

45  to  54  years  

6,211 

937 

3,358 

605 

1,309 

2 

65  to  64  years 

3,679 

514 

1,718 

223 

1,224 

65  years  and  over  

2,224 

302 

753 

84 

1,085 

MALKS. 


Total 

49,224 

34,799 

10,295 

2,689 

1,415 

26 

Under  15  years  

22,758 

22,  744 

1 

1 

12 

15  to  17  years. 

2,611 

2,600 

6 

3 

2 

18  and  19  years. 

1,808 

1,766 

30 

10 

2 

20  years  

1,347 

1,276 

49 

20 

2 

21  to  24  years 

2  789 

2  197 

410 

167 

12 

3 

25  to  29  years. 

3,786 

1,860 

1,376 

478 

69 

3 

30  to  34  years  

3,309 

925 

1,731 

542 

110 

1 

35  to  44  years 

4  846 

844 

2  914 

833 

253 

2 

45  to  54  years 

3  096 

336 

2,062 

403 

294 

1 

55  to  64  years. 

1,823 

159 

1,155 

162 

347 

65  years  and  over  

1,051 

92 

561 

71 

327 

FEMALES. 


Total  

50,421 

33,458 

10,  379 

2,6% 

3,871 

17 

Under  15  years 

2]  ,  517 

21,501 

3 

1 

3 

9 

15  to  17  years.  .           

3,051 

2,  921 

91 

36 

1 

2 

18  and  19  years  

2,102 

1,754 

248 

98 

2 

20  years 

1  698 

1  157 

375 

142 

24 

21  to  24  years 

3  059 

1  591 

1  092 

340 

34 

2 

25  to  29  years.. 

4,638 

1,518 

2  254 

718 

148 

30  to  34  years  

3,486 

890 

1,773 

559 

261 

3 

35  to  44  years 

4  726 

960 

2  492 

526 

748 

45  to  54  years 

3  115 

601 

1  296 

202 

1,015 

1 

55  to  64  years  

1,856 

355 

563 

61 

877 

65  years  and  over  

1,173 

210 

192 

13 

758 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


205 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA— Continued. 

NATIVE  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total  

84,563 

57,325 

18,423 

4,091 

4,682 

42 

Under  15  Years 

37,694 

37,666 

4 

1 

2 

21 

15  to  17  years 

4,720 

4,592 

91 

32 

1 

4 

18  and  19  vears  

3,240 

2,906 

243 

87 

2 

2 

2  594 

2  051 

391 

127 

25 

21  to  24  vears  

4,897 

3,100 

1,356 

395 

42 

4 

26  to  29  vears  

7,171 

2,775 

3,278 

927 

188 

3 

30  to  34  years  

5,890 

1,494 

3,185 

860 

347 

4 

35  to  44  years  

8,205 

1,432 

4,844 

1,030 

897 

2 

45  to  54  years  

5,255 

730 

2,937 

433 

1,153 

2 

3  063 

374 

1,462 

144 

1,083 

1  834 

205 

632 

55 

942 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Total  

41,776 

29,464 

9,011 

2,038 

1,238 

25 

Under  15  vears      

19  490 

19,477 

1 

12 

15  to  17  vears.        

2,145 

2,137 

5 

1 

2 

18  and  19  years  

1,501 

1,463 

26 

10 

2 

20  years            

1,143 

1,082 

45 

14 

2 

21  to  24  vears  

2,316 

1,819 

360 

123 

12 

2 

25  to  29  vears 

3  205 

1,541 

1,226 

374 

61 

3 

30  to  31  vear«      

2,859 

774 

1,551 

427 

106 

1 

3o  to  44  years  

4,144 

706 

2,566 

642 

228 

2 

45  to  54  years 

2,622 

277 

1,789 

293 

262 

1 

f>o  ti  i  64  vears  

1,510 

124 

980 

109 

297 

Go  vears  and  over  

841 

.64 

462 

45 

270 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total  

42.  1*~ 

•JT.N'.l 

9,412 

2,053 

3,444 

17 

Under  15  years  

18,204 

18,  189 

o 

1 

2 

9 

15  to  17  vears  . 

2  575 

2  455 

86 

31 

1 

2 

18  and  19  years  

1,739 

1,443 

217 

77 

2 

20  years 

1  451 

969 

346 

113 

23 

21  to  24  years  

2,581 

1  281 

9% 

272 

30 

2 

25  to  29  years  

3,966 

1,234 

2,052 

553 

127 

30  to  34  years  

3,031 

720 

1  634 

433 

241 

3 

35  to  44  years  

4,061 

726 

2,278 

388 

669 

45  to  54  years  

2,633 

453 

1,148 

140 

891 

1 

5o  to  64  vears  .... 

1,553 

250 

183 

35 

786 

65  vears  and  over  

993 

141 

170 

10 

672 

206 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO.   1899. 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  natirity — Continued. 

DEPAKTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA— Continued. 

FOREIGN  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total                              

735 

295 

343 

38 

59 

Under  15  years      

34 

34 

15  to  17  years       

18 

18 

18  and  19  years  

26 

22 

4 

20  years  

17 

17 

21  to  24  years  

70 

60 

10 

25  to  29  years    

115 

66 

47 

1 

1 

30  to  34  years  

77 

32 

37 

7 

1 

35  to  44  years  

165 

31 

110 

12 

12 

45  to  54  years 

99 

8 

76 

9 

6 

55  to  64  years  

67 

6 

43 

4 

14 

65  years  and  over  

47 

1 

16 

5 

25 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Total             

587 

248 

272 

34 

33 

Under  15  years  

18 

18 

15  to  17  years  

15 

15 

18  and  19  years  

21 

21 

20  years  

15 

16 

21  to  24  vears  

50 

48 

2 

25  to  29  years  

91 

62 

27 

1 

1 

30  to  34  years  

67 

28 

32 

6 

1 

35  to  44  years  

142 

28 

97 

10 

7 

45  to  54  years  

83 

7 

66 

8 

2 

55  to  64  years  

49 

5 

34 

4 

6 

65  years  and  over  

36 

1 

14 

5 

16 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total  

148 

47 

71 

4 

26 

Under  15  years  

16 

16 

15  to  17  years  

3 

3 

18  and  19  years  

5 

1 

4 

20  years  

2 

2 

21  to  24  years  

20 

12 

8 

25  to  29  vears  

24 

4 

20 

30  to  34  vears  

10 

4 

5 

1 

35  to  44  years  

23 

3 

13 

2 

5 

45  to  54  years  

16 

1 

10 

1 

4 

55  to  64  years  

18 

1 

9 

8 

65  vears  and  over  

11 

2 

9 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


207 


TABLE  XV.— Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,' and  nativity — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA— Continued. 

COLORED,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Living 
together  as 

Married       hu*ba?.d 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total  

14,347 

10,637 

1,908             1,256 

646 

1 

Under  15  vears  

6.547 

6,545 

2 

15  to  17  years 

924 

911 

6                    7 

18  and  19  years  

644 

592 

31                   21 

20  vears 

434 

365 

33                  35 

1 

21  to  24  vears 

881 

628 

136                 112 

4 

1 

26  to  29  vears  

1,138 

537 

305                268 

28 

30  to  34  vears 

828 

289 

282                 234 

23 

35  to  44  vears 

1,202 

341 

452                  317 

92 

45  to  54  vears  

857 

199 

345                  163 

150 

55  to  64  vears 

549 

134 

213                  76 

127 

65  vears  and  over 

343 

96 

105                   24 

118 

COLORED  MALES. 


Total  . 

6,861 

5,087 

1,012 

617 

144 

1 

I'mler  15  vears  

3  250 

3,249 

1 

15  to  17  vears  

451 

448 

1 

2 

18  and  19  vears. 

286 

282 

4 

20  vears  

189 

179 

4 

6 

'_'!  to  -4  vears  

423 

330 

48 

44 

1 

L'-'I  to  i*y  vears. 

490 

257 

123 

103 

7 

30  to  34  years  

383 

123 

148 

109 

3 

35  to  44  vears 

560 

110 

251 

181 

18 

4-^  to  r>4  vears. 

391 

52 

207 

102 

30 

55  to  64  vears  

264 

30 

141 

49 

44 

65  Vears  and  over  

174 

27 

86 

21 

41 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Total  7  486 

5  550 

896 

639 

401 

Under  15  vears  3,  297 

3,2% 

1 

1")  to  17  ve'ars  473 

463 

5 

5 

is  '111(119  vears  358 

310 

27 

21 

ears  245 

186 

29 

29 

1 

_'l  to  24  vears  458 

•HJS 

88 

68 

4 

•  29  vears  648 

280 

182 

165 

'21 

30  to  34  vears  445 

166 

134 

125 

20 

35  to  44  vears  642 

231 

201 

136 

74 

4.i  to  54  vears  466 

147 

138 

61 

120 

i  64  vears  285 

104 

72 

26 

83 

65  years  and  over  169 

69 

20 

3 

77 

208 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 
TOTAL  POPULATION,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total  

162,308 

111,162 

31,027 

11,840 

8,249 

30 

Under  15  years  

72,981 

72,958 

9 

5 

6 

3 

15  to  17  years 

9  220 

8,946 

151 

114 

8 

1 

18  and  19  years  

6,474 

5,700 

448 

311 

16 

20  years  

5,285 

4,075 

639 

543 

26 

3 

21  to  24  years  

9,602 

6,006 

2,214 

1,272 

106 

6 

25  to  29  years  

14,  374 

5,562 

5,499 

2,888 

422 

3 

30  to  34  years  

11,  174 

2,832 

5,410 

2,310 

618 

4 

35  to  44  years 

15,  617 

2,703 

8,332 

2,835 

1  745 

2 

45  to  54  years           

9,452 

1,345 

4,855 

1,121 

2,126 

5 

55  to  64  years  

5,191 

667 

2,380 

324 

1,817 

3 

65  years  and  over  

2,938 

369 

1,090 

117 

1,361 

1 

MALES. 


Total         .  .    

80,901 

57,446 

15,335 

5,922 

2,185 

13 

Under  15  years  .  .  . 

37,489 

37  481 

2 

4 

2 

15  to  17  vears  

4,078 

4,064 

7 

4 

3 

18  and  19  years  

2,952 

2,892 

25 

34 

1 

20  vears 

2  423 

2  237 

74 

106 

4 

2 

21  to  24  vears    

4,572 

3  573 

555 

411 

31 

2 

25  to  29  years  

6,927 

3,379 

2,156 

1,276 

115 

1 

30  to  34  vears  

5,575 

1,533 

2,642 

1,222 

175 

3 

35  to  44  years 

8  067 

1  357 

4  528 

1  712 

470 

45  to  54  years 

4,802 

574 

2  914 

795 

516 

3 

55  to  64  years  

2,609 

229 

1,634 

258 

488 

65  vears  and  over  

1,407 

127 

798 

104 

378 

FEMALES. 


Total 

81,407 

53,716 

15  692 

5  918 

6  064 

17 

Under  15  years  

35,492 

35,  477 

7 

5 

2 

1 

15  to  17  years  

5  142 

4  882 

144 

110 

5 

1 

18  and  19  vears  

3  522 

2  808 

423 

277 

14 

20  years  .  ."  

2,862 

1  838 

565 

437 

21 

1 

21  to  24  years  

5,030 

2  432 

1  659 

861 

75 

3 

25  to  29  years  

7,447 

2,183 

3,343 

1  612 

307 

2 

30  to  34  years  

5,599 

1,299 

•J  Til* 

1,088 

443 

1 

35  to  44  years  

7  550 

1  346 

3  804 

1  123 

1  275 

2 

45  to  54  years  

4,650 

771 

1,941 

326 

1  610 

2 

55  to  64  years  

2,582 

438 

746 

66 

1,329 

3 

65  years  and  over  

1,531 

242 

292 

13 

983 

1 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


209 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO— Continued. 

NATIVE  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total  

123,601 

84,395 

25,035 

7,746 

6,405 

20 

Under  15  years  

56,369 

56,353 

7 

4 

4 

1 

15  to  17  years     

6,973 

6,764 

122 

80 

7 

18  «nd  19  years  

4,898 

4,304 

371 

212 

11 

20  years  

4,013 

3,056 

545 

392 

19 

1 

21  to  24  years  

7,348 

4  535 

1,859 

860 

90 

4 

25  to  29  years  

10,  798 

4,039 

4,528 

1,888 

340 

3 

30  to  34  years  

8,620 

2,008 

4,476 

1,532 

502 

2 

35  to  44  years  

11,729 

1  849 

6,682 

1,838 

1,358 

2 

45  to  54  years  

6,972 

861 

3,799 

700 

1,608 

4 

65  to  64  years  

3,828 

416 

1,812 

185 

1,413 

2 

66  years  and  over  

2,153 

210 

834 

55 

1,063 

1 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Total  

61,254 

43,  762 

12,050 

3,780 

1,654 

8 

Under  15  years  

28,960 

28,955 

1 

3 

1 

15  to  17  years  

3,046 

3,034 

6 

3 

3 

18  and  19  years  

2,238 

2,197 

17 

23 

1 

20  vears          

1  815 

1  685 

55 

72 

3 

21  to  24  years  

3,468 

2  718 

448 

271 

29 

2 

25  to  29  vears  

5  122 

2  481 

1,743 

803 

94 

1 

30  to  34  vears  

4,209 

1  132 

2,139 

798 

138 

2 

35  to  44  vears  

6,981 

960 

3,551 

1,112 

358 

45  to  54  years. 

3  532 

392 

2  260 

496 

382 

2 

55  to  64  years  

1,897 

139 

1,229 

153 

376 

65  years  and  over  

986 

69 

601 

49 

267 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total  

62,347 

40,633 

12  985 

3  966 

4  751 

12 

Under  15  years  

27,409 

27  398 

6 

4 

1 

15  to  17  vears  

3,927 

3,730 

116 

77 

4 

18  and  19  vears  

2,660 

2,107 

354 

189 

10 

20  vears  

2,198 

1,371 

490 

320 

16 

1 

21  to  °4  years. 

3  880 

1  817 

1  411 

589 

61 

2 

25  to  29  years  

5,676 

1  558 

2  785 

1  086 

246 

2 

30  to  34  years  

4,311 

876 

2,337 

734 

364 

35  to  44  vears  

6,748 

889 

3,131 

726 

1  000 

2 

45  to  54  vears  

3,440 

469 

1,539 

204 

1  226 

2 

55  to  64  years  

1,931 

277 

583 

32 

1  037 

2 

65  years  and  over  

1,167 

141 

233 

6 

786 

1 

8490— 0( 


210 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO— Continued. 

FOREIGN  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total                

1,458 

559 

678 

ftfi 

134 

1 

Under  15  years  

48 

48 

15  to  17  years           

34 

S3 

1 





18  and  19  years      

40 

40 



20  years  

35 

33 

1 

1 



'21  to  24  years  

142 

122 

12 

8 



25  to  29  vears 

179 

112 

58 

7 

2 

30  to  34  years  

147 

63 

69 

11 

4 

35  to  44  years  

339 

60 

232 

26 

21 

45  to  54  years 

251 

28 

167 

21 

34 

1 

55  to  64  years 

131 

13 

87 

5 

26 

65  years  and  over  ,.\  

112 

7 

51 

7 

47 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Total  

1,121 

453 

516 

82 

69 

1 

Under  15  vears  

26 

26 

15  to  17  years 

21 

20 

1 

18  and  19  years      

27 

27 

20  years  

24 

24 

21  to  24  years  

122 

108 

6 

8 

25  to  29  years  

141 

101 

32 

7 

1 

30  to  34  years 

125 

60 

54 

10 

1 

35  to  44  years  

269 

53 

176 

26 

14 

45  to  54  years  

186 

20 

131 

"   19 

15 

1 

55  to  64  years 

104 

10 

73 

5 

16 

65  years  and  over  

76 

4 

43 

7 

22 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total  

337 

106 

162 

4 

65    

Under  15  years  

22 

22 

15  to  17  years  

13 

13 

18  and  19  years  

13 

13 

20  years  

11 

9 

1 

1 

21  to  24  years  

20 

14 

6 

25  to  29  years  

38 

11 

26 

1    . 

30  to  34  years 

22 

3 

15 

1 

3 

35  to  44  years               ... 

70 

7 

56 

7          

46  to  54  years  

65 

8 

36 

2 

19   

27 

3 

14 

10 

(>•">  vears  and  over 

36 

3 

8 

25 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


211 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity— Continued 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO— Continued. 

COLORED,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total          

37,249 

26,208 

5,314 

4,008 

1,710 

9 

Under  15  years  

16,564 

16,557 

2 

1 

2 

2 

15  to  17  years  

2,213 

2,149 

28 

34 

1 

1 

18  and  19  years  

1,536 

1,356 

77 

99 

4 

20  years  

1,237 

986 

93 

150 

6 

2 

21  to  24  years               .... 

2,112 

1,348 

343 

404 

16 

1 

25  to  29  years  

3,397 

1,411 

913 

993 

80 

30  to  34  veare  

2,507 

761 

865 

767 

112 

2 

35  to  44  years      

3,549 

794 

1,418 

971 

366 

45  to  54  years  

2,229 

456 

889 

400 

484 

55  to  64  years  

1,232 

238 

481 

134 

378 

1 

65  years  and  over      

673 

152 

205 

55 

261 

COLOBED  MALES. 


Total  

18,526 

13,231 

2,769 

2,060 

462 

4 

Under  15  years  

8,503 

8,500 

1 

1 

1 

15  to  17  years. 

1,011 

1,010 

1 

18  and  19  years  

687 

668 

g 

11 

20  vears  

584 

528 

19 

34 

1 

2 

21  to  24  years  

982 

747 

101 

132 

2 

25  to  29  vears  

1,664 

797 

381 

466 

20 

30  to  34  years  

1,241 

341 

449 

414 

36 

1 

35  to  44  years  

1,817 

344 

801 

574 

98 

45  to  54  vears  

1,084 

162 

623 

280 

119 

55  to  64  years  

608 

80 

332 

100 

96 

65  years  and  over  

345 

54 

154 

48 

89 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Total  

18  723 

12  977 

2  545 

1  948 

1  248 

5 

Under  15  years  

8  061 

8  057 

1 

1 

1 

15  to  17  years  

1.202 

1  139 

28 

33 

1 

1 

18  and  19  years  

849 

688 

69 

88 

4 

20  vears  

653 

458 

74 

116 

5 

21  to  24  years. 

1  130 

601 

242 

272 

14 

1 

25  to  29  vears  

1,733 

614 

532 

527 

60 

30  to  34  veare 

1  266 

420 

416 

353 

76 

j 

35  to  44  years  

1,732 

450 

617 

397 

268 

45  to  54  years  

1,145 

294 

366 

120 

365 

65  to  64  years  

624 

158 

149 

34 

282 

1 

65  years  and  over  

328 

98 

51 

7 

172 

KEPOKT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 
TOTAL  POPULATION,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total  

160,046 

114,  476 

24,346 

13,989 

7,204 

31 

Under  15  years  

69,765 

69,  731 

9 

2 

4 

19 

15  to  17  years  

9,310 

9,089 

127 

84 

8 

2 

18  and  19  years  

6,490 

5,869 

300 

305 

16 

20  years 

4  653 

3,748 

427 

467 

11 

21  to  24  years. 

10,277 

7,040 

1,709 

1  452 

76 

25  to  29  years  

14,  370 

6,973 

4,052 

3  070 

271 

4 

30  to  34  years  

10,588 

3,762 

3,846 

2,584 

395 

1 

35  to  44  years  

15,332 

4,086 

6,326 

3,677 

1,343 

45  to  54  years  

9,749 

2,191 

4,173 

1,554 

1,829 

2 

55  to  64  years.  . 

5  908 

1  217 

2,294 

662 

1  734 

1 

65  years  and  over  

3,604 

770 

1,083 

232 

1,517 

2 

MALES. 


Total  

78,229 

67,503 

12,087 

6,969 

1,652 

18 

Under  15  years  

35,516 

35,501 

1 

2 

12 

15  to  17  years  

4,318 

4,304 

3 

7 

4 

18  and  19  years.. 

3  100 

3  028 

28 

43 

1 

20  years   

2,139 

1,948 

68 

118 

5 

21  to  24  years  

4,825 

3,864 

469 

484 

18 

26  to  29  years  

6,673 

3,704 

1,686 

1,314 

67 

2 

30  to  34  years  

5,003 

1,830 

1,844 

1,240 

89 

35  to  44  years. 

7,543 

1  843 

3  344 

2,054 

302 

46  to  64  years  

4,749 

878 

2,  447 

1,023 

399 

2 

66  to  64  years  

2,795 

379 

1,506 

498 

411 

1 

66  years  and  over  

1,668 

234 

791 

188 

354 

1 

FEMALES. 


Total  

81,817 

56,973 

12,269 

7,020 

5,552 

13 

Under  15  years  

34  249 

34  230 

8 

2 

2 

7 

15  to  17  years.  ... 

4  992 

4  785 

124 

77 

4 

2 

18  and  19  years  

3,390 

2,841 

272 

262 

15 

20  years  

2,514 

1,800 

359 

349 

6 

21  to  24  years. 

5  452 

3  1»6 

1  2iO 

968 

68 

25  to  29  years... 

7  697 

3,269 

2  466 

1,756 

204 

2 

30  to  34  years.  .  .  . 

5,585 

1,932 

2  002 

1,344 

306 

1 

35  to  44  years  

7,789 

2,243 

2,982 

1,523 

1,041 

45  to  64  years  

5,000 

1,313 

1,726 

631 

1,430 

55  to  64  years  

3,113 

838 

788 

164 

1,323 

65  years  and  over  

2,036 

536 

292 

44 

1,163 

1 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


213 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  Condition,  l>y  age,  sex,  race,  and  natiriti/ — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  B  A  YAMON— Continued. 

NATIVE  WHITE.  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total      

74,210 

52,155 

13,806 

4,491 

3,734 

24 

Under  15  years  

33,230 

33,208 

4 

1 

1 

16 

15  to  17  vears      

4,411 

4,296 

77 

35 

1 

2 

18  and  19  vears 

3  008 

2,693 

180 

131 

4 

20  years 

2,102 

1,643 

278 

177 

4 

21  to  24  vears 

4  796 

3  174 

1,090 

484 

48 

25  to  29  vears  

6,497 

2,853 

2,485 

986 

170 

3 

30  to  SI  years 

4,795 

1,436 

2,277 

853 

228 

1 

6  779 

1,493 

3,472 

1,120 

694 

46  to  54  yeare  

4,263 

715 

2,195 

461 

.891 

1 

2  709 

394 

1,205 

180 

930 

65  years  and  over  

1,620 

250 

543 

63 

763 

1 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Total    

35,901 

26,338 

6,511 

2,210 

828 

14 

Under  15  vears      .  . 

16,931 

16,  918 

1 

1 

11 

15  to  17  vears  

1,995 

1,991 

2 

1 

1 

18  and  19  vears      

1,396 

1,366 

14 

16 

20  years  

933 

843 

39 

48 

3 

21  to  24  years. 

2,227 

1,770 

284 

159 

14 

25  to  29  years  

2,966 

1,550 

943 

431 

40 

2 

30  to  34  years 

2,204 

714 

1  055 

387 

48 

35  to  44  years 

3,289 

697 

1,774 

662 

156 

45  to  54  years  

2,026 

291 

1,236 

313 

185 

1 

55  to  64  years. 

1,254 

125 

773 

142 

214 

65  years  and  over  

680 

73 

390 

51 

166 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total  

38,309 

25,817 

•    7,296             2  281 

2  906 

10 

Under  15  vears  

16,299 

16,290 

3  1                  1 

5 

15  to  17  years  

2,416 

2,305 

76                  34 

2 

18  and  19  years  

1,612 

1,327 

166                 115 

4 

20  years  

1,169 

800 

239  |               129 

1 

21  to  24  years  

2,569 

1  404 

806                  325 

34 

25  to  29  vears 

3  531 

1  303 

1  542                  555 

130 

1 

30  to  34  years.  . 

2,591 

722 

1  ??2                  466 

180 

1 

35  to  44  years  

3,490 

7% 

1,698                  458 

538 

45  to  54  years  

2,237 

424 

959                  148 

706 

55  to  64  years  

1,455 

269 

432                   38 

716 

65  years  and  over  

940 

177 

163  |                 12 

697 

1 

214 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  h>i  age,  wj.;  race   and  natirih/ — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON-Continued. 

FOREIGN  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total          

4,018 

2  107 

1  429 

235 

245 

2 

Under  16  years  

288 

288 

15  to  17  years  

162 

101 

1 

18  and  19  years  

206 

19.r> 

11 

20  years  

95 

8 

8 

3 

21  to  24  years  

392 

31! 

63 

15 

25  to  29  years  

679 

371 

161 

44 

3 

30  to  34  years  

642 

270 

216 

48 

g 

35  to  44  years  

888 

269 

505 

71 

43 

45  to  54  years  

489 

9o 

295 

33 

66 

55  to  64  years  

241 

35 

123 

17 

65 

1 

65  years  and  over  

136 

26 

46 

4 

60 

1 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Total  

3,097 

1,693 

1,075 

226 

101 

2 

Under  16  years  

147 

147 

15  to  17  years  

135 

135 

18  and  19  years 

172 

171 

1 

20  years     

79 

75 

1 

3 

21  to  24  years  

321 

287 

20 

14 

25  to  29  years  

477 

338 

97 

42 

30  to  34  years  

443 

236 

158 

45 

4 

35  to  44  years.  .  .       .... 

691 

202 

400 

69 

-20 

45  to  54  years  '  ... 

369 

65 

246 

32 

26 

55  to  64  years  

178 

22 

111 

17 

27 

j 

65  years  and  over  

85 

15 

41 

4 

24 

j 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total 

921 

414 

354 

9 

144 

Under  15  years.  . 

141 

141 

15  to  17  years  

27 

26 

1 

18  and  19  years  

34 

24 

10 

20  years  

16 

9 

7 

21  to  24  years 

71 

27 

43 

1 

25  to  29  years.. 

102 

33 

64 

2 

3 

30  to  34  years  

99 

34 

58 

3 

4 

3"S  to  44  years  

197 

67 

105 

2 

23 

45  to  54  years 

120 

30 

49 

1 

40 

55  to  64  years.  . 

63 

13 

12 

38 

65  years  and  over 

51 

10 

5 

36 

CONDITION. 


215 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  %  age,  w.r,  race,  <vi<{  witicity — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON— Continued. 

COLORED,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total  

81,818 

60,214 

9,111 

9,263 

3  226 

5 

Under  15  years  

36,247 

36,235 

5 

1 

3 

3 

15  to  17  years  

4,737 

4,632 

49 

49 

7 

18  and  19  years  

3,276 

2,981 

109 

174 

12 

20  vears 

2,466 

2,021 

141 

287 

7 

21  to  24  years  

6,089 

3,552 

656 

'963 

28 

25  to  29  years  

7,294 

3,749 

1,406 

2,040 

98 

1 

30  to  34  vears  

6,251 

2,056 

1,353 

1,683 

159 

35  to  44  vears.  

7,666 

2,324 

2,349 

2,386 

606 

45  to  54  vears 

4,997 

1,381 

1,683 

1,060 

872 

1 

56  to  64  years  

2,958 

788 

966 

465 

739 

65  years  and  over  

1,848 

495 

494 

165 

694 

COLORED  MALES. 


Total  

39,231 

29,472 

4,501 

4,633 

723 

2 

Under  15  vears  

IS  438 

18,436 

1 

1 

15  to  17  years  

2,188 

2,178 

1 

6 

3 

18  and  19  vears  

1,632 

1,491 

13 

27 

1 

20  vears  

1,127 

1,030 

28 

67 

• 

21  to  24  years  

2,277 

1,797 

165 

311 

j 

25  to  29  years         

3,230 

1,816 

646 

841 

27 

30  to  34  years  

2,356 

880 

631 

808 

37 

35  to  44  years  

3,663 

944 

1,170 

1,323 

126 

45  to  54  years  

2,354 

622 

966 

678 

188 

1 

65  to  64  years  

1,363 

232 

622 

339 

170 

65  years  and  over  

803 

146 

360 

133 

164 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Total  

42,587 

30,742 

4,610 

4  730 

2  502 

3 

Under  15  years  

17,809 

17,799 

5 

1 

| 

2 

15  to  17  years  

2,549 

2,454 

48 

43 

4 

18  and  19  vears  

1,744 

1,490 

96 

147 

11 

20  vears  

1,329 

991 

113 

220 

5 

21  to  24  vears  .   . 

2,812 

1  756 

391 

642 

24 

25  to  29  years  

4,064 

1  933 

860 

1,199 

71 

1 

30  to  34  years 

2,896 

1  176 

722 

875 

122 

35  to  44  vears.                 ... 

4,102 

1,380 

1,179 

1,063 

480 

45  to  54  vears  

2,643 

859 

718 

382 

684 

55  to  64  years  

1,695 

556 

344 

126 

669 

65  years  and  over  

1,045 

349 

134 

32 

530 

216 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  .sr.r,  race,  and  nat icily — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 
TOTAL  POPULATION,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Laving 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total                      

111,986 

78,285 

17,031 

11,608 

5,054 

8 

Under  15  years.            

51,  016 

50,988 

5 

23 

15  to  17  years  

6,195 

5,970 

74 

150 

1 

18  and  19  years  

4,468 

3,823 

264 

377 

20  years  

3,526 

2,641 

356 

516 

13 

21  to  24  vears 

6,537 

3,988 

1,254 

1  248 

45 

•j 

25  to  29  years         

9,764 

4,063 

2,813 

2,726 

161 

1 

30  to  34  years  

7,364 

2,221 

2,730 

2,113 

299 

1 

35  to  44  years  

10,357 

2,306 

4,336 

2,  770 

942 

3 

45  to  54  years 

6,677 

1,195 

2,938 

1,156 

1,388 

55  to  64  years.        ...  . 

3,879 

655 

1,598 

413 

1,212 

1 

65  vears  and  over  

2,203 

435 

663 

116 

989 

MALES. 


Total          

55,  216 

39,651 

8,436              5,795 

1,331                      3 

Under  15  years       .  ... 

26,  216 

26,  215 

1      

15  to  17  years  

2,806 

2,780 

3                   22 

1 

18  and  19  years  

2,028 

1,927 

13                   86 

•> 

20  years 

1,568 

1,863 

59                 144 

2 

21  to  24  vears         .  . 

3,063 

2,223 

354                 474 

11                        1 

25  to  29  years  

4,430 

2,108- 

1,118              1,169 

35 

30  to  34  vears 

3  558 

1  106 

1  32S              1  053 

71 

35  to  44  vears 

5,231 

1,082 

2,294              1.640 

214                        1 

45  to  54  vears 

3,332 

493 

1,691                  801 

347 

55  to  64  years  

1,966 

223 

1,083                 318 

341                        1 

65  vears  and  over 

1,  018 

131 

492                    88 

307 

FEMALES. 


Total 

56,770 

38,634 

8,595 

5,813  ! 

3,723 

5 

Under  15  years 

24  800 

•>4  773 

4 

23 

15  to  17  vears. 

3,389 

3  190 

71 

128 

18  and  19  years 

2,440 

1,896 

251 

2yi 

2 

20  years  

1,958 

1,278 

297 

372 

11 

21  to  24  vears  

3,474 

1,765 

900 

774 

34 

1 

25  to  29  vears 

5  334 

1  955 

1  695 

1,557 

126 

1 

30  to  34  vears. 

3,806 

1,115 

1,402 

1,060 

228 

1 

35  to  44  vears.. 

5,126 

1,224 

2,042 

1,130 

728 

2 

45  to  54  vears 

3  345 

702 

1  247 

355 

1  041 

55  to  64  years. 

1  913 

432 

615 

95 

871 

65  years  and  over  

1,185 

304 

171 

28 

682 

' 

CONJTTGAL    CONDITION. 


217 


TABLE  XV. — Conjuyal  condition,  by  age,  se.r,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA— Continued. 

NATIVE  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total        

56,041 

38,517 

9,867 

4,832 

2,821 

4 

Under  15  vears 

25,186 

25,169 

4 

13 

15  to  17  years           

3.150 

3,045 

40 

64 

1 

18  and  19  years 

2,276 

1,967 

142 

164 

3 

20  years 

1,737 

1,295 

204 

231 

7 

21  to  24  vears  

3,410 

2,097 

764 

525 

23 

1 

25  to  29  years 

4,915 

1,991 

1,673 

1,162 

88 

1 

30  to  34  vears 

3,703 

1,020 

1,597 

918 

168 

35  to  44  vears  

5,227 

1,018 

2,567 

1,127 

514 

1 

45  to  64  vears 

3,331 

482 

1,625 

446 

778 

55  to  64  vears  

1,967 

261 

879 

149 

677 

1 

65  years'and  over 

1,139 

172 

372 

33 

562 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Total 

27,619 

19,648 

4,760 

2,474 

736 

1 

Under  15  years    

12,  915 

12,  914 

1 

15  to  17  years  

1,438 

1,425 

1 

11 

1 

18  and  19  years 

1,011 

963 

5 

42 

1 

20  vears  

747 

659 

31 

56 

1 

21  to  24  years 

1  595 

1  192 

203 

194 

6 

25  to  29  years.         

2,277 

1,079 

666 

508 

24 

30  to  34  vears  

1,794 

519 

743 

488 

44 

35  to  44  years 

2  667 

522 

1  314 

718 

113 

4o  to  54  years.  .         

1,673 

216 

952 

317 

188 

55  to  64  years 

964 

102 

571 

114 

176 

1 

65  years  and  over  

538 

57 

273 

26 

182 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total 

28  422 

18  869 

5  107 

2  358 

2  085 

Under  15  years  

12,  271 

12,255 

3 

13 

15  to  17  years  

1,712 

1,620 

39 

53 

18  and  19  years  

1,265 

1  004 

137 

122 

2 

20  years  

990 

636 

173 

175 

6 

21  to  24  vears  

1,815 

905 

561 

331 

17 

1 

25  to  29  years. 

2  638 

912 

1  007 

654 

64 

1 

30  to  34  years  

1,909 

501 

854 

430 

124 

35  to  44  years 

2  560 

496 

1  253 

409 

401 

I 

45  to  54  years  

1,658 

266 

673 

129 

590 

55  to  64  years  

1,003 

159 

308 

35 

501 

65  years  and  over  

601 

115 

99 

7 

380 

218 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  t»j  age,  sex,  race,  and  natirilif—  Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA— Continued. 

FOREIGN  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total  

764 

286 

342 

63 

72 

1 

Under  15  years  

35 

35 

15  to  17  years  

19 

19 

18  and  19  years  

24 

23 

1 

20  years  

16 

13 

1 

1 

21  to  24  years  

56 

43 

9 

3 

1 

25  to  29  years  

88 

47 

35 

4 

2 

30  to  34  years  

75 

23 

44 

6 

2 

35  to  44  years  

194 

47 

120 

23 

3 

1 

45  to  54  years  

123 

19 

72 

17 

15 

55  to  64  years  

77 

8 

40 

6 

23 

65  years  and  over  

58 

9 

21 

2 

a; 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Total 

663 

249 

297 

58 

48 

1 

Under  15  years  

19 

19 

15  to  17  years  

16 

16 

18  and  19  years  

22 

21 

1 

20  years  

12 

11 

1 

21  to  24  years  

50 

39 

7 

3 

1 

25  to  29  years  

73 

46 

23 

3 

1 

30  to  34  years 

64 

23 

34 

5 

2 

35  to  44  years  

174 

40 

109 

22 

2 

1 

45  to  54  years  

114 

19 

66 

16 

13 

65  to  64  years  

66 

8 

37 

5 

16 

65  years  and  over  

43 

7 

21 

2 

13 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total  

Ill 

37 

45 

5 

24 

Under  15  years  

16 

16 

15  to  17  years  

3 

3 

18  and  19  years  

2 

2 

20  years  

3 

2 

1 

21  to  24  years  

6 

4 

2 

25  to  29  years  

16 

1 

12 

1 

^ 

30  to  34  years  

11 

10 

1 

35  to  44  years  

20 

7 

11 

1 

^ 

46  to  54  years. 

9 

6 

1 

2 

55  to  64  years  

11 

3 

1 

66  years  and  over  

15 

2 

13 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


219 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  se.r,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA-Continued. 

COLORED,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total  

55,181 

39,482 

6,822 

6,713 

2,161 

3 

Under  15  vears  

25,795 

25,784 

1 

10 

15  to  17  vears  

3,026 

2,906 

34 

86 

18  and  19  vears  

2,168 

1,833 

122 

212 

1 

20  years 

1  774 

1  333 

151 

284 

6 

21  to  24  years  

3,071 

1,848 

481 

720 

21 

1 

25  to  29  years 

4  761 

2  026 

1  105 

1  560 

71 

30  to  34  years  

3,586 

1,178 

1,089 

1,189 

129 

1 

35  to  44  years  

4,936 

1,241 

1,649 

1,620 

426 

1 

45  to  54  years  

3,223 

694 

1,241 

693 

595 

55  to  64  years. 

1,835 

386 

679 

258 

512 

65  years  and  over  

1,006 

254 

270 

81 

401 

COLORED  MALES. 


Total  

26,914            19,754 

3,379 

3,263 

647 

1 

Under  16  years  

13.  282             13,  282 

15  to  17  years  

1,352  i           1.339 

2 

ii 



18  and  19  years  

995                  943 

8 

43 

1 

20  vears 

809                  693 

28 

87 

21  to  24  vears    

1,418                  992 

144 

277 

4 

1 

25  to  29  years  

2,080                  9NJ 

429 

658 

10 

30  to  34  vears 

1,700                  564 

651 

660 

25 

35  to  44  years  

2,  390                  520 

871 

900 

99 

45  to  54  years  

1,545                  258 

673 

468 

146 

55  to  64  years 

936                  113 

475 

199 

149 

65  years  and  over  

437                   67 

198 

60 

112 

I 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Total  

28,237 

19,728              3,443 

3,450 

1,614 

2 

12,613 

12,  502                     1 

10 

15  to  17  years  

1,674 

1,567                   32 

75 



18  and  19  vears  

1,173 

890                  114 

169 

20  vears  

965 

640                  123 

197 

5 

21  to  24  vears  

1,653 

856                  337 

443 

17 

25  to  29  years  

2,681 

1,042                  676 

902 

61 

30  to  34  years 

1,886 

614                  638 

629 

104 

I 

35  to  44  years  

2,546 

721                  778 

720 

326 

1 

45  to  54  years  

1.678 

436                  568 

225 

449 

55  to  64  years.  ... 

899 

273                  204 

59 

363 

65  years  and  over  

569 

187                  72 

21 

289 

220 


REPOET    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  hy  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 
TOTAL  POPULATION,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total 

88,501 

61,  739 

11,962 

10,908 

3,825 

67 

Under  15  years.  

39,  731 

39,681 

3 

22 

1 

24 

15  to  17  years  

4,894 

4,6% 

63 

121 

4 

10 

18  and  19  years  

3,404 

2,920 

189 

291 

1 

3 

20  years  

2,615 

1,937 

214 

450 

10 

4 

21  to  24  years            

5,049 

3,164 

794 

1  050 

36 

5 

25  to  29  years                

7,463 

3,1% 

1,781 

2,384 

98 

4 

30  to  34  years  

5,664 

1,776 

1,752 

1,960 

175 

1 

35  to  44  years  

8,390 

2,035 

3,016 

2,705 

627 

45  to  54  years  

5,865 

1,243 

2,314 

1,282 

1,021 

6 

55  to  64  years  

3,371 

669 

1.254 

492 

958 

3 

65  years  and  over  

2,055 

422 

582 

151 

899 

1 

MALES. 


Total  

43,984 

31,587 

5,939 

5,446 

976 

36 

Under  15  years 

20,602 

20,588 

4 

10 

15  to  17  years  

2,273 

2,241 

6 

18 

3 

6 

18  and  19  years  

1,603 

1,525 

27 

49 

1 

1 

20  years  

1,171 

1,010 

41 

110 

6 

4 

21  to  24  years 

2,367 

1,746 

242 

370 

6 

4 

25  to  29  years  

3,433 

1,695 

703 

1,011 

22 

2 

30  to  34  years  

2,687 

873 

795 

973 

45 

1 

35  to  44  years  

4,172 

966 

1,517 

1,541 

145 

3 

45  to  54  years.        

2,955 

531 

1,317 

874 

231 

2 

55  to  64  years  

1,736 

276 

856 

365 

237 

2 

65  years  and  over  

985 

137 

436 

131 

280 

1 

FEMALES. 


Total  

44,517 

30,152 

6,023 

5,462 

2,849 

31 

Under  15  years  

19,129 

19,093 

o 

18 

1 

14 

15  to  17  years  

2,621 

2,455 

58 

103 

1 

4 

18  and  19  years  

1,801 

1,395 

162 

242 

2 

20  years  

1,444 

927 

173 

340 

4 

21  to  24  years  

2,682 

1,419 

552 

680 

30 

1 

25  to  29  years             ...  . 

4,030 

1,601 

1,078 

1,378 

76 

2 

30  to  34  years  

2,977 

903 

957 

987 

130 

36  to  44  years  

4,218 

1,069 

1,499 

1,164 

482 

4 

46  to  54  years  

2,910 

712 

997 

408 

790 

3 

55  to  64  years  

1,635 

393 

398 

127 

716 

1 

66  years  and  over 

1  070 

286 

146 

20 

619 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


221 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  <-un<lition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  anil  nativity — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO— Continued. 

NATIVE  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total         

40,246 

27,647 

6,661 

3,846 

2,058 

34 

Under  15  vears  

17,916 

17  892 

2 

6 

1 

15 

15  to  17  vears 

2  246 

2  158 

38 

47 

3 

18  and  19  years  .  . 

1  579 

1  355 

110 

112 

i' 

1 

•'i  i  vears  

1,152 

859 

113 

174 

5 

1 

21  to  24  vears  

2,397 

1,503 

480 

386 

26 

2 

25  to  29  vears.  ... 

3  430 

1  460 

1  045 

859 

64 

2 

30  to  34  vears  

2,635 

761 

1,045 

738 

91 

35  to  44  years  

3,865 

847 

1,737 

930 

346 

5 

45  to  •>!  vears. 

2,574 

461 

1,180 

401 

528 

4 

1  525 

218 

628 

151 

tat 

65  years  and  over  

927 

133 

381 

42 

468 

1 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Total  

r.'  vtf 

14,184 

3,200 

1,942 

502 

18 

Under  15  vears  

9  266 

9  257 

2 

7 

15  to  17  vears  

1,028 

1,018 

2 

5 

3 

18  and  19  vears  

722 

688 

16 

17 

1 

20  vears  

501 

441 

17 

39 

3 

1 

21  to  24  vears. 

1  110 

830 

145 

132 

2 

1 

25  to  29  vears  

1,590 

793 

407 

377 

12 

1 

30  to  34  vears  

1,227 

385 

454 

367 

21 

35  to  44  vears  . 

1  946 

436 

869 

555 

84 

2 

45  to  54  vears  

1,268 

195 

664 

291 

116 

2 

55  to  64  vears  

772 

99 

425 

120 

128 

65  vears  and  over  

416 

42 

201 

37 

135 

1 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total  

20  400 

13  463 

3  461 

1  904 

1  .\v, 

16 

Under  15  vears  

8  650 

8  635 

2 

4 

1 

g 

15  to  17  vears  

1,218 

1  140 

36 

42 

18  and  19  vears  

857 

667 

94 

95 

j 

20  vears  

651 

418 

96 

135 

2 

21  to  24  vears 

1  287 

673 

335 

254 

24 

j 

25  to  29  years  

1  840 

667 

63* 

482 

52 

1 

30  to  34  years  

1  408 

376 

591 

371 

70 

35  to  44  years 

1  919 

411 

868 

375 

262 

3 

45  to  54  vears  

1  306 

266 

516 

110 

412 

2 

65  to  64  vears  

753 

119 

203 

31 

400 

65  years  and  over  

511 

91 

82 

5 

333 

222 


REPORT    UN    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO— Continued. 

FOREIGN  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total               

559 

207 

221 

63 

68 

Under  15  years    

27 

27 

15  to  17  years  

12 

12 

18  and  19  years  

11 

10 

1 

20  years  

7 

5 

2 

21  to  24  years  

41 

28 

8 

5 

25  to  29  years.           

59 

37 

13 

8 

1 

30  to  34  years  

45 

14 

24 

6 

1 

35  to  44  years  

128 

37 

65 

21 

5 

46  to  54  years  

126 

20 

68 

17 

21 

55  to  64  years  

57 

11 

26 

3 

17 

65  years  and  over  

46 

6 

14 

3 

23 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Total  

449 

169 

185 

56 

39 

Under  15  years  

19 

19 

15  to  17  years        

8 

8 

18  and  19  years  

7 

7 

20  years  

6 

4 

2 

21  to  24  years 

34 

28 

3 

3 

25  to  29  years. 

47 

32 

8 

7 

80  to  34  years  

34 

13 

15 

6 

35  to  44  years  

108 

30 

56 

18 

4 

45  to  54  years 

112 

17 

66 

16 

13 

55  to  64  years  

40 

7 

22 

3 

8 

65  years  and  over  

34 

4 

13 

3 

14 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total  

110 

38 

36 

7 

29 

Under  15  years  

8 

8 

15  to  17  years  

4 

4 

18  and  19  years 

4 

3 

1 

20  years  

1 

1 

21  to  24  years  

7 

6 

2 

25  to  29  years  

12 

5 

5 

1 

1 

HO  to  34  years  

11 

1 

9 

1 

35  to  44  years. 

20 

7 

9 

3 

1 

45  to  54  years  

14 

3 

2 

1 

8 

65  to  64  years  

17 

4 

4 

9 

66  years  and  over 

12 

2 

1 

9 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


223 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  <m>l  mtUi-ity — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO— Continued. 

COLORED,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Laving 
togetheras 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total  

47,696 

33,885 

5,080 

6,999 

1,699 

33 

Under  15  years 

21  788 

21  762 

1 

16 

9 

15  to  17  years  

2,636 

2,526 

25 

74 

4 

7 

1  814 

1  555 

78 

179 

2 

20  years  

1,456 

1,073 

99 

276 

5 

3 

21  to  24  years  

2,611 

1,633 

306 

659 

10 

3 

25  to  29  years  .... 

3,974 

1,699 

723 

1,517 

33 

2 

30  to  34  vears  

2,984 

1,001 

683 

1,216 

83 

1 

35  to  44  years.          .  . 

4,397 

1,151 

1,214 

1,754 

276 

2 

45  to  54  years  

3,165 

762 

1.066 

864 

472 

1 

55  to  64  years  

1,789 

440 

600 

338 

408 

3 

65  years  and  over  

1,082 

283 

285 

106 

408 

COLORED  MALES. 


Total  

23,689 

17,234 

2,554 

3,448                 435 

18 

Under  15  years  

11,317 

11,312 

2  ... 

3 

15  to  17  years  

1,237 

1,215 

3 

13                    3 

3 

18  and  19  years  

874 

830 

11 

32   

1 

20  years  

664 

565 

22 

71                    3 

3 

21  to  24  years  

1,223 

887 

94 

235                     4 

3 

25  to  29  years 

1  7% 

870 

288 

627                   10 

1 

30  to  34  years  

1,426 

475 

326 

600                   24 

1 

35  to  44  years  

2,118 

500 

592 

968                   57 

1 

45  to  54  years. 

1,575 

319 

587 

567  i               102 

55  to  64  years  

924 

170 

409 

242                 101 

2 

65  years  and  over  

535 

91 

222 

91                  131 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Total  

24,007 

16,651 

2  526 

3  551 

1  264 

15 

Under  15  years  

10,471 

10,450 

1 

14 

6 

15  to  17  years  

1  399 

1  311 

22 

61 

1 

4 

18  and  19  years  

940 

726 

67 

147 

1 

20  years  

792 

508 

77 

205 

2 

21  to  24  years  

1,388 

746 

212 

424 

6 

25  to  29  years  

2,178 

829 

435 

890 

23 

1 

30  to  34  years  

1,558 

526 

357 

616 

59 

35  to  44  veare.  

2,279 

651 

622 

786 

219 

45  to  54  years  

1,590 

443 

479 

297 

370 

1 

55  to  64  years  

865 

270 

191 

% 

307 

1 

65  years  and  over  

547 

192 

63 

15 

277 

224 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continual. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 
TOTAL  POPULATION,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total            

127,566 

87,294 

22,  573 

10  428 

7  180 

91 

Under  15  years  

52,802 

52,738 

5 

2 

5 

52 

15  to  17  years  

7,611 

7,385 

125 

92 

4 

5 

18  and  19  years 

5  495 

4  887 

361 

228 

14 

g 

20  vears 

4,050 

3  073 

521 

426 

27 

3 

21  to  24  years  

8,0% 

5,251 

1  714 

1  062 

66 

3 

25  to  29  years  

11,078 

4,861 

3  770 

2  167 

287 

3 

30  to  34  years  

9,001 

2,762 

3,746 

2  010 

477 

g 

35  to  44  years  

13,029 

3,033 

5,927 

2  654 

1  409 

| 

45  to  54  years  

8,493 

1,771 

3,705 

1,209 

1  805 

3 

55  to  64  years 

4,928 

951 

1,844 

439 

1  692 

2 

65  years  and  over  

2,983 

592 

855 

139 

1  394 

3 

MALES. 


Total  

62,750 

44,484 

11,190 

5,206 

1,826 

44 

Under  15  years  

27,071 

27,039 

1 

4 

25 

15  to  17  years  

3,415 

3,403 

3 

6 

1 

2 

18  and  19  years  

2,588 

2  519 

27 

37 

i) 

3 

20  vears              

1,786 

1,634 

64 

79 

H 

2 

21  to  24  years  

3,958 

3,132 

458 

358 

9 

1 

25  to  29  years  

5,071 

2,623 

1,428 

955 

62 

3 

30  to  34  years  

4,405 

1,425 

1,876 

975 

124 

5 

35  to  44  years  

6,571 

1,441 

3,247 

1,558 

325 

45  to  54  years.        

4,153 

726 

2,210 

800 

415 

2 

55  to  64  years  

2,352 

339 

1,239 

326 

447 

1 

65  vears  and  over  

1,380 

203 

636 

111 

430 

. 

FEMALES. 


Total  

64,816 

42,810 

11,383 

5,222 

5,354 

47 

Under  15  years 

25  731 

25  699 

3 

1 

1 

27 

15  to  17  vears 

4,196 

3,982 

122 

86 

3 

3 

18  and  19  years  

2,907 

2,368 

334 

191 

12 

2 

20  years  

2,264 

1,  439 

457 

347 

20 

1 

21  to  24  years  

4,138 

2,119 

1,256 

704 

57 

2 

25  to  29  years  

6,007 

2,228 

2,342 

1,212 

225 

30  to  34  years 

4  5% 

1,337 

1  870 

1  035 

353 

1 

35  to  44  years 

6,458 

1,592 

2,680 

1,096 

1,084 

6 

45  to  54  years  

4,340 

1,045 

1,495 

409 

1,390 

1 

55  to  64  years  

2,576 

612 

605 

113 

1,245 

1 

65  years  and  over  

1,603 

389 

219 

28 

964 

3 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


225 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sea-,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ— Continued. 

NATIVE  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total  r  

80,564 

54,  IV2 

15,  613 

5,938 

4,787 

54 

33  406 

33  360 

3 

2 

41 

15  to  17  vears 

4,7% 

4,660 

78 

55 

2 

1 

18  and  19  years  

3,539 

3,118 

266 

144 

9 

2 

2,540 

1  917 

346 

258 

19 

21  to  24  years 

5,196 

3,302 

1,249 

606 

38 

1 

25  to  29  vears  

7,108 

2,954 

2,670 

1,282 

201 

1 

30  to  34  years 

5,760 

1,652 

2,593 

1,191 

322 

2 

35  to  44  years  

8,209 

1,650 

4,099 

1,505 

952 

3 

45  to  54  years  

5,221 

8M 

2,502 

638 

1,196 

1 

55  to  64  years 

2,976 

451 

1,232 

192 

1,100 

1 

65  vears  and  over  .        

1,813 

224 

675 

65 

948 

1 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Total                 

39,625 

27,943 

7,553 

2,929 

1,176 

24 

Under  15  vears        

17,072 

17,051 

1 

1 

19 

15  to  17  years  

2,149 

2,144 

1 

3 

1 

18  and  19  years       

1,676 

1  631 

19 

24 

2 

20  vears       

1,117 

1,029 

40 

44 

4 

21  to  24  vears 

2  553 

2  030 

316 

200 

7 

25  to  29  vears    

3,236 

1,648 

1,004 

538 

45 

1 

30  to  34  years  

2,820 

900 

1,270 

577 

72 

1 

35  to  44  years 

4,136 

830 

2,197 

898 

211 

45  to  54  years  

2,586 

407 

1,463 

444 

271 

1 

55  to  64  years  

1,425 

186 

814 

150 

274 

1 

65  vears  and  over  

855 

87 

428 

60 

290 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total  

40,939 

26  229 

8  060 

3  009 

3,611 

30 

Under  15  years        

16  334 

16  309 

2 

1 

22 

15  to  17  years  

2,647 

2,516 

77 

52 

2 

18  and  19  years  

1  863 

1  487 

247 

120 

7 

2 

20  years  

1,423 

888 

306 

214 

15 

21  to  24  years  

2,643 

1,272 

933 

406 

31 

1 

25  to  29  years        

3  872 

1  306 

1  666 

744 

156 

30  to  34  vears  

2,940 

752 

1,323 

614 

250 

1 

35  to  44  years  

4,073 

820 

1,902 

607 

741 

3 

45  to  54  years              ...  . 

2,635 

477 

1,039 

194 

925 

55  to  64  years  

1,551 

265 

418 

42 

826 

65  vears'and  over  

958 

137 

147 

15 

658 

1 

REPORT    Off   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ— Continued. 

FOREIGN  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total               -  

1,480 

612 

601 

126 

141 

Under  15  years  

99 

99 

15  to  17  years  

46 

42 

3 

18  and  19  years  

37 

35 

2 

20  vears  

18 

17 

1 

21  to  24  years  

111 

90 

18 

7 

1 

25  to  29  years  

185 

111 

56 

14 

4 

30  to  34  years  

188 

59 

102 

20 

7 

35  to  44  years  

309 

63 

184 

38 

24 

45  to  54  years  

250 

59 

142 

23 

26 

55  to  64  years.  

138 

24 

65 

16 

33 

100 

13 

33 

7 

46 

i 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Total               

1,099 

454 

460 

H7 

68 

Under  15  years  

56 

56 

15  to  17  years  

32 

32 

28 

27 

1 

16 

16 

85 

73 

6 

7 

25  to  29  years  

147 

98 

36 

13 

30  to  34  years  

134 

44 

68 

18 

4 

35  to  44  years  

238 

46 

146 

36 

11 

190 

38 

117 

22 

13 

102 

14 

68 

15 

15 

71 

10 

29 

7 

25 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total  

381 

158 

141 

8 

73 

1 

Under  15  years  

43 

43 

13 

10 

3 

9 

8 

1 

2 

1 

1 

26 

17 

8 

1 

25  to  29  years            

38 

13 

20 

1 

4 

64 

15 

34 

2 

3 

71 

17 

38 

3 

13 

60 

21 

25 

1 

13 

36 

10 

7 

1 

18 

29 

3 

4 

21 

1 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 

TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  <-uii<lifi<>n,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ— Continued 

COLORED,  BOTH  SEXES. 


227 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total  

45,622 

32,  510 

6,359 

4,365 

2,252 

36 

Under  15  years         * 

19,297 

19,279 

2 

5 

11 

15  to  17  years      

2,770 

2,683 

44 

37 

2 

4 

18  and  19  years  

1,919 

1,734 

93 

84 

5 

3 

20  years  

1,492 

1,139 

174 

168 

8 

3 

21  to  24  years  

2,789 

1,859 

462 

449 

27 

2 

25  to  29  years  

3,785 

1,786 

1,044 

871 

82 

2 

30  to  34  years.          

3,053 

1,051 

1,051 

799 

148 

4 

35  to  44  years  

4,511 

1,320 

1,644 

1,111 

433 

3 

45  to  54  years 

3,022 

828 

1,061 

548 

583 

2 

55  to  64  years  

1,814 

476 

547 

231 

559 

1 

65  years  and  over  

1,070 

355 

247 

67 

400 

1 

COLORED  MALES. 


Total  

22,026 

16,087 

3,177 

2,160 

582 

20 

Under  15  years  

9,943 

9,932 

1 

4 

6 

16  to  17  years  

1,234 

1,227 

2 

3 

1 

1 

18  and  19  years  

884 

861 

7 

13 

3 

20  years  

653 

589 

24 

35 

3 

2 

21  to  24  years  

1,320 

1,029 

137 

151 

2 

1 

25  to  29  years  

1,688 

877 

388 

404 

17 

2 

30  to  34  years  

1,461 

481 

538 

380 

48 

4 

35  to  44  years  

2,197 

566 

904 

625 

103 

45  to  54  veare  

1,377 

281 

630 

334 

131 

1 

55  to  64  years  

825 

139 

367 

161 

158 

65  years  and  over  

464 

106 

179 

54 

115 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Total  

23,496 

16,423 

3,182 

2  205 

1,670 

16 

Under  15  years  

9,354 

9,347 

1 

1 

5 

15  to  17  years  

1,536 

1,456 

42 

34 

1 

3 

18  and  19  years  

1,035 

873 

86 

71 

5 

20  years  

839 

550 

150 

133 

5 

1 

21  to  24  years 

1  469 

830 

315 

298 

25 

1 

25  to  29  years  

2,097 

909 

666 

467 

66 

30  to  34  vears  

1,602 

570 

513 

419 

100 

35  to  44  years 

2  314 

755 

740 

486 

330 

3 

45  to  64  years  

1,645 

547 

431 

214 

452 

1 

55  to  64  years  

989 

337 

180 

70 

401 

1 

65  years  and  over  

616 

249 

68 

13 

286 

1 

228 


REPORT    OX    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  <•< n »Ht ion,  l»j  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 
TOTAL  POPULATION,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total  

203,191 

142,864 

30,957 

20,083 

9,254 

33 

Under  15  years  

87,  732 

87,667 

8 

46 

1 

10 

15  to  17  years  

11,602 

11,178 

179 

237 

5 

3 

18  and  19  years      

8,413 

7,324 

503 

575 

7 

4 

20  years  

6,566 

4,991 

651 

894 

28 

2 

21  to  24  years  

13,326 

8,622 

2,381 

2,216 

103 

4 

25  to  29  years  

18,792 

8,553 

5,132 

4,726 

378 

3 

30  to  34  years  

13,  731 

4,590 

4,947 

3,628 

566 

1 

35  to  44  years 

19,505 

6,011 

7,872 

4,790 

1,830 

2 

45  to  54  years  

12,821 

2,823 

5,374 

2,087 

2,535 

2 

55  to  64  years  

6,760 

1,263 

2,720 

667 

2,110 

65  years  and  over  

3,943 

842 

1,190 

217 

1,692 

2 

MALES. 


Total  

101,967 

73,846 

15,407 

10,044 

2,638 

22 

Under  15  years  

46,154 

45,141 

2 

6 

1 

4 

15  to  17  years  

5,305 

5,269 

7 

26 

1 

2 

18  and  19  years  

4,034 

3,894 

40 

95 

1 

4 

20  years  

3,031 

2,703 

112 

207 

7 

2 

21  to  24  years  

6,625 

5,056 

689 

859 

20 

1 

25  to  29  years  

9,149 

4,789 

2,103 

2,151 

103 

3 

30  to  34  years 

6  828 

2,427 

2,377 

1,888 

135 

1 

35  to  44  years  

10,000 

2,507 

4,240 

2,772 

479 

2 

45  to  54  years  

6,491 

1,269 

3,147 

1,379 

694 

2 

55  to  64  years 

3,477 

618 

1,804 

490 

665 

65  years  and  over         ... 

1,863 

273 

886 

171 

532 

1 

FEMALES. 


Total  

101,234 

69,  018 

15,550 

10,039 

6,616 

11 

Under  15  years 

42  578 

42,526 

6 

40 

6 

15  to  17  years  

6,297 

5,909 

172 

211 

4 

1 

4  379 

3  430 

463 

480 

6 

3  535 

2  288 

539 

687 

21 

21  to  24  years  

6,701 

3,566 

1,692 

1,357 

83 

3 

9  643 

3  764 

3  029 

2,576 

275 

30  to  34  years 

6  903 

2  163 

2  570 

1,740 

430 

9  505 

2  504 

3  632 

2,018 

1,351 

6  330 

1  554 

2,227 

708 

1,841 

55  to  64  years                .... 

3,283 

745 

916 

177 

1,445 

65  years  and  over  

2,080 

569 

304 

46 

1,160 

1 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION.  220 

TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  %  age,  sex,  race,  and  iiativUy — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE— Continued. 
NATIVE  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total               

118,784 

82,443 

20,803 

9,649 

5,868 

21 

Under  15  years            .  .  . 

51,776 

51,  729 

7 

30 

1 

9 

15  to  17  years  

6,994 

6,751 

111 

127 

3 

2 

18  and  19  years 

4,970 

4,305 

364 

294 

5 

2 

20  years          

3,809 

2,872 

461 

453 

22 

1 

21  to  24  years  

7,992 

6,101 

1,6% 

1,129 

63 

3 

25  to  29  years 

10,990 

4,819 

3,571 

2,356 

243 

1 

30  to  34  years  

8,014 

2,357 

3,456 

1,830 

371 

35  to  44  years  

11,033 

2,453 

5,255 

2,171 

1,153 

1 

45  to  54  years. 

7,108 

1,233 

3,373 

906 

1,595 

1 

55  to  64  years  

3,839 

520 

1,731 

267 

1,321 

65  years  and  over 

2,259 

303 

778 

86 

1,091 

1 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Total  !          59,282 

42,751 

10,004 

4,877 

1,639 

11 

Under  15  years                           26  534 

26  526 

1 

2 

j 

4 

15  to  17  years.          .        .              3,  159 

3,137 

4 

16 

1 

1 

18  and  19  years  2,  358 

2,279 

27 

49 

1 

2 

20  years   .      .                                1,  719 

1,547 

66 

98 

7 

1 

21  to  24  years..  3,970 

3,053 

479 

421 

17 

25  to  29  years  5,330 

2,733 

1,425 

1,106 

65 

1 

30  to  34  vears  4,  042 

1,299 

1,629 

1,024 

90 

35  to  44  years  6,  627 

1,276 

2,768 

1  284 

298 

1 

45  to  54  years  3,545 

594 

1,917 

615 

418 

1 

56  to  64  years  1,  931 

218 

1,112 

194 

407 

65  years  and  over  1,  067 

89 

576 

68 

334 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total  

59,502 

39,692 

10,799 

4,772 

4  229 

10 

Under  15  years  

25,242 

25,203 

6 

28 

5 

15  to  17  years  

3,835 

3  614 

107 

111 

2 

1 

18  and  19  years  

2,612 

2,026 

337 

245 

4 

20  vears  

2,090 

1,325 

395 

355 

15 

21  to  24  years  

4,022 

2,048 

1,217 

708 

46 

3 

25  to  29  years  

5,660 

2,086 

2,146 

1  250 

178 

30  to  34  years  

3,972 

1,058 

1,827 

806 

281 

35  to  44  years  

5,406 

1,177 

2,487 

887 

855 

45  to  54  years  

8,563 

639 

1,456 

291 

1  177 

65  to  64  years  

1,908 

302 

619 

73 

914 

65  years  and  over  

1,192 

214 

202 

18 

757 

1 

230 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XV. — Gonjugal  condition,  /»»/  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE— Continued. 

FOEEIGN  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total.             

2,403 

1,053 

926 

197 

9?9 

5 

Under  15  years 

120 

120 

15  to  17  vears            

53 

51 

1 

1 

18  and  19  years  

66 

58 

8 

20  years  

52 

41 

7 

3 

1 

21  to  24  years  

210 

166 

34 

9 

1 

25  to  29  years  

342 

198 

103 

33 

6 

2 

30  to  34  years  

337 

152 

137 

36 

11 

1 

35  to  44  years  

512 

146 

281 

61 

33 

1 

45  to  54  years  

390 

80 

215 

36 

58 

1 

55  to  64  years  

207 

27 

102 

23 

55 

65  years  and  over  

114 

14 

38 

5 

67 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Total...  .            

1,886 

849 

729 

189 

114 

5 

Under  15  years  

69 

59 

15  to  17  years.         .      ... 

44 

43 

1 

18  and  19  years  

49 

49 

20  years  

36 

32 

1 

3 

21  to  24  years  

163 

141 

13 

9 

25  to  29  years  

276 

171 

71 

29 

3 

2 

30  to  34  years  

275 

134 

99 

34 

7 

1 

35  to  44  years  

425 

120 

236 

51 

18 

1 

45  to  54  years  

318 

65 

186 

35 

31 

1 

55  to  64  years.                ... 

162 

23 

88 

22 

29 

65  years  and  over  

79 

12 

36 

5 

26 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total 

617 

204 

197 

8 

108 

Under  15  years...         ... 

61 

61 

15  to  17  years  

9 

8 

1 

18  and  19  years  

17 

9 

8 

20  years  

16 

9 

6 

1 

21  to  24  years 

47 

25 

21 

1 

25  to  29  years. 

66 

27 

32 

4 

3 

30  to  34  years.          

62 

18 

38 

2 

4 

36  to  44  years  

87 

26 

46 

15 

46  to  54  years 

72 

15 

29 

1 

27 

56  to  64  years         .  .     .... 

45 

4 

14 

1 

26 

65  years  and  over  

35 

2 

2 

31 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


231 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OP  PONCE-Continued. 

COLORED,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total 

82,004 

59  368 

9,228 

10,237 

3,164 

7 

Under  15  years 

35,836 

35  818 

1 

16 

1 

15  to  17  years  

4.565 

4,376 

67 

109 

2 

1 

18  and  19  years  

3,377 

2,961 

131 

281 

2 

2 

20  years  

2,705 

2  078 

183 

438 

5 

1 

21  to  24  years  

5.124 

3,355 

651 

1,078 

39 

1 

25  to  29  years 

7  460 

3  536 

1  458 

2  337 

129 

30  to  34  vears 

5,380 

2  081 

1,354 

1,762 

183 

35  to  44  years  

7,960 

2,412 

2,336 

2,568 

644 

45  to  54  years 

5  323 

1  510 

1,786 

1,145 

882 

55  to  64  years  

2,714 

716 

887 

377 

734 

65  years  and  over  

1,570 

525 

374 

126 

544 

1 

COLORED  MALES. 


Total  

40,  789 

30,246 

4,674 

4,978 

885 

6 

Under  15  years  

18,561 

18,556 

1 

4 

15  to  17  years  

2,102 

2,089 

3 

9 

1 

18  and  19  years  

1  627 

1,566 

18 

46 

2 

20  years  

1,276 

1,124 

45 

106 

1 

•21  to  24  years  

2,492 

1,862 

197 

429 

3 

1 

25  to  29  years  

3,543 

1,885 

607 

1  016 

35 

30  to  34  years  

2,511 

994 

649 

830 

38 

35  to  44  years.. 

3  948 

1  111 

1  237 

1  437 

163 

45  to  54  years  

2,628 

610 

1,044 

729 

245 

55  to  64  years  

1,384 

277 

604 

274 

229 

65  years  and  over  . 

717 

172 

274 

98 

172 

1 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Total  

41,  215 

29  122 

4  554 

5  259 

2  279 

1 

Under  15  years  

17,275 

17,  262 

12 

1 

15  to  17  vears  

2,453 

2  287 

64 

100 

2 

18  and  19  years  

1,750 

1,395 

118 

235 

2 

20  years  

1,429 

954 

138 

332 

5 

21  to  24  years  

2,632 

1,493 

454 

649 

36 

25  to  29  years  

3,917 

1,651 

851 

1,321 

94 

30  to  34  years  

2,869 

1,087 

705 

932 

145 

35  to  44  years  

4,012 

1,301 

1,099 

1,131 

481 

45  to  54  years  

2,695 

900 

742 

416 

637 

55  to  64  years  

1,330 

439 

283 

103 

605 

66  years  and  over  

853 

353 

100 

28 

372 

232 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  natirity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  PONCE. 
TOTAL  POPULATION,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total                      

27,952 

19,986 

3,918 

2,427 

1,615 

6 

Under  15  years 

9  096 

9,094 

2 

15  to  17  years.           ...  . 

1,762 

1,700 

41 

18 

2 

1 

18  and  19  years      

1,410 

1,239 

94 

75 

2 

20  years     

886 

716 

71 

96 

3 

21  to  24  years  

2,537 

1,835 

361 

323 

17 

1 

25  to  29  years 

3,136 

1,786 

703 

570 

76 

2 

30  to  34  years.           

2,317 

1,105 

632 

462 

118 

35  to  44  years.            

3,194 

1,250 

1,044 

528 

371 

1 

45  to  54  years  

1,995 

737 

601 

234 

422 

1 

55  to  64  vears  

1,094 

331 

297 

93 

373 

65  years  and  over  

525 

194 

74 

26 

231 

MALES. 


Total  

13,197 

9,674             1,966 

1,212 

339 

6 

Under  15  years  

4,547 

4,547     . 

15  to  17  years  

7% 

794                     1 



1 

18  and  19  years  

632 

616                     6 

10 

20  years  

364 

335                     9 

20 

21  to  24  years. 

1,231 

1,009                 101 

117 

3 

1 

25  to  29  years  

1,518 

895                 312 

288 

21 

30  to  34  vears  

1,089 

525                 299 

242 

23 

35  to  44  years  

1,511 

542                  599 

306 

63 

1 

45  to  54  years.              .  .  . 

863 

255                  386 

140 

81 

55  to  64  years  

470 

106                  198 

69 

97 

65  years  and  over  

176 

50                  55 

20 

51 

FEMALES. 


Total  

14,755 

10,312 

1,952 

1,216 

1,276 

Under  15  years  

4  549 

4  547 

2 

15  to  17  vears  

966 

906 

40 

18 

2 

18  and  19  years  

778 

623 

88 

65 

2 

20  years  

522 

381 

62 

76 

3 

21  to  24  years  

1,306 

826 

260 

206 

14 

25  to  29  years  

1,618 

890 

391 

282 

55 

30  to  34  years  

1,228 

580 

333 

220 

95 

35  to  44  years  

1,683 

708 

445 

222 

308 

45  to  54  years  

1,132 

482 

215 

94 

341 

55  to  64  years  

624 

225 

99 

24 

276 

65  years  and  over  

349 

144 

19 

6 

180 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


233 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  <;,iniiti<>n,  /<//  n<ji\  .svj-,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
CITY  OF  PONCE— Continued. 
NATIVE  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total 

14,268 

10,060 

2,305 

957 

946 

Under  15  vears 

4,990 

4,990 

957 

922 

24 

10 

1 

18  and  19  years 

740 

636 

66 

36 

2 

20  vears             

444 

346 

51 

45 

2 

21  to  24  years 

1  313 

944 

234 

127 

8 

25  to  29  years 

1,526 

852 

415 

216 

43 

30  to  34  years  

1,107 

460 

380 

1% 

71 

35  to  44  years 

1  535 

501 

601 

202 

231 

45  to  54  years 

916 

251 

324 

88 

252 

55  to  64  years 

513 

111 

166 

26 

210 

65  vears  and  over  

228 

47 

44 

11 

126 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Total  

6,764 

5,049 

1,065 

482 

168 

Under  15  years  

2,515 

2,515 

15  to  17  vears         

444 

443 

1 

18  and  19  years  

339 

330 

3 

6 

20  vears 

175 

164 

4 

7 

21  to  24  years  

650 

536 

65 

47 

2 

25  to  29  years  

734 

433 

181 

108 

12 

30  to  34  vears          

530 

232 

169 

119 

10 

35  to  44  years  

699 

239 

317 

109 

34 

45  to  54  years 

402 

106 

193 

60 

43 

55  to  64  vears  

205 

39 

99 

18 

49 

65  vears  and  over  

71 

12 

33 

8 

18 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total  

7,504 

6,011 

1,240 

476 

778 

Under  15  years  

2,475 

2,475 

15  to  17  vears  

513 

479 

23 

10 

1 

18  and  19  vears  

401 

306 

63 

30 

2 

20  vears  

269 

182 

47 

38 

2 

21  to  24  years  

663 

408 

169 

80 

6 

25  to  29  years  

792 

419 

234 

108 

31 

30  to  34  years  

577 

228 

211 

77 

61 

35  to  44  vears  

836 

262 

284 

93 

197 

45  to  64  years  

513 

145 

131 

28 

209 

55  to  64  years  

308 

72 

67 

8 

161 

65  years  and  over  

157 

35 

11 

3 

108 

234 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
CITY  OF  PONCE— Continued. 
FOREIGN  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Living 

together  as 

Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

husband 
and  wife 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

by  mutual 

consent. 

Total  

1,182 

540 

451 

62 

125 

4 

Under  15  years  

88 

88 

15  to  17  years  

28 

28 

18  and  19  years  

34 

28 

6 

20  years  

21 

17 

3 

1 

21  to  24  years  

109 

79 

27 

2 

1 

25  to  29  years  

169 

93 

55 

16 

3 

2 

30  to  34  years  

161 

77 

65 

12 

7 

35  to  44  years  

251 

77 

137 

14 

22 

1 

45  to  54  years  

172 

36 

98 

10 

27 

1 

55  to  64  years  

106 

12 

61 

7 

36 

65  years  and  over  

43 

5 

9 

29 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Total  

847 

397 

335 

56 

55 

4 

Under  15  years  

41 

41 

15  to  17  years  

24 

24 

18  and  19  years  

21 

21 

20  years  

13 

12 

1 

21  to  24  years  

78 

66 

10 

2 

25  to  29  years  

128 

77 

35 

13 

1 

2 

30  to  34  years.  . 

120 

61 

45 

10 

4 

35  to  44  years  

189 

58 

106 

14 

10 

1 

45  to  54  years  

132 

24 

87 

9 

11 

1 

55  to  64  years. 

78 

10 

44 

7 

17 

65  years  and  over  

2S 

3 

8 

12 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total  

336 

143 

116 

6 

70 

Under  15  years  

47 

47 

15  to  17  years  

4 

4 

18  and  19  years  

13 

7 

6 

20  years  

8 

5 

3 

21  to  24  years  

31 

13 

17 

1 

25  to  29  years  

41 

16 

20 

3 

2 

30  to  34  years  

41 

16 

20 

2 

3 

35  to  44  years  

62 

19 

31 

12 

45  to  64  years  

40 

12 

11 

1 

16 

55  to  64  years  

28 

2 

7 

19 

66  years  and  over  

20 

2 

1 

17 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


235 


TABLE  XV. — Co/i/»</"/  '•mi'lii'mii,  l>a  ".'/'',  *''•'',  '''"''',  '""l  >"itivity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  PONCE— Continued. 

COLORED,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total  

12,502 

9,386 

1,162 

1,408 

544 

2 

4  018 

4  016 

2 

15  to  17  years 

777 

750 

17 

8 

1 

1 

636 

575 

22 

39 

421 

353 

17 

50 

1 

21  to  24  vears  

1,115 

812 

100 

194 

8 

1 

25  to  29  years 

1,441 

840 

233 

338 

30 

30  to  34  years 

1,049 

668 

187 

254 

40 

35  to  44  vears 

1  408 

672 

306 

312 

118 

908 

450 

179 

136 

143 

56  to  64  years 

475 

208 

80 

60 

127 

254 

142 

21 

15 

76 

COLORED  MALES. 


Total                               

5,586 

4,228 

666 

674 

116 

2 

Under  15  years 

1,991 

1,991 

15  to  17  years  

328 

327 

1 

18  and  19  years  

272 

265 

3 

4 

20  years  

176 

159 

12 

21  to  24  years  

503 

407 

26 

68 

1 

1 

25  to  29  vears  

656 

385 

96 

167 

8 

30  to  34  years  

439 

232 

86 

113 

9 

35  to  44  years  

623 

246 

176 

183 

19 

45  to  54  years  

329 

125 

106 

71 

27 

55  to  64  years  

*87 

57 

56 

44 

31 

65  years  and  over  .  .  •.  

82 

35 

14 

12 

21 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Total  

6,916 

6,158 

596 

734 

428 

Under  15  years  

2,027 

2,025 

2 

15  to  17  years  

449 

423 

17 

g 

1 

18  and  19  years  

364 

310 

19 

35 

20  years  

245 

194 

12 

38 

1 

21  to  24  years  

612 

405 

74 

126 

7 

25  to  29  years  

785 

456 

137 

171 

22 

30  to  34  years  

610 

336 

102 

141 

31 

35  to  44  years  

785 

427 

130 

129 

99 

45  to  54  years  

579 

325 

73 

66 

116 

55  to  64  years  

288 

151 

25 

16 

96 

65  vears  and  over  

172 

107 

7 

3 

55 

REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    KIOo,    ]XW>. 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  se.r,  race,  mul  n<i(iri(i/ — Continued. 

CITY  OF  SAN  JUAN. 
TOTAL  POPULATION,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Living 

together  as 

Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

husband 
and  wife 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

by  mutual 

consent. 

Total                   

32,048 

22,847 

4,594 

2,801 

1,804 

2 

Under  15  years    

10,091 

10,088 

2 

1 

15  to  17  years  

2,168 

2,099 

43 

23 

2 

1 

18  and  19  years      

1,691 

1,541 

74 

72 

4 

20  years  

1,028 

861 

80 

86 

0 

21  to  24  years  

3,013 

2,208 

377 

405 

23 

25  to  29  years  

3,567 

2,045 

798 

648 

76 

30  to  34  years 

2,569 

1,225 

748 

480 

116 

36  to  44  years 

3,698 

1,377 

1,273 

667 

381 

45  to  54  years          .    ... 

2,198 

711 

730 

285 

472 

55  to  64  years  

1,308 

450 

353 

105 

399 

1 

66  years  and  over  

717 

242 

116 

30 

329 

MALES. 


Total  

15,100 

11,088 

2,313 

1,397 

301 

1 

Under  15  years  

4.926 

4,925 

1 

16  to  17  years 

971 

966 

3 

2 

18  and  19  years     

842 

827 

6 

9 

20  years  

469 

434 

13 

22 

21  to  24  years  

1,502 

1,248 

99 

151 

4 

25  to  29  years  

1,754 

1,100 

323 

316 

15 

30  to  34  years  

1,275 

630 

384 

236 

25 

35  to  44  years         .  .  ..... 

1,708 

563 

719 

378 

58 

45  to  54  years  

929 

234 

447 

183 

65 

55  to  64  years  

604 

116 

238 

78 

71 

1 

65  years  and  over  

220 

66 

83 

21 

61 

FEMALES. 


Total  

16,948 

11,  759 

2,281 

1,404 

1,503 

1 

Under  15  years  

5,165 

5,163 

1 

1 

15  to  17  years  

1,197 

1,133 

43 

20 

1 

18  and  19  years  

849 

714 

68 

63 

4 

20  vears 

559 

427 

67 

63 

2 

21  to  24  years  

1  511 

960 

278 

254 

19 

25  to  29  years  

1,813 

945 

475 

332 

61 

30  to  34  years  

1,294 

595 

364 

244 

91 

35  to  44  years  

1,990 

824 

554 

289 

323 

45  to  54  years  

1,269 

477 

283 

102 

407 

55  to  64  years  

804 

334 

115 

27 

328 

65  vears  and  over  

497 

187 

33 

9 

268 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


237 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  ami  //'////•//// — Continued. 

CITY  OF  SAN  JUAN— Continued. 

NATIVE  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Laving 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total              

12,  391 

8,820 

2,096 

676 

799 

1 

4  401 

4  399 

1 

1 

15  to  17  years    .           

912 

879 

24 

7 

1 

1 

654 

583 

39 

31 

1 

20  years 

371 

315 

42 

14 

''1  to  24  years         

1,152 

836 

189 

115 

12 

1,260 

662 

397 

155 

46 

30  to  34  years 

898 

364 

353 

123 

58 

35  to  44  years  

1,272 

415 

537 

157 

163 

737 

179 

318 

51 

189 

55  to  64  years                

481 

118 

143 

17 

203 

65  years  and  over  

263 

70 

52 

5 

136 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Total  

5,541 

4,222 

902 

308 

109 

Under  15  years  

2,142 

2,141 

1 

15  to  17  years 

415 

413 

1 

1 

18  and  19  years  

310 

304 

2 

4 

20  years  

160 

151 

6 

3 

21  to  24  years  

553 

472 

39 

39 

3 

25  to  29  years  

551 

334 

143 

65 

9 

30  to  34  vears. 

413 

175 

166 

60 

12 

35  to  44  years  

500 

139 

253 

87 

21 

45  to  54  years  

268 

53 

165 

32 

18 

55  to  64  years  

164 

30 

95 

13 

26 

65  years  and  over  

65 

10 

32 

4 

19 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total  

6,850 

4,598 

1,193 

368 

690 

1 

Under  15  years  

2,259 

2,258 

1 

15  to  17  vears  

497 

466 

24 

6 

1 

18  and  19  vears  

344 

279 

37 

27 

1 

20  years  

211 

164 

36 

11 

21  to  24  vears  

599 

364 

150 

76 

9 

25  to  29  years  

709 

328 

254 

90 

37 

30  to  34  vears  

485 

189 

187 

63 

46 

35  to  44  years  

772 

276 

284 

70 

142 

45  to  54  years  

469 

126 

153 

19 

171 

55  to  64  vears  

307 

88 

48 

4 

167 

65  vears'and  over  

198 

60 

20 

1 

117 

238 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  SAN  JUAN— Continued. 

FOREIGN  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total  

2,872 

1,612 

956 

147 

156 

1 

Under  15  years  

209 

209 

15  to  17  years  

123 

122 

1 

18  and  19  years  

154 

146 

8 

20  years  

74 

63 

8 

3 

21  to  24  years  

299 

243 

46 

10 

25  to  29  years  

430 

280 

118 

29 

3 

30  to  34  years  

407 

219 

153 

30 

5 

35  to  44  years  

619 

211 

332 

44 

32 

45  to  54  years.  

328 

74 

189 

23 

42 

55  to  64  years  

148 

27 

76 

7 

37 

1 

65  years  and  over  

81 

18 

25 

1 

37 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Total           

2,190 

1,290 

699 

139 

61 

1 

Under  16  years  

112 

112 

15  to  17  years  

105 

105 

18  and  19  years.  

130 

129 

1 

20  years  

58 

54 

1 

3 

21  to  24  years  

242 

220 

13 

9 

25  to  29  years  

352 

254 

71 

27 

30  to  34  years  

328 

192 

106 

27 

3 

35  to  44  years  

462 

149 

258 

43 

12 

45  to  54  years  

247 

-49 

160 

22 

16 

55  to  64  years  

106 

16 

67 

7 

15 

1 

65  years  and  over  

48 

10 

22 

1 

15 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Total                 

682 

822 

257 

8 

95 

Under  15  years  

97 

97 



15  to  17  years  

18 

17 

1 

18  and  19  years            .... 

24 

17 

7 

20  years            

16 

9 

7 

21  to  24  years  

67 

23 

33 

1 

25  to  29  years  

78 

26 

47 

2 

3 

30  to  34  years  

79 

27 

47 

3 

2 

35  to  44  years 

157 

62 

74 

1 

20 

45  to  54  years 

81 

25 

29 

1 

26 

55  to  64  years 

42 

11 

9 

22 

66  years  and  over     

33 

8 

3 

22 

CONJUGAL    CONDITION. 


239 


TABLE  XV. — Conjugal  condition,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  SAN  JUAN— Continued. 

COLORED,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living 
together  as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Unknown. 

Total  

16,785 

12,416 

1,543 

1,978 

849 

Under  IB  years 

5  481 

5  480 

1 

15  to  17  years  

1,133 

1,098 

18 

16 

1 

18  and  19  years  

883 

812 

27 

41 

3 

20  years  

583 

483 

30 

68 

2 

21  to  24  years  

1,562 

1,129 

142 

280 

11 

25  to  29  years  

1,877 

1,103 

283 

464 

27 

30  to  34  years  

1,264 

642 

242 

327 

53 

35  to  44  years  

1  807 

751 

404 

466 

186 

45  to  54  years  

1,133 

458 

223 

211 

241 

55  to  64  years  

689 

305 

134 

81 

169 

65  years  and  over 

373 

154 

39 

24 

156 

COLORED  MALES. 


Total                                

7,369 

5,576 

712 

950 

131 

Under  15  years  

2,672 

2,672 

15  to  17  years  . 

451 

448 

2 

1 

18  and  19  years  

402 

394 

3 

5 

20  years  

251 

229 

6 

16 

21  to  24  years  

707 

556 

47 

103 

1 

25  to  29  vears  

851 

512 

109 

224 

6 

30  to  34  years  

534 

263 

112 

149 

10 

35  to  44  years  

746 

265 

208 

248 

25 

45  to  54  years  

414 

132 

122 

129 

31 

55  to  64  years  

234 

70 

76 

58 

30 

65  years  and  over  

107 

35 

29 

16 

27 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Total  

9,416 

6  839 

831 

1  028 

718 

Under  15  years  

2,809 

2,808 

1 

15  to  17  years  

682 

650 

18 

14 

18  and  19  years  

481 

418 

24 

36 

3 

20  years  

332 

254 

24 

62 

2 

21  to  24  years  

855 

573 

95 

177 

10 

25  to  29  vears  

1,026 

591 

174 

240 

21 

30  to  34  years  

730 

379 

130 

178 

43 

35  to  44  years  

1,061 

486 

196 

218 

161 

45  to  54  years  

719 

326 

101 

82 

210 

55  to  64  years  

455 

235 

58 

23 

139 

65  years  and  over  

266 

119 

10 

8 

129 

240 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


TABLE  XVI. — Illegitimate  children,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity. 
PORTO  RICO. 


i       Sex,  race,  and  nativity. 

All  ages. 

Under  5 
years. 

5to9 
years. 

10  to  14 
years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

25  years 
and  over. 

148,605 

55,445 

"42,648 

27,335 

13,076 

5,711 

4,390 

75,907 

28,168 

21,637 

14,344 

6,406 

3,142 

2,  210 

Females  

72,698 

27,277 

21,  Oil 

12,991 

6,670 

2,569 

2,180 

Native  white  

66,831 

26,419 

19,286 

12,093 

5,321 

2,246 

1,466 

Males                    

34,138 

13,332 

9,808 

6,270 

2,  629 

1,323 

776 

Females  

32,693 

13,087 

9,478 

5,823 

2,692 

923 

690 

Foreign  white  

24 

6 

2 

2 

6 

4 

4 

Males       

17 

6 

2 

1 

4 

1 

3 

Females  

7 

1 

2 

3 

1 

Colored  

81,750 

29,020 

23,360 

15,240 

7,749 

3,461 

2,920 

Males           

41,752 

14,830 

11,827 

8  073 

3  773 

1,818 

1,431 

Females  

39,998 

14,190 

11,533 

7  167 

3  976 

1,643 

1,489 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA. 


All  classes  

9,320 

3,374 

2,755 

1,748 

815 

367 

261 

Males                   

4,746 

1,718 

1,398 

899 

392 

208 

131 

Females       

4,574 

1,656 

1,357 

849 

423 

159 

130 

Native  white  

6,407 

2,410 

1,951 

1,172 

519 

220 

135 

Males               

3,303 

1,229 

1,017 

615 

246 

130 

66 

Females  

3,104 

1,181 

934 

557 

273 

90 

69 

Foreign  white  

Males  

Females  

Colored      

2,913 

964 

804 

576 

2% 

147 

126 

Males  

1,443 

489 

381 

284 

146 

78 

65 

Females  

1,470 

475 

423 

292 

150 

69 

61 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 


All  classes  

18,754 

7,067 

5,456 

3,466 

1,638 

671 

456 

Males      

9,508 

3,558 

•_'  7±! 

1,789 

7% 

380 

263 

Females  

9,246 

3,509 

2,734 

1,677 

842 

291 

193 

Native  white  

12,153 

4,811 

3,543 

2,158 

987 

404 

250 

Males  

6,129 

2,400 

1,752 

1,119 

473 

236 

149 

Females  

6,024 

2,411 

1,791 

1,039 

514 

168 

101 

Foreign  white  

1 

1 

1 

1 

Colored  

6,600 

2,256 

1,912 

1,308 

an 

267 

206 

Malfs       

3,378 

1,158 

969 

670 

323 

144 

114 

Females 

3,222 

1,098 

943 

638 

328 

123 

92 

ILLEGITIMATE    CHILDREN. 


241 


TABLE  XVI. — ]lt<.'</itiin<ite  children,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 


Sex,  race,  and  nativity.         All  ages. 

Under  5 
years. 

5to9 
years. 

10  to  14 
years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

25  years 
and  over. 

All  classes      24,759 

9,252 

7,049 

4,447 

2,153 

1,024 

834 

Males              12,577 

4,701 

3,525 

2,343 

1,059 

515 

434 

Females                                .       12,  182 

4,551 

3,524 

.  2,104 

1,094 

509 

400 

Native  white                                       7,741 

3,103 

2,202 

1,387 

572 

280 

197 

Males               3,949 

1,559 

1,123 

718 

292 

148 

109 

Females                                .         3,  792 

1,544 

1,079 

669 

280 

132 

88 

1 

2 

1 

Males                                                    2 

1 

1 

Females  2 

1 

1 

Colored             17,  014 

6,148 

4,847 

3,060 

1,579 

743 

637 

Males           8,  626 

3,141 

2,402 

1,025 

766 

367 

325 

Females                                         8,  388 

3,007 

2,445 

1,435 

813 

376 

312 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 


19,  743 

7,767 

5,911 

3,489 

1,522 

606 

448 

Males  

10,  174 

3,935 

3,085 

1,866 

745 

323 

220 

Females  

9,569 

3,832 

2,826 

1,623 

777 

283 

228 

Nntive  white              

7,603 

3,082 

2,262 

1,353 

554 

205 

147 

3,959 

1,559 

1,187 

718 

281 

125 

89 

Female*        

3,644 

1,523 

1,075 

635 

273 

80 

58 

Foreign  white      

1 

1 

Males  

Females   

1 

1 

Colored                  

12,  139 

4,685 

3  649 

2  136 

968 

401 

300 

6,215 

2  376 

1  898 

1,148 

464 

198 

131 

.  . 
Females  

5,924 

2,309 

1,751 

988 

504 

203 

169 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 


All  classes 

18,127 

6,927 

5  188 

3  341 

1  534 

647 

490 

Males 

>»  :::;>> 

3  539 

2  641 

1  783 

765 

350 

260 

Females 

8,789 

3,388 

2  547 

1  558 

769 

297 

230 

Native  white 

6,070 

2,466 

1  733 

1  092 

446 

205 

128 

Males 

3  140 

1  282 

StVS 

571 

232 

118 

69 

Females  

2,930 

1  184 

865 

521 

214 

87 

59 

Foreign  white  

3 

1 

1 

1 



Males  

3 

1 

1 

1 

Females  



Colored  

12  054 

4  460 

3  455 

2  248 

1  088 

442 

361 

Males  

6  195 

2  256 

1  773 

1  211 

533 

232 

190 

Females  

5.859 

2,204 

1  682 

1  037 

555 

210 

171 

8490—00- 


-16 


242 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    is'l'.i. 


TAKLE  XVI. — Illegitimate  childn  n,  f>//  </</<,  .sv.r,  run •,  /o/'/  mttirity — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


Sex,  race,  and  nativity. 

All  ages. 

Under  5 
years. 

5to9 
years. 

10  to  14 
years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

25  years 
ana  over. 

All  classes  

16,  111 

6,675 

4,554 

3,082 

1,606 

687 

/w 

' 

Males           

8,267 

2,915 

2,337 

1,595 

779 

3% 

215 

7,844 

2,760 

2,217 

1,487 

827 

291 

263 

Native  white  

8,218 

3,092 

2,334 

1,568 

739 

305 

180 

Males                           

4,221 

1,588 

1,189 

807 

356 

184 

97 

Females     

3,997 

1,504 

1,145 

761 

383 

121 

83 

5 

3 

2 

Males       

3 

3 

2 

2 

Colored               

7,888 

2,580 

2,220 

1,514 

867 

380 

327 

Males  

4,043 

1,324 

1,148 

788 

423 

212 

148 

Females      /       .... 

3,846 

1,256 

1,072 

726 

444 

168 

179 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 


34,459 

13,017 

9,925 

6  403 

2  908 

1,262 

944 

Males  

17,746 

6,643 

5,040 

3,385 

1,456 

7.56 

466 

Females  

16,  713 

6,374 

4,885 

3,018 

1,452 

506 

478 

Native  white  .                        ... 

16,231 

6,577 

4,646 

2,900 

1,265 

509 

334 

Males  

8,270 

3,301 

2,359 

1,498 

629 

320 

ira 

Females 

7  961 

3,276 

2  287 

1  402 

636 

189 

171 

Foreign  white  

6 

1 

1 

2 

1 

] 

Males 

5 

1 

2 

1 

1 

Females  

1 

1 

Colored 

18  222 

6  440 

6  278 

3  502 

1  641 

752 

609 

Males  

9,471 

3  342 

2,680 

1  887 

825 

435 

302 

Females  

8,751 

3,098 

2,598 

1,615 

816 

317 

307 

CITY  OF  PONCE. 


All  classes  

3,851 

1,191 

956 

774 

460 

235 

235 

Males 

1  881 

594 

477 

384 

217 

111 

98 

Females  

1,970 

597 

479 

390 

243 

124 

137 

Native  white  

1,547 

533 

407 

316 

156 

80 

55 

Males  

754 

261 

204 

152 

77 

40 

20 

•Females  

793 

272 

203 

164 

79 

40 

35 

Foreign  white  

1 

1 

Males  

1 

1 

Females  

Colored  

2,303 

658 

549 

458 

304 

155 

179 

Males  .. 

1  126 

333 

273 

232 

140 

71 

77 

Females  

1,177 

325 

276 

226 

164 

84 

102 

STATISTICS    OF    EDUCATION. 


243 


TAKI.K  X.VI. — Illegitimate  children,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
CITY  OF  SAN  JUAN. 


Sex,  race,  and  nativity. 

All  ages. 

Under  5 
years. 

5to9 
years. 

10  to  14 
years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

25  years 
and  over. 

All  classes            

3,481 

1,175 

854 

585 

440 

212 

215 

Males 

1,670 

565 

412 

300 

197 

103 

93 

Females  

1,811 

610 

442 

285 

243 

109 

122 

Native  white             

861 

345 

208 

147 

83 

38 

40 

Males 

413 

153 

109 

72 

43 

22 

14 

Females  

448 

192 

99 

75 

40 

16 

26 

Foreign  white                

3 

1 

2 

Males 

2 

1 

1 

Females  

1 

1 

Colored                    

2,617 

829 

646 

438 

355 

174 

175 

Males 

1,255 

411 

303 

228 

153 

81 

79 

Females  

1,362 

418 

343 

210 

202 

93 

96 

TABLE  XVII. — School  attendance,  literacy,  and  superior  education. 
PORTO  RICO. 


Department. 

Total 
popula- 
tion. 

Under  ten 
years  of  age. 

Ten  years  of  age  and  over. 

Superior 
education. 

Attended 
school. 

Did  not  at- 
tend school. 

Attended 
school. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

•o  a  oj 
°s  «£ 

0>  „  IH 

^«  ^ 

a  »o 

-  —  - 
o 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Not  stated. 

•1 
o> 

!H 

d 
fe 

Aguadilla  

99,645 
162,  308 
160,046 
111,  986 
88,501 
127,566 
203,  191 

878 
1,257 
2,312 
1,258 
948 
1,629 
2,  181 

30,460 
50,  219- 
46,821 
34,978 
27,014 
34,885 
59,109 

1,231 
2,111 
2,895 
1,992 
1,455 
2,675 
3,390 

56,853 
92,036 
78,  759 
60,253 
48,965 
65,  121 
107,  511 

1,161 
1,947 
3,786 
1,331 
1,085 
2,562 
3,508 

9,007 
14,  715 
24,747 
12,  149 
8,734 
20,628 
27,280 

55 
23 
726 
25 
300 
66 
212 

134 
348 
1,375 
350 
400 
1,531 
907 

99,511 
161,960 
158,  671 
111,636 
88,101 
126,  035 
202,284 

Arecibo  

Bayamon  

Guayama  

Humacao  

Mayaguez  

Ponce  

Porto  Rico  . 

953,  243 

10,463 

283,486 

15,  749 

509,498 

15,380 

117,  260 

1,407 

5,045 

948,198 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA. 


/ 
District. 

Total 
popula- 
tion. 

Under  ten 
years  of  age. 

Ten  years  of  age  and  over. 

Superior 
education. 

A  1  1  e  n  d  ed 
school. 

Did  not  at- 
tend school. 

Attended 
school. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

TJ  e  oj 
os  <s*3 
»  «  E 

hw  * 

as£ 
-  -  c 

0 

•O    . 

mS 

*'C 

•-  c 

«« 

o3  a 
O  s! 

Not  stated. 

• 
J 

d 
fc 

Aguada  

10,  581 
17,830 
14,888 
20,883 
12,410 
6,641 
16,412 

98 
302 
114 
158 
79 
26 
101 

3,353 
4,976 
4,570 
6,360 
3,990 
2,221 
4,990 

123 
349 
174 
224 
101 
64 
196 

6,249 
9,149 
8,541 
12,  071 
7,328 
3,959 
9,556 

107 
349 
214 
176 
94 
57 
164 

650 
2,703 
1,233 
1,887 
817 
313 
1,404 

1 

2 
42 
7 

j 

1 

6 
60 
9 
34 

I 

14 

10,  575 
17,  770 
14,879 
20,849 
12,404 
6,636 
16,398 

Aguadilla  

Isabela  

Lares  

Moca  

Rincon  

San  Sebastian.. 

The  department  . 

99,645 

878 

30,460 

1,231 

56,853 

1,161 

9,007 

55 

134 

99,611 

244 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XVII. — School  attendance,  literacy,  and  superior  education — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 


District. 

Total 
popula- 
tion. 

Under  ten 
years  of  age. 

Ten  years  of  age  and  over. 

Superior 
education. 

A  1  1  e  n  d  ed 
school. 

Did  not  at- 
tend school. 

Attended 
school. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

•o  e  o 

*  3S£ 

0>  V  E 

^«^ 
c  =  S 

--  o 
o 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Not  stated. 

i 

£ 

Arecibo  

36,910 
9,357 
10,887 
18,  115 
10,449 
13,  989 
11,309 
7,432 
43,860 

481 
47 
53 
92 
116 
135 
133 
66 
134 

10,236 
2,948 
3,417 
6,069 
3,322 
3,971 
3,796 
2,279 
14,  181 

678 
123 
127 
126 
139 
338 
246 
147 
187 

20,599 
5,217 
6,223 
10,421 
5,942 
7,887 
6,265 
4,032 
25,450 

599 
124 
103 
87 
111 
270 
117 
95 
441 

4,311 
898 
963 
1,310 
818 
1,387 
752 
813 
3,463 

6 

148 
9 
61 
12 
10 
54 
9 
7 
38 

36,762 
9,348 
10,  826 
18,  103 
10,  439 
13,935 
11,300 
7,425 
43,822 

Camuy 

1 
10 
1 
1 

Ciales  

Hatillo             

Manati  

Morovis 

Quebradillas 

Utuado  . 

4 

The  department  . 

162,308 

1,257 

50,219 

2,111 

92,036 

1,947 

14,  715 

23 

348 

161,960 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 


Bayamon  

19,940 

212 

6,951 

283 

10,704 

318 

2,456 

16 

63 

19,877 

Carolina  . 

11,965 

86 

3,815 

122 

6,528 

260 

1,149 

5 

21 

11,944 

Corozal  

11,508 

117 

4,012 

156 

6,441 

122 

660 

4 

11,504 

Dorado  

3,804 

43 

1,137 

64 

2,111 

46 

394 

9 

16 

3,788 

Loiza  

12,  522 

172 

4,168 

291 

6,662 

298 

927 

4 

63 

12,  459 

Naranjito 

8  101 

53 

2,576 

92 

4  856 

97 

402 

25 

13 

8  088 

Rio  Grande        .      .  . 

12,  365 

102 

4,186 

201 

6,524 

163 

1,172 

17 

40 

12,325 

Rio  Piedras  

13,760 

155 

4,234 

206 

7,184 

241 

1,722 

18 

71 

13,689 

San  Juan  

32,048 

1,028 

5,582 

959 

9,252 

1,785 

12,846 

5% 

971 

31,077 

Toa  Alta  . 

7,908 

57 

2,772 

99 

4,349 

63 

565 

3 

13 

7,895 

Toa  Baja  

4,030 

61 

1,214 

83 

2,058 

125 

488 

1 

10 

4,020 

TrujilloAHo  

5,683 

49 

2,083 

54 

2,893 

64 

517 

23 

29 

5,654 

Vega  Alta  

6,107 

59 

1,907 

85 

3,527 

68 

460 

1 

24 

6,083 

Vega  Baja 

10  305 

118 

3  184 

200 

5  670 

136 

989 

8 

37 

10  268 

The  department  . 

160,046 

2,  312 

46,  821 

2,895 

78,  759 

3,786 

24,  747 

726 

1,376 

158,  671 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 


Aguas  Buenas  

7,977 

41 

2,712 

130 

4,405 

88 

600 

1 

19 

7,958 

Arroyo  

4,867 

115 

1,225 

169 

2,519 

89 

749 

1 

24 

4,843 

Caguas  

19,857 

207 

6,124 

354 

10,  :r,S 

351 

2,481 

2 

30 

19,  827 

Cayey  

14,442 

194 

4,218 

286 

7,628 

195 

1  921 

45 

14  397 

Cidra  

7,552 

99 

2,361 

93 

4,308 

51 

640 

1 

7  651 

Comerio  

8,249 

79 

2,700 

178 

4,659 

54 

578 

1 

3 

8,246 

Guayama 

12  749 

272 

3  442 

365 

6  350 

209 

2  110 

1 

112 

12  637 

Gurabo. 

8  700 

64 

3,016 

109 

4  704 

87 

730 

18 

8  682 

Juncos  

8,429 

63 

2  720 

117 

4,607 

82 

832 

18 

16 

8  413 

Salinas  

6,731 

63 

1,750 

103 

3,224 

40 

561 

57 

5,674 

San  Lorenzo  

13,  433 

91 

4,710 

88 

7,611 

85 

947 

1 

25 

13  408 

The  department  . 

111,986 

1,258 

34,978 

1,992 

60,263 

1,331 

12,  149 

25 

350 

111,636 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 


Fajardo  

16,  782 

197 

5,277 

367 

8,495 

279 

2,163 

4 

63 

16  719 

Humacao                  .... 

14  313 

254 

4  018 

366 

7  4% 

184 

1  789 

206 

203 

1-1  110 

Maunabo  

6,221 

68 

1  872 

137 

3  682 

73 

399 

15 

6  206 

NiiRiuibo  

10,  873 

85 

3,496 

110 

6,187 

88 

906 

1 

39 

10  834 

I'atillas  

11,163 

49 

3,468 

82 

6,681 

90 

707 

86 

9 

11  154 

Piedras 

8,602 

37 

2  904 

66 

6  000 

46 

549 

9 

8  593 

Vieques  

6,642 

150 

1,745 

162 

3  288 

176 

1  119 

2 

22 

6  620 

Yabucoa  

13,905 

118 

4,234 

165 

8,136 

149 

1  102 

1 

40 

13  865 

The  department  . 

88,501 

948 

27,014 

1,455 

48,965 

1,085 

8,734 

300 

400 

88,101 

STATISTICS    OF    EDUCATION. 


245 


TABLE  XVII. — School  attendance,  literacy,  and  superior  education — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


District. 

Total 
popula- 
tion. 

Under  ten 
years  of  age. 

Ten  years  of  age  and  over. 

Superior 
education. 

Attended 
school. 

Did  not  at- 
tend school. 

Attended 
school. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 

write. 

•0  «  » 

cS  sS£ 

2«j, 
5*1 

o 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Not  stated. 

li 

(H 

1 

Anasco  

13,  311 
16,154 
3,215 
8,789 
11,279 
8,312 
35,700 
15,187 
10,560 
20,246 

166 
169 
30 
84 
52 
24 
720 
501 
102 
282 

3,939 
4,629 
898 
2,647 
3,390 
2,416 
8,471 
t,717 
3,199 
5,2% 

225 
360 
44 
140 
113 
49 
1,185 
717 
166 
393 

7,313 
8,292 
1,725 
4,713 
6,337 
4,836 
15,481 
k^Ul 
5,611 
10,813 

211 
369 
69 
117 
103 
41 
1,118 
789 
142 
402 

1,455 
2,341 
428 
1,073 
1,282 
940 
8,711 
5,819 
1,338 
3,060 

2 
4 
21 
15 
2 
6 
14 
5 
2 

245 
49 
6 
36 
69 
29 
813 
585 
112 
172 

13,066 
16,105 
3,209 
8,753 
11,210 
8,283 
34,887 
U,6Ot 
10,448 
20,074 

Cabo  Rojo 

Honnigueros    

Lajas  

Marias  

Maricao 

Mavaguez    

City  nf  ifayafftiez  .  .  . 
Sabana  Grande 

San  German  

The  department  . 

127,566 

1,629 

34,885 

2,675 

65,121 

2,562 

20,628 

66 

1,531 

126,035 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 


Adjuntas      

19,484 

17 

6,064 

54 

11,329 

128 

1,888 

4 

60 

19,424 

Aibonito  

8,5% 

91 

2,636 

101 

4,549 

120 

1,071 

28 

10 

8,586 

Barranquitas 

8  103 

91 

2,698 

123 

4,339 

109 

743 

11 

8  092 

Barros    

14,845 

88 

5,088 

140 

s.  :«> 

225 

944 

5 

45 

14  800 

Coamo  

15,144 

183 

5,043 

329 

7,672 

223 

1,689 

5 

69 

15,075 

Gua  vanilla... 

9,540 

76 

2,943 

99 

5,382 

87 

952 

1 

2? 

9  520 

Juana  Diaz  

27,896 

192 

8,638 

331 

15,943 

307 

2,474 

11 

128 

27  768 

Penuelas 

12  129 

62 

3  821 

183 

6  763 

124 

1  129 

47 

106 

12  023 

Ponce 

55,477 

1,014 

13,023 

1  458 

25,590 

1  746 

12  539 

107 

360 

55  117 

Cit  ii  <>f  Ponce  

£7,952 

803 

5,171 

1,097 

9,796 

1,255 

9,779 

51 

260 

S7,693 

Santa  Isabel 

4  858 

90 

1  3% 

149 

2  391 

135 

6% 

1 

47 

4  811 

Yauco  

27,119 

277 

7,759 

423 

15  198 

304 

3  155 

3 

51 

27  068 

The  department  . 

203,191 

2,181 

59,109 

3,390 

107,511 

3,508 

27,280 

212 

907 

202,284 

TABLE  XVIII. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

by  literacy. 


PORTO  RICO. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total  population,  both  sexes  

659,294 

509,498 

15  380 

134  416 

10  to  14  years  

124,353 

98  755 

3  395 

22  203 

15  to  19  years  

93  148 

69  645 

2  873 

20  630 

20  to  24  years  

88  475 

64  512 

2  089 

21  874 

25  to  29  years  

84,265 

63,768 

1  783 

18  714 

30  to  34  years  

64,317 

49,  417 

1  364 

13  536 

••  35  to  44  years  

91,802 

71  369 

1  851 

18  582 

45  to  54  years  

59,268 

47,868 

1  098 

10  302 

65  to  64  years  

33  716 

27  736 

589 

5  391 

65  years  and  over  

19,950 

16,428 

338 

3  184 

Total  males  

322  567 

239  685 

5  133 

77  749 

10  to  14  years  

65  112 

50  946 

1  515 

12  651 

15  to  19  vears  

42  919 

31  817 

972 

10  130 

20  to  24  years  

41  664 

28  657 

665 

12  342 

25  to  29  vears  

39,469 

27  958 

642 

10  %9 

30  to  34  vear*  

31  365 

22  698 

375 

8  292 

35  to  44  vears  

46,430 

34  092 

643 

11  795 

45  to  54  vears  

29,678 

22  835 

302 

6  441 

65  to  64  years  

16  758 

13  311 

142 

3  305 

65  years  and  over  

9,272 

7  371 

77 

1  824 

REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XVIII. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

by  literacy — Continued. 


PORTO  RICO — Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total  females 

336,727 

269,813 

10,247 

56,667 

59,241 
60,229 
46,  811 
44,796 
32,  952 
45,  372' 
29,690 
16,958 
10,678 

47,809 
37,828 
35,855 
35,810 
26,719 
37,277 
25,033 
14,425 
9,057 

1,880 
1,901 
1,424 
1,241 
989 
1,308 
796 
447 
261 

9,552 
10,500 
9,532 
7,  745 
5,244 
6,787 
3.861 
2,086 
1,360 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years  

35  to  44  vears  

45  to  54  vears  

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Native  white,  both  sex 
10  to  14  vears 

es  

398,  070 

2%,  855 

8,670 

92,  5-15 

75,  638 
66,800 
53,983 
50,909 
39,317 
55,047 
34,724 
19,907 
11,745 

57,  977 
40,726 
37,941 
37,406 
29,394 
41,465 
27,006 
15,721 
9,229 

2,157 
1,589 
1,113 
948 
733 
984 
623 
325 
198 

15.504 
14,485 
14,929 
12,555 
9,190 
12,608 
7.095 
3,861 
2,318 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  vears  

35  to  44  years  

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Native  white  males  

193,  669 

139,  169 

2,969 

51,531 

10  to  14  vears 

39,534 
25,862 
25,214 
23,726 
19,155 
27,790 
17,252 
9,753 
5,383 

29,674 
18,357 
16,708 
16,347 
13,565 
19,974 
13,009 
7,463 
4,082 

985 
570 
349 
294 
203 
289 
152 
80 
47 

8,875 
6^935 

8,  157 
7,  085 
5.  S-.I7 
7.  .VJ7 
4,091 
2,210 
1.  •->.->! 

15  1  1  >j  !>  years  

20  to  24  vears  

25  to  29  vears 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  vears 

45  to  54  years  

55  to  64  years  

65  vears  and  over  . 

Native  white  females  . 

204,401 

157,686 

5,701 

41,014 

10  to  14  vears  

36,104 
30,938 
28,769 
27,183 
20,162 
27,257 
17,472 
10,154 
6,362 

28,303 
22,369 
21,233 
21,059 
15,839 
21,481 
13,997 
8,258 
5,147 

1,172 
1,019 
764 
654 
530 
G95 
471 
245 
151 

6,629 
7,550 
6,772 
6,470 
3,793 
5,081 
3,004 
1,651 
1,064 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years  

25  to  29  years  

30  to  34  years  

35  to  44  years  

46  to  54  years  

65  to  64  years  

65  years  and  over  . 

Foreign  white,  both  se 
10  to  14  years  

xes  

11,008 

1,377 

128 

9,5GB 

242 
753 
1,261 
1,547 
1,411 
2,535 
1,728 
918 
613 

31 
60 
97 
131 
125 
309 
289 
191 
154 

9 
7 
12 
7 
17 
21 
27 
20 
8 

202 
696 
1,168 

1  ,  409 
1,269 
2,205 
1,412 
707 
«4BI 

15  to  19  years  

20  to  24  years  

25  to  29  years  

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years  

45  to  54  years  

56  to  64  years. 

65  vears  and  over  . 

Foreign  white  males.  . 

8,682 

847 

56 

7,779 

10  to  14  years  

134 
597 
1,013 
1,252 
1,142 
2,047 
1,372 
701 
424 

13 
26 
57 
80 
82 
212 
175 
119 
83 

6 
2 
5 
5 
9 
9 
12 
5 
3 

116 
669 
951 
1,167 
1,051 
1,820 
1,186 
577 
888 

15  to  19  years  

20  to  24  years. 

25  to  29  years  .     . 

30  to  34  years  

35  to  44  vears 

46  to  54  vears 

55  to  64  years  

65  years  and  over 

STATISTICS    OF    EDUCATION. 


247 


TABLE  XVIII.— P»i>ul<ttt<,n  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

by  literacy — Continued. 


PORTO  RICO— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Foreign  white  females  

2,326 

530 

72 

1,724 

10  to  14  vears      

108 

18 

3 

87 

1")  ti>  19  vears  

156 

24 

5 

127 

•'•i  to  ''4  rears                              

248 

40 

7 

201 

25  to  29  vears    

295 

51 

2 

242 

30  to  34  vears  

269 

43 

8 

218 

35  to  44  vears                              

488 

97 

12 

379 

!•">  to  54  veiirs  

356 

114 

15 

227 

.V)  to  64  vears                                                 

217 

72 

16 

130 

(',:>  vears  and  over  

189 

71 

5 

113 

C<  il(  ircd  both  sexes          

250,  216 

211,266 

6,582 

32,368 

10  to  14  vears                       

48,  473 

40,747 

1,229 

6,497 

15  to  19  vears  

35,595 

28,869 

1,277 

5,449 

•>0  to  24  vears                                            

33,231 

26,474 

964 

5,793 

25  to  29  vears    

31,809 

26,231 

828 

4,750 

30  to  34  vears 

23  589 

19  898 

614 

3,077 

35  to  44  vears                                           

34,220 

29,605 

846 

3,769 

45  to  54  vears  

22,816 

20,573 

448 

1,795 

55  to  64  vears 

12,891 

11,824 

244 

823 

65  years  and  over  

7,592 

7,045 

132 

415 

Ci  ili  irt'd  males              

120,  216 

99,669 

2,108 

18,439 

10  to  14  vears        

25,  441 

21,259 

524 

3,661 

15  to  19  vears  

16,460 

13,434 

400 

2,626 

20  to  24  vears.  .        .                 

15,  437 

11  892 

311 

3,234 

'_'•">  tn  '-".i  vears  

14,  491 

11,531 

243 

2,717 

:;n  I"  :M  vears 

11  068 

9  061 

163 

1,844 

iiTi  to  41  vears  

16,  593 

13  906 

245 

2,442 

45  to  51  vears  

10,954 

9,651 

138 

1,165 

55  to  (14  veurs                .                                  .     . 

6  304 

5  729 

57 

518 

t>5  wars  and  over  

3,465 

3,206 

27 

232 

Colored  females  .•  

130,000 

111  597 

4,474 

13,929 

10  to  14  vears  

23  029 

19  488 

705 

2  836 

15  to  19  vears 

19  135 

15  435 

877 

2  823 

20  to  24  vears  

17  794 

14  582 

653 

2  559 

25  to  29  vears  

17,  318 

14  700 

585 

2,033 

30  to  34  vears  

12  521 

10  837 

451 

1  233 

35  to  44  vears  

17,627 

15  699 

601 

1,327 

45  to  54  vears  

11  862 

10  922 

310 

630 

55  to  (>4  vears  

6  587 

6  095 

187 

305 

65  years'  and  over  

4,127 

3,839 

105 

183 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA. 


Total  population,  both  sexes  

68,307 

56,853 

1  161 

10  293 

10  to  14  vears  

12,937 

10  964 

273 

1  700 

15  to  19  vears  

9  572 

7  811 

219 

1  542 

20  to  24  vears  .          

8,893 

7  089 

162 

1  642 

25  to  29  years  

8,424 

<;  ""it 

139 

1  :;»i."i 

30  to  34  vears  

6,795 

5  690 

114 

991 

35  to  44  vears  

9,572 

7  924 

131 

1  517 

45  to  54  vears  

6,211 

5,316 

74 

821 

55  to  64  vears  

3  679 

3  201 

33 

445 

65  years  and  o\vr  

2,224 

1,938 

16 

270 

Total  males  

33  199 

26  237 

428 

6  534 

10  to  14  vears  

6  733 

6  543 

135 

1  055 

15  to  19  years  

4  419 

3  532 

81 

806 

20  to  24  vears  

4,136 

3  066 

52 

1  018 

25  to  29  years  

3  786 

2  874 

63 

859 

30  to  34  years  

3  309 

2  621 

27 

661 

35  to  44  vears  

4  846 

3  723 

54 

1  069 

45  to  54  years  

3  0% 

2  499 

15 

*582 

55  to  64  vears  

1,823 

1  509 

307 

65  years  and  over  

1  051 

870 

4 

177 

248 


REPOKT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


TABLE  XVIII. — Population  JO  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

by  literacy— Continued. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total  females     

35,108 

30,616 

733 

3,759 

10  to  14  years     ...               

6,204 

5,421 

138 

645 

15  to  19  years  

5,153 

4,279 

138 

736 

20  to  24  years  

4.757 

4,023 

110 

624 

25  to  29  years  

4,638 

4,046 

86 

606 

30  to  34  years  

3,486 

3,069 

87 

330 

35  to  44  years                         

4,726 

4,201 

77 

448 

45  to  54  years           

3,115 

2,817 

59 

239 

65  to  64  years  

1,856 

1,692 

26 

138 

65  years  and  over  

1,173 

1,068 

12 

93 

Native  white,  both  sexes    .              

57,  808 

48,615 

928 

8  265 

10  to  14  years  

10,  939 

9,308 

232 

1  399 

15  to  19  years  

7,960 

6,566 

163 

1,231 

20  to  24  years  

7,491 

6,068 

131 

1,292 

26  to  29  years  .  . 

7,171 

5,990 

109 

1  072 

30  to  34  years             

5,890 

6,014 

86 

790 

36  to  44  years  .  

8,205 

6,879 

112 

1,214 

45  to  54  years  

5,255 

4,516 

66 

683 

56  to  64  years  

3,063 

2,676 

26 

361 

65  years  and  over  

1,834 

1,598 

13 

223 

Native  white  males  

28,  027 

22,  451 

352 

5,224 

10  to  14  years    .              .                     

5  741 

4  735 

114 

892 

15  to  19  years           

3,646 

2,928 

66 

652 

20  to  24  years  

3,  459 

2,609 

42 

808 

25  to  29  years 

3  205 

2  495 

45 

666 

30  to  34  years                              . 

2  859 

2  309 

21 

529 

35  to  44  years           

4,144 

3,  272 

42 

830 

45  to  64  years  

2,622 

2,143 

12 

467 

55  to  64  years  

1,510 

1,261 

6 

243 

65  years  and  over        ..        .        

841 

699 

4 

138 

Native  white  females  

29,  781 

26,164 

576 

3,041 

10  to  14  years  

5,198 

4  573 

118 

507 

15  to  19  years  

4,314 

3,638 

97 

579 

20  to  24  years  ".  

4,032 

3,459 

89 

484 

26  to  29  years  

3,  966 

3,495 

64 

407 

30  to  34  years                           

3  031 

2  705 

65 

261 

35  to  44  years           

4,061 

3  607 

70 

384 

45  to  54  years  

2,633 

2,373 

44 

216 

65  to  64  vears  

1,553 

1,415 

20 

118 

65  years  and  over  

993 

899 

9 

86 

Foreign  white,  both  sexes  

709 

129 

9 

571 

10  to  14  years  

8 

2 

6 

15  to  19  vears  

44 

1 

2 

41 

20  to  24  years  

87 

15 

1 

71 

25  to  29  vears  

116 

14 

101 

30  to  34  years  

77 

6 

3 

68 

35  to  44  years                                      .    .  .           

165 

31 

134 

45  to  64  years  ..  ..              

99 

20 

2 

77 

65  to  64  years  

67 

22 

1 

44 

65  years  and  over  .                                   

47 

18 

29 

Foreign  white  males  

572 

77 

1 

494 

10  to  14  years 

1 

2 

15  to  19  years 

36 

36 

20  to  24  years  .                  .                               

65 

7 

68 

25  to  29  years  

91 

8 

83 

30  to  34  years  

67 

4 

1 

62 

35  to  44  years                                                          .  . 

142 

24 

118 

45  to  54  years  

83 

11 

72 

55  to  64  years 

49 

10 

39 

65  years  and  over  

36 

12 

24 

STATISTICS    OF    EDUCATION. 


249 


TABLE  XVIII. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  orer,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

by  literacy — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Foreign  white  females  

137 

52 

8 

77 

10  to  14  years                                                

5 

1 

4 

15  to  19  years        

8 

1 

2 

5 

•jo  to  24  vears  

22 

8 

1 

13 

•'•">  to  29  vears 

24 

6 

18 

30  to  34  vears  

10 

2 

2 

6 

35  to  44  vears 

23 

7 

16 

45  to  54  years 

16 

9 

2 

5 

55  to  64  vears  

18 

12 

1 

5 

65  vears  and  over 

11 

6 

5 

Colored,  both  sexes  

9,790 

8,109 

224 

1,457 

10  to  14  vears  .  ..        

1,990 

1,654 

41 

295 

15  to  19  vears  

1,568 

1,244 

54 

270 

20  to  24  years                                                 

1,315 

1,006 

30 

279 

25  to  29  vears.          ..     .          

1,138 

916 

30 

192 

30  to  34  vears  

828 

670 

25 

133 

35  to  44  vears                                                         .  . 

1,202 

1,014 

19 

169 

46  to  54  years  

857 

780 

16 

61 

55  to  64-  years  

549 

503 

6 

40 

65  vears  and  over  

343 

322 

3 

18 

Colored  males 

4,600 

3  709 

75 

816 

10  to  14  years  

989 

807 

21 

161 

15  to  19  years 

737 

604 

15 

118 

20  to  24  vears  

612 

450 

10 

152 

25  to  29  vears  

490 

371 

8 

111 

30  to  34  vears 

383 

308 

5 

70 

35  to  4  1  vears  

560 

427 

12 

121 

45  to  54  vears  

391 

345 

3 

43 

55  to  64  vears 

264 

238 

1 

25 

65  vears  and  over  

174 

159 

15 

Colored  females  

5  190 

4  400 

149 

641 

10  to  14  vears  

1,001 

847 

20 

134 

15  to  19  years  

831 

640 

39 

152 

20  to  24  vears  

703 

556 

20 

127 

25  to  29  vears  

648 

645 

22 

81 

30  to  34  years  

445 

362 

20 

63 

35  to  44  vears  

642 

587 

7 

48 

45  to  54  vears  

466 

435 

13 

18 

55  to  64  vears  

285 

265 

5 

15 

65  years  and  over  

169 

163 

3 

3 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 


Total  population,  both  sexes  

110,832 

92,036 

1,947 

16  849 

10  to  14  vears  

21  505 

18  213 

452 

2  840 

15  to  19  vears  

15  694 

12  767 

391 

2  536 

20  to  24  years  

14,887 

11  902 

240 

2  745 

25  to  29  years  

14  374 

11  823 

205 

2  346 

30  to  34  years  

11  174 

9  223 

171 

1  780 

35  to  44  vears  

15,  617 

12  981 

233 

2  403 

45  to  54  vears  

9  452 

8  037 

143 

1  272 

55  to  64  vears  

5,191 

4  534 

71 

586 

(i.r)  vears  and  over  

2  938 

2  556 

41 

341 

Total  males  

54  710 

43  526 

740 

10  444 

10  to  14  years  , 

11  298 

9  344 

225 

1  729 

15  to  19  years  

7  030 

5  624 

135 

1  271 

20  to  24  vears  

6  995 

5  268 

89 

1  638 

25  to  29  vears  

6  927 

5  376 

67 

1  484 

30  to  34  years  

5  575 

4  332 

48 

1  195 

35  to  44  vears  

8  067 

6  335 

83 

1  649 

45  to  54  years  

4  802 

3  868 

56 

878 

55  to  64  vears  

2  609 

2  202 

24 

383 

65  years  and  over  .  .  . 

1.407 

1.177 

13 

217 

250 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XVIII. — Population  JO  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

by  literacy — Continued. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

56,122 

48,  510 

1,207 

6  405 

10  to  14  years       .        

10,207 

8,869 

227 

1,111 

15  to  19  years    

8,664 

7,143 

256 

1,265 

20  to  24  years  

7,892 

6,634 

151 

1,107 

25  to  29  years  

7,447 

6,447 

138 

862 

30  to  34  years                                 

5,599 

4,891 

123 

685 

35  to  44  years                      

7,550 

6,646 

150 

754 

45  to  64  years              

4,650 

4,169 

87 

394 

55  to  64  years         

2,582 

2,332 

47 

203 

65  years  and  over  

1,531 

1,379 

28 

124 

Native  white  both  sexes                 

83,671 

(18,  737 

1,430 

13  504 

10  to  14  years  

16,439 

13,  761 

363 

2,315 

15  to  19  years  

11,871 

9,499 

291 

2  CW1 

20  to  24  years  

11,361 

8,988 

170 

2,203 

25  to  29  years                                        

10,798 

8,786 

141 

1  871 

30  to  34  years                                     

8,520 

6,966 

117 

1  437 

35  to  44  years       .  ..             

11,729 

9,674 

170 

1,885 

45  to  54  years  

6,972 

5,872 

102 

998 

65  to  64  years  

3,828 

3,326 

48 

454 

65  years  and  over  

2,153 

1,865 

28 

260 

Native  white  males                  

40,  921 

32,  228 

548 

8,145 

10  to  14  years  

8,627 

6,999 

193 

1,435 

15  to  19  years  

5,284 

4,158 

94 

1,032 

20  to  24  years                                   

6,283 

3,941 

69 

1  283 

25  to  29  years  

5,122 

3,933 

45 

1   1  11 

30  to  34  years  .-. 

4,209 

3,248 

36 

905 

35  to  44  years  

6,981 

4,688 

66 

1,237 

45  to  54  vears                                 

3,532 

2,833 

40 

659 

65  to  64  years.               .  

1,897 

1,604 

17 

276 

65  years  and  over  

986 

824 

8 

154 

Native  white  females                                        

42,750 

36,509 

882 

5  359 

10  to  14  years  

7,812 

6,  762 

170 

880 

15  to  19  years  

6,587 

5,341 

197 

1,049 

20  to  24  years 

6,078 

5,047 

111 

920 

25  to  29  years...                   .        .           

6,676 

4,853 

% 

7'>7 

30  to  34  years  

4,311 

3,718 

81 

612 

35  to  44  years  

6,748 

4,986 

114 

648 

45  to  54  vears  

3,440 

3,039 

62 

339 

55  to  64  vears 

1,931 

1,722 

31 

178 

65  years  and  over  

1,167 

1,041 

20 

106 

Foreign  white,  both  sexes  

1,427 

394 

19 

1,014 

10  to  14  years  

17 

6 

11 

15  to  19  years  

74 

19 

2 

63 

20  to  24  years  

177 

37 

1 

139 

26  to  29  years 

179 

30 

1 

148 

30  to  34  years 

147 

25 

1 

,      121 

35  to  44  years  

339 

89 

2 

248 

45  to  54  years  

251 

85 

6 

160 

65  to  64  years  

131 

45 

4 

82 

65  years  and  over  .                                  ... 

112 

68 

2 

52 

Foreign  white  males  

1,104 

218 

11 

875 

10  to  14  years  

9 

2 

7 

15  to  19  years  

48 

7 

2 

39 

20  to  24  years  

146 

25 

1 

120 

25  to  29  years  

141 

16 

1 

1".". 

30  to  34  years  

125 

14 

1 

110 

35  to  44  years  

269 

52 

2 

215 

45  to  64  years  

186 

43 

3 

140 

55  to  64  years  

104 

31 

73 

65  years  and  over  

76 

29 

1 

46 

STATISTICS    OF   EDUCATION. 


251 


TABLE  XVIII. — Population  10  years  of  age,  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

by  literacy — Continued. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write.   • 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Foreign  white  females               .         

323 

176 

8 

139 

10  to  14  years                                                        .... 

8 

4 

4 

26 

12 

14 

20  to  24  years 

31 

12 

19 

•'.")  to  "9  veare                                                 

38 

15 

23 

30  to  34  vears 

22 

11 

11 

70 

37 

33 

•45  t<>  ->4  vears                                                    .     ..... 

65 

42 

3 

20 

55  to  64  vears                     ..•                   

27 

14 

4 

9 

65  vears  and  over  

36 

n 

1 

6 

Colored,  both  sexes             

25,734 

22,905 

498 

2,331 

10  to  14  vears                                      

5,049 

4,446 

89 

514 

16  to  19  vears  

3,749 

3,249 

98 

402 

20  to  24  vears  

3,349 

2,877 

69 

403 

25  to  29  years                                                           

3,397 

3,007 

63 

327 

30  to  34  years  

2,507 

2,232 

63 

222 

35  to  44  vears  

3,649 

3,218 

61 

270 

45  to  54  vears                                                       

2,229 

2,080 

35 

114 

55  to  64  years  

1,232 

1,163 

19 

50 

65  years  and  over  

673 

6S3 

11 

29 

Colored  males.  

12,685 

11,080 

181 

1,424 

10  to  14  vears  

2,662 

2,343 

32 

287 

15  to  19  years  

,698 

1,459 

39 

200 

20  to  24  years.                                                           .  . 

,566 

1,302 

29 

235 

25  to  29  vears  

,664 

1,428 

21 

215 

30  to  34  years  •. 

,241 

1,070 

n 

160 

35  to  44  vears. 

,817 

1,595 

25 

197 

45  to  54  years  

,084 

992 

13 

79 

55  to  64  vears  

608 

567 

7 

34 

65  vears  and  over 

345 

324 

4 

17 

Colored  females. 

13,049 

11,825 

317 

907 

10  to  14  vears  

2,387 

2,103 

67 

227 

15  to  19  years  

2  051 

1,790 

59 

202 

20  to  24  years  

1,783 

1,575 

40 

168 

25  to  29  years  

1  733 

1  579 

42 

112 

30  to  34  years  

1,266 

1,  162 

42 

62 

35  to  44  vears  

1,732 

1,623 

36 

73 

45  to  54  years  

1,145 

1,088 

22 

35 

55  to  64  vears  

624 

596 

12 

16 

65  vears  and  over  .  . 

328 

309 

7 

12 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 


Total  population,  both  sexes  

110,913 

78,759 

3,786 

28,368 

10  to  14  vears  

20,632 

15,402 

765 

4  4(iT> 

15  to  19  vears  

15,800 

10,699 

670 

4,431 

20  to  24  vears  

14  930 

9  937 

537 

4  456 

25  to  29  vears  

14,370 

9,947 

492 

3  931 

30  to  34  vears  

10  688 

7  330 

349 

2  909 

35  to  44  vears  

15,332 

10  847 

453 

4  032 

l"i  to  .">!  wars  

9,749 

7,288 

265 

2  1% 

55  to  64  vears  

5  908 

4  514 

155 

1  239 

65  vears  and  over  

3,604 

2,795 

100 

709 

Total  males  

63  457 

36  877 

1  251 

15  3°9 

10  to  14  years  

10  744 

8  022 

335 

2  387 

15  to  19  vears  

7  418 

5  020 

209 

2  189 

20  to  24  vears  

6  964 

4  405 

188 

2  371 

25  to  29  vears  

6  673 

4  336 

159 

2  178 

30  to  34  veare  

5  003 

3  234 

104 

1  665 

35  to  44  vears  

7,543 

5,079 

132 

2,332 

45  to  54  vears  

4,749 

3,458 

70 

1,221 

55  to  64  vears  

2  795 

2  103 

36 

656 

65  vears  and  over  

1  568 

1  220 

18 

330 

252 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XVIII. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

by  literacy — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Can  neither 
raed  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
Dut  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

57,456 

41,882 

2,535 

13,  039 

9,888 

7,380 

430 

2  078 

8,382 

6,679 

461 

2  242 

20  to  24  years                       

7,966 

6,532 

349 

2  085 

26  to  29  years                              

7,697 

6,611 

333 

1  753 

30  to  34  years                    

5,585 

4,096 

245 

1,244 

35  to  44  years           

7,789 

5,768 

321 

1,700 

45  to  54  years       

6,000 

3,830 

195 

975 

3,113 

2,411 

119 

583 

2,036 

1,575 

82 

379 

Native  white  both  sexes    

50,780 

33,  376 

1,389 

16  015 

10  to  14  years       

9,800 

6,732 

367 

2,701 

15  to  19  years  

7,419 

4,574 

228 

2,617 

20  to  24  years  

6,898 

4,234 

168 

2,496 

25  to  29  years  

6,497 

4,286 

166 

2,046 

30  to  34  years                           

4,795 

3,141 

115 

1  539 

35  to  44  years.  

6,779 

4,515 

143 

2,121 

46  to  54  years                

4,263 

2,910 

99 

1  254 

55  to  64  years  

2,709 

1,870 

66 

784 

65  years  and  over  

1,620 

1,115 

48 

457 

Native  white  males  

24,044 

15,  678 

497 

7,869 

10  to  14  years  

5,074 

3,460 

171 

1  443 

16  to  19  years  

3,391 

2,108 

91 

1  192 

20  to  24  years  

3,160 

1,872 

67 

1  231 

25  to  29  years                                 

2,966 

1,882 

51 

1  033 

30  to  34  years         :..'.. 

2,204 

1,392 

32 

780 

35  to  44  years  

3,289 

2,200 

46 

1  043 

45  to  54  years  

2,026 

1,414 

21 

591 

55  to  64  years  

1,254 

869 

18 

367 

65  years  and  over        

680 

481 

10 

189 

Native  white  females  

26,736 

17,698 

892 

8  146 

10  to  14  years  

4,726 

3,272 

196 

1,258 

15  to  19  years  

4  028 

2  466 

137 

1  425 

20  to  24  years  

3,738 

2  362 

111 

1  265 

25  to  29  years  

3,531 

2,403 

115 

1  013 

30  to  34  years  

2,591 

1  749 

S3 

759 

35  to  44  years  

3,490 

2,315 

97 

1  078 

45  to  54  years  

2,237 

1,496 

78 

663 

65  to  64  vears  

1,455 

1,001 

37 

417 

65  years  and  over  

940 

634 

38 

268 

Foreign  white,  both  sexes  

3,841 

301 

50 

3,490 

10  to  14  years  

111 

12 

8 

91 

16  to  19  years  

368 

17 

1 

350 

20  to  24  years  

487 

11 

7 

469 

25  to  29  years  

579 

29 

4 

546 

30  to  34  years  

642 

32 

8 

602 

35  to  44  years  

888 

72 

9 

807 

46  to  54  years  

489 

59 

7 

aa 

56  to  64  years  

241 

37 

4 

.    200 

65  years  and  over  

136 

32 

2 

102 

Foreign  white  males  

3,014 

186 

24 

2,804 

10  to  14  years  

64 

6 

6 

63 

15  to  19  years  

307 

9 

298 

20  to  24  years  

400 

7 

3 

390 

25  to  29  years  

477 

20 

2 

455 

30  to  34  years  

443 

22 

6 

415 

35  to  44  years  

691 

48 

4 

639 

45  to  54  vears  

369 

37 

3 

329 

65  to  64  vears  

178 

22 

1 

155 

65  years  and  over  

86 

15 

70 
'" 



STATISTICS    OF    EDUCATION. 


253 


TABLE  XVIII. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

by  literacy — Continued. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Foreign  white  females      

827 

115 

26 

686 

10  to  14  vears  

47 

6 

3 

38 

15  to  19  vears  

61 

8 

1 

52 

20  to  24  vears  

87 

4 

4 

79 

25  to  29  years                                     

102 

9 

2 

91 

30  to  34  years  

99 

10 

2 

87 

35  to  44  vears                                 .... 

197 

24 

6 

168 

45  to  ->4  vears                            

120 

22 

4 

94 

55  *o  64  vears      

63 

16 

3 

45 

61 

17 

2 

32 

Colored  both  sexes  

56,292 

45,082 

2,347 

8,863 

10  to  14  years  

10,  721 

8,658 

390 

1,673 

15  to  19  years  

8,013 

6,108 

441 

1,464 

20  to  24  vears                

7,545 

5,692 

362 

1,491 

25  to  29  vears    

7,294 

5,633 

322 

1,339 

30  to  34  years  

5,251 

4,157 

226 

868 

35  to  44  years                    

9,665 

6,260 

301 

1,104 

45  to  54  years  

4,997 

4,319 

159 

519 

55  to  64  years  

2,958 

2,607 

% 

255 

65  vears  and  over  

1,848 

1,648 

50 

150 

Colored  males  

26,399 

21,013 

730 

4,656 

10  to  14  years  

5,606 

4,556 

159 

891 

15  to  19  vears      .        

3  720 

2  903 

118 

699 

20  to  24  years  

3,404 

2,526 

128 

750 

25  to  29  vears  

3,230 

2,434 

106 

690 

30  to  34  years         

2,356 

1  820 

66 

470 

35  to  44  vears  

3,563 

2,831 

82 

650 

15  t<  i  54  years  

2,354 

2,007 

46 

301 

55  to  64  vears        

1  363 

1  212 

17 

134 

65  years  and  over  

803 

724 

8 

71 

Colored  females.         

29,893 

24  069 

1'617 

4  207 

10  to  14  veare  

5,115 

4,102 

231 

782 

15  to  19  vears  

4,293 

3  206 

323 

765 

20  to  24  years  

4,141 

3  166 

234 

741 

25  to  29  years  

4  064 

3  199 

216 

649 

30  to  34  vears'.  

2,895 

2  337 

160 

398 

35  to  44  years  

4,102 

3,429 

219 

454 

45  to  54  years  

2  643 

2  312 

113 

218 

55  to  64  years  

1,595 

1,395 

79 

121 

65  vears  and  over  

1,045 

924 

42 

79 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 


Total  population,  both  sexes  

75,750 

60,253 

1,331 

14,166 

10  to  14  years  

14  780 

11  926 

279 

2  575 

15  to  19  years  

10,663 

8,267 

250 

2  146 

20  to  24  veare  

10,063 

7,679 

164 

2  220 

25  to  29  vears  

9,764 

7,720 

152 

1,892 

30  to  34  years  

7,364 

5,881 

115 

1  368 

35  to  44  years  

10,357 

8,309 

176 

1,872 

45  to  54  years  

6,677 

5,491 

106 

1,080 

55  to  64  years  

3,879 

3,208 

64 

607 

65  veare  and  over  

2,203 

1,772 

25 

406 

Total  males  

36,765 

28,251 

479 

8,035 

10  to  14  years  

7,765 

6  114 

120 

1  531 

15  to  19  years  

4,834 

3,726 

103 

1,006 

20  to  24  vears  

4  631 

3  398 

53 

1  180 

25  to  29  vears  

4  430 

3  293 

41 

1  0% 

30  to  34  vears  

3  558 

2  707 

40 

811 

35  to  44  vears  

5  231 

4  001 

69 

1  161 

45  to  54  years  

3,332 

2,658 

27 

647 

55  to  64  years  

1,966 

1,574 

15 

377 

65  years  and  over  

1  018 

781 

11 

226 

254 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XVIII. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

by  literacy — Continued. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

38,985 

32,002 

852 

6,131 

10  to  14  years  -  - 

7,015 

5,812 

159 

1,044 

15  to  19  years  

5,829 

4,542 

147 

1,140 

20  to  24  years                                 

5,432 

4,281 

111 

1,040 

25  to  29  years                   

5,334 

4,427 

111 

7% 

30  to  34  years                   

3,806 

3,174 

75 

557 

35  to  44  years             

5,126 

4,308 

107 

711 

45  to  54  years          

3,345 

2,  sir, 

79 

433 

1,913 

1,634 

49 

230 

1,185 

991 

14 

180 

Native  white  both  sexes  

38,248 

27,453 

776 

10,  019 

10  to  14  years  

7,393 

5,453 

180 

1,760 

15  to  19  years  

5,426 

3,753 

150 

1,528 

20  to  24  years                        

6,147 

3,514 

86 

1,547 

25  to  29  years             

4,915 

3,495 

91 

1,329 

30  to  34  years         

3,703 

2,683 

62 

958 

35  to  44  years  

5,227 

3,800 

89 

1,338 

45  to  54  years  

3,331 

2,483 

66 

782 

55  to  64  years                                          

1,967 

1,462 

38 

467 

65  years  ami  over       

1,139 

810 

14 

315 

Native  white  males  

IS,  f>XO 

12,  859 

277 

5,444 

10  to  14  years                  

3  876 

2,756 

81 

1  039 

15  to  19  years       

2,449 

1,689 

62 

698 

20  to  24  years  

2,342 

1,522 

28 

792 

25  to  29  vears                                                    

2  277 

1  498 

28 

751 

30  to  34  years       

1,794 

1  228 

19 

647 

35  to  44  years  

2  667 

1  869 

33 

765 

45  to  54  years 

1  673 

1  243 

14 

416 

55  to  64  years                                

964 

690 

6 

268 

65  years  and  over  

538 

-      364 

6- 

168 

Native  white  females  

19  668 

14  594 

•U>'.» 

4  575 

10  to  14  years  

3  517 

2  697 

99 

721 

15  to  19  years  

2  977 

2  064 

88 

826 

20  to  24  years  

2  805 

1  992 

68 

755 

25  to  29  years  

2  638 

1  997 

63 

578 

30  to  34  vears  

1  909 

1  455 

43 

411 

35  to  44  years  

2  560 

1  931 

66 

573 

45  to  64  years  

1  658 

1  240 

52 

366 

55  to  64  years  

1  003 

772 

32 

199 

65  years  and  over  

601 

446 

8 

147 

Foreign  white,  both  sexes  

740 

53 

6* 

681 

10  to  14  years  

11 

11 

15  to  19  years  

43 

2 

1 

40 

20  to  24  years  

71 

4 

67 

25  to  29  years  

88 

2 

86 

30  to  34  years  

75 

1 

1 

73 

35  to  44  years  

194 

17 

177 

45  to  64  years  

123 

6 

117 

55  to  64  years  

77 

17 

2 

68 

65  years  and  over  

58 

4 

2 

52 

Foreign  white  males  

640 

37 

4 

599 

10  to  14  years  

6 

fi 

15  to  19  years  

38 

2 

36 

20  to  24  years  

62 

2 

60 

25  to  29  years  

73 

1 

72 

30  to  34  Drears  

64 

1 

63 

35  to  44  years  

174 

14 

160 

46  to  54  years  

114 

4 

110 

65  to  64  years  

66 

11 

1 

64 

65  years  and  over  

43 

3 

2 

38 

STATISTICS    OF    EDUCATION. 


255 


TABLE  XVIII. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

by  literacy — Continued. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Foreign  white  females  

100 

16 

2 

82 

10  to  14  vears  

5 

5 

15tol9vears                                                 

5 

1 

4 

20  to  24  vears  

9 

2 

7 

25  to  29  years 

15 

1 

14 

30  to  34  vears                           .  . 

11 

1 

10 

35  to  44  vears         

20 

3 

17 

45  to  54  vears  

9 

2 

7 

55  to  64  vears  

11 

6 

1 

4 

65  vears  and  over  

16 

1 

14 

Colored  both  sexes  .        

36,762 

32,747 

549 

4,466 

10  to  14  years.  ...                     

7,376 

6,473 

99 

804 

15  to  19  vears  

6,194 

4,512 

99 

683 

20  to  24  vears  

4,845 

4,161 

78 

606 

25  to  29  veare                     

4,761 

4,223 

61 

477 

30  to  34  years  

3,586 

3,197 

52 

337 

35  to  44  vears  -  

4,936 

4,492 

87 

357 

45  to  54  vears                     

3,223 

3,002 

40 

181 

55  to  64  vears  

1,835 

1,729 

24 

82 

65  vears  and  over                             

1,006 

958 

9 

39 

Colored  males  

17,545 

15,355 

198 

1,992 

10  to  14  years  

3,883 

3,358 

39 

486 

15  to  19  vears  ..         ..              

2,347 

2,034 

41 

272 

20  to  24  vears  

2,227 

1,874 

26 

328 

•'•">  to  '*9  vears                                    

2,080 

1,794 

13 

273 

30  to  34  vears  

1,700 

1,479 

20 

201 

35  to  44  vears  

2,390 

2,118 

36 

236 

45  to  54  years                      

1,545 

1,411 

13 

121 

55  to  64  years  

936 

873 

g 

55 

65  vears  and  over  

437 

414 

3 

20 

Colored  females  

19,217 

17,392 

351 

1,474 

10  to  14  years  

3,493 

3,115 

60 

318 

15  to  19  years        .             

2,847 

2  478 

58 

311 

20  to  24  vears  

2,618 

2,287 

63 

278 

25  to  29  year*                                              

2  681 

2  429 

48 

204 

30  to  34  vears  

1,886 

1,718 

32 

136 

35  to  44  vears        .  .                                          ... 

2  546 

2  374 

51 

121 

45  to  54  vears  

1,678 

1  591 

27 

60 

55  to  64  years 

899 

866 

16 

27 

65  years  and  over  

569 

644 

6 

19 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 


Total  population,  both  sexes  . 

60  539 

48  965 

1  085 

10  489 

10  to  14  years  

11  769 

9  696 

195 

1  878 

15  to  19  years  

8,298 

6  538 

195 

1  565 

20  to  24  years  

7  664 

6  934 

141 

1  589 

25  to  29  vears  

7   HW 

5  912 

119 

1  432 

30  to  34  vears  

5,664 

4  556 

107 

1  001 

35  to  44  vears  

8  390 

6  778 

140 

1  47° 

45  to  54  vears  

5,865 

4  904 

104 

857 

55  to  64  vears  

3,371 

2,892 

57 

422 

65  years  and  over  .... 

2  055 

1  755 

27 

273 

Total  males  

29  617 

23  372 

363 

5  882 

10  to  14  years  

6  235 

5  102 

94 

1  039 

15  to  19  years  

3  876 

3  030 

71 

775 

20  to  24  years  

3,538 

2  645 

38 

855 

25  to  29  years  

3  433 

2  585 

34 

814 

30  to  34  years  

2,687 

2  105 

31 

551 

35  to  44  years  

4  172 

3  237 

44 

891 

45  to  54  years  

2  955 

2  392 

30 

533 

55  to  64  years  

1,736 

1  456 

14 

266 

65  years  and  over  

985 

820 

7 

158 

256 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XVIII. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

by  literacy — Continued. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

30,922 

25,593 

722 

4,607 

10  to  14  years                         .        

5,534 

4,594 

101 

839 

15  to  19  years  

4,422 

3,508 

124 

790 

20  to  24  years                                             

4,126 

3,289 

103 

734 

26  to  29  years       

4,030 

3,327 

85 

618 

30  to  34  years    

2,977 

2,451 

76 

450 

35  to  44  years  

4,  218 

3,541 

96 

581 

45  to  54  years  

2,910 

2,512 

74 

324 

55  to  64  years                            

1,635 

1,436 

43 

156 

65  years  and  over  

1,070 

935 

20 

115 

Native  white  both  sexes                      

27,676 

20,157 

543 

6,976 

10  to  14  years  

5,346 

4,033 

105 

1,  208 

15  to  19  years  

3,825 

2,681 

% 

1,048 

20  to  24  years                            .  .                    

3  549 

2,423 

70 

1  056 

25  to  29  years      

3,430 

2,423 

58 

949 

30  to  34  years  

2,  635 

1,883 

47 

705 

35  to  44  years  

3,865 

2,814 

66 

MB 

45  to  54  years  

2,  574 

1,967 

56 

551 

55  to  64  years                                                  

1  525 

1  210 

28 

287 

65  years  and  over  

927 

723 

17 

187 

Native  white  males 

13  398 

9  587 

161 

3  650 

10  to  14  years  

2,818 

2,111 

45 

662 

15  to  19  years                                                     

1  750 

1  238 

29 

483 

20  to  24  years  

1  611 

1  058 

22 

531 

25  to  29  years  

1  590 

1  067 

19 

514 

30  to  34  years  

1,227 

856 

12 

359 

35  to  44  years  .' 

1,946 

1,385 

16 

545 

45  to  54  years  

1,268 

968 

8 

292 

55  to  64  years  

772 

699 

5 

168 

65  years  and  over  

416 

316 

5 

96 

Native  white  females  

14  278 

10  570 

382 

3  326 

10  to  14  years  

2  528 

1  922 

60 

546 

15  to  19  years  

2  075 

1  443 

67 

565 

20  to  24  years  

1  938 

1,365 

48 

525 

25  to  29  years         

1  840 

1  366 

39 

435 

30  to  34  years  ...                        

1  408 

1  027 

35 

346 

35  to  44  years  

1  919 

1  429 

50 

440 

45  to  54  years  

1  306 

999 

48 

259 

55  to  64  years  

753 

611 

23 

119 

65  years  and  over  

511 

408 

12 

91 

Foreign  white,  both  sexes  

540 

69 

7 

464 

10  to  14  years  

8 

g 

15  to  19  years  

23 

4 

19 

20  to  24  years  

48 

3 

45 

25  to  29  years  

59 

8 

51 

30  to  34  years  

45 

6 

39 

35  to  44  years  

128 

13 

3 

112 

45  to  54  years  

126 

17 

2 

107 

55  to  64  years  

57 

10 

2 

45 

66  years  and  over  

46 

g 

38 

Foreign  white  males  

435 

47 

2 

386 

10  to  14  years  

5 

6 

15  to  19  years  

15 

3 

12 

20  to  24  years  

40 

3 

37 

25  to  29  years  

47 

5 

42 

30  to  34  years  

34 

3 

31 

35  to  44  years  

108 

10 

1 

97 

45  to  54  years  

112 

12 

1 

99 

55  to  64  years  

40 

7 

33 

65  years  and  over  

34 

4 

30 

STATISTICS    OF    EDUCATION. 


257 


TABLE  XVIII. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

by  literacy — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Foreign  white  females  

105 

22 

5 

78 

10  to  14  vears 

3 

3 

15  to  19  veare 

g 

I 

7 

20  to  24  vears  

8 

8 

25  to  ^9  years 

12 

3 

9 

30  to  34  vears                               .       

11 

3 

8 

35  to  44  vears                  

20 

3 

2 

15 

45  to  54  vears  

14 

5 

1 

8 

55  to  64  years  

17 

3 

2 

12 

65  vears  and  over           

12 

4 

8 

Colored,  both  sexes  

32,323 

28,739 

535 

3,049 

10  to  14  years  

6,415 

5,663 

90 

662 

15  to  19  years  

4,450 

3,853 

99 

498 

20  to  24  vears           .          

4,067 

3,508 

71 

488 

25  to  29  vears  1  

3,974 

3,481 

61 

432 

30  to  34  vears  

2,984 

2,667 

60 

257 

35  to  44  years                           

4,397 

3,951 

71 

375 

45  to  54  years  

3,165 

2,920 

46 

199 

55  to  64  years  

1,789 

1,672 

27 

90 

65  vears  and  over          

1,082 

1,024 

10 

48 

15,784 

13,738 

200 

1  846 

10  to  14  vears  

3,412 

2,991 

49 

372 

15  to  19  vears                              

2,111 

1,789 

42 

280 

20  to  24  vears  

1,887 

1,584 

16 

287 

25  to  29  years 

1    .'.»! 

1  523 

15 

258 

30  to  34  years.      .                                         

1,426 

1  246 

19 

161 

35  to  44  vears  

2,118 

1,842 

27 

249 

45  to  54  vears  

1,575 

1,412 

21 

142 

55  to  64  years 

924 

850 

9 

65 

65  vears  and  over  

535 

501 

2 

32 

Colored  females  

16,539 

15,001 

335 

1,203 

10  to  14  vears... 

3  003 

2  672 

41 

290 

15  to  19  years  

2  339 

2  064 

57 

218 

20  to  24  vears  

2,180 

1,924 

55 

201 

25  to  29  vears  

2  178 

1  958 

46 

174 

30  to  34  vears  

1  558 

1  421 

41 

96 

35  to  44  vears  

2  279 

9  109 

44 

126 

45  to  54  vears  

1,590 

1  508 

25 

57 

55  to  64  years  

865 

822 

18 

25 

65  years  and  over  

547 

523 

8 

16 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


Total  population,  both  sexes  

91,052 

65,121 

2,562 

23  369 

10  to  14  years  

16  288 

12,062 

561 

3  665 

15  to  19  years  «.  . 

13,106 

8,830 

506 

3  770 

20  to  24  vears  

12  146 

7  921 

354 

3  871 

25  to  29  years  

11,  078 

7,667 

267 

3  144 

30  to  34  vears  

9,001 

6,475 

213 

2,313 

35  to  44  years  

13  029 

9,570 

308 

3  151 

45  to  54  vears  

8,493 

6,428 

181 

1,884 

55  to  64  years  

4,928 

3,827 

107 

994 

65  vears  and  over  

2  983 

2  341 

65 

577 

Total  males  

44,169 

30,588 

698 

12,883 

10  to  14  vears  

8  490 

6  235 

237 

2  018 

15  to  19  vears  

6  003 

4  146 

145 

1  712 

20  to  24  vears  

5  744 

3  570 

90 

2  084 

25  to  29  vears  

5,071 

3,325 

58 

1,688 

30  to  34  vears  

4  405 

2  996 

47 

1  362 

35  to  44  'ears  

6,571 

4,583 

59 

1,929 

45  to  54  "ears  

4,153 

2,968 

36 

1,149 

55  to  64  vears  

2  352 

1,738 

15 

599 

65  vears  and  over  

1,380 

1,027 

11 

342 

8490—00 17 


258 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XVIII. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

by  literacy — Continued. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total  females      

46,883 

34,533 

1,864 

10,  486 

10  to  14  years  

7,798 

5,827 

324 

1,647 

15  to  19  years  

7,103 

4,684 

361 

2,058 

20  to  24  years        

6,402 

4,351 

264 

1  787 

25  to  29  years  

6,007 

4,342 

209 

1,456 

30  to  34  years  

4,5% 

3,479 

166 

951 

35  to  44  years  

6,458 

4,987 

249 

1,222 

45  to  54  years  

4,340 

3,460 

145 

735 

55  to  64  years  

2,576 

2,089 

92 

395 

65  years  and  over  

1,603 

1,314 

54 

235 

Native  white,  both  sexes  

57,  415 

38,934 

1,566 

16,  915 

10  to  14  years  

10,  257 

7,182 

369 

2,706 

15  to  19  years  

8,335 

5,272 

2% 

2,767 

20  to  24  years  

7,736 

4,774 

214 

2,748 

25  to  29  years  

7,108 

4,735 

156 

2,216 

30  to  34  years  

5,760 

3,987 

132 

1,641 

35  to  44  years.  .  .  

8,209 

5,732 

174 

2,303 

45  to  54  years  

5,221 

3,730 

118 

1,373 

55  to  64  years         

2,976 

2  185 

67 

724 

65  years  and  over   

1,813 

1,336 

40 

437 

Native  white  males  

27,  871 

18,  408 

425 

9,038 

10  to  14  years  

5,318 

3,704 

146 

1,468 

15  to  19  years  

3,825 

2,487 

87 

1,261 

20  to  24  years  

3,670 

2,177 

54 

1,439 

25  to  29  years  

3,236 

2,072 

33 

1,131 

30  to  34  years  < 

2,820 

1,867 

31 

922 

35  to  44  years  

4,136 

2,741 

34 

1,361 

45  to  54  years  

2,686 

1,764 

22 

800 

55  to  64  years  

1,425 

997 

10 

418 

65  years  and  over  

855 

599 

8 

248 

Native  white  females  

29,544 

20,  526 

1,141 

7,877 

10  to  14  years           

4,939 

3,478 

223 

1,238 

15  to  19  years  

4,  510 

2,785 

209 

1,516 

20  to  24  years  

4,066 

2,597 

160 

1,309 

25  to  29  years  

3,872 

2,664 

123 

1,085 

30  to  34  years           

2,  940 

2,120 

101 

719 

35  to  44  years       

4,073 

2,991 

140 

942 

45  to  54  years  

2,635 

1,966 

96 

573 

55  to  64  years  

1,551 

1,188 

57 

306 

65  years  and  over              .        .             .  . 

958 

737 

32 

189 

Foreign  white,  both  sexes  

1,414 

160 

15 

1,239 

10  to  14  years  .              .               ... 

33 

4 

1 

28 

15  to  19  years  ..       .        

82 

2 

1 

79 

20  to  24  years  

129 

8 

1 

120 

25  to  29  years  

185 

12 

1 

172 

30  to  34  years  

188 

26 

3 

159 

35  to  44  years                                      

309 

36 

2 

271 

45  to  54  years         *.. 

250 

34 

3 

213 

55  to  64  years  

138 

22 

1 

115 

65  years  and  over  

100 

16 

2 

82 

Foreign  white  males  

1,062 

106 

4 

952 

10  to  14  years  

19 

] 

18 

15  to  19  years  

60 

'I 

58 

20  to  24  vears  

101 

\ 

97 

25  to  29  years  

147 

10 

1 

136 

30  to  34  years               

134 

15 

119 

35  to  44  years  

238 

26 

1 

211 

45  to  54  years  

190 

22 

1 

167 

55  to  64  years  

102 

16 

86 

65  years  and  over  

71 

11 

60 

STATISTICS    OF    EDUCATION. 


259 


TABLE  XVIII.— Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

'by  literacy— Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ-Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

F(  ireijr  H  white  females  

352 

54 

11 

287 

14 

4 

10 

15  to  19  vear*                                                    

22 

1 

21 

'I)  to  '74  vears                  

28 

4 

1 

23 

38 

2 

36 

30  to  34  vears        

54 

11 

3 

40 

36  to  44  years  

71 

10 

1 

60 

60 

12 

2 

46 

55  to  64  vears  

36 

6 

1 

29 

65  years  and  over  

29 

5 

2 

22 

Colored  both  sexes  

32,223 

26,027 

981 

5,215 

10  to  14  years  

5,998 

4,876 

191 

931 

15  to  19  vears  

4,689 

3,556 

209 

924 

20  to  24  vears  

4,281 

3,139 

139 

1,003 

25  to  29  vears                

3,785 

2,919 

110 

756 

30  to  34  vears  

3,053 

2,462 

78 

513 

35  to  44  vears  

4,511 

3,802 

132 

577 

la  t<  >  54  vears                                    

3,022 

2,664 

60 

298 

55  to  64  vears  

1,814 

1,620 

39 

156 

65  years'and  over  

1,070 

989 

23 

58 

Colored  males  -. 

15,236 

12,074 

269 

2,893 

10  to  14  years  

3,163 

2,531 

90 

532 

15  to  19  years            

2  118 

1,657 

58 

403 

20  to  24  vears  

1,973 

1,389 

36 

548 

25  to  29  vears  

1,688 

1,243 

24 

421 

30  to  34  vears               

1,451 

1,114 

16 

321 

35  to  44  vears        

2,197 

1,816 

24 

357 

45  to  54  vears  

1,377 

1,182 

13 

182 

55  to  64  vears                       

825 

725 

5 

•95 

in  vears  and  over   

454 

417 

3 

34 

Colored  females 

16  987 

13  953 

712 

2  322 

10  to  14  vears  

2  845 

2  345 

101 

399 

15  to  19  vears  

2  571 

1  899 

151 

621 

20  to  24  vears  

2,308 

1,750 

103 

455 

25  to  29  vears  -  ..     .  . 

2  097 

1  676 

86 

335 

'30  to  34  vears  

1  602 

1  348 

62 

192 

35  to  44  years  

2,314 

1,986 

108 

220 

45  to  54  vears  

1  645 

1  482 

47 

116 

55  to  64  years  

989 

895 

34 

60 

65  years  and  over  

616 

572 

20 

24 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 


Total  population,  both  sexes  

141,901 

107,  511 

3,508 

30  882 

10  to  14  vears  

26  442 

20  492 

870 

5  080 

16  to  19  years  

20  015 

14  733 

642 

4  640 

20  to  24  venrs  

19,892 

14,050 

491 

5  351 

25  to  29  vears  

18  792 

13  779 

409 

4  604 

30  to  34  vears  

13  731 

10  262 

295 

3  174 

35  to  44  vears  

19,505 

14,960 

410 

4  135 

45  to  54  vears  

12,821 

10,404 

225 

2  192 

55  to  64  vears  

6,760 

5  560 

102 

1  098 

65  vears  and  over  

3,943 

3,271 

64 

608 

Total  males  

70  650 

50  834 

1  174 

18  642 

10  to  14  vears  

13  847 

10  586 

369 

2  892 

15  to  19  vears  

9  339 

6  740 

•»s 

2  371 

20  to  24  vears  

9  656 

6  305 

155 

3  1% 

25  to  29  vears  

9  149 

6  169 

130 

2  850 

30  to  34  vears  

6,828 

4,703 

78 

2  047 

35  to  44  vears  

10  000 

7  134 

102 

2  764 

45  to  54  vears  

6,491 

4  992 

68 

1  431 

55  to  64  vears  

3,477 

2,729 

31 

717 

65  vears  and  over  

1  863 

1  476 

13 

374 

260 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XVIII. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

by  literacy — Continued. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total  females 

71,251 

56  677 

2  334 

12  240 

10  to  14  years  

12,  595 

9  906 

501 

2  188 

15  to  19  years 

10  676 

7  993 

414 

2  269 

20  to  24  years.  .'  

10  236 

7  745 

336 

2  155 

25  to  29  years  

9,643 

7  610 

279 

1  754 

30  to  34-  years  

6,903 

5  559 

217 

1  127 

35  to  44  years  

9,505 

7,826 

308 

1,371 

45  to  64  years 

6  330 

5  412 

157 

761 

55  to  64  years.  .    .     .          

3  283 

2  831 

71 

381 

65  years  and  over  

2  080 

1  795 

51 

234 

Native  white,  both  sexes 

82  472 

59  583 

2  038 

20  851 

10  to  14  years  

15  464 

11  508 

541 

3  415 

15  to  19  years  

11  964 

8  381 

365 

3  218 

20  to  24  years.. 

11  801 

7  940 

274 

3  587 

25  to  29  years  

10  990 

7  691 

227 

3  072 

30  to  34  years  

8  014 

5  720 

174 

2  120 

35  to  44  years  

11  033 

8  041 

230 

2  762 

45  to  54  years  

7  108 

5  528 

126 

1  454 

55  to  64  years  

3,839 

2  992 

63 

784 

65  years  and  over  

2  259 

1  782 

38 

439 

Native  white  males  

40  828 

27  958 

709 

12  161 

10  to  14  years  

8  080 

5  909 

235 

1  936 

15  to  19  vears  

5  517 

3  749 

141 

1  697 

20  to  24  years            

5  689 

3  529 

87 

2  073 

25  to  29  years  

ft  330 

3  410 

73 

1  847 

30  to  34  years  '. 

4  042 

2  655 

52 

1  335 

35  to  44  years  

5  627 

3  819 

62 

1  746 

45  to  54  vears 

3  545 

2  644 

35 

866 

55  to  64  years  

1  931 

1  443 

18 

470 

65  vears  and  over  

1  067 

'soo 

6 

261 

Native  white  females  ,  

41,644 

31,625 

1,329 

8,690 

10  to  14  years  

7  384 

5  599 

306 

1  479 

15  to  19  years  

6  447 

4  632 

2*>4 

1  591 

20  to  24  years  

6  112 

4  411 

187 

1  514 

25  to  29  years  

5  660 

4  281 

154 

1  225 

30  to  34  years  

3  972 

3  065 

122 

785 

35  to  44  vears 

5  406 

4  222 

168 

1  016 

45  to  54  years    

3  563 

2  884 

91 

688 

55  to  64  years  

1  908 

1  549 

45 

314 

65  years  and  over  

1  192 

982 

32 

178 

Foreign  white,  both  sexes  

2,337 

271 

22 

2,044 

10  to  14  years  

64 

7 

47 

15  to  19  years  

119 

5 

114 

20  to  24  years  

262 

19 

2 

241 

26  to  29  years  

342 

36 

1 

306 

30  to  34  years  

337 

29 

1 

307 

35  to  44  years  

512 

51 

5 

456 

46  to  54  years  

390 

68 

7 

315 

55  to  64  years  

207 

38 

6 

163 

65  years  and  over  

114 

18 

% 

Foreign  white  males  

1  855 

176 

10 

1  669 

10  to  14  years  

28 

4 

24 

15  to  19  years  

93 

3 

90 

20  to  24  years  

199 

9 

1 

189 

25  to  29  years  

276 

21 

1 

254 

30  to  34  vears  

275 

24 

251 

36  to  44  years  ..               

425 

38 

1 

386 

46  to  54  years  

318 

46 

4 

268 

55  to  64  years  

162 

22 

3 

137 

65  years  and  over  

79 

9 

70 

STATISTICS    OF   EDUCATION. 


261 


TABLE  XVIII. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

by  literacy — Continued. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 
write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Foreign  white  females  

482 

95 

12 

375 

26 

3 

23 

26 

2 

24 

20  to  24  years  

63 

10 

1 

52 

25  to  29  vears 

66 

16 

61 

30  to  34  years                 ...              

62 

5 

1 

56 

35  to  44  vears  

87 

13 

4 

70 

45  to  54  vears  

72 

22 

3 

47 

55  to  64  vears                       

45 

16 

3 

26 

35 

9 

26 

Colored,  both  sexes  

57,092 

47,657 

1,448 

7.987 

10  to  14  vears  

10,924 

S.  977 

329 

1,618 

15  to  19  years  

7,932 

6,347 

277 

1,308 

20  to  24  years  

7,829 

6,091 

215 

1,523 

25  to  29  vears  

7,460 

6,052 

181 

1,227 

30  to  34  vears  

5,380 

4,513 

120 

747 

35  to  44  years  

7,960 

6,868 

175 

917 

45  to  54  years    ...           .                   ... 

5,323 

4,808 

92 

423 

55  to  64  years  .-  

2,714 

2,530 

33 

151 

65  years  aiid  over  

1,570 

1,471 

26 

73 

Colored  males  

27,967 

22,700 

455 

4,812 

10  to  14  years  

5,739 

4,673 

134 

932 

15  to  19  years 

3,729 

2  988 

87 

654 

20  to  24  years  

3,768 

2,767 

67 

934 

25  to  29  vears  

3,643 

2,738 

56 

749 

30  to  34  years 

2,611 

2,024 

26 

461 

35  to  44  years  .  .  . 

3,948 

3,277 

39 

632 

45  to  54  vears  

2,628 

2,302 

29 

297 

55  to  64  years                                          .  . 

1,384 

1,264 

10 

110 

65  vears  and  over  

717 

667 

7 

43 

Colored  females  

29,125 

24,  957 

993 

3,  175 

10  to  14  years  

5  185 

4  304 

195 

686 

15  to  19  vears  

4,203 

3,359 

190 

654 

20  to  24  vears  

4,061 

3,324 

148 

589 

25  to  29  vears  

3  917 

3  314 

125 

478 

30  to  34  years  

2,869 

2,489 

94 

286 

35  to  44  years  

4  012 

3  591 

136 

285 

45  to  54  years  

2,695 

2,506 

63 

126 

55  to  64  years  

1,330 

1,266 

23 

41 

65  vears  and  over  

853 

804 

19 

30 

CITY  OF  PONCE 


Total  population,  both  sexes  

21,978 

9,796 

1,265 

10,927 

10  to  14  vears  

3,122 

1,171 

310 

1  641 

15  to  19  vears 

3,172 

1  246 

208 

1  718 

20  to  24  vears  

3,423 

1,370 

166 

1  887 

25  to  29  vears  

3,136 

1,339 

155 

1  642 

30  to  34  years 

2,317 

1  044 

102 

1  171 

35  to  44  years  

3,194 

1,556 

146 

1  492 

45  to  54  vears  

1,995 

1,096 

% 

803 

55  to  64  vears  ...  . 

1,094 

644 

42 

408 

65  vears  and  over  

525 

330 

30 

165 

Total  males  

10,183 

4,053 

344 

5  786 

10  to  14  vears  

1,533 

588 

119 

826 

15  to  19  years  

1,428 

560 

68 

800 

20  to  24  vears         

1  595 

531 

40 

1  024 

25  to  29  vears  

1,518 

596 

38 

884 

30  to  34  years  

1,089 

402 

20 

667 

35  to  44  vears  

1,511 

637 

22 

852 

45  to  54  years  

863 

395 

22 

446 

55  to  64  vears 

470 

237 

10 

223 

65  vears  and  over  

176 

107 

5 

64 

262 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XVIII. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

by  literacy — Continued. 


CITY  OF  PONCE— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Can  neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read 
but  can  not 

write. 

Can  read 
and  write. 

Total  females  

11,795 

5,743 

911 

5,141 

10  to  14  vears  

1,589 

583 

191 

815 

16  to  19  years  -  

1,744 

686 

140 

918 

20  to  24  years  

l.S'J.S 

839 

126 

863 

26  to  29  years                             

1,618 

743 

117 

758 

30  to  34  years                                   

1,228 

642 

82 

504 

35  to  44  years                       

1,683 

919 

124 

640 

45  to  54  years  

1,132 

701 

74 

357 

55  to  64  years  

624 

407 

32 

185 

65  vears  and  over  

349 

223 

25 

101 

Native  white  both  sexes  

10,  967 

3,925 

545 

6,  497 

10  to  14  years  

1,689 

512 

155 

1,022 

15  to  19  years                              .  ..        

697 

552 

96 

1  (119 

20  to  24  years                             

757 

569 

67 

1  ,  121 

25  to  29  years  

.526 

530 

52 

'.M4 

30  to  34  years  

,107 

392 

43 

072 

35  to  44  years  

,535 

605 

62 

868 

45  to  54  years  

915 

410 

36 

469 

55  to  64  years                        .          .             

513 

247 

20 

246 

65  years  and  over  

228 

108 

14 

106 

Native  white  males  

5,099 

1,679 

157 

3,263 

10  to  14  years  

850 

263 

61 

no 

15  to  19  vears  

7s; 

246 

36 

501 

20  to  24  years  

825 

230 

18 

577 

25  to  29  years  

734 

243 

9 

482 

30  to  34  years  .'. 

530 

153 

10 

367 

35  to  44  years  

699 

241 

11 

447 

45  to  54  years 

402 

174 

7 

221 

55  to  64  years              

205 

95 

3 

107 

65  years  and  over  

71 

34 

2 

35 

Native  white  females                      

5  868 

2  246 

388 

3,234 

10  to  14  years  

839 

•-M9 

94 

496 

15  to  19  years  

914 

306 

60 

548 

20  to  24  years              .         .         

932 

339 

49 

544 

25  to  29  years  

792 

287 

43 

462 

30  to  34  vears  •  

677 

239 

33 

305 

35  to  44  years  

BM 

364 

61 

421 

45  to  54  years  

613 

236 

29 

248 

55  to  64  years                            

308 

152 

17 

139 

65  years  and  over  

157 

74 

12 

71 

Foreign  white,  both  sexes  -  

1,131 

128 

13 

990 

10  to  14  years  

37 

4 

33 

15  to  19  years.  

62 

3 

59 

20  to  24  years  

130 

15 

2 

113 

25  to  29  years  

169 

14 

1 

154 

30  to  34  years                                           

161 

13 

1 

147 

35  to  44  years          ..                  

251 

30 

3 

218 

45  to  54  years  

172 

28 

3 

141 

55  to  64  years  

106 

14 

3 

89 

65  years  and  over                                        

43 

7 

36 

Foreign  white  males  

825 

77 

5 

743 

10  to  14  years  

19 

2 

17 

15  to  19  vears  

45 

2 

43 

20  to  24  years  

91 

7 

1 

83 

25  to  29  years  

128 

8 

1 

119 

30  to  34  years  

120 

10 

110 

35  to  44  years  

189 

23 

166 

45  to  54  years  

132 

15 

2 

115 

56  to  64  years  

78 

7 

1 

70 

65  years  and  over  

23 

3 

20 

STATISTICS    OF    EDUCATION. 


263 


TABLE  XVIII. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

by  literacy — Continued. 

CITY  OF  PONCE— Continued. 


Age  period. 


Total. 


Can  neither 
read  nor 

write. 


Can  read 

but  can  not 

write. 


Can  read 
and  write. 


306 


Foreign  white  females 

10  to  14  years 18 

15  to  19  years 17 

20  to  24  years 39 

25  to  29  years 41 

30  to  34  years 41 

35  to  44  years 62 

4  r>  to  54  y  ears 40 

55  to  64  years 28 

65  years  and  over 20 

Colored,  both  sexes 9,880 

10  to  14  years 1,396 

15  to  19  years 1,413 

20  to  24  years 1,536 

25  to  29  years 1,441 

30  to  34  years 1,049 

35  to  44  years 1,408 

45  to  54  years 908 

55  to  64  years 475 

65  years  and  over 264 

Colored  males 4, 259 

10  to  14  years 664 

15  to  19  years 600 

20  to  24  years 679 

25  to  29  years 656 

30  to  34  years 439 

35  to  44  years 623 

45  to  54  years 1 : 329 

55  to  64  years , 187 

65  years  and  over 82 

Colored  females 5, 621 

10  to  14  years : 732 

15  to  19  years 813 

20  to  24  years 857 

25  to  29  years 785 

30  to  34  years 610 

35  to  44  years 785 

45  to  54  years 679 

55  to  64  years 288 

66  years  and  over 172 

CITY  OF  SAN  JUAN. 

Total  population,  both  sexes 25, 438 

10  to  14  years 3,481 

15  to  19  years 3,859 

20  to  24  years 4,041 

25  to  29  years 3,567 

30  to  34  years 2,569 

35  to  44  years 3,698 

45  to  54  years 2,198 

55  to  64  years 1 , 308 

65  years  and  over 717 

Total  males 11,886 

10  to  14  years 1,712 

15  to  19  years 1,813 

20  to  24  years 1,971 

25  to  29  years 1,754 

30  to  34  years 1,275 

35  to  44  years 1,708 

45  to  54  years 929 

55  to  64  years 504 

65  years  and  over 220 


61 


5,743 


655 
691 
786 
795 
639 
921 
658 
383 
215 


2,297 


323 
312 
294 
345 
239 
373 
206 
135 
70 


3,446 


332 
379 
492 
450 
400 
648 
452 
248 
145 


697 


155 

112 

97 

102 

t8 

81 

57 

19 

16 


182 


515 


247 


16 
16 
SO 
H 
37 
52 
M 
19 
If, 


3,440 


610 

653 

544 

352 

406 

193 

73 

23 


1,780 


283 

256 

364 

283 

190 

239 

110 

46 

9 


1,660 


303 
354 
289 
261 
162 
167 
83 
27 
14 


9,252 


1,278 

1,22* 

1,429 

1,230 

881 

1,369 

919 

599 

319 


3,846 


686 
533 
599 
543 
346 
516 
333 
198 
92 


1,785 


336 

302 

264 

235 

168 

235 

123 

80 

42 


562 


146 
96 
91 
83 
49 
54 
23 
16 
4 


14, 401 


1,867 

2,329 

2,348 

2,102 

1,520 

2,094 

1,156 

629 

356 


7,478 


1,184 

1,281 

1,128 

880 

1,138 

573 

290 

124 


264 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XVIII.— Pn/mlaHim  10  years  of  age  and  orei;  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  natiriti/. 

bg  literacy — Continued. 


CITY  OF  SAX  JUAN— Continued. 


Age  period. 


Total. 


Can  neither 

read  nor 

write. 


Total  females...! 13,552 

10  to  14  years 1,769 

15  to  19  years 2,046 

20  to  24  years 2, 070 

25  to  29  years 1,813 

30  to  34  years 1,294 

35  to  44  years 1,990 

45  to  54  years 1,269 

55  to  64  years 804 

65  years  and  over 497 

Native  white,  both  sexes 9, 512 

10  to  14  years 1,522 

15  to  19  years 1,566 

20  to  24  years 1,523 

25  to  29  years 1 , 260 

30  to  34  years =- 898 

35  to  44  years 1,272 

45  to  54  years 737 

55  to  64  years 471 

65  years  and  over 263 

Native  white  males 4,123 

10  to  14  years •  724 

15  to  19  years 725 

20to24years 713 

25to29years 551 

30  to  34  years 413 

35  to  44  years 500 

45  to  54  years 268 

55  to  64  years 164 

65  years  and  over 65 

Native  white  females j  5,389 

10tol4years 798 

15  to  19  years 841 

20  to  24  years 810 

25  to  29  years 709 

30  to  34  years 485 

35  to  44  years 772 

45  to  54  years 469 

56  to  64  years 307 

65  years  and  over 198 

Foreign  white,  both  sexes 2, 748 

10  to  14  years '  85 

15  to  19  years 277 

20  to  24  years 373 

25to29years 430 

30to34years 407 

35to44years 619 

45  to  54  years ::j> 

55  to  64  years 148 

65  years  and  over 81 

Foreign  white  males i  2, 129 

10  to  14  years 51 

15  to  19  years 235 

20  to  24  years 300 

25  to  29  years 352 

30  to  34  years 328 

35  to  44  years 462 

45  to  54  years 247 

55  to  64  years 106 

65  years  and  over l^ 


Can  read 
but  can  not 

write. 


5,406 


592 
695 
830 
687 
535 
853 
586 
401 
227 


2,071 


322 
282 
341 
281 
220 
290 
161 
119 
55 


947 


181 

136 

158 

132 

97 

117 

69 

40 

17 


1, 124 


141 
146 
183 
149 
123 
173 
92 
79 
38 


154 


100 


1,223 


190 

206 

173 

152 

119 

181 

100 

64 

38 


49* 


138 
85 
65 
62 
39 
50 
30 
15 
11 


167 


838 


Can  read 

and  write. 


STATISTICS    OF    EDUCATION. 


265 


TABLE  XVIII. — Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity,  and 

'by  literacy — Continued. 

CITY  OF  SAN  JU AX— Continued. 


Age  period. 


Foreign  white  females 619 

10  to  14  years 34 

15  to  19  years 42 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 78 

30  to  34  years 79 

35  to  44  years 157 

45  to  54  years 81 

55  to  04  years 42 

05  years'and  over _. 

Colored,  both  sexes 13, 178 

10  to  14  years 1 , 874 

15  to  19  years 2, 016 

20  to  24  years 2, 145 

25  to  29  years 1,877 

30  to  34  years 1,264 

35  to  44  years ". 1,807 

45  to  54  years 1,133 

55  to  64  years 689 

65  years  and  over 373 

Colored  males 5, 634 

10  to  14  years 937 

15  to  19  years 853 

20  to  24  years 958 

25  to  29  years 851 

30  to  34  years 534 

35  to  44  years 746 

45  to  54  years 414 

55  to  64  years 234 

65  years  and  over 107 

Colored  females 7, 544 

10  to  14  years 937 

15  to  19  years 1,163 

20  to  24  years 1,187 

25  to  29  years 1,026 

30  to  34  years 730 

35  to  44  years 1,061 

45  to  54  years 719 

55  to  64  years 455 

G5  years  and  over 266 


Total. 


Can  neither 

read  nor 

write. 


Can  read 

but  can  not 

write. 


7,027 


953 
937 

1,084 
931 
640 

1,040 
726 
466 
250 


2,799 


503 
392 
439 
397 
235 
373 
243 
150 
67 


4,228 


450 
545 
645 
534 
405 
667 
483 
316 
183 


1,250 


191 

216 

192 

169 

121 

181 

89 

61 

30 


374 


876 


108 
160 
124 
106 
90 
140 
72 
49 
27 


Can  read 
and  write. 


546 


31 
37 

67 
72 
70 
142 
68 
33 
26 


4,901 


730 
863 
869 
777 
503 
686 
318 
162 
93 


2,461 


351 

405 

451 

391 

268 

332 

154 

72 

37 


2,440 


379 
458 
418 
386 
235 
254 
164 
90 
56 


TABLE  XIX. — Superior  education,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativ'jty. 
PORTO  RICO. 


Age  period. 


Under  18  years 

18  and  19  years 

20  years 

21  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Porto  Rico  . . . 


All  classes. 


Total.  Male. 


341 
209 
143 
604 
817 
683 
1,057 
637 
342 
212 


166 
124 
73 
412 
602 
508 
841 
507 
261 
104 


5.045  8,658 


175 

85 

70 

192 

215 

175 

216 

130 

81 

48 

1,387 


Native  white. 


Total.  Male. 


307 
175 
119 
462 
602 
484 
737 
407 
236 
138 

3,667 


148 
99 
61 
312 
433 
362 
597 
330 
180 
104 

2,626 


Fe- 
male, 


159 
76 
58 
150 
169 
122 
140 
77 
56 
34 

1,041 


Foreign  white. 


Total.  Male. 


12 
18 
12 
91 
164 
161 
284 
202 
97 
72 

1,113 


6 
11 

4 

61 

132 

118 

214 

154 

74 

58 

832 


Fe- 
male, 


Total  Male. 


Colored. 


281       265 


12 
14 
8 
39 
37 
28 
30 
23 
7 
2 

200 


Fe- 
male. 


6fi 


266 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XIX. — Superior  education,  by  age,  sex,  race,  rnnl  nntirily — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA. 


Age  period. 

All  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Total. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Total. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Total. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Under  18  years  

5 

10 
25 
30 
24 
17 
11 
5 

4 
5 
1 
9 
21 
26 
22 
16 
10 
3 

2 

5 
3 
1 
7 
15 
22 
12 
10 
8 
3 

3 
3 
1 
7 
13 
18 
11 
9 
7 
2 

2 

1 
1 

1 
1 

18  and  19  years  
20  years  

1 

1 

21  to  24  years  

1 

4 
4 

2 
1 

1 
2 

3 
2 

2 

1 

1 
1 

25  to  29  years  

2 
4 
1 

1 

1 
1 

8 
8 
10 
7 
3 
2 

7 
8 
9 
7 
3 
1 

1 

30  to  34  years  

35  to  44  years  

1 

2 

2 

45  to  54  years  

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over  

1 

The  department  . 

134 

117 

17 

86 

74 

12 

39 

36 

3 

9 

7 

2 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 


Under  18  years  

21 

10 

11 

20 

9 

11 

1 

1 

18  and  19  years  

15 

9 

6 

14 

9 

5 

1 

1 

20  years  

13 

6 

7 

9 

6 

4 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

21  to  24  years 

47 

34 

13 

34 

25 

9 

•    10 

g 

2 

3 

1 

2 

25  to  29  vears             .  . 

54 

44 

10 

42 

33 

9 

11 

10 

1 

1 

1 

30  to  34  years 

54 

45 

9 

45 

36 

9 

7 

7 

2 

2 

35  to  44  years  

73 

64 

9 

49 

42 

7 

24 

22 

2 

45  to  54  years  

42 

34 

8 

30 

25 

5 

9 

7 

2 

3 

2 

1 

55  to  64  years 

18 

16 

2 

10 

9 

1 

g 

7 

1 

65  years  and  over  

11 

10 

1 

8 

7 

1 

3 

3 

The  department  . 

348 

272 

76 

261 

200 

61 

75 

65 

10 

12 

7 

5 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 


Under  18  years  

101 

48 

53 

91 

45 

46 

4 

1 

3 

6 

2 

4 

18  and  19  years  

45 

26 

19 

36 

19 

17 

5 

3 

2 

4 

4 

20  years  

40 

15 

25 

32 

11 

21 

2 

2 

6 

4 

2 

21  to  24  years  

131 

83 

48 

92 

58 

34 

25 

16 

9 

14 

9 

5 

25  to  29  years 

214 

147 

67 

131 

88 

43 

67 

49 

18 

16 

10 

6 

30  to  34  years         

214 

143 

71 

126 

84 

42 

74 

50 

24 

14 

9 

5 

35  to  44  years  

296 

204 

92 

165 

123 

4-2 

123 

75 

48 

8 

6 

2 

45  to  54  years  

183 

136 

47 

109 

84 

25 

68 

46 

22 

6 

6 

55  to  64  vears 

93 

53 

40 

63 

35 

28 

27 

16 

11 

3 

2 

1 

65  years  and  over  

68 

40 

18 

38 

25 

13 

19 

14 

5 

1 

1 

The  department  . 

1,375 

895 

480 

883 

672 

311 

414 

270 

144 

78 

53 

25 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 


Under  18  years  

12 

8 

4 

11 

7 

4 

1 

1 

18  and  19  years  

12 

7 

6 

12 

7 

5 

20  years 

14 

8 

6 

10 

7 

3 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

21  to  24  years       .... 

43 

31 

12 

34 

23 

11 

7 

6 

1 

2 

2 

25  to  29  vears  

61 

47 

14 

47 

36 

11 

13 

10 

3 

1 

1 

30  to  34  years  

37 

33 

4 

30 

27 

3 

6 

5 

1 

1 

1 

35  to  44  years  

85 

78 

7 

70 

63 

7 

13 

13 

2 

2 

45  to  54  years         

42 

37 

5 

30 

26 

4 

12 

11 

1 

56  to  64  years  

23 

22 

1 

18 

17 

1 

5 

5 

65  years  and  over 

21 

18 

3 

12 

11 

1 

9 

7 

2 

The  department  . 

350 

289 

61 

274 

224 

50 

68 

58 

10 

8 

7 

1 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 


Under  18  vears  

18 

9 

9 

16 

7 

8 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

18  and  19  years  

19 

11 

8 

12 

6 

6 

4 

3 

1 

3 

2 

1 

20  years  

6 

5 

1 

4 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

21  to  24  years       

39 

28 

11 

33 

23 

10 

6 

5 

1 

25  to  29  years  

71 

61 

10 

57 

49 

8 

10 

10 

4 

2 

2 

30  to  34  years  

47 

36 

11 

36 

29 

7 

8 

5 

3 

3 

2 

1 

36  to  44  vears  

89 

80 

9 

64 

59 

5 

22 

19 

3 

3 

2 

1 

45  to  54  years  

63 

58 

5 

38 

36 

2 

19 

18 

1 

6 

i 

2 

56  to  64  years..  ......... 

33 

30 

3 

21 

20 

1 

11 

9 

2 

1 

1 

65  years  and  over 

16 

15 

4 

4 

11 

11 

The  department  . 

400 

333 

67 

284 

236 

48 

93 

82 

11 

23 

15 

8 

STATISTICS    OF    EDUCATION. 


267 


TABLE  XIX. — Superior  education,  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


Age  period. 

All  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

Total. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Total. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Total. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Total. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Under  18  years  

122 

~l 
46 
210 
245 
182 
289 
189 
109 
65 

56 
42 
27 
139 
166 
126 
224 
146 
80 
43 

66 
32 
19 
71 
79 
56 
65 
43 
29 
22 

112 
65 
43 
177 
199 
142 
226 
121 
79 
46 

52 
36 
24 
115 
127 
101 
176 
96 
57 
30 

60 

29 
19 
62 
72 
41 
50 
25 
22 
16 

5 

5 

3 

2 

2 
3 

5 
4 
3 
15 
13 
11 
10 
7 
5 

1 
4 
3 
14 
11 
8 
7 
6 
4 

4 

18 
33 
29 
53 
61 
25 
19 

10 
28 
17 
41 
44 
19 
13 

8 
5 
12 
12 
17 
6 
6 

1 

2 
3 
3 

1 
1 

''•">  to  29  years  

:i(i  to  H4  vears  

:'..'  ti  i  l-l  vears  

i>5  to  C>4  ven  rs  

The  department  . 

1,531 

1,049 

482 

1,210 

814 

3% 

248 

177 

71 

73 

58 

15 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 


Under  18  years  

61 

31 

30 

53 

25 

28 

2 

1 

1 

6 

5 

1 

18  and  19  years 

39 

24 

15 

33 

19 

14 

3 

2 

1 

3 

3 

37 

22 

15 

20 

10 

10 

3 

1 

2 

•Jl  to  •'-•  years 

124 

88 

36 

85 

61 

24 

25 

16 

9 

14 

11 

3 

'_'.">  to  29  years 

140 

111 

29 

111 

87 

24 

22 

18 

4 

14 

11 

3 

:'>(»  to  34  years 

123 

104 

19 

83 

67 

16 

29 

26 

3 

7 

6 

1 

196 

163 

33 

151 

123 

28 

39 

35 

4 

11 

11 

|f>  to  .">!  years 

95 

75 

20 

69 

54 

15 

26 

21 

5 

6 

5 

1 

56 

51 

5 

37 

35 

2 

18 

15 

3 

36 

34 

2 

27 

25 

2 

9 

9 

1 

1 

The  department. 

907 

703 

204 

669 

506 

163 

176 

144 

32 

62 

53 

9 

CITY  OF  PONCE. 


Under  18  years  

12 

7 

5 

10 

5 

5 

1 

1 

1 

1 

18  and  19  years 

9 

5 

4 

7 

4 

3 

2 

1 

1 

•JO  years  

5 

2 

3 

3 

2 

1 

2 

2 

21  to  24  vears 

37 

27 

10 

24 

18 

6 

13 

9 

4 

J-r>  to  'J9  years.. 

41 

37 

4 

24 

24 

14 

11 

3 

3 

2 

•1 

:;o  to  :;i  years  

31 

28 

3 

16 

16 

•    14 

11 

3 

1 

1 

35  to  44  years  

63 

53 

10 

40 

33 

7 

20 

17 

3 

3 

3 

45  to  54  years  

34 

29 

5 

19 

16 

3 

13 

11 

2 

2 

2 

55  to  64  years  

20 

18 

2 

11 

11 

9 

7 

2 

65  years  and  over  

8 

8 

5 

5 

3 

3 

The  city  

260 

214 

46 

159 

134 

25 

91 

71 

20 

10 

9 

1 

CITY  OF  SAN  JUAN. 


Under  18  years  

65 

28 

37 

67 

26 

31 

4 

1 

3 

4 

1 

3 

18  and  19  years  

30 

16 

14 

22 

10 

12 

5 

3 

2 

3 

3 

20  years  

27 

10 

17 

21 

8 

13 

2 

2 

4 

2 

2 

•Jl  to-Jl  years  

93 

56 

37 

59 

36 

23 

22 

13 

9 

12 

7 

5 

25  to  29  years  

150 

% 

54 

84 

52 

32 

63 

36 

17 

13 

g 

5 

30  to  34  years  

149 

100 

49 

77 

53 

24 

64 

42 

22 

g 

5 

3 

:>">  to  44  years  

231 

152 

79 

119 

85 

34 

106 

62 

44 

6 

5 

1 

45  to  51  years.           ... 

121 

85 

36 

67 

49 

18 

51 

33 

18 

3 

3 

55  to  64  years  

66 

35 

31 

42 

21 

21 

22 

12 

10 

2 

2 

65  years  and  over  

39 

24 

15 

24 

14 

10 

14 

9 

5 

1 

1 

The  city  

971 

602 

369 

572 

354 

218 

343 

211 

132 

56 

37 

19 

TABLE  XX. — School  attendance,  by  months,  with  age,  sex,  and  race. 
PORTO  RICO. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2to3 
months. 

4  to6 
months. 

6to7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Total  attendants  

26,212 

2,161 

4,016 

3,522 

6  755 

9  75g 

Under  5  years  

209 

45 

35 

34 

39 

56 

5  to  9  years  

10  254 

1  066 

1  952 

1  506 

2  690 

3  140 

10  to  14  years  

14  492 

973 

1  869 

1  824 

3  808 

6  018 

15  to  17  years.  .•  

1,052 

49 

118 

123 

278 

484 

18  years  and  over  

205 

28 

42 

35 

40 

60 

REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XX. — School  attendance,  by  months,  urith  age,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 
PORTO  RICO -Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2to3 
months. 

4to5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Total  males        

15,507 

1,283 

2,506 

2,190 

3,976 

5,542 

Under  5  years  

98 

23 

16 

17 

18 

24 

5  to  9  years  

5,779 

6% 

1,151 

874 

1,450 

1,708 

10  to  14  years  

8,745 

612 

1,227 

1,185 

2,275 

3,446 

15  to  17  years  

749 

33 

91 

95 

206 

324 

18  years  and  over     

136 

19 

31 

19 

27 

40 

Total  females  

10,705 

878 

1,500 

1,332 

2,779 

4,216 

Under  5  years  

111 

22 

19 

17 

21 

32 

5  to  9  years          

4,475 

470 

801 

632 

1,140 

1,432 

10  to  14  years  

5,747 

361 

642 

639 

1,533 

2,572 

15  to  17  years  

303 

16 

27 

28 

72 

160 

18  years  and  over  

69 

9 

11 

16 

13 

20 

Total  native  white  

17,  641 

1,431 

2,707 

2,374 

4,440 

6,689 

Under  5  years  

128 

30 

18 

21 

21 

38 

5  to  9  years  

6,842 

705 

1,283 

991 

1,671 

2,192 

10  to  14  years  

9,746 

635 

1,274 

1,243 

2,529 

4,065 

15  to  17  years  

759 

36 

97 

91 

189 

346 

18  years  and  over  

166 

25 

35 

28 

30 

48 

Native  white  males                    

10  692 

855 

1  728 

1  534 

2  699 

3  876 

Under  5  years  

67 

16 

8 

12 

10 

21 

5  to  9  years  

3,912 

382 

763 

589 

966 

1,212 

10  to  14  years                      

6  042 

414 

857 

849 

1,653 

2  3(39 

15  to  17  years  

560 

25 

73 

69 

160 

243 

18  years  and  over  

111 

18 

27 

15 

20 

31 

Native  white  females                     

6  949 

576 

979 

840 

1  741 

2  813 

Under  5  years  

61 

14 

10 

9 

11 

17 

5  to  9  years                     

2  930 

323 

520 

402 

705 

980 

10  to  14  years                      

3  704 

221 

417 

394 

976 

1  6% 

15  to  17  years  

199 

11 

24 

22 

39 

103 

18  years  and  over  

55 

7 

8 

13 

10 

17 

Total  foreign  white.          

176 

18 

21 

17 

40 

80 

Under  5  years  

5 

2 

3 

5  to  9  years  

73 

9 

7 

8 

20 

29 

10  to  14  years            .  .  . 

90 

8 

12 

6 

15 

49 

15  to  17  years  

6 

1 

1 

2 

2 

18  years  and  over  

2 

1 

1 

Foreign  white  males 

81 

10 

12 

9 

20 

30 

Under  5  years  

2 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years  

34 

5 

3 

4 

10 

12 

10  to  14  years 

39 

4 

7 

3 

8 

17 

15  to  17  years  

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

18  years  and  over  

2 

1 

1 

Foreign  white  females  

95 

8 

9 

8 

20 

50 

Under  5  years  

3 

1 

2 

5  to  9  years 

39 

4 

4 

4 

10 

17 

10  to  14  years  

51 

4 

5 

3 

7 

32 

15  to  17  years  

2 

1 

1 

18  years  and  over  

Total  colored  

8,395 

712 

1  288 

1  131 

2  275 

2  989 

Under  5  years  

76 

15 

17 

11 

15 

18 

5  to  9  years  

3,339 

352 

662 

607 

899 

919 

10  to  14  years  

4  656 

330 

683 

575 

1'  264 

1  904 

15  to  17  years  

287 

12 

20 

32 

87 

136 

18  years  and  over  

37 

3 

G 

6 

10 

12 

Colored  males  

4  734 

418 

776 

647 

1  257 

1  636 

Under  5  years  

29 

7 

g 

4 

7 

3 

5  to  9  years  

1  833 

209 

385 

281 

484 

10  to  14  years  

2  664 

194 

363 

333 

714 

1  060 

15  to  17  years  

185 

7 

17 

26 

55 

80 

18  years  and  over  

23 

1 

3 

3 

7 

9 

SCHOOL    ATTENDANCE. 


269 


TABLE  XX. — School  attendance,  by  montlis,  with  age,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 
PORTO  RICO— Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2  to  3 
months. 

4*0  5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Colored  females  

3,661 

294 

512 

484 

1,018 

1,353 

47 

8 

9 

7 

8 

15 

5  to  9  vi'ars  

1,506 

143 

277 

226 

425 

435 

10  to  14  years         

1,992 

136 

220 

242 

550 

844 

15  to  17  years  

102 

5 

3 

6 

32 

56 

18  years  and  over  

14 

2 

3 

3 

3 

3 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA. 


Total  attendants  

2,109 

174 

467 

347 

626 

595 

Under  5  years       .  . 

4 

2 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years  

874 

94 

225 

170 

208 

177 

10  to  14  years  

1,136 

73 

217 

166 

291 

389 

15  to  17  years  

86 

4 

23 

9 

25 

25 

18  years  and  over  

9 

1 

2 

1 

1 

4 

Total  males  

1,376 

119 

331 

231 

345 

350 

Under  5  years  

2 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years  

526 

55 

144 

102 

125 

100 

10  to  14  years  

766 

61 

163 

119 

1% 

226 

15  to  17  years  .      .                

75 

3 

22 

8 

22 

20 

8 

2 

1 

1 

4 

Total  females  

733 

55 

136 

116 

181 

245 

Under  5  years  

2 

2 

5  to  9  vears  

348 

39 

81 

68 

83 

77 

10  to  14  years  

371 

12 

54 

47 

95 

163 

15  to  17  years  

11 

1 

1 

1 

3 

5 

18  years  and  over  

1 

1 

Total  native  white  

1,725 

144 

393 

273 

426 

489 

Under  5  years  

2 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years  

711' 

77 

187 

133 

171 

143 

10  to  14  years  

931 

61 

183 

133 

233 

321 

15  to  17  years  

73 

4 

21 

7' 

20 

21 

18  vears  and  over  

8 

1 

2 

1 

4 

Native  white  males  

1,157 

94 

289 

187 

291 

296 

Under  5  years  

j 

1 

5  to  9  years  

434 

39 

125 

82 

106 

82 

10  to  14  years  

648 

52 

142 

98 

164 

192 

15  to  17  years  

67 

3 

20 

7 

19 

18 

18  years  and  over  

7 

2 

1 

4 

Native  white  females  

568 

50 

104 

86 

135 

193 

Under  5  years  

1 

1 

5  to  9  vears  

277 

38 

62 

61 

65 

61 

10  to  14  vears  

283 

9 

41 

35 

69 

129 

15  to  17  years  

6 

1 

1 

1 

3 

18  years  and  over  

1 

1 

Total  foreign  white  

14 

1 

5 

g 

Under  5  years  

5  to  9  years  

g 

5 

3 

10  to  14  vears  

5 

5 

15  to  17  years  

18  vears  and  over  

1 

1 

Foreign  white  males  

6 

1 

3 

2 

Under  5  years  

6  to  9  vears  

4 

3 

1 

10  to  14  years  

1 

1 

15  to  17  years  

18  years  and  over  

1 

1 

270 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XX. — School  attendance,  by  months,  with  age,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA— Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2to3 
months. 

4to5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Foreign  white  females  

8 

2 

0 

Under  5  years  

6  to  9  years  

•  4 

2 

2 

10  to  14  years             .       

4 

4 

16  to  17  years.         

18  years  and  over  

Total  colored  

370 

30 

74 

73 

95 

98 

Under  5  years  

2 

1 

1 

6  to  9  years  

155 

17 

38 

37 

32 

31 

10  to  14  years  

200 

12 

34 

33 

58 

63 

16  to  17  years  

13 

2 

2 

6 

4 

18  years  and  over  

Colored  males  

213 

25 

42 

43 

51 

52 

Under  5  years  

1 

1 

5  to  9  years  

88 

16 

19 

20 

16 

17 

10  to  14  years. 

116 

9 

21 

21 

32 

33 

15  to  17  years  .  .  

8 

2 

1 

3 

2 

18  years  and  over  

Colored  females  

157 

5 

32 

30 

44 

46 

Under  5  years  

1 

1 

5  to  9  years  

67 

1 

19 

17 

16 

14 

10  to  14  years  

84 

3 

13 

12 

26 

30 

15  to  17  years  

5 

1 

2 

2 

18  years  and  over  

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 


Total  attendants  

3,368 

151 

623 

536 

1,057 

1,101 

Under  5  years  

21 

3 

5 

2 

10 

1 

5  to  9  years  

1,236 

73 

227 

210 

415 

311 

10  to  14  years  

1,941 

63 

266 

298 

677 

737 

15  to  17  years  

136 

3 

23 

17 

46 

47 

18  years  and  over  

34 

9 

2 

9 

9 

5 

Total  males  

2,087 

98 

365 

347 

642 

635 

Under  5  years  

12 

2 

4 

5 

1 

5  to  9  years  

718 

44 

142 

121 

237 

174 

10  to  14  years  

1  232 

42 

199 

208 

362 

421 

15  to  17  years.  ...... 

104 

2 

18 

14 

34 

36 

18  years  and  over  .  . 

21 

8 

2 

4 

4 

3 

Total  females  

1,281 

63 

158 

189 

415 

466 

Under  5  years  

9 

1 

1 

2 

5 

6  to  9  years  

618 

29 

85 

89 

178 

137 

10  to  14  years  

709 

21 

67 

90 

215 

316 

15  to  17  years  

32 

1 

5 

3 

12 

11 

18  years  and  over  ...  . 

13 

1 

5 

5 

2 

Total  native  white  

2  673 

121 

439 

437 

819 

857 

Under  5  years  

16 

2 

5 

2 

6 

1 

5  to  9  years  

986 

65 

193 

169 

321 

248 

10  to  14  years  

1  529 

63 

220 

245 

447 

564 

15  to  17  years  

111 

3 

19 

14 

36 

39 

18  years  and  over  

31 

8 

2 

7 

9 

5 

Native  white  males  

1  698 

70 

307 

292 

506 

514 

Under  6  vears  

10 

2 

4 

3 

1 

6  to  9  years  

580 

32 

120 

103 

182 

143 

10  to  14  years  

1,001 

36 

166 

175 

288 

336 

15  to  17  years  

88 

2 

16 

11 

29 

31 

18  years  and  over  

19 

7 

2 

3 

4 

3 

SCHOOL    ATTENDANCE. 


271 


TABLE  XX.— School  attendance,  by  months,  with  age,  sex,  and  race— Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO— Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2to3 
months. 

4to5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Native  white  females  .*  

975 

42 

132 

145 

313 

343 

6 

1 

2 

3 

5  to  9  vears       

406 

23 

73 

66 

139 

105 

528 

17 

54 

70 

159 

228 

23 

1 

4 

3 

7 

8 

18  years  and  over  

12 

1 

4 

5 

2 

14 

1 

2 

.=> 

6 

2 

2 

8 

2 

3 

3 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

18  vears  and  over  

6 

1 

2 

3 

5  to  9  vears                  

4 

i 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1>  vt'ars  and  over  

8 

1 

i 

3 

3 

2 

2 

4 

i 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

18  years  and  over  

Total  colored  

681 

30 

83 

97 

233 

238 

3 

1 

2 

5  to  9  vears  

242 

18 

34 

39 

91 

60 

10  to  14  vears  

409 

10 

45 

53 

130 

in 

15  to  17  vears           

24 

4 

3 

10 

7 

3 

1 

2 

Colored  males                    .      .         

383 

19 

58 

54 

134 

118 

Under  5  vears  

2 

2 

5  to  9  vears  

134 

12 

22 

17 

53 

30 

10  to  14  vears                               

230 

6 

33 

33 

74 

84 

15  to  17  vears         

15 

3 

3 

5 

4 

2 

1 

1 

Colored  females  

298 

11 

25 

43 

99 

120 

Under  5  vears  

1 

1 

5  to  9  vears  

108 

6 

12 

22 

38 

30 

10  to  14  vears  ...                   

179 

4 

12 

20 

56 

87 

15  to  17  vears  

9 

1 

5 

3 

18  vears  and  over  

1 

1 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 


Total  attendants  

5,207 

526 

738 

637 

1,177 

2,129 

Under  5  vears  

112 

24 

14 

22 

18 

34 

5  to  9  vears  

2,200 

262 

396 

267 

524 

751 

10  to  14  vears  

2  616 

227 

309 

322 

564 

1  194 

15  to  17  years  

235 

9 

17 

22 

58 

129 

18  vears  and  over   

44 

4 

2 

4 

13 

21 

Total  males  

2,893 

310 

419 

382 

620 

1  162 

Under  5  vears  

51 

15 

10 

7 

14 

5  to  9  vears  

1,181 

156 

206 

155 

260 

404 

10  to  14  years  '  

1,485 

132 

193 

197 

309 

654 

15  to  17  vears  

151 

5 

13 

19 

36 

78 

18  years  and  over  

25 

2 

2 

1 

8 

12 

272 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XX. — School  attendance,  by  months,  with  age,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON— Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2to3 
months. 

4  to  5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

H  months 
or  more. 

Total  females  

2,314 

216 

319 

'      255 

557 

967 

Under  5  years  

61 

9 

9 

12 

11 

20 

5  to  9  years.         

1,019 

106 

190 

112 

264 

347 

10  to  14  years  

1,131 

95 

116 

126 

255 

540 

15  to  17  years  

84 

4 

4 

3 

22 

51 

18  years  and  over  

19 

2 

3 

5 

9 

Total  native  white  

2,914 

281 

409 

308 

562 

1  294 

Under  5  years  

64 

15 

5 

13 

9 

22 

5  to  9  years  

1,210 

129 

214 

152 

236 

479 

10  to  14  years  

1,465 

128 

175 

184 

279 

699 

15  to  17  years  

146 

6 

13 

16 

32 

79 

18  years  and  over  

29 

3 

2 

3 

6 

15 

Native  white  males  

1,690 

175 

240 

234 

322 

719 

Under  5  years  

31 

9 

7 

3 

12 

5  to  9  years  

675 

80 

109 

90 

129 

267 

10  to  14  years  

872 

81 

119 

124 

164 

384 

15  to  17  years.  

97 

3 

10 

13 

22 

49 

18  years  and  over  

15 

2 

2 

4 

7 

Native  white  females    .           

1  224 

106 

169 

134 

240 

575 

Under  5  years  

33 

6 

5 

6 

6 

10 

5  to  9  years  

535 

49 

105 

62 

107 

212 

10  to  14  years  

593 

47 

56 

60 

115 

315 

15  to  17  years  

49 

3 

3 

3 

10 

30 

18  years  and  over  

14 

1 

3 

2 

8 

Total  foreign  white  

67 

8 

10 

7 

9 

33 

Under  5  years  

'    3 

2 

1 

5  to  9  years  

31 

4 

3 

3 

7 

14 

10  to  14  years  

31 

3 

6 

2 

1 

19 

15  to  17  years  

2 

1 

1 

18  years  and  over  

Foreign  white  males  '. 

27 

5 

4 

4 

4 

10 

Under  5  years  

2 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years  

12 

3 

3 

2 

4 

10  to  14  years  

11 

1 

3 

1 

6 

15  to  17  years  

2 

1 

1 

18  years  and  over  

Foreign  white  females..  .  . 

40 

3 

6 

3 

5 

23 

1 

1 

6  to  9  years  

19 

1 

3 

5 

10 

10  to  14  years  

20 

2 

3 

2 

13 

15  to  17  years  

18  years  and  over  

Total  colored  

2,226 

237 

319 

262 

606 

802 

Under  5  years    

45 

9 

9 

7 

8 

12 

5  to  9  years  

959 

129 

179 

112 

281 

258 

10  to  14  years  

1,120 

% 

128 

136 

284 

476 

15  to  17  years  

87 

2 

3 

6 

26 

50 

18  years  and  over  

15 

1 

1 

7 

6 

Colored  males  

1,176 

130 

175 

144 

294 

433 

Under  5  years  

18 

6 

5 

2 

3 

2 

5  to  9  years  

494 

73 

97 

62 

129 

133 

10  to  14  years  

602 

50 

71 

73 

144 

•264 

15  to  17  years  

52 

1 

2 

6 

14 

29 

18  years  and  over  

10 

1 

4 

5 

Colored  females  

1  050 

107 

144 

118 

312 

369 

Under  5  years  

27 

3 

4 

5 

5 

10 

6  to  9  years  .,  

465 

56 

82 

50 

152 

125 

10  to  14  years  

518 

46 

57 

63 

140 

212 

15  to  17  years  

35 

1 

1 

12 

21 

18  years  and  over  

5 

1 

3 

1 

SCHOOL    ATTENDANCE. 


273 


TABLE  XX. — School  attendance,  by  months,  with  age,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2  to3 
months. 

4  to5 
months. 

6  to7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Total  attendants  

3,250 

275 

384 

436 

1,036 

1,119 

Under  5  years  

13 

4 

1 

1 

1 

6 

5  to  9  years  

1,245 

138 

197 

175 

378 

357 

10  to  14  vears                              

1,862 

126 

173 

248 

614 

701 

15  to  17  years  

121 

7 

10 

12 

41 

51 

18  vears  and  over 

9 

3 

2 

4 

Total  males  

2,022 

176 

273 

276 

621 

676 

Under  5  years  

5 

1 

4 

5  to  9  years  

748 

82 

135 

105 

225 

201 

10  to  14  vears  

1,169 

86 

127 

160 

366 

430 

15  to  17  years  

93 

7 

9 

11 

29 

37 

18  vears  and  over 

7 

o 

1 

4 

Total  females  

1,228 

99 

111 

160 

415 

443 

Under  5  years  

8 

3 

1 

1 

2 

5  to  9  years  

497 

56 

62 

70 

153 

156 

10  to  14  years  

693 

40 

46 

88 

248 

271 

15  to  17  years. 

28 

1 

1 

12 

14 

18  vears  and  over 

2 

1 

1 



Total  native  white  

2,146 

194 

232 

268 

709 

743 

Under  5  years 

7 

2 

1 

4 

6  to  9  vears  

814 

101 

115 

106 

251 

241 

10  to  14  years  

1,222 

85 

107 

155 

422 

453 

15  to  17  years  

% 

6 

7 

7 

34 

42 

18  vears  and  over 

7 

2 

2 

3 

Native  white  males  

1,343 

120 

158 

175 

432 

458 

Under  5  years  

4 

1 

3 

5  to  9  years  

485 

56 

77 

65 

151 

136 

10  to  14  years  

775 

57 

74 

103 

255 

286 

15  to  17  years  

74 

6 

6 

7 

25 

30 

18  years  and  over  

5 

1 

1 

3 

Native  white  females.  .  . 

803 

74 

74 

93 

277 

285 

Under  5  years  

3 

1 

^ 

1 

5  to  9  years  

329 

45 

38 

41 

100 

105 

10  to  14  years  

447 

28 

33 

52 

167 

167 

15  to  17  years  

22 

1 

9 

12 

18  vears  and  over  .  . 

2 

1 

1 

Total  foreign  white  

12 

5 

1 

3 

3 

Under  5  years  

5  to  9  years  

3 

2 

1 

10  to  14  years  

8 

3 

1 

2 

2 

15  to  17  years  

1 

1 

18  years  and  over  

Foreign  white  males  

g 

3 

1 

2 

Under  5  years  

5  to  9  years  

1 

1 

10  to  14  vears  

4 

2 

1 

1 

16  to  17  vears  

1 

1 

18  years  and  over  

Foreign  white  females  

6 

2 

1 

3 

Under  5  years  

5  to  9  vears  

2 

1 

1 

10  to  14  years  

4 

1 

1 

2 

15  to  17  years  

18  years  and  over  

• 

Total  colored  

1  092 

81 

147 

167 

324 

373 

Under  5  years  

6 

2 

] 

1 

2 

5  to  9  years  

428 

37 

80 

69 

127 

115 

10  to  14  vears  

(13° 

41 

63 

99 

190 

246 

15  to  17  years  

24 

1 

3 

5 

g 

9 

18  years  and  over  

2 

1 

1 

8490—0 


274 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO   RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XX. — School  attendance,  by  months,  with  age,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA— Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2to3 
months. 

4  to  5 
months. 

6to7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

673 

56 

112 

100 

187 

218 

Under  5  years  

1 

1 

5  to  9  years  

262 

26 

57 

40 

74 

65 

10  to  14  years                  .  .            

390 

29 

51 

56 

110 

144 

15  to  17  years  

18 

1 

3 

4 

g 

7 

18  years  and  over  

2 

1 

1 



Colored  females  

419 

25 

35 

67 

137 

155 

Under  5  years  

5 

2 

1 

1 

j 

5  to  9  vears  

166 

11 

23 

29 

53 

50 

10  to  14  years  

242 

12 

12 

36 

80 

102 

15  to  17  years  

6 

1 

3 

o 

18  years  and  over  

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 


Total  attendants       

2,403 

84 

304 

276 

639 

1,100 

Under  5  vears  

14 

3 

5 

1 

2 

| 

5  to  9  years  

it:-!  t 

48 

159 

133 

253 

341 

10  to  14  years     

1,324 

33 

125 

122 

358 

686 

15  to  17  years  

103 

10 

11 

16 

66 

28 

5 

9 

10 

4 

Total  males  

1,402 

50 

173 

173 

395 

611 

Under  5  years  

5 

1 

2 

1 

1 

5  to  9  vears  

532 

28 

91 

81 

146 

186 

10  to  14  years  

768 

21 

67 

80 

226 

374 

15  to  17  years         

75 

9 

6 

18 

47 

18  years  and  over  

22 

4 

6 

9 

Total  females  

1,001 

34 

131 

103 

244 

489 

Under  5  years  

9 

2 

3 

1 

1 

•2 

5  to  9  years  

402 

20 

68 

52 

107 

I.T.T 

10  to  14  years  

556 

12 

58 

42 

132 

312 

28 

1 

5 

3 

19 

18  years  and  over  

6 

1 

3 

1 

1 

Total  native  white  

1,431 

46 

184 

165 

358 

678 

Under  5  years.  .                          

6 

2 

1 

2 

1 

5  to  9  years  

530 

23 

91 

73 

137 

206 

10  to  M  years  

811 

21 

81 

78 

204 

427 

15  to  17  years  

61 

7 

8 

6 

40 

18  years  and  over  

23 

4 

6 

9 

4 

Native  white  males  

859 

29 

105 

112 

231 

882 

Under  5  years.  

4 

1 

1 

1 

j 

5  to  9  years  

316 

15 

52 

49 

81 

119 

10  to  14  years  

474 

13 

43 

54 

136 

228 

16  to  17  years  

46 

6 

4 

5 

31 

18  years  and  over  . 

19 

3 

5 

8 

3 

Native  white  females  

572 

17 

79 

53 

127 

296 

Under  5  years  

2 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years  

•214 

8 

39 

24 

56 

87 

10  to  14  years  

337 

8 

38 

24 

68 

199 

15  to  17  years 

15 

1 

4 

1 

9 

18  years  and  over  

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Total  foreign  white 

7 

3 

4 

Under  5  years    

5  to  9  vears 

3 

1 

2 

10  to  14  years  

4 

2 

2 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over  

SCHOOL    ATTENDANCE. 


275 


TABLE  XX. — School  attendance,  by  months,  with  age,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO— Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2to3 
months. 

4to5 
months. 

6to7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

2 

3 

. 

2 

1 

1 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

Under  5  years    

6  to  9  years  *.... 

1 

1 

10  to  14  years 

1 

1 

15  to  17  years         

18  years  and  over  

Total  colored             ..             ... 

965 

38 

120 

Ill 

278 

418 

Under  5  years                         

8 

1 

4 

1 

2 

5  to  9  vears            .         

401 

25 

68 

60 

115 

133 

10  to  14  years  

509 

12 

44 

44 

152 

257 

15  to  17  years  

42 

3 

3 

10 

26 

18  years  and  over              

5 

1 

3 

1 

Colored  males 

538 

21 

68 

61 

162 

226 

Under  5  years           

1 

1 

5  to  9  years           

214 

13 

39 

32 

64 

66 

10  to  14  years  

291 

8 

24 

26 

89 

144 

15  to  17  years 

29 

3 

2 

8 

16 

18  years  and  over  

3 

1 

1 

1 

Colored  females  

427 

17 

52 

50 

116 

192 

Under  5  years  ...        

7 

1 

3 

1 

2 

5  to  9  years  

187 

12 

29 

28 

51 

67 

10  to  14  years  

218 

4 

20 

18 

63 

113 

15  to  17  years  

13 

1 

2 

10 

18  years  and  over  

2 

2 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


Total  attendants  . 

4  304 

342 

685 

503 

996 

1  778 

Under  5  years  

22 

3 

6 

1 

5 

7 

5  to  9  vears  

1  607 

166 

312 

213 

361 

556 

10  to  14  years  

2  493 

164 

345 

260 

597 

1  127 

15  to  17  years  

168 

7 

21 

26 

33 

81 

18  years  and  over  

14 

2 

1 

3 

g 

Total  males  

2  481 

201 

404 

300 

577 

999 

Under  5  years  

13 

1 

5 

1 

3 

3 

5  to  9  years  

874 

90 

174 

113 

199 

298 

10  to  14  vears  

1  465 

101 

212 

164 

349 

639 

15  to  17  years  

120 

12 

21 

26 

54 

18  years  and  over  

g 

2 

1 

1 

5 

Total  females  

1  823 

141 

281 

203 

419 

779 

Under  5  vears  

9 

2 

1 

2 

5  to  9  years  

733 

76 

138 

100 

162 

257 

10  to  14  vears  

1  ifs 

63 

133 

96 

248 

A&R 

15  to  17  years  

48 

9 

5 

7 

27 

18  years  and  over  

5 

a 

3 

Total  native  white  

3  128 

256 

506 

359 

711 

1  296 

Under  5  years  

14 

2 

4 

1 

7 

5  to  9  years  

1  173 

124 

231 

151 

253 

10  to  14  vears  

1  805 

125 

255 

187 

43-) 

15  to  17  years  

126 

3 

16 

]N 

9^ 

18  years  and  over  

10 

2 

8 

5 

276 


REPORT    UN    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XX. — School  attendance,  by  months,  with  age,  sex,  and  race — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  MA YAGUEZ— Continued . 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2  to  3 
months. 

4  to  5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Native  white  males                      

1,817 

147 

304 

219 

411 

736 

Under  5  years.  .  . 

7 

3 

1 

3 

5  to  9  years  

645 

65 

135 

85 

140 

220 

10  to  14  years  

1,070 

77 

158 

119 

250 

466 

15  to  17  years  

89 

3 

8 

14 

20 

44 

18  years  and  over  

6 

2 

1 

3 

iJativ  whit^  fftmalftK. 

1,311 

109 

202 

140 

300 

560 

Under  5  years  

7 

2 

1 

4 

5  to  9  years  

528 

59 

% 

66 

113 

194 

10  to  14  years. 

735 

48 

97 

68 

182 

340 

15  to  17  years  

37 

8 

4 

5 

20 

18  years  and  over  

4 

2 

2 

Total  foreign  white  

32 

2 

3 

4 

10 

13 

Under  5  years  

5  to  9  years  

12 

1 

2 

1 

4 

4 

10  to  14  years  

19 

1 

1 

3 

6 

9 

15  to  17  years  

1 

1 

18  years  and  over  

Foreign  white  males  

22 

2 

3 

2 

6 

9 

Under  5  years  

5  to  9  years  

9 

1 

2 

2 

4 

10  to  14  years  

13 

1 

1 

2 

4 

5 

15  to  17  years 

18  years  and  over  

Foreign  wMffi  fftinalffj. 

10 

2 

4 

4 

Under  5  years  

5  to  9  years  .  . 

3 

1 

9 

10  to  14  years  

6 

1 

1 

4 

15  to  17  years  

1 

1 

18  years  and  over  

Total  colored  

1,144 

84 

176 

140 

275 

469 

Under  5  years  

8 

1 

2 

1 

4 

5  to  9  years  

422 

41 

79 

61 

104 

137 

10  to  14  years  

669 

38 

89 

70 

160 

312 

15  to  17  years  

41 

4 

5 

8 

7 

17 

18  years  and  over  

4 

1 

3 

Colored  males  .  . 

642 

62. 

97 

79 

160 

254 

Under  5  years  

6 

1 

2 

1 

2 

5  to  9  years  

220 

24 

37 

28 

57 

74 

10  to  14  years  

382 

23 

53 

43 

95 

168 

15  to  17  years  

31 

4 

4 

7 

6 

10 

18  years  and  over  

3 

1 

2 

Colored  females  

502 

32 

79 

61 

115 

215 

Under  5  years  

2 

2 

5  to  9  years  

202 

17 

42 

33 

47 

63 

10  to  14  years  

287 

15 

36 

27 

65 

144 

15  to  17  years  

10 

1 

1 

1 

7 

18  years  and  over  

1 

1 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 


Total  attendants  

5  571 

609 

915 

787 

1  324 

1,936 

Under  5  years  

23 

6 

4 

6 

2 

5 

6  to  9  years  

2,158 

285 

436 

338 

451 

648 

10  to  14  years  

3  120 

287 

434 

408 

807 

1.184 

15  to  17  years  

203 

19 

14 

2fi 

59 

85 

18  years  and  over  ... 

67 

12 

27 

9 

5 

14 

SCHOOL    ATTENDANCE. 


277 


TABLE  XX. — School  attendance,  by  m»nfli*.  i nth  age,  *er,  ";"/  r<i<; — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE— Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2  to  3 
months. 

4  too 
months. 

6to7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Total  males        

3,246 

329 

551 

481 

776 

1,109 

Under  5  years           

10 

3 

5 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years  

1,200 

141 

259 

197 

258 

345 

10  to  14  vears               

1,861 

169 

266 

257 

467 

702 

15  to  17  years  

131 

9 

8 

16 

46 

52 

18  years  and  over  

44 

7 

18 

6 

4 

9 

Total  females  ^  

2,325 

280 

364 

306 

548 

827 

Under  5  vears  

13 

3 

4 

1 

1 

4 

5  to  9  years  

958 

144 

177 

141 

193 

303 

10  to  14  vears  

1,259 

118 

168 

151 

340 

482 

15  to  17  vears              

72 

10 

6 

10 

13 

33 

18  vears  and  over  

23 

5 

1 

3 

k 

5 

Total  native  white.                     

3,624 

389 

544 

504 

855 

1,332 

Under  5  vears  

19 

6 

2 

6 

2 

3 

6  to  9  vears         

1,418 

196 

252 

207 

302 

461 

10  to  14  vears.          

1,983 

162 

253 

261 

512 

795 

15  to  17  vears  

146 

14 

14 

21 

36 

61 

18  vears'and  over  

58 

11 

23 

9 

3 

12 

Native  white  males  

2,128 

211 

325 

315 

506 

771 

Under  5  vears  

10 

3 

5 

1 

1 

5  to  9  vears 

777 

95 

145 

115 

177 

245 

10  to  14  vears. 

1,202 

98 

155 

176 

296 

477 

15  to  17  vears  

99 

8 

8 

13 

30 

40 

18  vears  and  over  

40 

7 

17 

6 

2 

8 

Native  white  females  

1,496 

178 

219 

189 

349 

561 

Under  5  vears  

9 

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

5  to  9  vears  

641 

101 

107 

92 

125 

216 

10  to  14  years  

781 

64 

98 

85 

216 

318 

15  to  17  vears  

47 

6 

6 

8 

6 

21 

18  years  and  over  

18 

4 

6 

3 

1 

4 

Total  foreign  white 

30 

g 

2 

2 

13 

Under  5  years  

5  to  9  vears  

8 

4 

2 

2 

10  to  14  years  

20 

4 

1 

5 

10 

15  to  17  vears. 

1 

1 

18  vears  and  over  

1 

1 

Foreign  white  males  

9 

3 

2 

1 

3 

Under  5  vears  

5  to  9  vears  

2 

1 

1 

10  to  14  vears  

6 

2 

1 

1 

2 

15  to  17  vears  

18  vears  and  over  

1 

1 

Foreign  white  females  

21 

5 

2 

4 

10 

Under  5  vears  

5  to  9  years  

6 

3 

2 

1 

10  to  14  vears.  . 

14 

2 

4 

g 

15  to  17  vears  

1 

1 

1  •-  vears  and  over  

Total  colored  

1  917 

212 

369 

281 

464 

589 

Under  5  years  

4 

2 

5  to  9  vears  

732 

85 

184 

129 

149 

185 

10  to  14  vears  

1  117 

121 

180 

147 

290 

379 

15  to  17  vears  

56 

5 

5 

23 

23 

18  vears  and  over  

g 

1 

3 

2 

2 

Colored  males  

1,109 

115 

224 

166 

269 

335 

Under  5  vears  

5  to  9  vears  

421 

45 

114 

82 

81 

99 

10  to  14  vears  

653 

69 

110 

81 

170 

223 

15  to  17  vears..  . 

32 

1 

3 

16 

12 

18  vears  and  over  

3 

2 

1 

278 


REPORT   ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO   RICO,   1899. 


TAHLK  XX. — School  attendance,  by  monllix,  n-illi  <i</e,  .sr.r,  ami  run'—  Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE— Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2tO  3 
months. 

4  to5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

808 

97 

145 

115 

195 

256 

Under  5  years....                          .... 

4 

2 

2 

5  to  9  years         .         

311 

40 

70 

47 

68 

86 

10  to  14  years                     

464 

52 

70 

66 

120 

156 

15  to  17  years                   

24 

4 

2 

7 

11 

18  years  and  over  

5 

1 

3 

1 

CITY  OF  PONCE. 


Total  attendants                 

1,900 

164 

326 

211 

336 

863 

Under  5  years  '  

14 

2 

3 

3 

2 

4 

5  to  9  years  

789 

78 

146 

100 

132 

333 

10  to  14  years  

1,027 

75 

169 

103 

190 

490 

15  to  17  years  

61 

8 

6 

4 

12 

31 

18  years  and  over  .                  

9 

1 

2 

1 

5 

Total  males                              

931 

67 

174 

112 

150 

428 

Under  5  years  

6 

1 

i 

3 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years  

377 

30 

72 

49 

62 

164 

10  to  14  years  

520 

34 

99 

59 

80 

248 

15  to  17  years  

26 

2 

3 

1 

7 

13 

18  years  and  over 

2 

2 

Total  females               .             

969 

97 

152 

99 

186 

435 

Under  5  years  

8 

1 

3 

1 

3 

5  to  9  years 

412 

48 

74 

51 

70 

169 

10  to  14  years.                                

507 

41 

70 

44 

110 

242 

15  to  17  years.                        

35 

6 

3 

3 

5 

18 

18  years  and  over  .      .        

7 

1 

2 

1 

3 

Total  native  white 

1,246 

91 

185 

130 

225 

615 

Under  5  years  

11 

2 

1 

3 

9 

3 

5  to  9  years  

535 

49 

87 

63 

93 

243 

10  to  14  years  

647 

34 

91 

60 

121 

341 

15  to  17  years  

46 

5 

6 

3 

9 

23 

18  years  and  over  

7 

1 

1 

5 

Native  white  males 

628 

38 

97 

73 

98 

322 

Under  5  years.  ...                    .     .  .  . 

6 

1 

3 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years  

254 

17 

41 

30 

42 

124 

10  to  14  years  .           . 

343 

18 

53 

39 

49 

184 

15  to  17  years  

23 

2 

3 

1 

6 

11 

18  years  and  over 

2 

2 

Nntiyfi  white  femalps 

618 

53 

88 

57 

127 

293 

Under  5  years  

5 

1 

1 

1 

a 

5  to  9  years  

281 

32 

46 

33 

51 

119 

10  to  14  years  

304 

16 

38 

21 

72 

157 

15  to  17  years  

23 

3 

3 

2 

3 

12 

18  years  and  over  . 

5 

1 

1 

3 

Total  foreign  white. 

24 

8 

1 

2 

5 

8 

Under  5  years  

5  to  9  years  

7 

4 

o 

1 

10  to  14  years  

17 

4 

1 

5 

7 

15  to  17  years  

18  years  and  over  

Foreign  white  males  

7 

3 

1 

1 

2 

Under  5  years  

6  to  9  years  

2 

1 

1 

10  to  14  years  

5 

2 

1 

1 

1 

15  to  17  years  

18  years  and  over  

SCHOOL    ATTENDANCE. 


279 


TABLE  XX. — S<-//<»"/  utti  ini<nn->1,  />;i  month*,  n-ith  "</c.  *<.r,  •///»/  /•<»<•• — Continued. 
CITY  OF  PONCE— Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2  to  3 
months. 

4to5 
months. 

6to7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Foreign  white  females  

17 

5 

2 

4 

6 

5 

3 

2 

12 

2 

4 

6 

18  years'and  over  

Total  colored                     .             

630 

65 

140 

79 

106 

240 

Under  5  years 

3 

2 

1 

5  to  9  years 

247 

25 

59 

35 

39 

89 

10  to  14  vears.                    .             

363 

37 

77 

43 

64 

142 

15  to  17  vears 

15 

3 

1 

3 

8 

2 

2 

Colored  males 

296 

26 

76 

39 

51 

104 

5  to  9  years  

121 

12 

31 

19 

20 

39 

10  to  14  years  .         

172 

14 

45 

20 

30 

63 

15  to  17  vears  

3 

1 

2 

18  vears  and  over 

Colored  females 

334 

39 

64 

•10 

55 

136 

3 

2 

1 

6  to  9  years 

126 

is 

28 

ie 

19 

50 

10  to  14  years            

191 

23 

32 

23 

34 

79 

15  to  17  vears 

12 

3 

1 

2 

6 

18  years  and  over 

2 

2 

CITY  OF  SAN  JUAN. 

Total  attendants 

-1.987  ',           278              276 

256 

311 

866 

Under  5  vears  

79 
949 
890 
62 
7 

15 
133 
126 
3 

9 
156 
104 

7 

15 
125 
107 

8 
1 

14 
167 
127 

1 
2 

26 
368 
426 
43 
3 

5  to  9  years                                      .  .. 

10  to  14  vears  

15  to  17  years. 

18  years  and  over  

Total  males  

943 

139 

138 

124 

136 

406 

Under  5  years. 

33 
471 
400 
35 
4 

9 
71 
58 
1 

4 
79 
50 
5 

6 
61 
50 

7 

3 
72 
58 

1 
2 

11 
188 
184 
21 
2 

5  to  9  years  

10  to  14  years. 

15  to  17  vears  .  .. 

18  vears  "and  over  

Total  females  

1,044 

139 

138 

132 

175 

460 

Under  5  vears  

46 
478 
490 
27 
3 

6 
62 
68 
2 
1 

5 
77 
54 
2 

9 
64 

57 
1 

1 

11 
95 
69 

15 
180 
242 
22 

1 

5  to  9  years  

10  to  14  vears  . 

15  to  17  vears  

18  years  and  over  

Total  native  white.  .  . 

1.059 

133 

141 

124 

127 

BM 

Under  5  vears  

45 

9 

4 

g 

7 

17 

5  to  9  vears  

495 

67 

80 

62 

64 

232 

10  to  14  years  

458 

55 

51 

45 

53 

254 

15  to  17  years  

56 

2 

6 

g 

1 

29 

18  years  and  over  

5 

1 

2 

2 

ive  white  males 

521 

64 

68 

69 

56 

00 

264 

Under  5  vears  

20 

5 

4 

1 

10 

6  to  9  vears  

260 

34 

39 

32 

29 

126 

10  to  14  vears  

211 

25 

25 

26 

23 

112 

15  to  17  years  

27 

.j 

7 

1 

15 

18  vears  and  over  .    . 

3 

2 

1 

280 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TAHI.K  XX. — School  nt/nx/uncf,  Inj  month*,  with  age,  nc.r,  and  race — Continued. 
CITY  OF  SAN  JUAN— Continued. 


Total. 

1  month 
or  less. 

2  to  3 
months. 

4  to  5 
months. 

6  to  7 
months. 

8  months 
or  more. 

Native  white  females             •  •.  

528 

59 

73 

55 

71 

270 

Under  5  years  

25 

4 

4 

4 

6 

7 

5  to  9  years                         

235 

23 

41 

30 

35 

106 

10  to  14  years.  .                  

247 

30 

26 

19 

30 

142 

19 

2 

2 

1 

14 

18  years  and  over 

2 

1 

1 

Total  foreign  white.                 

54 

8 

6 

6 

27 

3 

a 

1 

5  to  9  years 

22 

4 

1 

2 

5 

10 

10  to  14  years.                          

27 

g 

5 

2 

17 

15  to  17  years.                    

2 

1 

1 

18  years  and  over  

Foreign  white  males 

21 

5 

3 

3 

2 

8 

Under  5  years  

2 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years  

8 

3 

2 

1 

2 

10  to  14  years  

9 

1 

2 

6 

15  to  17  years 

2 

1 

1 

18  years  and  over         .:      

33 

3 

4 

3 

4 

19 

Under  5  years 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years.  ..        .          

14 

1 

1 

4 

8 

10  to  14  vears  

18 

'> 

3 

y 

11 

15  to  17  years  

18  years  and  over.'  

Total  colored  

884 

147 

128 

126 

178 

305 

Under  5  years 

31 

6 

5 

5 

6 

9 

5  to  9  years  

432 

72 

61 

98 

126 

10  to  14  years  

405 

68 

48 

60 

74 

155 

15  to  17  years 

14 

14 

18  vears  and  over  

2 

1 

1 

401 

70 

67 

52 

78 

134 

Under  5  years  

11 

4 

4 

1 

1 

1 

5  to  9  years  

203 

34 

40 

27 

42 

60 

10  to  14  years  

180 

32 

23 

24 

35 

66 

15  to  17  years. 

6 

6 

18  years  and  over.                           .  . 

1 

1 

483 

77 

61 

74 

100 

171 

Under  5  years  

20 

2 

1 

4 

5 

8 

5  to  9  years  

229 

38 

35 

34 

56 

66 

10  to  14  years  

225 

36 

25 

36 

39 

89 

15  to  17  years  

8 

8 

18  years  and  over  

1 

1 

SCHOOL    STATISTICS. 


281 


TABLE  XXI. — K'nnl  '///</  <-'ij»u-ity  of  educational  ingtitut-ioius. 
PORTO  RICO. 


Department. 

Number  of 
schools. 

Kind  of  schools. 

Kind  of  pupils. 

Public. 

Private. 

Religion-. 

Day. 

ioarding 

Both. 

42 
79 
85 
60 
57 
'S3 
81 

41 
64 
75 
58 
55 
49 
70 

1 
15 
9 
2 
2 
11 
11 

42 

7* 
81 
59 
57 

1 
3 

1 

Bayamon  

1 

1 

Guayama.  .. 

Humacao 

Mavaguez  . 

i 

62 
80 

1 
1 

Ponce 

Porto  Rico  

467 

412 

51 

3! 

459 

1 

7 

Department. 

Capacity. 

Number  of 
teachers. 

Number  of  pupils. 

Free. 

Pay. 

Number 
of  build- 
ings. 

Seating 
capacity. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Aguadilla.. 

42 
79 
87 
60 
57 
63 
85 

2,295 
3,814 
85,908 
33,597 
«3,830 
<4,135 
5,585 

41 
50 
68 
51 
38 
54 
73 

It 
30 
74 
18 
23 
41 
48 

1,393 
2,337 
2,989 
2,505 
1,771 
1,96<> 
2,836 

600 
979 
2,283 
906 
1,050 
1,206 
1,441 

206 
252 
286 
175 
119 
294 
357 

83 

227 
237 
92 
26 
124 
378 

Arecibo  

Bavamon 

Guavama  

Humacao  

Mavaguez. 

Ponce  

Porto  Rico 

473 

29,164 

375 

248  |      15,797 

1 

S.465 

1,689  j 

1,167 

1  Kind  of  school  not  stated. 

-  Capacity  of  4  schools  not  given 


3  Capacity  of  2  schools  not  given. 

4  Capacity  of  1  school  not  given. 


TABLE  XXII.—  Xii/nhi  •/•  of  pupil*  t,ij  i-olor  nn<l  fte.r. 


Department. 

Total 
pupils. 

White. 

Black. 

Total. 

Free.                 Pay. 

Total. 

Free. 

Pay 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Aguadilla  

'2,282 
*3,795 
3  5,  795 
*3,578 
2,966 
3  3,  590 
5,012 

1,856 
3,106 
3,223 
2,226 
1,689 
2,496 
3.  'J7^ 

1,146 
1,958 
1,604 
1,451 
1,008 
1,362 
1,833 

459 
698 
1,133 
587 
551 
767 
873 

179 
239 
253 
132 
107 
260 
269 

72 
211 
233 
56 
23 
107 
303 

169 
139 
884 
346 
347 
196 
346 

99 
86 
444 
258 
220 
86 
183 

62 
50 
418 
58 
123 
101 
134 

•>j 
25 
3 
4 
29 

1 

3 

5 

1 
5 

Arecibo  .... 

Bavamon  

Guavama  

Humacao. 

Mavaguez  

Ponce  .... 

Porto  Rico  

27,018 

17,  874 

10,362 

5,068  ;  1,439 

1,005     2,427    1,376 

I              1 

946 

90 

15 

iK'iHtrtinent. 

Mixed. 

Average 
attendance. 

Total. 

Free. 

Pay. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Aguadilla  

257 
550 
1,688 
1,006 
930 
898 
1,388 

148 
293 
941 
6% 
543 
518 
820 

79 
231 
732 
261 
376 
338 
434 

20 
13 
11 
18 
9 
30 
59 

10 
13 
4 
31 
2 
12 
75 

«  1,417 
62,432 
«2,963 
'2,192 

81,7% 

»2,276 
i»2,387 

Arecibo  

Bavamon  .  .  . 

Guavama  

Humacao  

Mavaguez  

Ponce  .... 

Porto  Rico  . 

6,  717                  3,  959 

2,451 

160 

147 

15,463 

1  Number  of  pupils  in  6  schools  not  given. 

2  Number  of  pupils  in  3  schools  not  given. 

3  Number  of  pupils  in  1  school  not  given. 

1  Average  attendance  of  8  schools  omitted. 
*  Average  attendance  of  (i  schools  omitted. 


6  Average  attendance  of  20  schools  omitted. 

7  Average  attendance  of  9  schools  omitted. 
s  Average  attendance  of  8  schools  omitted. 
9  Average  attendance  of  15  schools  omitted. 
111  Average  attendance  of  23  schools  omitted. 


282 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSl'S    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupations. 
PORTO  Rico. 

TOTAL  POPULATION,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Department. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries. 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Aguadilla  

99,645 

23,1% 

1,687 

1,948 

145 

5,668 

67,001 

Arecibo  

162,308 

36,577 

2,899 

3,284 

221 

8,458 

110,869 

Bayamon                   

160,046 

26,264 

4,614 

5,523 

638 

15,783 

107,224 

Guayama  

111,986 

24,  187 

2,126 

2,770 

220 

6,851 

76,832 

Humacao  

88,501 

19,495 

1,986 

1,796 

198 

5,340 

59,686 

Mavaguez  

127,566 

26,480 

4,967 

4,556 

354 

8,331 

82,878 

Ponce  

203,191 

42,562 

5,797 

6,638 

418 

14,388 

133,388 

Porto  Rico  

953,243 

198,  761 

24,076 

26,  515 

2,194 

64,819 

636,878 

TOTAL  MALES. 


Aguadilla  

49,224 

22,902 

1,302 

1,307 

125 

2,299 

21,289 

Arecibo                                 .... 

80,901 

36,331 

2,602 

2,567 

192 

3,528 

35,681 

Bavamon 

78,229 

26,092 

4,544 

4,373 

538 

7,919 

34,763 

Guayama                .... 

55,216 

23,869 

2,092 

2,156 

198 

2,841 

24,060 

Humacao  

43,984 

19,344 

1,914 

1,484 

172 

1,801 

19,269 

Mavaguez  

62,750 

•Jf-.l-Jti 

4,183 

3,152 

298 

2,786 

26,206 

Ponce  

101,957 

42,229 

5,  no 

5,087 

360 

6,242 

42,329 

Porto  Rico  

472,  261 

196,893 

22,347 

20,126 

1,883 

27,415 

203,  597 

TOTAL  FEMALES. 


Aguadilla  

50,421 

294 

385 

641 

20 

3,369 

45,  712 

Arecibo 

81,407 

246 

297 

717 

29 

4,930 

75,188 

Bayamon. 

81,817 

172 

70 

1,150 

100 

7,864 

72,461 

Guayama  

56,770 

318 

34 

614 

22 

4,010 

51,  772 

Humacao  

44,517 

151 

72 

312 

26 

3,539 

40,  417 

Mavaguez 

64  816 

354 

784 

1,404 

56 

5,546 

56,672 

Ponce  .  .         .  

101,234 

333 

87 

1,551 

58 

8,146 

91,059 

Porto  Rico  

480,982 

1,868 

1,729 

6,389 

311 

37,404 

433,281 

NATIVE  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Aguadilla  

84,563 

20,090 

1,317 

1,335 

106 

4,159 

67,566 

Arecibo  

]•>:>  f.oi 

27,932 

2,167 

2,202 

168 

5,071 

86,061 

Bavamon  

74,  210 

12,239 

2,077 

1,890 

366 

5,113 

52,525 

Guayama  

56,041 

12,238 

1,257 

1,249 

166 

2,423 

38,708 

Humacao  

40,246 

8,339 

1,204 

744 

140 

1,957 

27,862 

Mayaguez  

80  564 

16,888 

3,435 

2,568 

251 

3,809 

53,613 

Ponce  

118,  784 

25,045 

3,858 

3,102 

278 

6,157 

80,344 

Porto  Rico  

578,009 

122,  771 

15,  315 

13,090 

1,475 

28,689 

3%,  669 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Aguadilla  

41,776 

19,841 

952 

857 

91 

1,779 

18,256 

Arecibo  

61,254 

27,740 

1,901 

1,653 

145 

2,146 

27,669 

Bayamon 

35,901 

12,  145 

2,054 

1,328 

300 

3  171 

16  903 

Guayama  

27,619 

12,052 

1,247 

861 

150 

1,246 

12,063 

Humacao  

19,846 

8,275 

1,182 

560 

122 

802 

8,905 

Mayaguez  

39,625 

16,684 

2,818 

1,526 

214 

1,503 

16,880 

Ponce  

59,282 

24,858 

3,827 

2,290 

245 

2,913 

25,149 

Porto  Rico  

285,303 

121,595 

13,981 

9,075 

1,267 

13,660 

125  825 

OCCUPATIONS. 


283 


TABLE  XXIII. — (/rand  groups  of  occupations — Continue*!. 
PORTO  Rico — Continued. 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Department. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
services. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Aguadilla  

42,787 

249 

365 

478 

15 

2  380 

39  300 

Arecibo  

62,347 

192 

266 

549 

23 

2  925 

68  392 

Bay  amon  

38,309 

94 

23 

562 

66 

1  942 

35  622 

Guayama  

28,422 

186 

10 

388 

16 

1  177 

26  645 

Humacao 

20,400 

64 

22 

184 

18 

1  156 

18  957 

Mavaguez  

40,939 

204 

617 

1  042 

37 

2  306 

36  733 

Ponce  

59,502 

187 

31 

812 

33 

3  244 

66  195 

Porto  Rico  

292,706 

1,176 

1,334 

4,015 

208 

15  129 

270  844 

FOREIGN  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Aguadilla  

735 

175 

181 

33 

25 

142 

179 

Arecibo 

1  458 

401 

329 

76 

40 

246 

366 

Bavamon  

4,018 

188 

1,636 

333 

201 

534 

1  126 

Guayama 

764 

149 

263 

85 

39 

73 

166 

Humacao  .  . 

559 

71 

198 

38 

33 

56 

163 

Mavaguez  

1,480 

265 

443 

127 

74 

142 

429 

Ponce  

2,403 

340 

745 

234 

101 

406 

577 

Porto  Rico 

11  417 

1,689 

3  795 

926 

513 

1  599 

2  995 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Aguadilla  

687 

174 

181 

33 

23 

135 

41 

Arecibo                 

1,121 

•    396 

328 

75 

35 

234 

53 

Bavamon  

3,097 

187 

1,627 

324 

178 

512 

269 

Guayama  

653 

149 

263 

83 

34 

71 

63 

Humacao 

449 

71 

197 

35 

30 

53 

63 

Mavaguez  

1,099 

263 

438 

123 

57 

118 

100 

Ponce  ...                      

1,886 

338 

739 

221 

79 

380 

129 

Porto  Rico  

S.  S92 

1,578 

3,773 

894 

436 

1,503 

708 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


148 

1 

2 

7 

138 

Arecibo  .         

337 

5 

1 

1 

5 

12 

313 

Bayamon  

921 

9 

9 

23 

22 

857 

Guavama               

111 

2 

6 

2 

102 

Humacao  

110 

1 

3 

3 

3 

100 

Mavaguez                    

381 

2 

5 

4 

17 

24 

329 

Ponce         

617 

2 

6 

13 

22 

26 

448 

Porto  Rico  

2,525 

11 

22 

32 

77 

96 

2,287 

COLORED,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Aguadilla  

14,347 

2,931 

189 

580 

14 

1,367 

9,266 

Arecibo  

37,249 

8,244 

403 

1,006 

13 

3,141 

24,442 

Bavamon            

81,  818 

13,837 

901 

3,300 

71 

10,136 

63,573 

Guavama  

55,181 

11,800 

606 

1,436 

15 

4,355 

36,969 

Humacao  

47,696 

11,085 

584 

1,014 

25 

3,327 

31,661 

Mavaguez  

45,522 

9,327 

1,089 

1,861 

29 

4,380 

28,836 

Ponce  

82,004 

17,177 

1,194 

3,302 

39 

7,826 

52,467 

Porto  Rico  

363,817 

74,401 

4,966 

12,499 

206 

34,531 

237,214 

REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  grmips  of  occupations — Continued. 

PORTO  Rico — Continued. 

COLORED  MALES. 


Department. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tions. 

Aguadilla  

6,861 

2,887 

169 

417 

11 

385 

2,992 

Arecibo  

18,526 

8,195 

373 

839 

12 

1,148 

7,959 

Bavamon  

39,231 

13,760 

863 

2,721 

60 

4,236 

17,591 

26,944 

11,668 

582 

1,212 

14 

1,524 

11,944 

Humacao            

23,689 

10,998 

535 

889 

20 

946 

10,  301 

Mayaguez  

22,026 

9,179 

927 

1,503 

27 

1,164 

9,226 

Ponce  

40,789 

17,033 

1,144 

2,576 

36 

2,949 

17,051 

Porto  Rico  

178,066 

73,720 

4,593 

10,  157 

180 

12,352 

77,064 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Aguadilla  

7,486 

44 

20 

163 

3 

982 

6,274 

Arecibo  

18,723 

49 

30 

167 

1 

1,993 

16,483 

Bavamon  

42,587 

77 

38 

579 

11 

5,900 

35,982 

Guayama  

28,237 

132 

24 

224 

1 

2,831 

25,025 

Humacao  

24,007 

87 

49 

125 

5 

2,381 

21,360 

Mayaguez  

23,496 

148 

162 

358 

2 

3,216 

19,  610 

Ponce           

41,215 

144 

50 

726 

3 

4,876 

35,416 

Porto  Rico  

185,  751 

881 

373 

2,342 

26 

22,  179 

160,150 

DEPARTMENT  OP  AGUADILLA. 

TOTAL  POPULATION,  BOTH  SEXES. 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Aguada  

10,581 

3,078 

198 

98 

14 

191 

7  002 

Aguadilla  

17,830 

3,134 

634 

813 

50 

1,281 

11  918 

Isabela  

14,888 

3,778 

152 

302 

18 

992 

9,646 

Lares  

20,883 

4,729 

226 

256 

34 

1,491 

14,  147 

Moca  . 

12,410 

2,833 

50 

71 

6 

451 

8  999 

Rincon  

6,641 

1,417 

288 

46 

5 

417 

4  468 

San  Sebastian  

16,412 

4,227 

139 

362 

18 

845 

10,  821 

The  department  

99,645 

23,1% 

1,687 

1,948 

145 

5  668 

67  001 

TOTAL  MALES. 


Aguada  

5,228 

2,907 

54 

85 

12 

42 

2  128 

Aguadilla  

8,580 

3,124 

623 

608 

43 

577 

3  605 

Isabela  

7,146 

3,767 

138 

131 

14 

127 

2,969 

Lares  

10,483 

4,718 

226 

203 

81 

817 

4  488 

Moca  

6,244 

2,818 

50 

64 

5 

279 

3  028 

Rincon  

3,344 

1,400 

74 

38 

4 

272 

1  556 

San  Sebastian  

8,199 

4,168 

137 

178 

16 

185 

3,515 

The  department  

49  224 

22,902 

1,302 

1,307 

125 

2  299 

21  289 

OCCUPATIONS. 


285 


TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupation* — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA — Continued. 

TOTAL  FEMALES. 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tions. 

Aguada  

5,353 

171 

144 

13 

2 

149 

4  874 

Agiiadilla  ..     .         

9,250 

10 

11 

205 

7 

704 

8  313 

Isabela  

7,742 

11 

14 

171 

4 

865 

6  677 

Lares  

10,400 

11 

53 

3 

674 

9,659 

Moca     .         ... 

6,166 

15 

1 

172 

5  971 

Rincon  

3,297 

17 

214 

8 

1 

145 

2,912 

San  Sebastian 

8  213 

59 

2 

184 

•) 

660 

7  306 

The  department  

50,421 

294 

385 

641 

20 

3,369 

45,  712 

NATIVE  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Aguada  

8,849 

2,633 

184 

66 

13 

83 

5,870 

Aguadilla  

13,432 

2,543 

416 

464 

33 

692 

9,284 

Isabela  .... 

12,892 

3  255 

136 

^226 

16 

764 

8  495 

Lares  

18,  252 

4,128 

165 

194 

22 

1,194 

12,549 

Moca  

10,941 

2,548 

42 

60 

3 

386 

7,902 

Rincon  

5,644 

1,219 

266 

31 

5 

320 

3,803 

San  Sebastian  

14,553 

3,764 

108 

294 

14 

720 

9,653 

The  department  

84,563 

20,090 

1,317 

1,335 

106 

4,159 

57,556 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Aguada  

4,389 

2,484 

41 

60 

11 

14 

1,779 

Aguadilla  

6,473 

2,534 

410 

357 

29 

368 

2.775 

Isabela  

6,206 

3,247 

124 

95 

12 

102 

2,626 

Lares 

9  114 

4  118 

165 

144 

21 

QQ3 

4,004 

Moca    

5,543 

2,539 

42 

54 

2 

248 

2,658 

Rincon 

2  825 

1  205 

64 

23 

4 

215 

1,314 

San  Sebastian  

7,226 

3,714 

106 

124 

12 

170 

3,100 

The  department  

41,776 

19,841 

952 

857 

91 

1,779 

18,256 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Aguada 

4  460 

149 

143 

6 

2 

69 

4,091 

Aguadilla  ...      .             . 

6,959 

9 

6 

107 

4 

324 

6,509 

Isabela  

6,686 

8 

12 

131 

4 

662 

5,869 

9,138 

10 

50 

1 

532 

8,545 

Moca     

5,398 

9 

6 

1 

138 

5,244 

Rincon  

2,819 

14 

202 

8 

1 

105 

2,489 

San  Sebastian  

7,327 

50 

2 

170 

2 

560 

6,553 

The  department.. 

42,787 

249 

36f> 

478 

15 

2,380 

39,300 

FOREIGN   WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


41                 6 

3 

•_' 

1 

20 

9 

Aguadilla  

219               16 

91 

17 

12 

21 

62 

82               34 

7 

4 

9 

28 

Lares 

L'77                 74 

53 

8 

10 

79 

53 

17                  5 

2 

2 

3 

5 

Rincon 

17                  5 

6 

5 

1 

82  1            35 

19 

2 

5 

21 

The  department  

735              175 

181 

33 

•2.-> 

142 

179 

286  REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupations — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA — Continued. 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

32 

6 

3 

2 

1 

20 

Aguadilla  

179 

16 

91 

17 

11 

20 

24 

54 

34 

7 

4 

7 

2 

231 

73 

53 

8 

9 

76 

12 

Moca                

12 

5 

2 

2 

2 

1 

16 

5 

6 

5 

San  Sebastian            .  . 

63 

35 

19 

2 

5 

2 

The  department  

687 

174 

181 

33 

23 

135 

41 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Aguada    .        

9 

9 

Aguadilla  

40 

1 

1 

38 

Isabela 

'     28 

2 

26 

Lares                        

46 

1 

1 

3 

41 

Moca     

5 

1 

4 

1 

1 

Scin  Sebastian 

19 

19 

The  department 

148 

1 

2 

7 

13? 

COLORED,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Aguada  

1,691 

439 

11 

30 

88 

1,123 

Aguadilla                 .          ...... 

4,179 

576 

127 

332 

5 

M 

2  672 

Isabela  

1,914 

489 

9 

72 

2 

219 

1,123 

Lares  

2,354 

527 

8 

54 

2 

218 

1,545 

Moca  

1,452 

280 

6 

11 

1 

62 

1,092 

Rincon  

980 

193 

16 

15 

92 

664 

San  Sebastian  

1,777 

428 

12 

66 

4 

120 

1,147 

The  department  

14,347 

2  931 

189 

680 

14 

1  367 

9  266 

COLORED  MALES. 


Aguada  

807 

417 

10 

23 

g 

349 

Aguadilla  

1,928 

574 

122 

234 

3 

189 

806 

Isabela  

886 

486 

7 

32 

2 

18 

341 

Lares  

1  138 

527 

g 

51 

1 

79 

472 

Moca  

689 

274 

6 

10 

1 

29 

369 

Rincon  

503 

190 

4 

15 

52 

242 

San  Sebastian  

910 

419 

12 

52 

4 

10 

413 

The  department.  . 

6  861 

2  887 

169 

417 

11 

385 

2  992 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Aguada 

884 

22 

1 

7 

80 

774 

Aguadilla  

2  251 

1 

5 

98 

2 

379 

1  766 

Isabela  

1,028 

3 

2 

40 

201 

782 

Lares  

1,216 

3 

1 

139 

1  073 

Moca  

763 

6 

1 

33 

723 

Rincon  

477 

3 

12 

40 

422 

San  Sebastian  

867 

9 

M 

110 

734 

The  department  

7,486 

44 

20 

163 

:; 

982 

6  274 

OCCUPATIONS. 


287 


TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupations — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 
TOTAL  POPULATION,  BOTH  SEXES. 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Arecibo  

36,910 

7,596 

1,017 

1,180 

75 

2,193 

24,849 

Barceloneta  

9,367 

1,974 

138 

133 

11 

695 

6,606 

Camuy  .  .              

10,887 

2,605 

99 

128 

16 

618 

7,421 

dales..    

18,  115 

4,586 

211 

349 

16 

950 

12,004 

Hatillo 

10,449 

2,475 

101 

65 

13 

276 

7,519 

Manati    .    

13,989 

2,257 

318 

543 

33 

1,516 

9,323 

Morovis  

11,309 

2,431 

147 

94 

11 

236 

8,390 

Quebradillas  

7,432 

1,584 

108 

171 

14 

272 

5,283 

Utuado  

43,860 

11,069 

760 

621 

33 

1,803 

29,674 

The  department  

162,  308 

36,577 

2,899 

3,284 

221 

8,468 

110,869 

TOTAL  MALES. 


Arecibo 

18  403 

7,542 

1,013 

918 

66 

1,061 

7,803 

Barceloneta 

4,724 

1,970 

136 

115 

8 

326 

2,169 

Camuy  

5,271 

2,584 

% 

52 

13 

216 

2,310 

(  Males  .... 

9,074 

4,546 

209 

212 

13 

200 

3,894 

Hatillo  

5,164 

2,435 

98 

62 

11 

79 

2,479 

Manati  

6,864 

2,229 

310 

454 

29 

735 

3,107 

Morovis               .         

5,672 

2,424 

145 

93 

10 

155 

2,845 

Quebradillas  

3,579 

1,580 

100 

130 

11 

124 

1,634 

Utuado  

22,150 

11,021 

495 

531 

31 

632 

9,440 

The  department 

80  901 

36,331 

2,602 

2,567 

192 

3,528 

35,681 

TOTAL  FEMALES. 


Arecibo  

18,507 

54 

4 

262 

9 

1,132 

17,046 

Barceloneta  

4,633 

4 

2 

18 

3 

269 

4,337 

Camuy  

5,616 

21 

3 

76 

3 

402 

5,111 

Ciales  

9,041 

40 

2 

137 

2 

750 

8,110 

Hatillo 

5  285 

40 

3 

3 

2 

197 

5  040 

Manati  

7,125 

28 

g 

89 

4 

780 

6  216 

Morovis  

5,637 

7 

2 

1 

1 

81 

5,545 

Quebradillas 

3  853 

4 

g 

41 

3 

148 

3  649 

Utuado  

21,710 

48 

265 

90 

2 

1,171 

20  134 

The  department  

81,407 

246 

297 

717 

29 

4  930 

75  188 

NATIVE  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Arecibo  ....             ... 

25  453 

5  322 

705 

723 

53 

1  069 

17  581 

Barceloneta  

5,255 

1,010 

105 

82 

70 

285 

3  763 

Camuy 

9  747 

2  330 

92 

113 

11 

501 

6  700 

Ciales          

13,  942 

3  431 

161 

273 

13 

621 

9  443 

Hatillo  

8,590 

1,963 

86 

64 

13 

186 

6  289 

Manati           

7,955 

1  208 

177 

268 

22 

802 

5  478 

Morovis  

9,197 

1,972 

116 

73 

10 

165 

6  861 

Quebradillas 

6  611 

1  388 

100 

149 

13 

223 

4  738 

Utuado  

36,851 

9,308 

626 

467 

23 

1  219 

26  208 

The  department  

123,601 

27  932 

2  167 

2  202 

168 

5  071 

86  061 

288 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXIII.  —  Grand  groups  of  occupations  —  Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO  —  Continued. 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
painful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Arecibo  

12,681 

6,278 

702 

544 

48 

560 

5,549 

Barceloneta                    

2,617 

1,010 

104 

70 

7 

212 

1,214 

4,724 

2,313 

89 

40 

10 

158 

2,114 

Ciales"              

6,863 

3,396 

160 

158 

11 

106 

3,032 

Hatillo           

4,205 

1,934 

82 

51 

11 

49 

2,078 

Maiiali          

3,876 

1,193 

171 

210 

18 

424 

1,860 

Morovis  

4,578 

1,967 

114 

72 

9 

106 

2,  310 

Quebradillas           

3,183 

1,384 

93 

114 

10 

110 

1.472 

Utuado              

18,527 

9,265 

386 

394 

21 

421 

8,040 

The  department. 

61,254 

27,740 

1,901 

1,653 

145 

2,146 

27.669 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Arecibo                 

12,772 

44 

3 

179 

5 

509 

12,032 

Barceloneta  

2,638 

1 

12 

3 

73 

2,549 

Camuy 

5,023 

iy 

3 

73 

1 

343 

4,586 

Ciales                     .              

7,079 

35 

1 

115 

2 

515 

6,411 

Hatillo                    .           

4,385 

29 

3 

3 

2 

137 

4,211 

Manati  

4,079 

16 

6 

68 

4 

378 

3,618 

Morovis  

4,619 

5 

2 

1 

1 

59 

4,551 

Quebradillas                 

3,428 

4 

7 

35 

3 

113 

3,266 

Utuado  

18,324 

43 

'     240 

73 

2 

798 

17,168 

The  department  

62,347 

192 

266 

549 

23 

2,925 

58,392 

FOREIGN  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Arecibo  

417 

84 

146 

27 

18 

36 

106 

Barceloneta 

66 

13 

11 

4 

1 

11 

26 

Camuy       

154 

36 

= 

4 

43 

60 

Ciales  

148 

53 

34 

6 

1 

33 

21 

Hatillo  

131 

47 

6 

2 

31 

46 

Manati 

140 

19 

52 

16 

6 

15 

32 

Morovis                            

39 

12 

12 

2 

1 

4 

g 

Quebradillas  

66 

13 

3 

1 

1 

11 

27 

Utuado  

307 

124 

59 

13 

8 

62 

41 

The  department  

1  458 

401 

329 

76 

40 

246 

366 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Arecibo  

323 

84 

145 

27 

15 

36 

16 

Barceloneta.  

49 

13 

11 

4 

1 

11 

9 

Camuv  

90 

35 

6 

4 

•> 

(2 

1 

Ciales  

131 

53 

34 

6 

1 

3-) 

5 

Hatillo  

80 

43 

6 

2 

% 

3 

Manati  

112 

19 

52 

16 

6 

13 

6 

Morovis  

35 

12 

12 

2 

1 

4 

4 

Quebradillas  

30 

13 

3 

1 

1 

11 

1 

Utuado  

271 

124 

59 

13 

8 

59 

g 

The  department. 

1  121 

396 

328 

75 

35 

234 

53 

OCCUPATIONS. 


289 


TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupations — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OK  ARECIBO — Continued. 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining- 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
grainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Arecibo.. 

94. 

1 

3 

90 

Barceloneta  

17 

17 

Camuy  

64 

j 

1 

2 

1 

59 

Ciales          

17 

1 

16 

Hatillo  

51 

4 

5 

42 

Manati 

28 

2 

26 

Morovis  

4 

4 

Quebradillas  

26 

26 

Utuado  

36 

3 

33 

The  department 

337 

5 

1 

1 

5 

12 

313 

COLORED,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Arecibo  

11,  (HO 

2,190 

166 

430 

4 

1  088 

7  162 

Barceloneta  

4,036 

951 

22 

47 

299 

2  717 

Camuv  

986 

239 

1 

10 

1 

74 

661 

Ciales  

4,025 

1,102 

16 

70 

1 

2% 

2  540 

Hatillo  .  . 

1  728 

465 

10 

g 

59 

1  185 

Manati  

5,894 

1  030 

89 

259 

5 

698 

3  813 

Morovis  

2,073 

447 

19 

19 

67 

1  521 

Quebradillas  

765 

183 

5 

21 

38 

518 

Utuado  

6,702 

1  637 

75 

141 

2 

522 

4  325 

The  department. 

37  249 

8  "M4 

403 

1  006 

13 

3  141 

24  442 

COLORED  MALES. 


Arecibo  5,399 

2  180 

166 

347 

3 

465 

2  238 

Barceloneta  2,  058 

947 

21 

41 

103 

946 

Caimiv  457 

236 

1 

8 

1 

16 

195 

Ciales  '        2  080 

1  097 

15 

48 

i 

69 

857 

Hatillo  879 

458 

10 

9 

4 

398 

Manati  !       2,  876 

1,017 

87 

228 

5 

298 

1  241 

Morovis  !        1  059 

445 

19 

19 

45 

531 

Quebradillas  '           366 

183 

4 

15 



3 

161 

Utuado  3  352 

1  632 

60 

124 

2 

152 

1  392 

The  department  18,526 

8  195 

373 

839 

12 

1  148 

7  959 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Arecibo  

5  641 

10 

83 

1 

623 

4  924 

Barceloneta  

1,978 

4 

1 

6 

1% 

1  771 

Camuy  

529 

3 

2 

58 

466 

Ciales  

1  945 

5 

1 

22 

234 

1  683 

Hatillo  

849 

7 

55 

787 

Manati  

3,018 

13 

2 

31 

400 

2  572 

Morovis  

1,014 

2 

22 

990 

Quebradillas  

399 

j 

6 

35 

357 

U  tuado  

3  350 

5 

25 

17 

370 

2  933 

The  department  .  .  . 

18  723 

49 

30 

167 

I 

1  993 

16  483 

8490—00 19 


290  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupations — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 
TOTAL  POPULATION,  BOTH  SEXES. 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Bavamon                     

19,940 

3,627 

470 

615 

46 

1  273 

13  909 

Carolina         

11,965 

2,553 

189 

213 

18 

974 

8  018 

Corozal   

11,508 

2,686 

50 

66 

12 

344 

8  350 

Dorado  

3,804 

617 

55 

68 

10 

216 

2  838 

Loiza  

12,522 

2,589 

122 

153 

10 

797 

8  851 

Naranjito 

8,101 

2,045 

35 

44 

13 

352 

5  612 

Rio  Grande                 

12,365 

2,700 

133 

167 

19 

709 

8  637 

Rio  Piedras  

13,760 

2,562 

300 

280 

32 

955 

9  631 

gan  Juan  

32,048 

198 

2,710 

3,304 

428 

7,387 

18  021 

Toa  Aha.  

7,908 

1,734 

125 

266 

10 

7% 

4  977 

Toa  Baja  

4,030 

764 

93 

79 

10 

259 

2  825 

Trujillo  Alto                '... 

5,683 

1,000 

62 

34 

9 

369 

4  209 

Vega  Alta  

6,107 

1,254 

83 

69 

5 

301 

4  395 

Vega  Baja  

10,305 

1,935 

187 

165 

16 

1,051 

6  951 

The  department  

160,046 

26,264 

4,614 

5,523 

638 

15,783 

107,224 

TOTAL  MALES. 


Bayamon  

9,722 

3,615 

464 

518 

39 

533 

4  553 

Carolina                 

5,915 

2,525 

187 

187 

15 

250 

2  751 

Corozal  

5,574 

2,661 

50 

58 

10 

192 

2  603 

Dorado  

1,882 

617 

55 

63 

6 

155 

986 

Loiza  

6,287 

2,579 

122 

90 

7 

463 

3  026 

Naranjito  

4,026 

2,033 

35 

37 

11 

143 

1  767 

Rio  Grande  

6,110 

2,674 

132 

83 

16 

254 

2  951 

Rio  Piedras 

6,688 

2,553 

290 

247 

24 

524 

3  050 

San  Juan     . 

15,100 

195 

2,667 

2,659 

370 

4  045 

5  164 

Toa  Alta  

3,963 

1,720 

124 

131 

9 

95 

1  884 

Toa  Baja  

2,038 

764 

92 

74 

7 

206 

895 

Trujillo  Alto 

2,821 

987 

57 

30 

7 

229 

1  511 

Vega  Alta  

3,011 

1,236 

83 

62 

4 

212 

1,414 

Vega  Baja  

5,092 

1,933 

186 

134 

13 

618 

2  208 

The  department  

78,229 

26,092 

4,544 

4,373 

538 

7  919 

34  763 

TOTAL  FEMALES. 


Bavamon  

10,  218 

12 

6 

97 

7 

740 

9  356 

Carolina  

6,050 

28 

2 

26 

3 

724 

5  267 

Corozal      ...        ... 

5  934 

25 

g 

2 

152 

5  747 

Dorado  

1,922 

5 

4 

61 

1,852 

Loiza  

6,235 

10 

63 

3 

334 

5  825 

Naranjito  

4,075 

12 

7 

2 

209 

3  845 

Rio  Grande  

6,255 

26 

1 

84 

3 

455 

5,686 

Rio  Piedras 

7  072 

9 

10 

33 

8 

431 

6  581 

San  Juan  . 

16  948 

3 

43 

645 

58 

3  342 

12  857 

Toa  Alta  

3,945 

14 

1 

135 

1 

701 

3  093 

Toa  Baja  

1,992 

1 

5 

3 

53 

1,930 

Trujillo  Alto  

2,862 

13 

5 

4 

2 

140 

2,698 

Vega  Alta  

3,0% 

18 

7 

1 

89 

2,981 

Vega  Baja  

6,213 

2 

1 

31 

3 

433 

4,743 

The  department  

81,817 

172 

70 

1,150 

100 

7,864 

72,  461 

OCCUPATIONS. 


291 


TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupations — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON — Continued. 

NATIVE  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Bavamon  

9,866 

1,783 

224 

260 

29 

479 

7,091 

Carolina.    .           

4,578 

888 

112 

48 

12 

154 

3,364 

Corozal  

7,286 

1,647 

26 

46 

8 

234 

5,325 

Dorado      ...             

1,019 

160 

37 

34 

5 

43 

740 

Loiza  

5,487 

1,017 

62 

57 

9 

306 

4,036 

Naranjito 

6,308 

1,566 

25 

26 

12 

230 

4,449 

Rio  Grande  

4,903 

941 

78 

69 

14 

335 

3,466 

Rio  Piedras 

4  993 

819 

162 

97 

20 

285 

3,610 

San  Juan  

12  391 

66 

985 

883 

216 

1,816 

8,425 

Toa  Alta  

4,987 

1,054 

99 

200 

10 

470 

3,154 

Toa  Baja 

912 

153 

47 

30 

7 

26 

649 

Trujillo  Alto    . 

2,898 

558 

44 

17 

8 

150 

2,121 

Vega  Alta  

2,527 

465 

46 

20 

3 

120 

1,873 

Vega  Baja  

6,055 

1,122 

130 

103 

13 

465 

4,222 

The  department  

74.210 

12,  239 

2,077 

1,890 

366 

5,113 

52,525 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Bavamon  .  . 

4,778 

1,775 

220 

198 

22 

232 

2,331 

Carolina  

2,310 

881 

112 

44 

9 

92 

1,172 

Corozal                                        ' 

3  533 

1,630 

26 

38 

6 

176 

1,657 

Dorado  

500 

160 

37 

31 

2 

35 

235 

Loiza 

2  798 

1  Oil 

62 

32 

6 

235 

1,452 

Naranjito 

3,148 

1,555 

25 

20 

10 

108 

1,430 

Rio  Grande  

2,387 

922 

78 

27 

12 

227 

1,121 

Rio  Piedras  

2,388 

818 

159 

81 

17 

192 

1,121 

San  Juan 

5  541 

66 

976 

622 

183 

1,276 

2,418 

Toa  Alta  

2,451 

1,048 

98 

95 

9 

71 

1,130 

Toa  Baja  

445 

153 

46 

26 

5 

18 

197 

Truiillo  Alto 

1  459 

550 

40 

14 

6 

109 

740 

Vega  Alta  

1,241 

455 

46 

20 

2 

112 

606 

Vega  Baja  

2,922 

1,121 

129 

80 

11 

288 

1,293 

The  department  

35,901 

12,  145 

2,054 

1,328 

300 

3,171 

16,903 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Bavamon  

5,088 

8 

4 

62 

7 

247 

4  760 

Carolina.  .  . 

2  268 

7 

4 

3 

62 

2  192 

Corozal  

3,753 

17 

8 

2 

58 

3  668 

Dorado  

519 

3 

3 

8 

505 

Loiza.    ... 

2  689 

6 

25 

3 

71 

2  584 

Naranjito  

3,160 

11 

6 

2 

122 

3  019 

Rio  Grande  

2,516 

19 

42 

2 

108 

2  345 

Rio  Piedras 

2,605 

1 

3 

16 

3 

93 

2  489 

San  Juan  

6,860 

9 

261 

33 

540 

6  007 

Toa  Alta  

2,536 

6 

1 

105 

1 

399 

2,024 

Toa  Baja  

467 

1 

4 

2 

g 

162 

Trujillo  Alto 

1  439 

8 

4 

3 

2 

41 

1  381 

Vega  41ta               

1,286 

10 

1 

g 

1  267 

Vega  Baja  

3,133 

1 

1 

23 

2 

177 

2  929 

The  department  

38,309 

94 

23 

562 

66 

1  942 

35  622 

292  REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupations — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMOX — Continued. 

FOREIGN  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Ba  yamon  

330 

30 

113 

24 

12 

34 

117 

Carolina  

100 

10 

33 

11 

3 

26 

17 

Corozal  

56 

19 

14 

3 

2 

9 

9 

Dorado  

41 

4 

5 

4 

7 

21 

Loiza  

57 

7 

26 

3 

1 

10 

10 

Naranjito                         .    .... 

30 

9 

6 

2 

1 

6 

6 

Rio  Grande                   

71 

15 

25 

4 

2 

12 

13 

Rio  Piedras          

231 

24 

99 

24 

24 

53 

San  Juan  

2,872 

16 

1,243 

246 

163 

380 

824 

Toa  A  1  tu 

29 

17 

6 

3 

3 

Toa  Baja                                 .  . 

47 

3 

14 

6 

2 

10 

12 

Trujillo  Alto  ..              

35 

7 

10 

2 

11 

Vega  Alta  

19 

2 

7 

1 

a 

3 

4 

Vega  Baja  

100 

25 

35 

4 

2 

8 

26 

The  department  

4,018 

188 

1,636 

333 

201 

534 

1,126 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Ba  vamon  

239 

29 

113 

24 

12 

34 

27 

Carolina  

84 

10 

33 

11 

3 

25 

2 

Corozal  

48 

19 

14 

3 

2 

9 

1 

26 

4 

5 

3 

7 

7 

Loiza  

50 

7 

26 

3 

1 

10 

3 

Naranjito 

25 

9 

6 

2 

1 

6 

1 

Rio  Grande  

60 

15 

25 

4 

2 

11 

3 

Rio  Piedras  

190 

24 

96 

24 

4 

22 

20 

San  Juan  

2,190 

16 

1,237 

238 

146 

362 

191 

Toa  Alta  

26 

17 

6 

2 

1 

Toa  Baja  

37 

3 

14 

6 

1 

10 

3 

Trujillo  Alto 

27 

7 

10 

2 

5 

3 

Vega  Alta  

16 

2 

7 

1 

2 

3 

1 

Vega  Baja  

79 

25 

35 

4 

1 

8 

6 

The  department  

3,097 

187 

1,627 

324 

178 

512 

269 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Ba  vamon 

91 

1 

90 

Carolina. 

16 

1 

15 

Corozal  

8 

8 

Dorado  

15 

1 

14 

7 

7 

Naranjito  

5 

5 

Rio  Grande. 

11 

1 

10 

Rio  Piedras.  

41 

3 

3 

2 

33 

San  Juan  

682 

6 

8 

17 

18 

633 

Toa  Alta 

3 

1 

2 

Toa  Baja 

10 

1 

9 

Trujillo  Alto. 

8 

8 

Vega  Alta  

3 

3 

Vega  Baja 

21 

1 

20 

The  department  

921 

1 

9 

9 

23 

22 

857 

OCCUPATIONS. 


293 


TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupations — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON — Continued. 

COLORED,  BOTH  SEXES. 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

t 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Bavamon  

9,744 

1,814 

133 

331 

5 

760 

6,701 

Carolina  

7,287 

1,655 

44 

154 

3 

794 

4,637 

Corozal                  

4,166 

1,020 

10 

17 

2 

101 

3,016 

Dorado  

2,744 

453 

13 

34 

1 

166 

2,077 

Loiza                        

6,978 

1,565 

34 

93 

481 

4,805 

Xaranjito  

1,763 

470 

4 

16 

116 

1,157 

Rio  Grande 

7,391 

1  744 

30 

94 

3 

362 

5,158 

Rio  Piedras       

8,536 

1,719 

39 

159 

5 

646 

5,968 

16  785 

116 

482 

2  175 

49 

5,191 

8  772 

Toa  Alta 

2,892 

663 

20 

63 

326 

1,820 

Toa  Baja                   

3,071 

608 

32 

43 

1 

223 

2,164 

Trujillo  Alto  

2,750 

435 

8 

15 

1 

214 

2,077 

Vega  Alta 

3,561 

787 

30 

48 

178 

2,518 

Vega  Baja  

4,150 

788 

22 

58 

1 

578 

2,703 

The  department  

81,  818 

13,837 

901 

3,300 

71 

10.136 

53,573 

COLORED  MALES. 


Bavamon  

4,705 

1,811 

131 

2% 

5 

267 

2  195 

Carolina 

3  521 

1  634 

42 

132 

'3 

133 

1  577 

Corozal  

1,993 

1,012 

10 

17 

2 

7 

945 

Dorado 

1  356 

463 

13 

32 

1 

113 

744 

Loiza  

3,439 

1  561 

34 

55 

218 

1  571 

Naranjito  

853 

469 

4 

15 

29 

336 

Rio  Grande 

3,663 

1  737 

29 

52 

2 

16 

1  827 

Rio  Piedras 

4,110 

1,711 

35 

142 

3 

310 

1  909 

San  Juan  

7,369 

113 

454 

1,799 

41 

2,407 

2  555 

Toa  Alta  

1,486 

655 

20 

34 

24 

753 

Toa  Baja  .     . 

1,556 

608 

32 

42 

1 

178 

695 

Trujillo  Alto 

1  335 

430 

7 

14 

1 

115 

768 

Vega  Alta  

1,754 

779 

30 

41 

97 

807 

Vega  Baja  

2,091 

787 

22 

50 

1 

322 

909 

The  department  

39  231 

13  760 

863 

2  721 

60 

4  236 

17  591 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Bayamon  

5,039 

3 

2 

35 

493 

4  506 

Carolina.. 

3  766 

21 

2 

22 

661 

3  060 

Corozal  

2  173 

8 

94 

2  071 

Dorado  

1,388 

2 

53 

1  333 

Loiza  

3,539 

4^ 

38 

263 

3  234 

Naranjito  

910 

1 

1 

87 

821 

Rio  Grande.. 

3  728 

7 

1 

42 

1 

346 

3  331 

Rio  Piedras  

4,426 

8 

4 

17 

2 

336 

4  059 

San  Juan  

9,416 

3 

28 

376 

8 

2  784 

6  217 

Toa  Alta  

1,406 

8 

29 

302 

1*067 

Toa  Baja  

1,515 

1 

45 

1  469 

Trujillo  Alto  

1,415 

5 

1 

1 

99 

1  309 

Vega  Alta 

1,807 

8 

7 

81 

1  711 

Vega  Baja  

2,059 

1 

8 

256 

1  794 

The  department  

42,587 

38 

579 

11 

5  900 

35  982 

294  REPORT   ON    THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,    1899. 

TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupations — Continued. 

DEPAKTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 
TOTAL  POPULATION  BOTH  SEXES. 


District. 

• 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
.service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Aguas  Buenas  

7,977 

1,593 

182 

120 

13 

524 

.">  .vl.-> 

Arrovo  

4,867 

793 

231 

291 

14 

274 

Caguas  

19,857 

4,386 

476 

460 

44 

774 

13  717 

Cavey  .  . 

14,442 

2,870 

257 

439 

26 

1  272 

9  578 

Cidra 

7  .vv 

1  878 

94 

62 

5 

229 

5  284 

Comerio      .  * 

8,249 

1,828 

102 

111 

13 

499 

5  703 

Guayama 

12,  749 

2,147 

300 

666 

55 

1  389 

8  192 

Gurabo  .         .             

8,700 

1,813 

93 

88 

14 

425 

i;  -'h7 

Juncos  

8,429 

2,388 

142 

200 

14 

398 

6  287 

Salinas  

6,731 

1,411 

103 

181 

12 

422 

3  600 

San  Lorenzo  

13,433 

3,080 

146 

150 

10 

652 

9  395 

The  department  

111,986 

24,  187 

2  126 

2,770 

220 

(',    S.'ll 

75  832 

TOTAL  MALES. 


Aguas  Buenas  

3,868 

1,585 

178 

94 

11 

125 

1  875 

Arroyo  

2,294 

793 

231 

216 

13 

80 

961 

Caguas  

9,840 

4,350 

471 

410 

40 

274 

4  295 

Cavey  

7,103 

2,856 

254 

370 

24 

517 

3  083 

Cidra 

3,775 

1,876 

94 

61 

5 

114 

1  625 

Comerio  .              

4,129 

1,827 

101 

87 

11 

232 

1  871 

Guay&ma  

6,146 

2,137 

293 

497 

48 

711 

2  460 

Gurabo  

4,391 

1,777 

91 

83 

13 

243 

2,184 

Juncos                            

4,176 

2,214 

140 

99 

13 

68 

1  642 

Salinas                 

2,964 

1,394 

97 

107 

11 

117 

1,238 

San  Lorenzo  

6,530 

3,061 

142 

132 

9 

360 

2,826 

The  department  

55,216 

23,869 

2,092 

2,156 

198 

2  841 

24  060 

TOTAL  FEMALES. 


Aguas  Buenas  

4,109 

g 

4 

26 

2 

399 

3  670 

Arrovo                      

2,573 

75 

1 

194 

2  303 

Caguas                  

10,017 

36 

5 

50 

4 

500 

9  4'» 

Cayey    

7,339 

16 

3 

69 

2 

755 

6  495 

Cidra  

3,777 

2 

1 

115 

3,659 

Comerio  

4,120 

1 

1 

24 

2 

260 

3,832 

Guayama  

6,603 

10 

7 

169 

678 

5,732 

Gurabo  

4,309 

36 

2 

5 

i 

182 

4,083 

Juncos  

4,253 

174 

2 

101 

1 

330 

3,645 

Salinas  

2,767 

17 

6 

76 

1 

305 

2,362 

San  Lorenzo  

6,903 

19 

4 

18 

1 

292 

6,569 

The  department 

56,770 

318 

34 

614 

22 

4  010 

51  772 

NATIVE  WHITE.  BOTH  SEXES. 


Aguas  Buenas  

3,325 

645 

86 

60 

12 

163 

2,359 

Arroyo  . 

1,286 

207 

90 

52 

9 

50 

N7S 

Caguas     

8,902 

1,854 

289 

220 

29 

226 

li.'.N  I 

Cavey  

9,142 

1,921 

in 

215 

18 

520 

1,.  '.".IT 

Cidra  

6,557 

1,608 

76 

50 

176 

4,643 

Comerio  

5,140 

1,150 

68 

61 

12 

240 

3,609 

Guayama  

6,339 

1,085 

184 

288 

43 

499 

4,240 

Gurabo  .              .           

2,510 

544 

40 

24 

12 

62 

1,828 

Juncos  

6,579 

1,545 

98 

137 

13 

210 

3,576 

Salinas  

2,087 

521 

58 

75 

6 

101 

1,326 

San  Lorenzo  .           

5,174 

1,158 

97 

67 

8 

176 

3,668 

Thp  department       

56,041 

12,  238 

1,257 

1,249 

166 

2,423 

38,708 

OCCUPATIONS. 


295 


TABLE  XXIII.— (Jmiul  groups  of  occupations — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA — Continued. 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Aguax  Buenas  

1,602 

644 

84 

45 

10 

59 

760 

A  rro  vo                       

608 

207 

90 

30 

8 

24 

249 

Caguas                    

4,413 

1,838 

287 

181 

26 

149 

1,932 

Cayey  

4,455 

1,913 

169 

165 

17 

196 

1,995 

Cidra                        

3,250 

1,606 

76 

49 

4 

96 

1,419 

Comerio   

•2,561 

1,150 

67 

45 

11 

140 

1,148 

3,102 

1,076 

182 

182 

38 

322 

1,302 

Gurabo  

1,281 

528 

40 

21 

11 

52 

629 

Juncos 

2  754 

1  422 

97 

57 

12 

39 

1,127 

Salinas 

1,093 

519 

58 

33 

5 

43 

435 

San  Lorenzo  

2,500 

1,149 

97 

53 

8 

126 

1,067 

The  department  

27,  619 

12,052 

1,247 

861 

150 

1,246 

12,063 

NATIVE  WHITE   FEMALES. 


Aguas  Buenas  

1,723 

1 

2 

15 

2 

104 

1,599 

Arroyo 

678 

22 

1 

26 

629 

Caguas  

4,489 

16 

2 

39 

3 

77 

4,352 

Ca  vey  

4,687 

8 

2 

50 

1 

324 

4,302 

Cidra 

3,307 

2 

1 

80 

3,224 

Comerio  ..        

2,579 

1 

16 

1 

100 

2,461 

Guavama 

3,237 

9 

2 

106 

5 

177 

2,938 

Gurabo   .'       

1,229 

16 

3 

1 

10 

1,199 

Juncos  

2,825 

123 

1 

80 

1 

171 

2,449 

Salinas 

994 

2 

42 

1 

58 

891 

San  Lorenzo 

2,674 

9 

14 

50 

2,601 

The  department 

28,422 

186 

10 

388 

16 

1,177 

26  645 

FOREIGN  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Aguas  Buenas  

36 

15 

8 

3 

1 

2 

7 

Arroyo  

59 

7 

21 

3 

3 

25 

Caguas  

163 

37 

53 

14 

9 

12 

38 

Cayev  

116 

22 

35 

23 

7 

17 

12 

Cidra  

32 

11 

10 

1 

1 

6 

3 

Comerio  

27 

8 

10 

2 

1 

4 

2 

Guavama  

138 

11 

57 

19 

g 

12 

31 

Gurabo  

25 

9 

7 

1 

1 

3 

4 

Juncos  .  . 

53 

13 

26 

7 

3 

4 

Salinas  

59 

8 

16 

8 

6 

g 

13 

San  Lorenzo  

56 

8 

20 

4 

2 

6 

16 

The  department  

764 

149 

263 

85 

39 

73 

155 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Aguas  Buenas  

32 

15 

8 

3 

1 

2 

, 

Arroyo  

43 

7 

21 

3 

3 

9 

Caguas  

136 

37 

53 

14 

9 

10 

13 

Cavey  

104 

22 

35 

22 

6 

17 

2 

Cidra  

30 

11 

10 

1 

1 

6 

1 

Comerio  

24 

8 

10 

2 

4 

Guayama  

115 

11 

57 

19 

6 

12 

10 

Gurabo  

23 

9 

7 

1 

1 

3 

2 

Juncos  

50 

13 

26 

6 

3 

2 

Salinas  ... 

50 

8 

16 

8 

6 

8 

4 

San  Lorenzo  

46 

8 

20 

4 

1 

6 

7 

The  department  

653 

149 

981 

83 

34 

71 

53 

REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupations — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA — Continued. 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


District. 

Totai. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining, 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Proses- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Aguas  Buenas  

4 

4 

Arroyo 

16 

16 

Caguas                     

27 

2 

25 

Cavev 

12 

1 

1 

10 

Cidra  

2 

2 

Comerio  

3 

1 

2 

Guayama 

23 

2 

21 

Gurabo 

2 

2 

Juncos  .           

3 

1 

2 

Salinas  

9 

9 

San  Lorenzo  

10 

1 

9 

The  department.. 

111 

2 

2 

102 

COLORED,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Aguas  Buenas  

4,616 

933 

88 

57 

359 

3,179 

Arroyo  

3,522 

679 

120 

236 

2 

224 

2,361 

Caguas  

10,792 

2,495 

134 

226 

6 

536 

7,  395 

Cayey  . 

5,184 

927 

51 

201 

1 

735 

3,  269 

Cidra  

963 

259 

8 

11 

47 

638 

Comerio  

3,082 

670 

24 

48 

248 

2,092 

Guayama 

6,272 

1,051 

'    59 

359 

4 

878 

3,921 

Gurabo  ..           

6,165 

1,260 

46 

63 

1 

360 

4,  4a5 

Juncos  

2,797 

830 

18 

56 

1 

185 

1,707 

Salinas 

3,585 

882 

29 

100 

313 

2,  261 

San  Lorenzo..  .        

8,203 

1,914 

29 

79 

470 

5,711 

The  department  

65,  181 

11,800 

606 

1,436 

15 

4,355 

36,  969 

COLORED  MALES. 


Aguas  Buenas  

2,234 

926 

86 

46 

64 

1,112 

Arroyo  .... 

1,643 

579 

120 

183 

2 

56 

703 

Caguas  

5,291 

2,476 

131 

215 

5 

115 

2  350 

Cayey  .. 

2,544 

920 

50 

183 

1 

304 

1,086 

Cidra  

495 

269 

8 

11 

12 

205 

Comerio 

1,544 

669 

24 

40 

88 

723 

Guavama  

2,929 

1,050 

54 

2% 

4 

377 

1,148 

Gurabo  

3,087 

1,240 

44 

61 

1 

188 

1,553 

Juncos  

1,372 

779 

17 

36 

1 

26 

513 

Salinas 

1  821 

867 

23 

66 

66 

799 

San  Lorenzo 

3,984 

1,904 

25 

75 

:::::::::: 

228 

1,762 

The  department  

26,944 

11,668 

582 

1,212 

14 

1,524 

11,944 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Aguas  Buenas  

2,382 

7 

2 

11 

295 

2,067 

Arroyo  

1,879 

53 

168 

1,658 

Caguas  .... 

6,501 

20 

3 

11 

1 

421 

6,045 

Cayey  .  .  , 

2,640 

7 

1 

18 

431 

2,183 

Cidra  

468 

35 

433 

Comerio  

1,538 

1 

8 

160 

1,369 

Guayama  

3,343 

1 

B 

63 

501 

2,773 

Gurabo  

3,078 

20 

2 

2 

172 

2,882 

Juncos  

1,425 

51 

1 

20 

159 

1,194 

Salinas  

1,764 

16 

6 

34 

247 

1,462 

San  Lorenzo  

4,219 

10 

4 

4 

242 

3,  959 

The  department  

28  237 

132 

24 

224 

1 

9  831 

25  025 

OCCUPATIONS. 


297 


TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupation* — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 

TOTAL  POPULATION,  BOTH  SEXES. 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Fajardo                

16,782 

3,634 

290 

405 

51 

1,180 

11,222 

Humaoao  

14,313 

2,973 

364 

400 

46 

572 

9,958 

Maunabo                     

6,221 

1,232 

86 

107 

11 

377 

4,408 

Naguabo               

10,873 

2,417 

343 

142 

14 

671 

7,286 

Patillas  

11,163 

2,323 

256 

121 

8 

785 

7,671 

Piedras                          

8,602 

1,958 

174 

103 

10 

429 

5,928 

Vieques  

6,642 

1,396 

225 

253 

39 

727 

4,002 

13,905 

3,562 

249 

265 

19 

599 

9,211 

The  department 

88  501 

19,495 

1,986 

1,796 

198 

5,340 

59.686 

TOTAL  MALES. 


Fajardo  

8,129 

3,609 

276 

312 

46 

154 

3,732 

Humacao 

7,099 

2,951 

358 

378 

39 

207 

3,166 

Maunabo   

3,106 

1,217 

85 

97 

9 

214 

1,484 

Naguabo  

5,388 

2,416 

328 

115 

14 

140 

2,375 

Patillas 

5,589 

2,312 

250 

107 

7 

378 

2,535 

Piedras  

4,283 

1,956 

173 

72 

9 

113 

1,960 

Vieques  

3,407 

1,393 

199 

175 

32 

312 

1,296 

Yabucoa 

6,983 

3,490 

245 

228 

16 

283 

2,721 

The  department  

43984 

19,344 

1,914 

1,484 

172 

1,801 

19,269 

TOTAL  FEMALES. 


Fajardo  

8,653 

25 

14 

93 

5 

1,026 

7,490 

FTiimaf^o  

7,214 

22 

6 

22 

7 

365 

6,792 

Maunabo  

3,115 

15 

1 

10 

2 

163 

2,924 

Naguabo  ... 

5,485 

1 

15 

27 

531 

4  911 

Patillas  

5,574 

11 

5 

14 

1 

407 

6,136 

Piedras  .... 

4,319 

2 

1 

31 

1 

316 

3  968 

Vieques  

3,235 

3 

26 

78 

7 

415 

2,706 

Yabucoa  . 

6,922 

72 

4 

37 

3 

316 

6  490 

The  department  

44,517 

151 

72 

312 

26 

3,539 

40,417 

NATIVE  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Fajardo  9,  880 

2,118 

215 

228 

33 

603            6  683 

Humacao                                              5  964 

1  080 

215 

164 

35 

164            4  306 

Maunabo  1,  717 

327 

69 

32 

9 

70  1          1  210 

Xaguabo  '  6,  585 

1,416 

212 

70 

q 

316            4  562 

Patillas           5  334 

1  111 

142 

48 

6 

245            3  782 

Piedras  3,881 

862 

88 

51 

10 

159            2,711 

457 

105 

74 

24 

202  I          1  683 

Yabucoa          4,  340 

968 

158 

77 

14 

198  j          2*925 

The  department                      40  246 

8  339 

1  204 

7<*4 

140 

1  957          27  862 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Fajardo  

4,793 

2,100 

210 

163 

31 

95 

2  194 

Humacao 

2  924 

1  070 

211 

151 

29 

85 

1  378 

Maunabo  

867 

325 

68 

29 

7 

47 

391 

Naguabo 

3  220 

1  415 

206 

51 

9 

75 

1  464 

Patillas  

2  692 

1  104 

141 

38 

5 

143 

1  261 

Piedras  

1,954 

862 

88 

29 

9 

67 

899 

Vieques  

1  252 

454 

102 

37 

20 

125 

514 

Yabucoa  

2,144 

945 

156 

62 

12 

165 

804 

The  department.  .  . 

19  846 

8  275 

1  18° 

560 

12*> 

802 

8  905 

298 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupations — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OP  HUMACAO — Continued. 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Fajardo  

5,087 

18 

5 

65 

2 

508 

4,489 

Humacao  ,,  

3.040 

10 

4 

13 

6 

79 

2,928 

Maunabo                                

850 

2 

1 

3 

2 

23 

819 

\aguabo            

3,365 

1 

6 

19 

241 

3  098 

Patillas  

2,642 

7 

1 

10 

1 

102 

2  521 

Piedras  

1,927 

22 

1 

92 

1,812 

Vieques 

1,293 

3 

3 

37 

4 

77 

1  169 

Yabucoa 

2,1% 

23 

2 

15 

2 

33 

2  121 

The  department 

20  400 

64 

22 

184 

18 

1  156 

18  957 

FOREIGN  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Fajardo  .  .  

108 

18 

39 

6 

9 

8 

33 

Humacao 

146 

10 

64 

13 

8 

10 

41 

Maunabo                       

20 

6 

7 

1 

2 

3 

1 

Naguabo  

45 

15 

12 

4 

4 

10 

Patillas  

33 

6 

15 

1 

1 

10 

Piedras  

23 

6 

6 

2 

6 

3 

Vieques  

138 

8 

38 

10 

7 

22 

53 

Yabucoa  .           

46 

7 

17 

5 

3 

2 

12 

The  department. 

559 

71 

1'IS 

38 

33 

56 

163 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Fajardo  

83 

13 

38 

6 

7 

7 

12 

Humacao  

125 

10 

64 

13 

7 

10 

21 

Maunabo                     

19 

G 

7 

1 

2 

3 

Naguabo  

36 

15 

12 

4 

3 

2 

Patillas  

29 

6 

15 

1 

1 

6 

Piedras  

22 

6 

6 

2 

6 

2 

Vieques  .... 

96 

8 

38 

7 

7 

21 

15 

Yabucoa  

39 

7 

17 

5 

3 

2 

6 

The  department 

449 

71 

197 

35 

30 

53 

63 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Fajardo  

25 

1 

2 

1 

21 

Humacao  

21 

1 

20 

Maunabo  

1 

1 

Naguabo  

9 

1 

g 

Patillas  

4 

4 

Piedras  

1 

1 

Vieques  

42 

3 

1 

38 

Yabucoa  

7 

7 

The  department  

110 

1 

3 

3 

3 

100 

OCCUPATIONS. 


299 


TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupation* — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO — Continued. 

COLORED.  BOTH  SEXES. 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Fajardo  ...              

6,794 

1,503 

36 

171 

9 

569 

4,506 

8,203 

1  883 

85 

223 

3 

398 

6,611 

Msuinabo                      

4,484 

899 

10 

74 

304 

3,197 

Naguabo  

4,243 

986 

119 

72 

1 

351 

2,714 

Patillas 

5,796 

1  206 

98 

72 

2 

539 

3,879 

Piedras  .   . 

4,698 

1,090 

80 

50 

264 

3,214 

;;  <».vi 

931 

82 

169 

8 

503 

2,266 

Yabucoa  .  . 

9,519 

2,587 

74 

183 

2 

399 

6,274 

The  department 

47  6% 

11  085 

584 

1,014 

25 

3,327 

31,661 

COLORED  MALES. 


Fajardo  

3,253 

1,496 

28 

143 

8 

52 

1,526 

Humacao. 

4,050 

1,871 

83 

214 

3 

112 

1,767 

Maunabo  

2,220 

886 

10 

67 

164 

1,093 

Naguabo  

2,132 

986 

110 

64 

1 

62 

909 

Patillas 

2,868 

1,202 

94 

68 

2 

234 

1,268 

Piedras  

2,307 

1,088 

79 

41 

40 

1,059 

Vieques  

2,059 

931 

59 

131 

5 

166 

767 

Yabucoa    ... 

4,800 

2,538 

72 

161 

1 

116 

1,912 

The  department. 

23,689 

10,998 

:>:::. 

889 

20 

M0 

10,301 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Fajardo  

3,541 

tj 

8 

28 

1 

517 

2,980 

Humacao  

4,153 

12 

2 

9 

286 

3,844 

Maunabo  

2,264 

13 

7 

140 

2,104 

Naguabo  

2,111 

9 

8 

289 

1,805 

Patillas... 

2,928 

4 

4 

4 

305 

2,611 

Piedras  

2,391 

2 

1 

9 

224 

2,155 

Vieques  . 

1,900 

23 

38 

3 

337 

1,499 

Yabucoa  

4,719 

49 

2 

22 

1 

283 

4,362 

The  department  

24,007 

87 

49 

125 

5 

2,381 

21,360 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 

TOTAL  POPULATION,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Afiasco  

13,  311 

2,823 

266 

415 

28 

866 

8,918 

Cabo  Rojo  . 

16,154 

3,494 

1  277 

1  047 

36 

770 

9,530 

Hormigueros  

3,215 

597 

35 

61 

3 

283 

2,236 

Lajas  

8,789 

2,242 

119 

67 

g 

254 

6,098 

11,279 

2,835 

111 

92 

15 

564 

7,662 

Maricao  

8,312 

2,193 

109 

127 

10 

360 

5,513 

Mavaguez  

35,700 

5,287 

2,110 

2,179 

194 

3,431 

22,499 

Cit  i/  of  Mciyaguez 

15,  IS! 

555 

1,668 

1,685 

165 

I  iii  in 

8,51,7 

Sabana  Grande  

10,560 

2,465 

241 

147 

13 

453 

7,241 

San  German  

20,246 

4,544 

699 

421 

51 

1,350 

13,  181 

The  department  

127.566 

26,480 

4,967 

4,556 

354 

8,331 

82,878 

300 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupations — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ — Continued. 

TOTAL  MALES. 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes-    Do™»tic 

sel°vicae     Per-nal 
;  service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Afiasco  

6,551 

2,811 

245 

242 

17              315 

2,921 

Cabo  Rojo                        

8,015 

3,470 

597 

376 

31              145 

3  3% 

Honnigueros              

1,602 

597 

35 

53 

3             251 

663 

4,382 

2,225 

119 

66 

8               99 

1,865 

Las  Marias  

5,692 

2,817 

108 

83 

12              16h 

2,504 

Maricao  

4,220 

2,163 

108 

122 

10              158 

1,659 

17,049 

5,176 

2,080 

1  711 

162              99 

6  925 

City  of  Mayafftiez  . 

6,765 

459 

1,635 

1,30!, 

J.W              808 

2  ',.11 

Sabana  Grande  

5,291 

2,432 

237 

112 

11              138 

2  361 

San  German  

9,948 

4,435 

654 

387 

44              516 

3,912 

The  department 

62,750 

26,  126 

4,183 

3  152 

298          2  785 

26  206 

TOTAL  FEMALES. 


Afiasco  

6,760 

12 

21 

173 

6 

551 

5,997 

Cabo  Rojo  

8,139 

24 

680 

671 

5 

625 

6,134 

Hormigueros 

1,613 

8 

32 

1  .">7o 

Lajas 

4,407 

17 

1 

1 

155 

4  233 

Las  Marias        ...           

5,587 

18 

3 

9 

3 

3% 

5  158 

Maricao  

4,092 

30 

1 

5 

202 

3  854 

Mavaguez  

18,651 

111 

30 

468 

32 

2,436 

15,  574 

OUy  of  Mayaguez 

8,622 

74" 

S3 

581 

27 

1,801 

6  116 

Sabana  Grande  

5,269 

33 

4 

35 

2 

315 

4  880 

San  German  

10,298 

109 

45 

34 

834 

9,269 

The  department  

64,816 

354 

784 

1.404 

56 

5,  546 

56  672 

NATIVE  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Anasco  

10,499 

2,297 

215 

288 

18 

503 

7  178 

Cabo  Rojo  

12,864 

2,716 

1,056 

866 

29 

468 

7.729 

Hormigueros 

1,894 

372 

25 

36 

2 

157 

1  302 

Lajas 

6,709 

1,662 

105 

51 

8 

163 

1  7-'() 

Las  Marias  

8,771 

2,183 

82 

60 

12 

392 

6  042 

Maricao  

5,744 

1,510 

75 

68 

215 

3  869 

Mavaguez  

22,176 

3,525 

1,382 

1,010 

122 

1,482 

1  1  tiVS 

City  of  Mayaffuez 

8,554 

285 

/  020 

758 

97 

1  067 

5  129 

Sabana  Grande  ... 

3,036 

679 

114 

52 

11 

89 

2  091 

San  German  

8,871 

1,944 

381 

137 

42 

340 

6  027 

The  department 

80  564 

16  888 

3  435 

2,568 

251 

I',  N.19 

i»3  613 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Anasco  

5,  172 

2,286 

195 

150 

14 

195 

2,332 

Cabo  Rojo  ...                  

6,348 

2,697 

487 

279 

25 

114 

2,746 

Honnigueros  

969 

372 

25 

28 

2 

146 

396 

Lajas  

3,348 

1,648 

105 

50 

7 

72 

1,466 

Las  Marias 

4,388 

2,  170 

81 

f>3 

9 

125 

1  950 

Maricao 

2,898 

1,491 

75 

65 

7 

104 

1,156 

Mavaguez  .                     

10,  719 

3,460 

1,371 

736 

103 

514 

4,535 

City  of  Mn  t/n<iin  :  

5,775 

245 

1,012 

524 

82 

448 

J.4S4 

Sabana  Grande  

1,509 

(177 

113 

46 

10 

44 

619 

San  German  .             

4,274 

1,883 

366 

119 

37 

189 

1,680 

The  department  

39,625 

16,684 

2,818 

1,526 

214 

1,503 

16,880 

OCCUPATIONS. 


301 


TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupations — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ — Continued. 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


District.                     ,    Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Afiasco  

5,327 
6,516 
925 
3,361 
4,383 
2,846 
11,457 
4,567 
1,527 
4,597 

11 
19 

20 
569 

138 
587 
8 
1 
7 
3 
274 

tiu 

6 

18 

4 
4 

308 
354 
11 
91 
267 
111 
968 
619 
45 
151 

4,846 
4,983 
906 
3,254 
4,092 
2,713 
10,120 
3,665 
1,472 
4,347 

Cabo  Rojo  

Hormigueros  

Lajas           .         

14 
13 

19 
65 
40 
2 
61 

1 
3 

Las  Marias  

1 

Maricao 

Mavaguez  

11 
8 
1 
15 

19 
15 
1 
5 

City  of  Mayaguez  

Sabana  Grande 

San  German  

The  department  . 

40,939  :           204 

617 

1,042 

37 

2,306 

36,733 

FOREIGN  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Afiasco  

56 

13 

19 

5 

5 

6 

8 

Cabo  Rojo  

58 

17 

14 

5 

5 

2 

15 

Hormigiiems 

23 

6 

3 

1 

7 

6 

Lajas  

33 

20 

1 

3 

1 

2 

6 

Las  Marias  

106 

36 

17 

4 

3 

18 

28 

Maricao  . 

162 

59 

24 

10 

2 

26 

41 

Mavaguez  

897 

63 

336 

87 

49 

74 

288 

754 

18 

SOS 

76 

47 

56 

tu 

Sabana  Grande  

32 

17 

6 

2 

2 

1 

4 

San  German  

113 

34 

23 

11 

6 

6 

33 

The  department  

1,480 

265 

443 

127 

74 

142 

429 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Afiasco  

48 

13 

19 

5 

3 

6 

2 

Cabo  Rojo  

45 

17 

14 

4 

4 

2 

4 

Honnigueros  

19 

6 

3 

1 

7 

2 

Lajas  

29 

20 

1 

3 

1 

2 

2 

Las  Marias  

86 

36 

17 

4 

3 

18 

8 

Maricao 

127 

57 

24 

10 

2 

26 

g 

Mavaguez  

635 

63 

331 

84 

38 

50 

69 

City  of  Mayague: 

511 

18 

305 

75 

57 

54 

56 

Sabana  Grande  

28 

17 

6 

2 

1 

1 

1 

San  German  

82 

34 

23 

11 

4 

6 

4 

The  department  

1.099 

263 

438 

123 

57 

118 

100 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Afiasco  

8 

9 

6 

Cabo  Rojo  

13 

1 

1 

11 

Hormigueros  

4 

4 

Lajas  

4 

4 

Las  Marias  

20 

20 

Maricao  

35 

2 

33 

Mavaguez  

262 

5 

3 

11 

24 

219 

City  of  Mayoffitez 

•.;.; 

5 

s 

10 

f2 

195 

Sabana  Grande  

4 

1 

3 

San  German  

31 

2 

29 

The  deoartment.  .  . 

381 

•2 

5 

4 

17 

•u 

329 

302 


REPOET    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  Groups  of  occupations — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ — Continued. 

COLORED,  BOTH  SEXES. 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

2  756 

513 

32 

122 

357 

1,732 

Cabo  Rojo  

3,232 

761 

207 

176 

•    2 

300 

1,786 

Hormigueros           

1,298 

219 

7 

25 

119 

928 

Lajas        .        

•    2,047 

560 

13 

13 

89 

1,372 

Las  Marias  

2,402 

616 

12 

28 

154 

1,592 

Maricao  

2,406 

624 

10 

49 

i 

119 

1,603 

Mavaguez  7  

12,627 

1,699 

392 

1,082 

23 

1,875 

7,556 

City  of  Mayaguez 

6,099 

232 

320 

871 

21 

I,lt86 

3,169 

Sabana  Grande  .  .      ,  

7,492 

1,769 

121 

93 

363 

5,146 

San  German  

11,262 

2,566 

295 

273 

3 

1,004 

7,121 

The  department. 

45,522 

9,327 

3,089 

1,861 

29 

4,380 

28,836 

COLORED  MALES. 


Aflasco  

1,331 

512 

31 

87 

114 

687 

Cabo  Rojo  

1,022 

756 

96 

93 

2 

29 

646 

Hormigueros 

614 

219 

7 

25 

98 

265 

Lajas                               

1,005 

657 

13 

13 

26 

397 

Las  Marias  

1,218 

611 

10 

26 

25 

546 

Maricao       

1,195 

615 

9 

47 

1 

28 

495 

Mavaguez  

5,695 

1,653 

378 

891 

21 

431 

2,321 

2,WJ 

198 

'  S10 

707 

19 

326 

911 

3  754 

1  738 

118 

64 

93 

1  741 

San  German  

5,592 

2,518 

265 

257 

3 

321 

2,228 

The  department  

22,026 

9,179 

927 

1,503 

27 

1,164 

9,226 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Aflasco  

1,425 

1 

1 

35 

243 

1,145 

Cabo  Rojo  

1,610 

5 

111 

83 

271 

1,140 

Hormigueros  

684 

21 

663 

Lajas 

1,042 

3 

64 

976 

Las  Marias  .  1  .... 

1,184 

5 

2 

2 

129 

1  046 

Maricao  

1,211 

9 

1 

2 

91 

1,108 

Mayaguez  

6,932 

46 

14 

191 

2 

1,444 

5,235 

3  628 

Sit 

10 

16lt 

2 

1,160 

;.'    TiS 

Sabana  Grande 

3,738 

31 

3 

29 

270 

3,405 

San  German  

5,670 

48 

30 

1C 

683 

4,893 

The  department  

23,496 

148 

162 

358 

2 

3,216 

19,  610 

DEPARTMENT  OP  PONCE. 

TOTAL  POPULATION,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Adjuntas  

19,484 

4,798 

238 

172 

14 

1,107 

13,165 

Aibonito  

8,596 

2,057 

166 

203 

21 

904 

6,246 

Barranquitas  

8  103 

2,102 

62 

71 

11 

359 

5,608 

Barros  

14,845 

3,889 

89 

169 

14 

56G 

10,  128 

Coamo  

15,144 

2,827 

295 

349 

34 

853 

10,786 

Guayanilla  

9,540 

2,299 

139 

170 

16 

368 

6,648 

Juana  Diaz  

27,896 

6,926 

614 

492 

22 

748 

19,194 

Pefiuelas  

12,  129 

2,815 

263 

122 

18 

441 

8,470 

Ponce  . 

65,477 

7,953 

3,320 

4,134 

210 

6  939 

32  921 

Ctty  of  Ponce  

27,  952 

,•"..'.; 

,'.:.;; 

3,581 

183 

5,898 

15,  036 

Santa  Isabel  

4,868 

1,005 

141 

124 

6 

213 

3,369 

Yauco  

27,  119 

6,891 

680 

642 

62 

1  890 

18  064 

The  department  

203,  191 

42,662 

5,797 

6,638 

418 

14,388 

133,  388 

OCCUPATIONS. 


303 


TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupations — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE — Continued. 

TOTAL  MALES. 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Adjuntas  ... 

9  872 

4  773 

237 

147 

12 

551 

4  152 

Aibonito  

4,489 

2  054 

164 

137 

19 

384 

1  731 

Barranquitas  

4,013 

2  098 

52 

62 

10 

76 

1  715 

Barros     

7  527 

3  880 

88 

102 

13 

174 

3  270 

Coamo  

7  584 

2  824 

293 

264 

31 

377 

3  795 

Guayanilla  

4,842 

2  286 

139 

154 

14 

181 

2  068 

Juana  Diaz  

14  093 

6  895 

509 

410 

17 

197 

6  065 

Pefluelas  

6,152 

2  649 

261 

109 

14 

155 

2  964 

Ponce  

27  587 

7  933 

3  257 

2  997 

183 

3  090 

10  127 

City  of  Ponce  

IS  197 

517 

f  ffjlf 

S  558 

157 

t  750 

U  561 

Santa  Isabel  

2  494 

1  005 

135 

123 

4 

132 

1  095 

Yauco  

13  304 

~>  -:;•' 

575 

582 

43 

925 

6  347 

The  department  

101,  957 

42  229 

5  710 

5  087 

360 

6  242 

42  329 

TOTAL  FEMALES. 


Adjuntas  

9  612 

25 

1 

25 

2 

556 

9  003 

Aifionito  

4  107 

3 

2 

66 

2 

520 

3*614 

Barranquitas  

4,090 

4 

9 

1 

283 

3  793 

Barros  

7  318 

9 

1 

57 

1 

392 

6  858 

Coamo  

7  560 

3 

2 

85 

3 

476 

6  991 

Gua  vanilla  

4,698 

13 

16 

2 

187 

4  480 

Juana  Diaz  

13  803 

31 

5 

82 

5 

551 

13  129 

Pefluelas  

5,977 

166 

2 

13 

4 

286 

5  506 

Ponce  

27,890 

20 

63 

1  137 

27 

3  849 

22  794 

City  of  Ponce. 

14  755 

g 

57 

i  out 

••; 

s  im 

10  475 

Santa  Isabel  

2  364 

6 

1 

2 

81 

2  274 

Yauco  

13,  815 

59 

5 

60 

9 

965 

12  717 

The  department  

101,234 

333 

87 

1  551 

58 

8  146 

91  059 

NATIVE  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Adjuntas  

15,261 

3  601 

183 

132 

5 

783 

10  557 

Aibonito.... 

5  780 

1  442 

109 

123 

16 

401 

3  690 

Barranquitas  .  . 

5  587 

1  477 

45 

37 

9 

188 

3  831 

Barros  

11  131 

2  887 

70 

129 

11 

365 

7  669 

Coamo  

7,216 

1,464 

182 

107 

21 

278 

5  164 

Gua  vanilla  

2  985 

693 

84 

38 

11 

-••> 

2  087 

Juana  Diaz  

17,332 

4,294 

383 

244 

13 

305 

12  093 

Pefluelas  

7,022 

1,634 

190 

67 

13 

192 

4  926 

Ponce  

31  253 

4  558 

2  129 

1  836 

131 

2  593 

20  006 

City  of  Ponce  

U,S68 

eoi 

1,676 

i,54S 

110 

•  ..<'< 

8  645 

Santa  Isabel.. 

1  606 

316 

89 

49 

6 

41 

1  105 

Yauco  

13,  611 

2,679 

394 

340 

43 

939 

9  216 

The  department.  . 

118  784 

25  045 

3  858 

3  102 

"71- 

6  157 

80  344 

NATIVE  WHITE  MALES. 


Adjuntas  

7  584 

3  586 

182 

107 

3 

379 

3  327 

Aibonito  

2,945 

1,440 

107 

71 

14 

121 

1  19° 

Barranquitas  . 

2  781 

1  473 

45 

29 

9 

63 

1  162 

Barros-  

5,618 

2  881 

69 

80 

10 

127 

2  451 

Coamo  

3,634 

1,463 

182 

76 

20 

116 

Guavanilla  

1  516 

691 

84 

32 

10 

50 

649 

Juana  Diaz  

8  776 

4  273 

381 

207 

12 

89 

3  814 

Pefluelas  

3,532 

1,529 

190 

59 

10 

83 

1  661 

Ponce  

15,575 

4,551 

2,108 

1,278 

116 

1,373 

6,149 

City  of  Ponce  

6,  764 

too 

1  658 

1  047 

90 

l,SOi 

2  561 

Santa  Isabel  

797 

316 

88 

48 

4 

19 

322 

Yauco  

6,  524 

2  655 

391 

303 

37 

493 

2  645 

The  department.. 

59  282 

24  858 

3  8°7 

2  290 

245 

2  913 

25  149 

304 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXIII. — Orand  groups  of  occupations — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE — Continued. 

NATIVE  WHITE  FEMALES. 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Adjuntas  

7,677 

15 

1 

25 

2 

404 

7,230 

2,835 

2 

2 

52 

j 

280 

2,  498 

Barranquitas  

2,806 

4 

8 

125 

2,669 

Barros      

6,513 

6 

1 

49 

1 

238 

5,218 

3,582 

1 

31 

1 

162 

3  387 

1,469 

2 

1 

22 

1  438 

Juutia  Diaz  

8,556 

21 

2 

37 

1 

216 

8,279 

3,490 

105 

8 

3 

109 

3  265 

Ponce  

15,  678 

7 

2! 

558 

15 

1,220 

13,857 

City  of  Ponce  

7,50U 

1 

18 

503 

lit 

M 

6  082 

Santa  Isabel 

809 

1 

1 

2 

22 

783 

Yauco  

7,087 

24 

3 

37 

6 

446 

6,571 

The  department  

59,502 

187 

31 

812 

33 

3  244 

55  195 

FOREIGN  WHITE,  BOTH  SEXES. 


Adjuntas....           

251 

8, 

45 

7 

82 

29 

Aibonito.  

94 

18 

40 

11 

4 

13 

8 

Barranquitas  

15 

1 

5 

4 

2 

2 

1 

Barros  

38 

7 

8 

7 

2 

9 

6 

Coamo  

67 

13 

24 

3 

8 

5 

14 

(  Jim  vanilla  

70 

22 

7 

1 

1 

26 

14 

Juana  Diaz  

155 

29 

35 

10 

7 

38 

36 

Penuelas  

55 

22 

8 

3 

5 

8 

9 

Ponce  

1,358 

76 

484 

166 

58 

170 

404 

Ctiy  of  Ponce 

1,189 

43 

459 

lUt 

5k 

109 

873 

Santa  Isabel  

32 

4 

14 

4 

5 

5 

Yauco  

268 

67 

75 

18 

7 

49 

52 

The  department. 

2,403 

340 

745 

234 

101 

406 

577 

FOREIGN  WHITE  MALES. 


Adjuntas...  

228 

79 

46 

7 

7 

82 

8 

Aibonito  

86 

18 

40 

10 

3 

13 

2 

Barranquitas  

14 

1 

5 

4 

1 

2 

1 

Barros  

29 

7 

8 

3 

2 

8 

1 

Coamo 

49 

13 

23 

3 

6 

4 

Guayanilla  

66 

22 

7 

1 

25 

Juana  Diaz  

127 

29 

35 

9 

4 

38 

12 

Pefiuelas  

46 

22 

8 

3 

4 

8 

1 

Ponce  

997 

76 

479 

159 

48 

147 

88 

City  of  Ponce 

847 

&3 

l£tt 

138 

IA 

87 

81 

Santa  Isabel  

27 

4 

14 

4 

5 

Yauco  

228 

67 

75 

18 

4 

48 

16 

The  department. 

1,886 

338 

739 

221 

79 

380 

129 

FOREIGN  WHITE  FEMALES. 


Adjuntas  

23 

2 

21 

Aibonito  ..     .                   

8 

1 

i 

6 

Barranquitas  

1 

i 

Barros  

9 

4 

1 

4 

Coamo         . 

18 

1 

2 

1 

14 

Guayanilla  

15 

1 

14 

Juana  Diaz  

28 

1 

3 

24 

Penuelas 

9 

1 

% 

Ponce                            

361 

5 

7 

10 

23 

316 

City  of  Ponce.         

.;.;.-; 

5 

6 

10 

ii 

292 

Santa  Isabel 

5 

5 

Yauco  

40 

3 

1 

36 

The  department  

517 

2 

6 

13 

22 

96 

448 

OCCUPATIONS. 


305 


TABLE  XXIII. — Grand  groups  of  occupations — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  POXCE — Continued. 
COLORED,  BOTH  SEXES. 


District. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Adjuntas  

3,972 

1,116 

10 

33 

2 

242 

2,569 

•2,722 

597 

17 

69 

2 

490 

1,547 

2,501 

624 

2 

30 

169 

1,676 

Barros  

3,676 

995 

11 

23 

1 

192 

2,454 

Coamo              

7,861 

1,350 

89 

239 

5 

670 

5,608 

Guavanilla  

6,485 

1,584 

48 

131 

4 

271 

4,447 

10,409 

2,603 

96 

238 

2 

405 

7,066 

Penuelas  

5,052 

1,159 

65 

52 

241 

3,535 

Ponce  

22,866 

3,319 

707 

2,132 

21 

4,176 

12,  511 

City  of  Ponce.           

12,502 

279 

596 

1,888 

19 

5,700 

6,020 

H  •>•'() 

685 

38 

71 

167 

2,259 

Yauco  

13,240 

3,145 

111 

284 

2 

902 

8,7% 

The  department  

82,004 

17,177 

1,194 

3,302 

39 

7,825 

52,467 

COLORED  MALES. 


Adjuntas  . 

2,060 

1,108 

10 

33 

2 

90 

817 

Aibonito    

1,458 

596 

17 

56 

2 

250 

537 

1,218 

624 

2 

29 

11 

552 

Barros 

1,880 

992 

11 

19 

1 

39 

818 

Coamo  

3,901 

1,348 

88 

185 

5 

257 

2,018 

3,271 

1,573 

48 

121 

4 

106 

1,419 

Juana  Diaz 

5,190 

2,593 

93 

194 

1 

70 

2,239 

Penuelas     

2,574 

1,098 

63 

47 

64 

1,302 

Ponce  

11,015 

3,306 

670 

1,560 

19 

1,570 

3,890 

City  of  Ponce 

5,586 

274 

562 

1,S5S 

17 

!,!&! 

1,919 

Santa  Isabel.         .             ... 

1,670 

685 

33 

71 

108 

773 

Yauco  

6,552 

3,110 

109 

261 

2 

384 

2,686 

The  department  

40,  789 

17,033 

1,144 

2,576 

36 

2,949 

17,051 

COLORED  FEMALES. 


Adjuntas  .  .  . 

1  912 

8 

152 

1  752 

Aibonito    .        

1,264 

1 

13 

240 

1  010 

Barranquitas  

1,283 

1 

158 

1  124 

Barros 

1  7% 

3 

4 

153 

1  636 

Coamo  

3,960 

2 

1 

64 

313 

3  590 

Guavanilla 

3  214 

11 

10 

165 

3  028 

Juana  Diaz     .... 

5,219 

10 

3 

44 

1 

335 

4  826 

Penuelas  

2,478 

61 

2 

5 

177 

2  233 

11  851 

13 

37 

572 

2 

2  606 

8  621 

City  of  Ponce.         

6,916 

5 

54 

555 

£ 

2  259 

4  101 

Santa  Isabel  

1,550 

5 

59 

1  486 

Yauco  

6,688 

35 

2 

23 

518 

6  110 

The  department 

41  215 

144 

50 

726 

3 

4  876 

35  416 

8490— 0( 


306 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLK  XXIV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity. 

PORTO  RICO. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and  per- 
sonal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total          

953,243 

198,  761 

24,076 

26,515 

2,194 

64,819 

'••ot!.  ^ 

Under  10  years   

293,949 

116 

172 

34 

1 

1,347 

292,279 

10  to  14  years     

124,  353 

18,452 

1,575 

1,332 

6 

6,  574 

96,414 

15  to  19  years  

93,148 

27,782 

3,525 

4,357 

84 

10,  242 

47,  158 

20  to  24  vears                   

88,475 

28  441 

4  279 

4  758 

215 

10  502 

40  280 

25  to  29  vears  

84,265 

27,817 

3,787 

4,087 

325 

8,992 

39,257 

30  to  34  vears               

64,317 

22  084 

2,970 

3  046 

312 

7,181 

28  724 

35  to  44  years         

91,802 

33,164 

4,205 

4  530 

547 

9,821 

39  535 

45  to  54  years  

59,268 

22,032 

2,  162 

2  522 

381 

5,762 

26,409 

55  to  64  years  

33,716 

12,505 

983 

1,255 

216 

2,992 

15,765 

65  years  and  over  

19,950 

6,368 

418 

594 

107 

1,406 

11,057 

Total  males  

472,261 

196,  893 

22,347 

20,126 

1,883 

27,  415 

203,597 

Under  10  years  

11'.'  I'.'.M 

91 

131 

20 

658 

148  794 

10  to  14  years  

65,112 

18,330 

1  298 

911 

5 

2,611 

41  957 

15  to  19  vears  

42,  919 

27,618 

3,n207 

2  879 

52 

3,697 

5,466 

20  to  24  years                 .  .  . 

41  664 

28  301 

4  015 

3  436 

141 

4  515 

1  256 

25  to  29  vears               

39  469 

27  644 

3  578 

3  062 

272 

3  941 

972 

30  to  34  vears       

31  365 

21  916 

2  823 

2  330 

267 

3  329 

700 

35  to  44  vears     

46  430 

;;.,     S.K> 

3  986 

3  689 

509 

4  222 

1  202 

45  to  54  years  

29,578 

21  663 

2  013 

2  146 

339 

2,307 

1  110 

55  to  64  years  

16,758 

12,285 

911 

1,103 

199 

1  359 

901 

65  years  and  over     • 

9  272 

6  223 

385 

550 

99 

7^6 

1  239 

Total  females  

480  982 

1  868 

1  729 

6  389 

311 

37  404 

433  281 

Under  10  years 

144  255 

25 

41 

14 

1 

689 

143  4S5 

10  to  14  years 

59  241 

122 

277 

421 

1 

3  963 

54  4^7 

15  to  19  years  

50  229 

164 

318 

1  478 

32 

6  545 

41  69^ 

20  to  24  years  

46  811 

140 

264 

1  322 

74 

5,987 

39  024 

25  to  29  years  

44,7% 

173 

209 

1  025 

53 

5,051 

:;-  286 

30  to  34  years 

32  952 

168 

147 

716 

45 

3  852 

28  024 

35  to  44  years  

45  372 

342 

219 

841 

38 

5  599 

:>-  :^:i 

45  to  54  vears   

29  690 

369 

149 

376 

42 

3  455 

25  299 

55  to  64  years  

16  958 

220 

72 

152 

17 

1,633 

14  864 

65  years  and  over  

10  678 

146 

33 

44 

8 

630 

9  818 

Total  native  white  

.~i7«   IKN 

122  771 

15  316 

13  090 

1  475 

28  689 

3%  669 

Under  10  years  

179  939 

64 

54 

24 

565 

179  232 

10  to  14  years  

75  638 

10,861 

980 

693 

3,129 

59  975 

15  to  19  years  

56  800 

16,739 

2  477 

2  222 

63 

4,906 

30  393 

20  to  24  years  .               .  . 

53  9g3 

17  770 

2  940 

2  382 

140 

4  893 

•>.=i  s.ss 

25  to  29  years  

50  909 

17  431 

2  488 

2  015 

202 

4  032 

24  741 

30  to  34  years  

39  317 

13  993 

1  ^77 

1  496 

209 

3  306 

18  437 

35  to  44  years  

55  047 

20  906 

2  436 

2  207 

384 

4,066 

25  048 

45  to  54  years  

34  724 

13,482 

1  243 

1,178 

•>.vr 

2,164 

16  400 

55  to  64  years 

19  907 

7  634 

564 

696 

146 

1  089 

9  878 

65  years  and  over 

11  745 

3  891 

256 

278 

74 

539 

6  707 

Native  white  males  

"•Oi  3W 

121  595 

13  981 

9  075 

1  267 

13,560 

125  825 

Under  10  years  .  . 

91  634 

49 

35 

11 

295 

91  244 

10  to  14  years  

39  534 

10  784 

755 

395 

1   37» 

26  222 

15  to  19  years  

•>:•>  ,vv> 

16  636 

2  209 

1  275 

38 

1,995 

3  709 

20  to  24  years  

25,214 

17,685 

2,726 

1,564 

94 

•J  '.'Tii 

870 

25  to  29  years 

23  726 

17  316 

2  314 

1  380 

166 

1  926 

625 

30  to  34  years 

19  155 

13  892 

1  768 

1  070 

178 

1  781 

466 

35  to  44  years  

27  790 

20  695 

2  270 

1  676 

358 

2,019 

77" 

45  to  54  years  

17,252 

13,255 

1,155 

969 

233 

gg| 

M 

55  to  64  years  

9,753 

7,490 

615 

499 

134 

567 

M^ 

65  years  and  over 

5  383 

3  793 

235 

246 

66 

342 

701 

Native  white  females  

292,706 

1,176 

1,334 

4,015 

208 

15,129 

270,844 

Under  10  years  

88  305 

15 

19 

13 

270 

87,988 

10  to  14  years  

36  104 

77 

225 

298 

1,751 

33,753 

15  to  19  years  

30,938 

103 

268 

947 

26 

2,911 

26,684 

20  to  24  years  

28  769 

85 

215 

818 

46 

2  617 

24  988 

25  to  29  years  

27  183 

115 

174 

635 

36 

2,107 

24,  116 

30  to  34  years  

20,162 

101 

109 

425 

31 

1.525 

17,971 

35  to  44  vears 

27  257 

211 

166 

531 

26 

2  047 

24  276 

45  to  54  years  

17,472 

227 

88 

219 

24 

1,  182 

15  732 

55  to  64  years 

10  154 

144 

49 

97 

12 

522 

9  330 

65  years  and  over  

6,362 

98 

21 

32 

8 

197 

6,006 

OCCUPATIONS. 


307 


TABLE  XXIV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

PORTO  RICO— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total  foreign  white  

11,417 

1,589 

3,795 

926 

513 

1,599 

2,995 

409 

1 

1 

407 

242 

3 

36 

3 

10 

190 

15  to  19  years  

753 

23 

440 

29 

7 

73 

181 

°0  to  24  years      

1,261 

63 

627 

70 

41 

238 

222 

26  to  29  years  

1,547 

130 

624 

156 

79 

270 

288 

30  to  34  years  

1,411 

162 

557 

119 

77 

243 

253 

35  to  44  years  ... 

2,535 

416 

821 

268 

121 

384 

525 

45  to  54  years  

1,728 

384 

438 

159 

100 

245 

402 

55  to  64  years  

918 

256 

185 

79 

59 

90 

249 

65  vears  and  over  

613 

151 

67 

43 

29 

45 

278 

Foreign  white  males 

8,892 

1,578 

3,773 

894 

436 

1,503 

708 

Under  10  years 

210 

1 

1 

208 

10  to  14  years   . 

134 

3 

36 

3 

9 

83 

16  to  19  years  ... 

597 

22 

440 

27 

3 

69 

36 

20  to  24  years  

1,013 

63 

623 

66 

21 

221 

19 

25  to  29  years  

1,252 

130 

620 

150 

69 

257 

26 

30  to  34  vears  .  . 

1,142 

162 

552 

115 

64 

230 

19 

35  to  44  years  

2,047 

413 

818 

260 

110 

364 

82 

45  to  54  years  

1,372 

381 

434 

155 

86 

231 

86 

55  to  64  years                  

701 

253 

184 

77 

64 

81 

52 

65  vears  and  over  

424 

150 

66 

41 

29 

40 

98 

Foreign  white  females  

2,525 

11 

22 

32 

77 

% 

2,287 

Under  10  vears        

199 

199 

10  to  14  years   

108 

1 

107 

15  to  19  years  

156 

1 

2 

4 

4 

145 

20  to  24  years  

248 

4 

4 

20 

17 

203 

25  to  29  years         

295 

4 

6 

10 

13 

262 

30  to  34  years  

269 

5 

4 

13 

13 

234 

35  to  44  vears  

488 

'    3 

3 

8 

11 

20 

443 

45  to  54  vears 

356 

3 

4 

4 

14 

14 

317 

55  to  64  years  

217 

3 

1 

2 

5 

9 

197 

65  years'and  over  

189 

1 

1 

2 

5 

180 

Total  colored  

363,817 

74,401 

4,966 

12,499 

206 

34,531 

237,214 

Under  10  vears  

113,  601 

51 

118 

10 

1 

781 

112,640 

10  to  14  vears           ...  . 

48,473 

7  588 

559 

636 

6 

3  435 

36,249 

15  to  19  vears  

35,595 

11,020 

608 

2,106 

14 

5  263 

16,584 

20  to  24  years 

33,231 

10  608 

712 

2  306 

34 

5  371 

14,200 

25  to  29  vears            

31,809 

10,256 

675 

1,916 

44 

4  690 

14,228 

30  to  34  vears  

23,589 

7,929 

536 

1,432 

26 

3  632 

10,034 

35  to  44  years  . 

34,220 

11  842 

948 

2  055 

42 

5  371 

13,962 

45  to  54  vears  

22,816 

8,166 

481 

1,186 

24 

3  353 

9,607 

55  to  64  vears  

12,891 

4,615 

234 

680 

11 

1  813 

6,638 

65  vears  and  over.  . 

7,592 

2,326 

95 

273 

4 

822 

4,072 

Colored  males. 

178,066 

73  720 

4  593 

10  157 

180 

12  352 

77  064 

Under  10  vears  

57,850 

41 

96 

9 

362 

67,342 

10  to  14  years  

25,444 

7  543 

507 

513 

5 

1  224 

15  662 

15  to  19  years  

16,460 

10,960 

568 

1,577 

11 

1  633 

1  721 

20  to  24  years 

15  437 

10  553 

667 

1  806 

26 

2  018 

367 

25  to  29  vears  

14,  491 

10  198 

644 

1,532 

37 

1  759 

321 

30  to  34  vears  

11,068 

7,862 

503 

1,146 

26 

1  318 

215 

35  to  44  vears  

16  593 

11  714 

898 

1  753 

41 

1  839 

348 

45  to  54  vears  

10,954 

8  027 

424 

1  032 

20 

1  094 

357 

55  to  64  vears  

6,304 

4,542 

212 

627 

11 

711 

301 

65  vears  and  over  

3,465 

2  280 

84 

263 

4 

394 

440 

Colored  females  

185,  751 

681 

373 

2  342 

26 

22  179 

160  150 

Under  10  vears  

55  751 

10 

22 

1 

1 

419 

55  298 

10  to  14  years  

23,029 

45 

62 

123 

1 

2  211 

20  597 

15  to  19  vears 

19  135 

60 

50 

529 

3 

3  630 

14  863 

20  to  24  vears  

17  794 

55 

45 

600 

9 

3  353 

13  833 

25  to  29  vears 

17  318 

58 

31 

384 

7 

2  931 

13  907 

30  to  34  years  

12  521 

67 

33 

287 

1 

2  314 

9  819 

35  to  44  vears  

17,  627 

128 

60 

302 

1 

3  532 

13  614 

45  to  54  vears  . 

11  86° 

139 

57 

153 

4 

2  259 

9  260 

56  to  64  vears  

6,687 

73 

22 

53 

1  102 

5  337 

65  vears  and  over  

4,127 

46 

11 

10 

428 

3  632 

808 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXIV. — Grand  groups  of  orc»y>"/"<//*  by  age,  sex,  race,  ami  nnti>'it>/ — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and  per- 
sonal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total                     

99,645 

23,1% 

1,687 

1,948 

145 

5,668 

67,001 

Under  10  years 

31,338 

9 

3 

3 

116 

31,207 

10  to  14  years                  

12,937 

2,255 

149 

157 

1 

756 

9,619 

15  to  19  years        

9,572 

3,176 

240 

362 

10 

912 

4,872 

20  to  24  years  

8,893 

3,129 

280 

368 

8 

952 

4,156 

25  to  29  years     

8,424 

3,016 

252 

282 

16 

721 

4,137 

30  to  34  years  

6,795 

2,697 

215 

177 

30 

581 

3,095 

35  to  44  years 

9,572 

3,898 

297 

301 

32 

851 

4,193 

45  to  54  years 

6,211 

2,623 

147 

165 

28 

463 

2,785 

55  to  64  years                   

3,679 

1,593 

74 

87 

12 

190 

1  .  T'JS 

65  years  and  over  

2,224 

800 

30 

46 

8 

126 

1,214 

Total  males  

49,224 

22,902 

1,302 

1,307 

125 

2,299 

21,289 

Under  10  vears 

16,025 

7 

2 

55 

15  961 

10  to  14  years 

6,733 

2,247 

75 

70 

1 

341 

3,999 

15  to  19  years 

4,419 

3,163 

159 

173 

8 

268 

648 

20  to  24  years               

4,136 

3,115 

218 

237 

6 

416 

144 

25  to  29  years     

3,786 

2,995 

205 

198 

12 

285 

91 

30  to  34  years 

3,309 

2  671 

180 

123 

25 

255 

55 

35  to  44  years 

4,846 

3  838 

252 

240 

29 

384 

103 

45  to  54  years 

3,096 

2  549 

122 

139 

26 

175 

85 

56  to  64  years 

1,823 

1,542 

63 

79 

10 

61 

68 

65  vears  and  over  

1,051 

775 

28 

46 

8 

59 

135 

Total  females 

50  421 

294 

385 

641 

20 

3  369 

45  712 

Under  10  years    

15,  313 

2 

3 

1 

61 

15  246 

10  to  14  years  

6,204 

8 

74 

87 

415 

6,620 

15  to  19  years 

5  153 

13 

81 

189 

2 

644 

4  'v>4 

20  to  24  years 

4,757 

14 

62 

131 

2 

536 

4  012 

25  to  29  years 

4,638 

21 

47 

84 

4 

436 

4  046 

30  to  34  years        

3,486 

26 

35 

54 

5 

326 

3  040 

35  to  44  years  

4,726 

60 

45 

61 

467 

4,090 

45  to  54  years  

3,115 

74 

25 

26 

2 

•J-> 

2,700 

55  to  64  years  

1,856 

51 

11 

8 

2 

129 

1,655 

65  vears  and  over. 

1,173 

25 

2 

67 

1  079 

Total  native  white  .  ... 

84,563 

20  090 

1,317 

1,335 

106 

4  159 

57  556 

Under  10  years  

26,755 

| 

2 

3 

97 

26,  647 

10  to  14  years 

10  939 

1  926 

128 

111 

5% 

8  178 

15  to  19  years        .  . 

7  960 

2  667 

191 

257 

4 

650 

4  191 

20  to  24  years  

7,491 

2,699 

228 

249 

5 

704 

3,606 

25  to  29  years  

7,171 

2  644 

194 

194 

11 

532 

3  596 

30  to  34  years  

5,890 

2  388 

171 

115 

23 

453 

2,740 

35  to  44  years  

8,205 

3  453 

216 

203 

23 

623 

3  687 

45  to  54  years  

5,255 

2,284 

112 

122 

23 

310 

2,404 

55  to  64  years  

3,063 

1,368 

58 

50 

10 

101 

1,476 

65  years  and  over 

1,834 

655 

17 

31 

7 

93 

1  031 

fJativp  white  males, 

41,776 

19,841 

952 

857 

91 

1  779 

18  256 

Under  10  vears  

13,  749 

5 

2 

46 

13.696 

10  to  14  years  

5  741 

1  920 

54 

43 

•>vs 

3  436 

15  to  19  years  

3  646 

2,659 

112 

117 

4 

193 

561 

20  to  24  years  

3,459 

2,686 

170 

150 

4 

325 

124 

25  to  29  years 

3  205 

2  629 

148 

131 

7 

212 

78 

30  to  34  years  .  . 

2  859 

2  366 

137 

82 

19 

208 

47 

35  to  44  years  

4,144 

3  402 

175 

158 

•'1 

301 

87 

45  to  54  years  

2,622 

2,217 

90 

99 

21 

124 

71 

55  to  64  years  . 

1  510 

1  323 

51 

44 

8 

31 

53 

65  years  and  over 

841 

634 

16 

31 

7 

51 

103 

Native  white  female;- 

42  787 

249 

365 

478 

15 

2  380 

39  300 

Under  10  vears  

13  006 

1 

2 

1 

51 

12,  951 

10  to  14  vears 

5  198 

6 

74 

68 

308 

4  742 

15  to  19  vears  ... 

4,314 

8 

79 

140 

167 

3  630 

20  to  24  veur-  

4,032 

13 

58 

99 

1 

879 

3,482 

25  to  29  years  . 

3  966 

15 

46 

63 

4 

320 

3  518 

30  to  34  vears  .-. 

3,031 

22 

34 

33 

4 

245 

"  ii'.<3 

35  to  44  vciir- 

4  061 

51 

41 

45 

2 

32° 

3  600 

15  to  ~>4  vears 

2  633 

67 

22 

23 

186 

2  333 

1,553 

45 

7 

6 

2 

70 

1  423 

.. 
65  years  and  over 

993 

21 

2 

42 

928 



OCCUPATIONS. 


309 


TABI.K  XXI V. — ('Irand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and  per- 
sonal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

735 

175 

181 

33 

25 

142 

179 

Under  10  years        

26 

1 

] 

24 

10  to  14  years  

s 

1 

7 

15  to  19  years  

44 

3 

26 

7 

8 

20  to  24  years           

87 

7 

25 

1 

33 

21 

25  to  29  years  

115 

24 

34 

4 

4 

23 

26 

30  to  34  years 

77 

19 

21 

6 

5 

17 

9 

35  to  44  years            

165 

44 

44 

9 

g 

35 

25 

45  to  54  years  

99 

33 

19 

5 

5 

17 

20 

55  to  64  years 

67 

26 

6 

6 

2 

7 

20 

65  years  and  over 

47 

18 

5 

2 

1 

2 

19 

587 

174 

181 

33 

23 

135 

41 

Under  10  vears  

15 

1 

1 

13 

10  to  14  years  

3 

1 

2 

15  to  19  years  . 

36 

3 

26 

7 

20  to  24  years  

65 

7 

26 

1 

30 

2 

25  to  29  years  

91 

24 

34 

4 

4 

22 

3 

30  to  34  years 

67 

19 

21 

6 

4 

17 

35  to  44  years 

142 

44 

44 

9 

7 

34 

4 

45  to  54  years  

83 

33 

19 

5 

5 

16 

5 

55  to  64  vears  

49 

25 

6 

6 

2 

6 

4 

65  years  and  over           

36 

18 

5 

2 

1 

2 

8 

148 

1 

2 

138 

Under  10  years  

11 

. 

11 

10  to  14  years 

5 

5 

15  to  19  years  . 

8 

8 

20  to  24  years  

22 

3 

19 

25  to  29  years  

24 

1 

23 

30  to  34  years 

10 

1 

,   9 

35  to  44  years  

23 

1 

1 

21 

45  to  54  years  

16 

1 

16 

55  to  64  years  

18 

1 

1 

16 

65  vears  and  over  

11 

11 

Total  colored  

14,  347 

2  931 

189 

580 

14 

1  367 

9,266 

Under  10  years  

4,557 

2 

1 

18 

4,536 

10  to  14  years  

1,990 

329 

20 

46 

1 

160 

1,434 

15  to  19  years 

1  568 

506 

23 

105 

U 

255 

673 

20  to  24  years 

1  315 

423 

27 

118 

3 

215 

629 

25  to  29  years 

1  138 

348 

24 

84 

1 

166 

615 

30  to  34  years 

828 

290 

23 

56 

2 

111 

346 

35  to  44  years  .          

1,202 

401 

37 

89 

1 

193 

481 

45  to  54  years  

857 

306 

16 

38 

136 

361 

55  to  64  years 

549 

199 

10 

31 

82 

227 

65  vears  and  over  

343 

127 

8 

13 

31 

164 

Colored  males  

6  861 

2  887 

169 

417 

11 

385 

2  992 

Under  10  years  

2,261 

1 

8 

2,252 

10  to  14  years  

989 

327 

20 

27 

1 

63 

561 

15  to  19  years  

737 

501 

21 

56 

4 

68 

87 

20  to  24  vears 

612 

422 

23 

86 

2 

61 

18 

25  to  29  years  

490 

342 

23 

63 

1 

51 

10 

30  to  34  vears 

383 

286 

22 

35 

2 

30 

g 

35  to  44  vears  .   . 

560 

392 

33 

73 

1 

49 

12 

45  to  54  years  

391 

299 

13 

36 

35 

9 

55  to  64  years  

264 

194 

6 

29 

24 

11 

65  vears  and  over. 

174 

123 

g 

13 

6 

24 

Colored  females  

7  4N> 

44 

20 

163 

3 

982 

6  274 

Under  10  vears  

2,296 

1 

1 

10 

^,284 

10  to  14  vears  

1,001 

2 

19 

107 

873 

15  to  19  years  

831 

5 

2 

49 

2 

187 

586 

20  to  24  vears  

703 

1 

4 

32 

1 

154 

511 

25  to  29  vears  

648 

6 

1 

21 

115 

505 

30  to  34  vears  

445 

4 

1 

21 

81 

338 

35  to  44  vears  

642 

9 

4 

16 

144 

469 

%  45  to  54  years  

466 

7 

3 

101 

352 

55  to  64  vears 

285 

4 

2 

58 

216 

65  vears  and  over  

169 

4 

25 

140 

310 


REPORT    ON    THE    OENSCJS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXIV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and  per- 
sonal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total                            

162,  308 

36,577 

2,899 

3,284 

221 

8,458 

110,  869 

Under  10  years  

51,476 

21 

18 

116 

51,  321 

10  to  14  years  

21,505 

3,145 

204 

163 

1 

784 

17,208 

16  to  19  years           

15.694 

5,186 

368 

484 

1,435 

8,214 

20  to  24  years  

14,887 

5,196 

510 

558 

25 

1,570 

7,028 

25  to  29  years  

14,  374 

5,446 

455 

487 

33 

1,153 

6,800 

30  to  34  years  

11,  174 

4,365 

377 

376 

25 

914 

5,117 

35  to  44  years  

15,  617 

6,259 

528 

610 

54 

1,307 

6,859 

46  to  54  years 

9,452 

3,787 

269 

357 

44 

726 

4,269 

55  to  64  years 

5,191 

2,120 

115 

159 

21 

297 

2,479 

65  years  and  over.  . 

2,938 

1,052 

55 

90 

11 

156 

1,574 

Total  males  

80,901 

36,331 

2,602 

2  567 

It2 

3,528 

35,681 

Under  10  years  

26,  191 

17 

17 

63 

26,094 

10  to  14  years 

11,298 

3  117 

155 

76 

1 

274 

7,675 

16  to  19  years  

7,030 

6  165 

335 

310 

5 

435 

780 

20  to  24  years  ... 

6,995 

5  182 

467 

409 

16 

730 

191 

26  to  29  years  

6,927 

5,423 

403 

390 

31 

503 

177 

30  to  34  years  

5,575 

4,348 

346 

316 

22 

417 

127 

35  to  44  years  

8,067 

6,212 

490 

520 

50 

592 

203 

45  to  54  years  

4,802 

3,738 

246 

319 

37 

304 

158 

55  to  64  years  

2,609 

2,095 

99 

141 

20 

127 

127 

66  years  and  over. 

1,407 

1  034 

45 

86 

10 

83 

149 

Total  females  

81,407 

246 

297 

717 

29 

4  930 

75  188 

Under  10  years  

25,285 

4 

-     1 

53 

25,  227 

10  to  14  years  ...  . 

10  207 

28 

49 

87 

510 

9  533 

15  to  19  years  

8,664 

21 

33 

174 

2 

1,000 

7,434 

20  to  24  years  

7,892 

14 

43 

149 

9 

840 

6,837 

25  to  29  years  

7,447 

23 

52 

97 

2 

650 

6,623 

30  to  34  years  

6,599 

17 

32 

60 

3 

497 

4,990 

35  to  44  years  

7  560 

47 

38 

90 

4 

715 

6,656 

45  to  64  years  

4  660 

49 

23 

38 

7 

422 

4,111 

56  to  64  years  

2,682 

25 

16 

18 

1 

170 

2,  352 

65  years  and  over  

1,531 

18 

10 

4 

1 

73 

1,426 

Total  native  white  

123,601 

27,  932 

2  167 

2,202 

168 

5,071 

86,061 

Under  10  years  

39  930 

19 

10 

83 

39  818 

10  to  14  years  

16,439 

2  389 

159 

119 

520 

13,  252 

15  to  19  years  

11,871 

3  920 

311 

319 

5 

927 

6,389 

20  to  24  years  

11,361 

4,073 

384 

368 

19 

994 

6,523 

25  to  29  years  

10  798 

4  128 

345 

327 

22 

690 

5  286 

30  to  34  years  

8  520 

3  369 

283 

257 

18 

521 

4,  072 

35  to  44  years  

11  729 

4  7% 

363 

419 

42 

734 

5,375 

45  to  54  years  

6  972 

2  906 

193 

230 

36 

361 

3,246 

55  to  64  years  

3,828 

1,562 

76 

105 

17 

169 

1,899 

65  years  and  over  

2,153 

770 

43 

58 

9 

72 

1,201 

Native  white  males  

61,264 

27,740 

1  901 

1  653 

145 

2,146 

27,669 

Under  10  years  

20,  333 

17 

9 

43 

20,  264 

10  to  14  years  

8  627 

2  363 

119 

48 

187 

5  910 

15  to  19  years  

5,284 

3  904 

279 

185 

3 

287 

626 

20  to  24  years  

5,283 

4  060 

344 

261 

14 

449 

155 

25  to  29  years  

5  122 

4  110 

299 

251 

20 

2% 

146 

30  to  34  years  

4  209 

3  354 

256 

207 

15 

270 

107 

36  to  44  years  

5,981 

4,761 

327 

350 

38 

353 

152 

45  to  64  years  

3,532 

2,872 

174 

203 

31 

142 

110 

65  to  64  years  ... 

1  897 

1  544 

60 

93 

16 

84 

100 

65  years  and  over  

986 

765 

34 

66 

8 

35 

99 

Native  white  females  .  .  . 

62,347 

192 

266 

549 

23 

2  925 

58  392 

Under  10  years  

19,597 

2 

1 

40 

19,554 

10  to  14  years  

7,812 

26 

40 

71 

333 

7,342 

16  to  19  years  

6  687 

16 

32 

134 

2 

640 

5  763 

20  to  24  years  

6,078 

13 

40 

107 

5 

645 

5,368 

25  to  29  years 

6  676 

18 

46 

76 

2 

394 

5  140 

30  to  34  years  

4,311 

15 

27 

50 

3 

251 

3  965 

35  to  44  years 

5  748 

35 

36 

69 

4 

381 

5  223 

45  to  54  vears  .  .  . 

3  440 

34 

19 

27 

5 

219 

3  136 

55  to  64  years  

1,931 

18 

16 

12 

1 

85 

1  799 

65  years  and  over  

1,167 

15 

9 

3 

1 

37 

1,102 

OCCUPATIONS. 


311 


TABLE  XXIV. — Grand  groups  ufwiijiutimtx  %  age,  KCJC,  rm;\  <m<l  mitirity — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO- Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and  per- 
sonal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total  foreign  white 

1  458 

401 

329 

76 

40 

246 

366 

Under  10  vears 

31 

31 

10  to  14  years        

17 

2 

1 

2 

12 

15  to  19  years  

74 

3 

26 

3 

16 

26 

20  to  24  years            .  .  . 

177 

17 

72 

7 

4 

52 

25 

25  to  29  vears  

179 

33 

58 

9 

8 

30 

41 

30  to  34  years 

147 

38 

48 

g 

4 

30 

19 

35  to  44  years 

339 

98 

73 

18 

11 

57 

82 

45  to  54  years  

251 

99 

27 

19 

7 

34 

65 

55  to  64  years 

131 

65 

20 

4 

4 

12 

26 

65  years  and  over. 

112 

46 

4 

2 

13 

39 

Foreign  white  males 

1  121 

396 

328 

75 

35 

234 

53 

Under  10  years  

17 

17 

10  to  14  years  . 

9 

2 

1 

2 

4 

15  to  19  years  

48 

3 

26 

3 

16 

20  to  24  years  

146 

17 

72 

6 

1 

49 

1 

25  to  29  years 

141 

33 

58 

9 

8 

30 

3 

30  to  34  vears  

125 

38 

48 

8 

4 

27 

35  to  44  years  

269 

97 

73 

18 

11 

56 

14 

45  to  54  years 

186 

98 

27 

19 

5 

33 

4 

55  to  64  years  

104 

63 

20 

4 

4 

11 

2 

65  years  and  over  

76 

45 

3 

8 

2 

10 

8 

Foreign  white  females  

337 

1 

1 

5 

12 

313 

Under  10  years 

14 

14 

10  to  14  years  

8 

8 

15  to  19  vears 

26 

26 

20  to  24  vears 

31 

1 

3 

3 

24 

25  to  29  years  .         

38 

38 

30  to  34  vears 

22 

3 

19 

35  to  44  years 

70 

1 

1 

.  68 

45  to  54  years  

65 

•    1 

2 

1 

61 

55  to  64  vears  

27 

2 

1 

24 

65  vears  and  over  .  . 

36 

1 

1 

3 

31 

Total  colored  

37  ''49 

8  244 

403 

1  006 

13 

3.141 

24,442 

Under  10  years  

11  515 

2 

g 

33 

11,  472 

10  to  14  vears  

5,049 

754 

44 

44 

1 

262 

3,944 

15  to  19  years  

3,749 

1,263 

31 

162 

2 

492 

1,799 

20  to  24  years     ...  . 

3  349 

1  106 

54 

183 

2 

524 

1,480 

25  to  29  years  

3,397 

1,285 

52 

151 

3 

433 

1,473 

30  to  34  years  . 

2  507 

958 

46 

111 

3 

363 

1,026 

35  to  44  years  

3,549 

1,365 

92 

173 

1 

616 

1,402 

45  to  54  vears  

2,229 

7vJ 

49 

108 

1 

331 

958 

55  to  64  vears         .... 

1  232 

493 

19 

50 

116 

554 

65  years  and  over  

673 

236 

8 

24 

71 

334 

Colored  males  

18,  526 

8,195 

373 

839 

12 

1,148 

7.959 

Under  10  years  .  . 

5  841 

8 

-•,, 

5  813 

10  to  14  years  

2,662 

752 

35 

28 

1 

85 

1.7lil 

15  to  19  years  
20  to  24  years  

1,698 
1,566 

1,258 
1,105 

30 
51 

122 
142 

2 
1 

132 
232 

LM 

35 

25  to  29  years  

1,664 

1,280 

46 

130 

3 

177 

28 

30  to  34  years  

1,241 

956 

41 

101 

3 

120 

20 

35  to  44  vears  

1,817 

1,354 

90 

152 

1 

183 

37 

45  to  54  years  

1,084 

768 

45 

97 

1 

129 

44 

55  to  64  years  . 

608 

488 

19 

44 

32 

25 

65  years  and  over 

345 

234 

8 

23 

38 

42 

Colored  females  

18,  723 

49 

30 

167 

1 

1,993 

16,483 

Under  10  years  

5,674 

2 

13 

5,659 

10  to  14  vears 

2  387 

2 

9 

16 

177 

2,183 

15  to  19  years  

2,051 

B 

1 

40 

360 

1,645 

20  to  24  vears  

1,783 

1 

3 

41 

1 

292 

1,445 

25  to  29  years     

1  733 

5 

6 

21 

256 

1,445 

30  to  34  vears  

1,266 

2 

5 

10 

243 

1,006 

35  to  44  years 

1  732 

11 

2 

21 

333 

1,365 

45  to  54  years 

1  145 

14 

4 

11 

202 

914 

55  to  64  years 

624 

5 

6 

84 

529 

65  vears  and  over 

328 

2 

1 

33 

292 

312 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXIV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total                

160,046 

26,264 

4,614 

5,523 

638 

15,783 

107,224 

Under  10  years  

49,133 

24 

4 

5 

1 

318 

48,  781 

10  to  14  years  

20,632 

2,684 

154 

286 

3 

1,601 

15,904 

15  to  19  years  

15,800 

3,810 

723 

880 

25 

2,218 

8,144 

20  to  24  years                 

14,930 

3,685 

841 

957 

65 

2  640 

6,742 

25  to  29  years                  

14,370 

3,638 

755 

910 

105 

2,287 

6,675 

30  to  34  years                  

10,588 

2,644 

611 

660 

97 

1,816 

4,760 

35  to  44  years            

15,332 

4,257 

875 

953 

160 

2,368 

6,719 

45  to  54  years  

9,749 

2,898 

401 

494 

108 

1,393 

4,455 

55  to  64  years  

5,908 

1,710 

179 

264 

51 

809 

2,895 

65  years  and  over 

3,604 

914 

71 

114 

23 

333 

2,149 

Total  males              

78,229 

26,092 

4,544 

4,373 

538 

7,919 

34,763 

Under  10  years  

24,  772 

17 

4 

5 

158 

24,588 

10  to  14  years 

10  744 

2  673 

152 

225 

2 

720 

6,972 

15  to  19  years 

7,418 

3  801 

722 

648 

14 

940 

1,293 

20  to  24  years                 

6,964 

3  679 

829 

726 

42 

1  378 

310 

25  to  29  years  .  .        

6,673 

3  622 

747 

730 

88 

1,241 

245 

30  to  34  years  

5,003 

2  627 

602 

510 

79 

1  008 

177 

35  to  44  years  

7,543 

4,231 

860 

776 

146 

1,208 

322 

45  to  54  years 

4  749 

2  870 

389 

429 

98 

658 

305 

55  to  64  years 

2,795 

1  686 

174 

221 

48 

417 

249 

65  years  and  over  

1,568 

886 

65 

103 

21 

191 

302 

Total  females  

81,  817 

172 

70 

1,150 

100 

7  864 

72,  461 

Under  10  years  

24  361 

7 

1 

160 

24  193 

10  to  14  years  

9,888 

11 

2 

61 

1 

881 

8,932 

15  to  19  years  

8,382 

9 

1 

232 

11 

1  278 

6,851 

20  to  24  years  

7,966 

6 

12 

231 

23 

1,262 

6,432 

25  to  29  years  

7  697 

16 

8 

180 

17 

1  046 

6,430 

30  to  34  years  

5  585 

17 

9 

150 

18 

808 

4,583 

35  to  44  years  

7,789 

26 

16 

177 

14 

1  160 

6,397 

45  to  64  years  

5,000 

28 

12 

66 

10 

735 

4,150 

55  to  64  years  

3,113 

24 

6 

43 

3 

392 

2,646 

65  vears  and  over.  . 

2  036 

28 

6 

11 

2 

142 

1,847 

Total  native  white  

74,  210 

12  239 

2,077 

1,890 

366 

5  113 

52,525 

Under  10  years  

23,430 

11 

1 

94 

23,  324 

10  to  14  years  

9  800 

1  192 

90 

92 

566 

7  860 

15  to  19  years  

7  419 

1  636 

362 

•>.is 

20 

792 

4  281 

20  to  24  years  

6  898 

1  7b4 

427 

368 

39 

923 

3  407 

25  to  29  years  

6,497 

1  759 

356 

298 

61 

764 

3  269 

30  to  34  years  

4,795 

1  245 

255 

224 

56 

620 

2,395 

35  to  44  years  

6,779 

2,024 

341 

301 

86 

742 

3,285 

45  to  54  years  

4  263 

1  367 

151 

143 

62 

331 

2  209 

55  to  64  years  

2  709 

856 

67 

96 

35 

172 

1,483 

65  years  and  over  

1  620 

416 

27 

40 

17 

109 

1,012 

Native  white  males  

35,901 

12,145 

2,054 

1,328 

300 

3,171 

16,903 

Under  10  years  

11  857 

5 

1 

48 

11  803 

10  to  14  years  

5  074 

1,187 

89 

61 

307 

3,430 

15  to  19  years  

3  391 

1  632 

362 

214 

10 

448 

725 

20  to  24  years  

3  160 

1  731 

422 

240 

24 

576 

167 

25  to  29  years  

2,966 

1  754 

353 

219 

42 

490 

108 

30  to  34  years  

2,204 

1,236 

250 

150 

44 

428 

96 

35  to  44  years  

3,289 

2,013 

337 

217 

77 

482 

163 

45  to  54  years  

2  026 

1  352 

148 

119 

66 

198 

153 

55  to  64  years  

1,254 

839 

66 

76 

32 

110 

131 

65  years  and  over  

680 

3% 

26 

32 

15 

84 

127 

Native  white  females  

38,309 

94 

23 

562 

66 

1  942 

35  622 

Under  10  years  

11,573 

6 

46 

11  521 

10  to  14  years  

4  726 

5 

1 

31 

259 

4  430 

15  to  19  years  

4,028 

4 

114 

10 

344 

3  556 

20  to  24  years  

3  738 

3 

5 

128 

15 

347 

3  240 

25  to  29  years  

3,531 

5 

3 

79 

9 

274 

3  161 

30  to  34  years  

2,691 

9 

5 

74 

12 

192 

2  299 

35  to  44  years  

3  490 

11 

4 

84 

9 

260 

3  122 

45  to  64  years  

2  237 

16 

3 

24 

6 

133 

2  056 

55  to  64  vears  

1,455 

17 

1 

20 

§ 

62 

1  352 

65  vears"  and  over.  .  . 

940 

19 

1 

8 

2 

25 

885 

OCCUPATIONS. 


TABLK  XXIV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  mttirili/ — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and 
personal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

4,018 

188 

1,636 

333 

201 

534 

1,126 

Under  10  vears 

177 

177 

3  0  to  14  years    

111 

27 

3 

5 

76 

15  to  19  years  

368 

4 

254 

13 

3 

14 

80 

•'0  to  '>4  vears 

487 

12 

284 

26 

11 

69 

85 

25  to  29  vears            

579 

14 

262 

70 

36 

98 

99 

30  to  34  vears       

542 

21 

250 

47 

34 

91 

99 

35  to  44  years 

888 

59 

334 

95 

58 

137 

205 

45  to  54  years           

489 

34 

150 

49 

37 

80 

139 

55  to  64  years  

241 

35 

55 

21 

16 

31 

83 

60  vears  and  over 

136 

9 

20 

9 

6 

9 

83 

Foreign  white  males  

3,097 

187 

1,627 

324 

178 

512 

269 

Under  10  vears 

83 

83 

10  to  14  years  

64 

27 

3 

4 

30 

15  to  19  vears 

307 

4 

254 

12 

2 

14 

21 

20  to  24  vears 

400 

12 

280 

25 

8 

66 

9 

25  to  29  years  

477 

14 

260 

69 

31 

95 

g 

30  to  34  vears 

443 

21 

250 

47 

28 

88 

9 

35  to  44  vears 

691 

59 

333 

91 

53 

131 

24 

45  to  54  years  

369 

33 

149 

48 

34 

75 

30 

55  to  64  year* 

178 

35 

54 

20 

16 

30 

23 

65  years  and  over  

85 

9 

20 

9 

6 

9 

32 

Foreign  white  females 

921 

1 

9 

9 

23 

22 

857 

Under  10  vears  

94 

94 

10  to  14  years 

47 

1 

46 

15  to  19  years  

61 

1 

1 

59 

20  to  24  years  

87 

4 

1 

3 

3 

76 

25  to  29  years 

102 

2 

1 

5 

3 

91 

30  to  34  vears            

99 

6 

3 

•  90 

35  to  44  vears  

197 

1 

4 

5 

g 

181 

45  to  54  vears 

120 

1 

1 

1 

3 

5 

109 

55  to  64  years            

63 

1 

1 

1 

60 

65  years  and  over  

51 

51 

Total  colored  

81,818 

13  837 

901 

3  300 

71 

10  136 

53  573 

Under  10  vears  .  . 

25  526 

13 

3 

5 

1 

224 

•>5  280 

10  to  14  vears  

10,  721 

1  492 

37 

191 

3 

1  030 

7  968 

15  to  19  vears 

8  013 

2  170 

107 

539 

2 

1  412 

3  783 

20  to  24  vears 

7  545 

1  939 

130 

563 

15 

1  648 

3  250 

25  to  29  vears  

7,294 

1,865 

137 

542 

18 

1  425 

3  307 

30  to  34  vears 

5  251 

1  378 

106 

389 

7 

1  105 

2  266 

35  to  44  vears  

7  665 

2  174 

200 

557 

16 

1  489 

3  229 

45  to  54  vears  

1  '.i'.'7 

1,497 

100 

302 

9 

982 

2  107 

55  to  64  vears  . 

2  958 

819 

57 

147 

606 

1  329 

65  vears  and  over  

1   sis 

490 

24 

65 

215 

1  054 

Colored  males  

39  231 

13  760 

863 

2  721 

60 

4  236 

17  591 

Under  10  years  .  . 

12  832 

12 

3 

5 

110 

12  702 

10  to  14  vears  

5,606 

1  486 

36 

161 

2 

409 

3  512 

15  to  19  vears  . 

3  720 

2  165 

106 

422 

2 

478 

547 

20  to  24  vears  

3  404 

1  936 

127 

461 

10 

736 

134 

25  to  29  vears  

3,230 

1,854 

134 

442 

15 

656 

129 

30  to  34  vears  .  .  . 

2  356 

1  370 

102 

313 

7 

492 

72 

35  to  44  vears  

3,563 

2  159 

190 

468 

16 

595 

135 

45  to  54  vears  

2,354 

1,485 

92 

262 

8 

385 

122 

55  to  64  vears 

1  363 

812 

54 

125 

277 

95 

65  vears  and  over  

803 

481 

19 

62 

98 

143 

Colored  females  

42  587 

77 

38 

579 

11 

5  900 

35  982 

Under  10  years  .  .  . 

12  694 

1 

1 

114 

1°  578 

10  to  14  years  

5,115 

6 

1 

30 

1 

621 

4  456 

15  to  19  years  

4,293 

5 

1 

117 

934 

3  236 

20  to  24  vears  

4  141 

3 

3 

102 

5 

912 

3  116 

25  to  29  vears  

4,064 

11 

3 

100 

3 

769 

3  178 

30  to  34  vears  

2,895 

8 

4 

76 

613 

2  194 

35  to  44  vears  .  . 

4,102 

15 

10 

89 

894 

3  094 

45  to  54  vears  

2,643 

12 

8 

40 

1 

597 

1  985 

55  to  64  vears 

1  595 

7 

3 

22 

329 

1  234 

05  vears  and  over  

1,045 

9 

5 

3 

117 

911 

314 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


TABLE  XXIV. — (irrtiirf  (frmips  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and  per- 
sonal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total  

111,986 

24,187 

2,126 

2,770 

220 

6,861 

75,832 

36,236 

5 

14 

2 

165 

36,050 

10  to  14  years                  .... 

14,780 

2,563 

144 

167 

715 

11,191 

15  to  19  years             

10,663 

3,295 

344 

496 

6 

1,119 

5,403 

''0  to  24  vears        

10,063 

3,367 

388 

497 

19 

1,058 

4,734 

26  to  29  years   

9,764 

3,322 

328 

386 

40 

1,026 

4,662 

30  to  34  vears  

7,364 

2,697 

242 

317 

25 

738 

3,345 

35  to  44  years           

10,357 

3,937 

359 

454 

60 

1,085 

4,462 

45  to  54  years        

6,677 

2,721 

183 

224 

38 

516 

2,995 

55  to  64  years     

3,879 

1,546 

93 

150 

17 

306 

1,767 

65  years  and  over  

2,203 

734 

31 

77 

15 

123 

1,223 

Total  males  

65,216 

23,869 

2,092 

2,156 

198 

2,841 

24,060 

Under  10  years 

18,  451 

2 

12 

2 

76 

18,359 

10  to  14  years                 .... 

7,765 

2,545 

141 

131 

294 

4,654 

16  to  19  years  

4,834 

3,260 

342 

353 

4 

3% 

479 

20  to  24  years        

4,631 

3,331 

384 

359 

12 

457 

88 

25  to  29  years  

4.430 

3,285 

326 

292 

36 

430 

61 

30  to  34  years  

3,558 

2,659 

239 

246 

23 

331 

60 

35  to  44  years            

5,231 

3,891 

352 

384 

56 

448 

100 

45  to  54  years        

3,332 

2,659 

175 

186 

36 

191 

85 

55  to  64  years  

1,966 

1,518 

91 

137 

17 

132 

71 

65  years  and  over  

1,018 

719 

30 

66 

14 

86 

103 

Total  females         

56,770 

318 

34 

614 

22 

4,010 

61,772 

Under  10  years             .  . 

17,785 

3 

2 

89 

17,  691 

10  to  14  years         

7,015 

18 

3 

36 

421 

6,537 

16  to  19  years  

6,829 

35 

2 

143 

2 

723 

4,924 

20  to  24  years  

6,432 

36 

4 

138 

7 

601 

4,646 

26  to  29  years           

5,334 

37 

2 

94 

4 

596 

4,601 

30  to  34  years         

3,806 

38 

3 

71 

2 

407 

3,285 

35  to  44  years  

5,126 

46 

7 

70 

4 

637 

4,362 

45  to  64  years  

3,345 

62 

8 

38 

2 

325 

2,910 

65  to  64  years           

1,913 

28 

2 

13 

174 

1,696 

65  vears  and  over  

1,185 

15 

1 

11 

1 

37 

1,120 

Total  native  white 

56,041 

12,238 

1,257 

1,249 

166 

2  423 

38  708 

Under  10  years  

17,793 

3 

4 

40 

17,  746 

10  to  14  years  

7,393 

1,187 

73 

79 

244 

.      5,  810 

15  to  19  years  

5,426 

1,567 

234 

245 

5 

473 

2,902 

20  to  24  years  

5,147 

1,706 

254 

223 

14 

402 

2  548 

25  to  29  years  

4,915 

1,729 

207 

181 

33 

364 

2,401 

30  to  34  years  

3,703 

1,331 

136 

146 

21 

317 

1,752 

35  to  44  years  

6,227 

2,078 

192 

201 

44 

340 

2,  372 

45  to  64  years  

3,331 

1,413 

91 

85 

27 

139 

1  576 

65  to  64  years  

1,967 

805 

43 

58 

11 

79 

971 

65  vears  and  over  

1,139 

419 

23 

31 

11 

25 

630 

Native  white  males  

27,619 

12,  052 

1,247 

861 

150 

1  246 

12  063 

Under  10  years  

9,039 

2 

3 

21 

9  013 

10  to  14  years  

3  876 

1,178 

72 

54 

118 

•>  -154 

15  to  19  years  

2  449 

1,544 

233 

154 

3 

213 

289 

20  to  24  years  

2,342 

1,685 

252 

147 

9 

210 

39 

25  to  29  years  

2,277 

1,701 

206 

118 

29 

187 

36 

30  to  34  years  

1,794 

1,312 

136 

101 

20 

194 

31 

35  to  44  years  

2,667 

2,049 

190 

153 

41 

172 

62 

45  to  64  years  

1,673 

1,380 

90 

62 

27 

66 

48 

65  to  64  years  

964 

792 

43 

50 

11 

31 

37 

65  years  and  over  

538 

409 

22 

22 

10 

21 

54 

Native  white  females  

28,422 

186 

10 

388 

16 

1  177 

26  645 

Under  10  years  

8,754 

1 

1 

19 

8  733 

10  to  14  years  

3,517 

9 

1 

25 

126 

3  356 

15  to  19  years  

2,977 

23 

1 

91 

2 

247 

2  613 

20  to  24  years  

2  805 

21 

2 

76 

5 

192 

2  509 

25  to  29  years  

2,638 

28 

1 

63 

4 

177 

2  365 

30  to  34  years  

1,909 

19 

45 

1 

123 

1  721 

35  to  44  years  

2  660 

29 

2 

48 

3 

168 

2  310 

45  to  54  yean  

1,658 

33 

1 

23 

73 

1  528 

65  to  64  years  

1,003 

13 

8 

48 

934 

65  vears  and  over  

601 

10 

1 

9 

1 

4 

676 

OCCUPATIONS. 


315 


TABLE  XXIV. — dm  ml  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and  per- 
sonal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total  foreign  white  

764 

149 

263 

85 

39 

73 

155 

Under  10  years  

24 

24 

10  to  14  years  

11 

1 

1 

9 

15  to  19  years 

43 

2 

32 

i 

1 

7 

20  to  24  vears      

71 

6 

43 

3 

3 

8 

8 

25  to  29  vears  

88 

5 

42 

10 

6 

9 

16 

30  to  34  years  

75 

12 

34 

7 

2 

6 

14 

35  to  44  vears  

194 

42 

60 

34 

11 

20 

27 

45  to  54  vears 

123 

42 

30 

13 

9 

17 

12 

55  to  64  years           

77 

27 

18 

9 

4 

7 

12 

58 

12 

3 

g 

4 

5 

26 

Foreign  white  males  

653 

149 

263 

83 

34 

71 

53 

Under  10  vears              .... 

13 

13 

10  to  14  years  

6 

1 

1 

4 

15  to  19  years 

38 

2 

32 

1 

i 

2 

20  to  24  years           

62 

6 

43 

3 

1 

7 

2 

25  to  29  years  

73 

5 

42 

9 

6 

9 

2 

30  to  34  years 

64 

12 

34 

7 

1 

6 

4 

35  to  44  vears  .            ...... 

174 

42 

60 

34 

10 

20 

8 

45  to  64  years  

114 

42 

30 

13 

8 

17 

4 

66  to  64  vears  

66 

27 

18 

9 

4 

6 

2 

65  vears  and  over  

43 

12 

3 

4 

5 

12 

Foreign  white  females 

111 

2 

5 

2 

101* 

Under  10  years  

11 

11 

10  to  14  vears         .  .      .... 

5 

5 

15  to  19  vears  

5 

5 

20  to  24  vears            .      .  . 

9 

2 

1 

6 

25  to  29  years       

15 

1 

14 

30  to  34  vears  

11 

1 

10 

35  to  44  vears  

20 

1 

19 

45  to  54  years              ...... 

9 

1 

8 

55  to  64  years     

11 

1 

10 

65  vears  and  over. 

15 

1 

14 

Total  colored 

55,181 

11  800 

606 

1  436 

15 

4  355 

36  969 

Under  10  vears  

18,  419 

2 

10 

2 

125 

18  280 

10  to  14  years  . 

7,376 

1,375 

70 

88 

471 

5  372 

15  to  19  years  

5,194 

1,726 

78 

250 

1 

645 

2  494 

20  to  24  vears 

4,845 

1  655 

91 

271 

2 

648 

2  178 

25  to  29  vears  

4,761 

1,588 

79 

195 

1 

653 

2  245 

30  to  34  years 

3,586 

1  354 

72 

164 

2 

415 

1  579 

35  to  44  vears 

4,936 

1,817 

107 

219 

5 

726 

2  063 

45  to  54  vears  

3,223 

1,266 

62 

126 

2 

360 

1  407 

55  to  64  vears 

1,835 

714 

32 

83 

•> 

220 

784 

65  years  and  over  

1,006 

303 

38 

93 

567 

Colored  males  

26,944 

11  668 

582 

1  212 

14 

1  524 

11  944 

Under  10  vears  

9  399 

9 

2 

55 

9  333 

10  to  14  years  

3,883 

1,366 

68 

77 

176 

2  196 

15  to  19  years   . 

2  347 

1  714 

77 

198 

1 

169 

'l88 

20  to  24  years  

2,227 

1  640 

89 

209 

2 

240 

47 

iri  to  29  years  

2,080 

1,579 

78 

165 

1 

234 

23 

30  to  34  years  

1.700 

1  335 

69 

138 

2 

131 

25 

35  to  44  years  

2,390 

1  800 

102 

197 

5 

256 

30 

45  to  54  vears  . 

1  545 

1  237 

55 

111 

1 

108 

33 

55  to  64  years  

936 

699 

30 

78 

2 

95 

32 

('•.">  \ears"  and  over  

437 

M 

5 

37 

60 

37 

Colored  females  

28,237 

132 

24 

224 

1 

2  831 

25  025 

Under  10  years  

9,020 

2 

1 

70 

8  947 

10  to  14  vears  

3,493 

9 

2 

11 

295 

3  176 

15  to  19  vears  

2,847 

12 

1 

52 

476 

2  306 

20  to  24  vears  

2,618 

15 

2 

62 

408 

2  131 

25  to  29  years  

2,681 

9 

1 

30 

419 

2  222 

30  to  34  vears  

1,886 

19 

3 

26 

284 

1  554 

35  to  44  years  

2,546 

17 

5 

22 

469 

2  033 

45  to  54  vears  

1,678 

29 

15 

1 

252 

1  374 

55  to  64  vears  

899 

15 

2 

5 

125 

752 

65  vears  and  over  

569 

5 

1 

33 

530 

316 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXIV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sea;,  race,  and  nativity— Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and  per- 
sonal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total  

88,501 

19,495 

1,986 

1,796 

198 

5,340 

59,686 

Under  10  vears     

27,  962 

9 

38 

1 

135 

27,  779 

10  to  14  years  

11,769 

1,940 

327 

54 

580 

8,868 

15  to  19  years  

8,298 

2,645 

248 

258 

7 

885 

4,255 

20  to  24  years 

7,664 

2,624 

282 

301 

23 

806 

3,628 

25  to  29  years            

7,463 

2,648 

262 

268 

22 

710 

3,553 

30  to  34  vears  

5,664 

2,123 

169 

200 

18 

571 

2,583 

35  to  44  vears  

8,390 

3,246 

300 

332 

52 

735 

3,725 

45  to  64  vears  

6,865 

2,219 

210 

230 

37 

535 

2.634 

65  to  64  vears 

3,371 

1,346 

94 

98 

27 

270 

1  536 

65  years  and  over.  ... 

2,055 

695 

56 

54 

12 

113 

1,125 

Total  males  

43,984 

19,344 

1,914 

1,484 

172 

1,801 

19.  269 

Under  10  years 

14  367 

6 

35 

71 

14  255 

10  to  14  vears  .      ... 

6  235 

1,929 

319 

41 

175 

3  771 

15  to  19  vears  

3,876 

2,633 

246 

999 

2 

293 

480 

20  to  24  years  

3,538 

2,617 

277 

242 

17 

288 

97 

25  to  29  years  

3,433 

2,637 

254 

214 

19 

219 

90 

30  to  34  years  

2,687 

2,113 

160 

152 

14 

190 

68 

35  to  44  years 

4,172 

3,214 

286 

279 

48 

220 

125 

45  to  54  years  . 

2,956 

2,186 

1% 

199 

33 

207 

134 

55  to  64  years  

1,736 

1,328 

87 

87 

27 

98 

109 

65  years  and  over  

985 

681 

54 

48 

12 

40 

150 

Total  females  

44,517 

151 

72 

312 

26 

3  539 

40  417 

Under  10  years  

13,595 

3 

3 

• 

64 

13,  524 

10  to  14  years  

5,534 

11 

8 

13 

405 

5,097 

15  to  19  years  

4,422 

12 

2 

36 

5 

592 

:;  775 

20  to  24  years  

4,126 

7 

5 

69 

6 

BU 

3  531 

25  to  29  years  

4,030 

11 

8 

64 

3 

491 

3,463 

30  to  34  years  

2,977 

10 

9 

48 

4 

381 

2,525 

35  to  44  vears  .  . 

4  218 

32 

14 

53 

4 

515 

3  600 

45  to  54  years  

2,910 

33 

14 

31 

4 

328 

2  500 

55  to  64  years  

1,635 

18 

7 

11 

172 

1  427 

65  vears  and  over  

1,070 

14 

2 

6 

73 

975 

Total  native  white 

40  246 

8  339 

1,204 

744 

140 

1  957 

27  862 

Under  10  vears  

12,  570 

4 

7 

1 

46 

1°  51  •' 

10  to  14  years  

5,346 

785 

161 

25 

198 

4  177 

15  to  19  years  

3,825 

1,098 

173 

108 

6 

333 

2  107 

20  to  24  years  

:;  :»i" 

1  135 

201 

121 

17 

285 

1  790 

25  to  29  years  

3,430 

1  151 

176 

114 

16 

297 

1  676 

30  to  34  vears  

2,635 

929 

108 

93 

14 

217 

1  274 

35  to  44  years  

3,865 

1,458 

175 

147 

39 

266 

1  781 

45  to  54  years  . 

2  574 

933 

115 

79 

26 

175 

1  246 

55  to  64  vears  .  . 

1  525 

570 

65 

34 

18 

94 

754 

65  years  and  over  

927 

276 

33 

22 

4 

47 

545 

Native  white  males  . 

19  846 

8  275 

1  182 

560 

122 

802 

8  905 

Under  10  years  

6  448 

2 

6 

26 

6  414 

10  to  14  years  

2,818 

776 

159 

19 

63 

1  801 

15  to  19  vears  ... 

1  750 

1  092 

173 

85 

2 

130 

268 

20  to  24  vears  

1  611 

1  133 

198 

89 

11 

120 

60 

25  to  29  years  

1,590 

1  147 

174 

83 

13 

122 

51 

30  to  34  years  

1,227 

925 

104 

64 

12 

86 

36 

35  to  44  years  

1  946 

1  447 

170 

111 

37 

103 

78 

45  to  54  years  

1,268 

919 

114 

66 

26 

77 

68 

55  to  64  years  

77  ' 

563 

53 

26 

]s 

50 

B3 

66  vears  and  over.  .  . 

416 

271 

31 

18 

4 

25 

67 

Native  white  females  

20,400 

64 

22 

184 

18 

1  155 

18  9o7 

Under  10  years  

6,122 

2 

1 

1 

20 

6  098 

10  to  14  years  

3  828 

9 

2 

6 

135 

2  376 

15  to  19  years  

2  075 

6 

23 

4 

203 

1  839 

20  to  24  vears  

1   '>:;-. 

2 

3 

32 

g 

165 

1  730 

25  to  29  years  

1  840 

4 

2 

31 

3 

175 

1  625 

30  to  34  vears.... 

1    los 

4 

4 

29 

2 

131 

1  238 

35  to  44  vears  

1  919 

11 

5 

36 

2 

162 

1  703 

45  to  54  vears 

1  306 

14 

1 

14 

1 

98 

1  178 

65  to  64  years  

753 

7 

2 

8 

44 

69'' 

66  years  and  over  

511 

5 

2 

4 

22 

478 

OCCUPATIONS. 


317 


TABLK  XXIV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO-— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and  per- 
sonal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total  foreign  white  

559 

71 

198 

38 

33 

56 

163 

19 

19 

8 

8 

15  to  19  years        

23 

3 

10 

2 

8 

20  to  24  years  

48 

3 

26 

2 

3 

4 

10 

25  to  29  vears 

59 

2 

30 

1 

3 

8 

15 

30  to  34  years                   .  .   . 

45 

4 

24 

3 

1 

2 

11 

35  to  44  years  

128 

16 

48 

13 

8 

16 

27 

126 

28 

38 

10 

7 

18 

25 

r>5  to  64  years 

57 

11 

13 

7 

6 

3 

17 

65  years  andoyer  

46 

4 

9 

2 

5 

3 

23 

Foreign  white  males 

449 

71 

197 

35 

30 

53 

63 

14 

14 

10  to  14  vears 

5 

5 

15  to  19  vears     

15 

3 

10 

1 

1 

20  to  24  years  

40 

3 

26 

2 

3 

4 

2 

25  to  29  vears 

47 

2 

30 

1 

3 

8 

3 

30  to  34  years                   .  . 

34 

4 

23 

3 

2 

2 

35  to  44  vears    

108 

16 

48 

13 

7 

14 

10 

45  to  54  years  

112 

28 

38 

8 

6 

18 

14 

55  to  64  years 

40 

11 

13 

6 

6 

3 

1 

65  years  and  over  

34 

4 

9 

2 

5 

3 

11 

Foreign  white  females         

110 

1 

3 

3 

3 

100 

Under  10  years 

5 

5 

10  to  14  years 

3 

3 

15  to  19  vears  

8 

1 

7 

20  to  24  years 

8 

8 

''5  to  29  years 

12 

.12 

30  to  34  vears 

11 

1 

1 

9 

35  to  44  vears  

20 

1 

2 

17 

14 

2 

1 

11 

55  to  64  years               ...  . 

17 

1 

16 

65  vears  and  over  

12 

12 

Total  colored  

47,696 

11,085 

584 

1,014 

25 

3,327 

31,661 

Under  10  years  .  . 

15,  373 

5 

31 

89 

15,248 

10  to  14  vears  

6,415 

1,155 

166 

29 

382 

4,683 

15  to  19  years 

4,450 

1,544 

65 

150 

1 

550 

2,140 

20  to  24  years     .       .  . 

4,067 

1,486 

55 

178 

3 

517 

1,828 

25  to  29  years  

3,974 

1,495 

56 

153 

3 

405 

1,862 

30  to  34  vears 

2,984 

1,190 

37 

104 

3 

352 

1,298 

35  to  44  years  .  .  . 

4,397 

1,772 

77 

172 

5 

454 

1,917 

45  to  54  years  

3,165 

1,258 

57 

141 

4 

342 

1,363 

55  to  64  years 

1,789 

765 

26 

87 

3 

173 

765 

(>5  years  and  over 

1,082 

415 

14 

30 

3 

63 

557 

Colored  males  .  . 

23,689 

10,998 

535 

889 

20 

946 

10,301 

Under  10  vears 

7,905 

4 

29 

45 

7,827 

10  to  14  years  

3,412 

1,153 

160 

22 

112 

1,965 

15  to  19  years 

2  111 

1  538 

63 

137 

162 

211 

20  to  24  years  . 

1,887 

1,481 

53 

151 

3 

164 

35 

25  to  29  years  

1,796 

1,488 

50 

130 

3 

89 

36 

30  to  34  years 

1  426 

1  184 

33 

85 

2 

102 

20 

35  to  44  years  .  . 

2,118 

1,751 

68 

155 

4 

103 

37 

l.i  ti  i  54  years  

1,575 

1,239 

44 

126 

2 

112 

52 

55  to  64  years 

924 

754 

21 

55 

3 

45 

46 

115  years  and  over 

535 

406 

14 

28 

3 

12 

72 

f'nlnrprl  fpmalps 

24,007 

87 

49 

125 

5 

2,381 

21,360 

Under  10  vears 

7,468 

1 

2 

44 

7,421 

10  to  14  vears  

3,003 

2 

6 

7 

270 

2,718 

15  to  19  years  

2,339 

6 

2 

13 

1 

388 

1,929 

20  to  24  vears  . 

2  180 

5 

2 

27 

353 

1,793 

25  to  29  vears  . 

2,178 

7 

6 

2;> 

316 

1,826 

30  to  34  vears  

1,558 

6 

4 

19 

1 

250 

1,278 

35  to  44  vea  rs 

2  279 

21 

9 

17 

1 

351 

1,880 

45  to«54  vears 

1,590 

19 

13 

15 

2 

230 

1,311 

55  to  64  vears  

865 

11 

;l 

9 

128 

719 

65  years  and  over 

547 

9 

2 

51 

485 

318 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXIV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and  per- 
sonal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total        

127,566 

26,480 

4,967 

4,556 

354 

8,331 

82,  878 

Under  10  years           

36,514 

37 

92 

17 

225 

36  143 

10  to  14  years  

16,288 

1,705 

428 

226 

1 

719 

13,209 

15  to  19  years  

13,106 

3,809 

787 

851 

14 

1,375 

6,270 

20  to  24  years  

12,146 

3,918 

8% 

883 

29 

1,195 

5,225 

25  to  29  years              .... 

11,078 

3,513 

718 

637 

54 

1,085 

6  071 

30  to  34  years           

9,001 

3,074 

566 

513 

48 

913 

3  887 

35  to  44  years           

13,029 

4,708 

783 

725 

82 

1,332 

5  399 

45  to  54  years  

8,493 

3,045 

432 

397 

57 

854 

3  708 

65  to  64  years  

4,928 

1,726 

186 

212 

48 

430 

2  326 

65  years  and  over 

2,983 

945 

79 

95 

21 

203 

1  640 

Total  males 

62,750 

26,126 

4,183 

3,152 

298 

2,785 

26  206 

Under  10  years  

18,581 

34 

61 

6 

93 

18  387 

10  to  14  years  .  

8,490 

1,678 

290 

131 

1 

1% 

6  194 

15  to  19  years  

6,003 

3,752 

593 

480 

10 

379 

789 

20  to  24  years 

5,744 

3,884 

769 

577 

20 

334 

160 

25  to  29  vears  

5,071 

3,482 

633 

418 

42 

400 

% 

30  to  34  years  

4,405 

3,042 

517 

382 

41 

350 

73 

35  to  44  years  

6,571 

4,650 

702 

559 

re 

480 

104 

45  to  54  years  

4,163 

2,990 

383 

318 

48 

287 

127 

55  to  64  years  

2,352 

1,694 

163 

190 

41 

161 

103 

65  years  and  over. 

1,380 

920 

72 

91 

19 

105 

173 

Total  females  

64,816 

354 

784 

1,404 

56 

5,546 

56  672 

Under  10  years 

17  933 

3 

31 

11 

132 

17  756 

10  to  14  years 

7,798 

27 

138 

96 

623 

7  015 

15  to  19  years     

7,103 

57 

194 

371 

4 

9% 

r>  ixi 

20  to  24  years  

6,402 

34 

127 

306 

9 

861 

5  065 

25  to  29  years  

6,007 

31 

85 

219 

12 

685 

4,975 

30  to  34  years  

4,596 

32 

49 

131 

7 

563 

3  814 

36  to  44  years  .          .... 

6,468 

68 

81 

166 

6 

852 

6  295 

45  to  54  years  

4,340 

55 

49 

79 

9 

567 

3  581 

55  to  64  years  

2,576 

32 

23 

22 

7 

269 

2  223 

65  years  and  over  

1,603 

25 

7 

4 

2 

98 

1,467 

Total  native  white 

80  564 

16,888 

3,435 

2,568 

251 

3,809 

53  613 

Under  10  years  

23,149 

15 

28 

17 

71 

23  018 

10  to  14  years  

10,257 

989 

249 

153 

323 

8  M3 

15  to  19  years  

8,335 

2,417 

688 

498 

11 

650 

4  171 

20  to  24  years  

7,736 

2,558 

660 

484 

16 

551 

3,467 

25  to  29  years  

7,108 

2,269 

521 

376 

39 

633 

3,370 

30  to  34  years  

5,760 

1,998 

399 

279 

37 

468 

2,579 

35  to  44  years  

8,209 

3,053 

519 

398 

66 

TAO 

3,  593 

45  to  54  years  

5,221 

1,920 

289 

213 

36 

376 

2  387 

55  to  64  years  

2,976 

1,065 

126 

106 

33 

175 

1,471 

66  years  and  over  

1,813 

604 

66 

44 

13 

82 

1,014 

Native  white  males  

39,625 

16,684 

2,818 

1,526 

214 

1,503 

16  880 

Under  10  years  

11,754 

13 

14 

6 

35 

11,686 

10  to  14  years 

6,318 

974 

143 

76 

89 

4  036 

15  to  19  years  .... 

3,825 

2,379 

434 

224 

8 

212 

668 

20  to  24  years  

3,670 

2,537 

560 

273 

11 

166 

123 

25  to  29  vears  

3,236 

2,245 

449 

205 

30 

241 

66 

30  to  34  years 

"  v>0 

1,981 

363 

184 

32 

211 

49 

35  to  44  years  .    . 

4,136 

3,021 

448 

275 

62 

250 

80 

45  to  54  years  

2,586 

1,895 

261 

163 

32 

166 

89 

55  to  64  years  

1,426 

1,049 

106 

90 

28 

81 

71 

65  years  and  over 

855 

590 

50 

40 

11 

52 

112 

Native  white  females  

40,939 

204 

617 

1,042 

37 

2.306 

36,733 

Under  10  years  .     

11,395 

2 

14 

11 

36 

11,332 

10  to  14  years  

4,939 

15 

106 

77 

2ft 

4,507 

15  to  19  years  

4,510 

38 

154 

274 

3 

438 

3,603 

20  to  24  years  

4,066 

21 

100 

211 

5 

385 

3,344 

25  to  29  years   

3,872 

24 

72 

in 

9 

292 

3,304 

30  to  34  years  

2,940 

17 

36 

95 

5 

267 

2,630 

35  to  44  years  

4,073 

32 

71 

123 

4 

330 

3,  513 

46  to  64  years  ... 

2  635 

25 

38 

60 

4 

•210 

2,298 

55  to  64  years  

1,551 

16 

20 

16 

5 

94 

1,400 

65  years'and  over  

958 

14 

6 

4 

2 

30 

902 

OCCUPATIONS.  319 

TABLE  XXIV — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
acturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and  per- 
sonal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total  foreign  white  

1,480 

265 

443 

127 

74 

142 

429 

Under  10  years          ....... 

66 

66 

10  to  14  years  

33 

33 

15  to  19  years  

82 

4 

39 

5 

2 

9 

23 

''O  to  24  vears        

129 

4 

74 

8 

9 

13 

21 

25  to  29  years  

185 

25 

67 

21 

7 

31 

34 

30  to  34  years  

188 

29 

66 

15 

9 

24 

45 

35  to  44  years  

309 

61 

104 

32 

12 

32 

68 

45  to  54  years  

250 

70 

67 

24 

18 

20 

61 

55  to  64  years  

138 

40 

27 

15 

10 

10 

36 

65  years  and  over  

100 

32 

9 

7 

7 

3 

42 

Foreign  white  males 

1,099 

263 

438 

123 

67 

118 

100 

Under  10  years 

37 

37 

10  to  14  years                  

19 

19 

15  to  19  years  

60 

3 

39 

4 

1 

7 

6 

20  to  24  years 

101 

4 

74 

g 

5 

10 

25  to  29  years             

147 

25 

66 

21 

6 

26 

3 

30  to  34  years    

134 

29 

63 

13 

7 

20 

2 

35  to  44  years                   ... 

238 

60 

103 

31 

10 

27 

7 

45  to  54  years            

190 

70 

57 

24 

13 

17 

9 

55  to  64  years  

102 

40 

27 

15 

8 

8 

4 

65  years  and  over        ..... 

71 

32 

9 

7 

7 

3 

13 

381 

2 

5 

4 

17 

24 

329 

Under  10  years  

29 

29 

10  to  14  years  

14 

14 

15  to  19  vears          

22 

1 

1 

1 

2 

17 

20  to  24  years  

28 

4 

3 

21 

25  to  29  years  

38 

1 

1 

6 

31 

30  to  34  years            

54 

3 

2 

2 

4 

43 

35  to  44  years  

71 

•     1 

1 

1 

2 

5 

61 

45  to  54  years  

60 

5 

3 

62 

55  to  64  years          

36 

2 

2 

32 

65  years  and  over  

29 

29 

Total  colored  

45,522 

9,327 

1  089 

1  861 

29 

4,380 

•>S  836 

Under  10  years  

13,299 

22 

64 

154 

13  059 

10  to  14  years   

5,998 

716 

179 

73 

1 

3% 

4  633 

15  to  19  vears  

4,689 

1,388 

160 

348 

1 

716 

2  076 

20  to  24  years 

4,281 

1  356 

162 

391 

4 

631 

1  737 

25  to  29  years  

3,785 

1  219 

130 

240 

g 

521 

1  667 

30  to  34  vears 

3  053 

1  047 

101 

219 

2 

421 

1  263 

35  to  44  years  

4,511 

1  594 

160 

295 

4 

720 

1  738 

45  to  54  years  

3,022 

1,055 

86 

160 

3 

458 

1  260 

1  814 

621 

33 

91 

5 

245 

819 

65  years  and  over  

1,070 

309 

14 

44 

1 

118 

BM 

Colored  males  

22  026 

9  179 

927 

1  503 

27 

1  164 

9  226 

Under  10  years  

6,790 

21 

47 

58 

6  664 

10  to  14  vears  

3,153 

704 

147 

55 

1 

107 

2  139 

15  to  19  years  . 

2  118 

1  370 

120 

252 

1 

160 

215 

20  to  24  years  

1,973 

1  343 

135 

296 

4 

158 

37 

25  to  29  years  

1,688 

1,212 

118 

192 

6 

133 

27 

30  to  34  vears  

1  451 

1  032 

91 

185 

2 

119 

22 

35  to  44  years  

2,197 

1  569 

151 

253 

4 

203 

17 

45  to  54  years  

1,377 

1,025 

75 

141 

3 

104 

29 

55  to  64  years  

825 

605 

30 

85 

5 

72 

28 

65  vears  and  over  

454 

298 

13 

44 

1 

50 

48 

Colored  females  

23,496 

148 

162 

358 

2 

3  216 

19  610 

Under  10  years  

6,509 

1 

17 

96 

6  395 

10  to  14  years  

2,845 

12 

32 

18 

289 

2  494 

15  to  19  years  

2  571 

18 

40 

96 

556 

1  861 

20  to  24  years  

2,308 

13 

'    27 

95 

473 

1  700 

25  to  29  years  

2  097 

7 

12 

48 

2 

388 

1  640 

30  to  34  years  

1  602 

15 

10 

34 

302 

1  241 

35  to  44  years  

2,314 

25 

9 

42 

517 

1  721 

45  to  54  vears  

1  645 

30 

11 

19 

354 

1  231 

55  to  64  vears  

989 

16 

3 

6 

173 

791 

65  years  and  over  

616 

11 

1 

68 

536 

320 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


TABLE  XXIV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and  per- 
sonal 
service. 

Without 

gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total  

203,191 

42,562 

5,797 

6,638 

418 

14,388 

133,388 

Under  10  years  -  

61,290 

11 

3 

6 

272 

60,998 

10  to  14  veais 

26,442 

4,160 

169 

279 

1,419 

20,  415 

15  to  19  years                

20,015 

5,861 

815 

1,026 

15 

2,298 

10,000 

20  to  24  years     

19.892 

6,622 

1,082 

1,194 

46 

2,281 

8,767 

25  to  29  vears     

18,792 

6,234 

1,017 

1,117 

55 

2,010 

8,359 

30  to  34  rears  

13,  731 

4,484 

790 

803 

69 

1,648 

5,937 

35  to  44  years  

19,505 

6,859 

1,063 

1,155 

107 

2,143 

8,178 

45  to  54  years 

12,  821 

4  739 

520 

655 

69 

1  275 

5  563 

55  to  64  years            

6,760 

2,464 

242 

285 

40 

690 

3  039 

65  years  and  over  

3,943 

1,228 

96 

118 

17 

352 

2,132 

Total  males           

101,  957 

42,229 

5,  no 

5,087 

360 

6,242 

42,329 

31  307 

g 

2 

5 

142 

31  150 

10  to  14  years 

13  847 

4  141 

166 

237 

611 

8  692 

15  to  19  years     

9,339 

6,844 

810 

693 

Q 

986 

997 

20  to  24  years        

9,656 

6,493 

1,071 

886 

28 

912 

266 

25  to  29  years  

9,149 

6,200 

1,010 

820 

44 

863 

212 

30  to  34  vears  

6,828 

4,456 

780 

601 

63 

778 

150 

35  to  44  years  

10,000 

6,786 

1,044 

931 

104 

890 

245 

45  to  54  years             .     ... 

6  491 

4  671 

502 

556 

61 

485 

216 

55  to  64  years        

3,477 

2  422 

234 

248 

36 

363 

174 

65  years  and  over  

1,863 

1  208 

91 

110 

15 

212 

227 

Total  females  

101,234 

333 

87 

1,551 

58 

8,146 

91.059 

Under  10  years         

29  983 

3 

1 

1 

130 

29  848 

10  to  14  years   

12,  595 

19 

3 

42 

808 

11,723 

15  to  19  vears  

10,  676 

17 

5 

333 

6 

1,312 

9,003 

20  to  24  vears 

10  236 

29 

11 

308 

18 

1,369 

8  501 

25  to  29  years 

9  643 

34 

7 

297 

11 

1,147 

8  147 

30  to  34  years        

6,903 

28 

10 

202 

6 

870 

5,787 

35  to  44  vears  

9,505 

73 

19 

224 

3 

1,253 

7,933 

45  to  54  years  

6,330 

68 

18 

99 

8 

no 

5,347 

55  to  64  years 

3  283 

42 

8 

37 

4 

327 

2  865 

65  years  and  over 

2  080 

20 

5 

| 

2 

140 

1  905 

Total  native  white    

118,  784 

25  045 

3  858 

3,102 

278 

6,157 

80,344 

Under  10  years  

36,312 

6 

2 

3 

134 

36,167 

10  to  14  years 

15  464 

2  393 

120 

114 

682 

12  155 

15  to  19  years 

11  964 

3  434 

618 

467 

12 

1,081 

6,352 

20  to  24  years        

11  801 

3,865 

786 

569 

30 

1,034 

5,517 

25  to  29  years    

10,990 

3,751 

689 

525 

30 

852 

5,143 

30  to  34  years  

8,014 

2,733 

525 

381 

40 

710 

3,625 

35  to  44  years 

11  033 

4  044 

630 

538 

84 

782 

4  955 

45  to  54  vears 

7  108 

2  659 

292 

306 

47 

472 

3  332 

55  to  64  years  

3,839 

1,408 

139 

147 

22 

299 

1,824 

65  vears  and  over  

2,259 

752 

57 

52 

13 

111 

1,274 

Native  white  males 

59  282 

24  858 

3  827 

2,290 

245 

2  913 

25  149 

Under  10  years       .  .        ... 

18  454 

5 

•2 

3 

76 

18,368 

10  to  14  years  

8,080 

2,386 

119 

94 

326 

5,155 

15  to  19  years  

5,517 

3,426 

616 

296 

8 

499 

672 

20  to  24  years  

5,689 

3,853 

779 

404 

21 

430 

202 

25  to  29  years        

5,330 

3,730 

685 

373 

26 

377 

140 

30  to  34  years     

4,042 

2,718 

522 

282 

36 

384 

100 

35  to  44  years  

5,627 

4,002 

623 

412 

82 

358 

150 

45  to  54  vears  

3,545 

2,620 

288 

258 

41 

209 

UB 

55  to  64  vears           

1,931 

1,380 

136 

120 

21 

180 

94 

(io  vears  and  over  

1,067 

738 

67 

48 

11 

74 

139 

Native  white  females.   . 

59  502 

187 

31 

812 

33 

3,244 

55,195 

Under  10  years  

17,858 

1 

58 

17,799 

10  to  14  years  

7,384 

7 

1 

20 

356 

7,000 

15  to  19  years     

6,447 

8 

2 

171 

4 

582 

ft,  680 

20  to  24  years        ., 

6  112 

12 

7 

165 

9 

604 

5,315 

25  to  29  vears 

5  660 

21 

4 

152 

5 

475 

5,003 

30  to  34  years     

3,972 

15 

3 

99 

4 

326 

3,  525 

35  to  44  years  

5,406 

42 

7 

126 

2 

424 

4,805 

45  to  54  years  

3,563 

39 

4 

48 

6 

263 

3,203 

55  to  64  years  

1,908 

28 

3 

27 

1 

119 

1,730 

65  years  and  over 

1  192 

14 

4 

•> 

37 

1,135 

OCCUPATIONS. 


321 


TABLE  XXIV. — Grand  (jnmps  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and  per- 
sonal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total  foreign  white  

2,403 

340 

746 

234 

101 

406 

577 

Under  10  years  

66 

66 

10  to  14  years  

54 

6 

3 

45 

15  to  19  years  

119 

4 

63 

7 

2 

24 

29 

20  to  24  years  

262 

14 

103 

23 

11 

59 

52 

25  to  29  years  

342 

27 

131 

41 

15 

71 

67 

30  to  34  years  

337 

39 

114 

33 

22 

73 

66 

35  to  44  years  . 

512 

% 

158 

67 

13 

87 

91 

45  to  54  years  

390 

78 

117 

39 

17 

59 

80 

55  to  64  years  

207 

62 

46 

17 

17 

20 

66 

65  years  and  over  

114 

30 

17 

7 

4 

10 

46 

Foreign  white  males  

1,886 

338 

739 

221 

79 

380 

129 

Under  10  years  

31 

31 

10  to  14  years  

28 

6 

3 

19 

15  to  19  years  . 

93 

4 

53 

7 

23 

6 

20  to  24  years  

199 

14 

103 

21 

3 

56 

3 

25  to  29  years  

276 

27 

130 

37 

11 

67 

4 

30  to  34  years  

275 

39 

113 

31 

20 

70 

2 

35  to  44  years  

425 

96 

157 

64 

12 

82 

15 

45  to  54  years  

318 

77 

114 

38 

15 

66 

19 

65  to  64  years  .  . 

162 

62 

46 

17 

14 

17 

16 

65  years  and  over  

79 

30 

17 

6 

4 

8 

1  1 

Foreign  white  females  .  . 

517 

2 

6 

13 

22 

26 

Under  10  years  

35 

Si 

10  to  14  years  

26 

26 

15  to  19  vears  

26 

2 

1 

23 

20  to  24  years  

63 

2 

8 

4 

49 

25  to  29  years  .  . 

66 

1 

4 

4 

4 

53 

30  to  34  years  

62 

1 

2 

2 

3 

54 

35  to  44  years  

87 

-1 

1 

3 

1 

5 

76 

45  to  54  years  

72 

1 

3 

1 

2 

4 

61 

55  to  64  years  

45 

3 

3 

39 

65  years  and  over 

3d 

1 

2 

32 

Total  colored... 

82  004 

17  177 

1  194 

3  302 

39 

7  825 

52  467 

Under  10  years. 

24,  912 

5 

1 

3 

138 

24,765 

10  to  14  years.. 

10,924 

1  767 

43 

165 

734 

8  215 

15  to  19  vears  

7,932 

2,423 

144 

552 

1 

1,193 

3  619 

20  to  24  years  

7,829 

2,643 

193 

602 

5 

1,188 

3,198 

25  to  29  years  

7,460 

2,456 

197 

551 

10 

1,087 

3,159 

30  to  34  vears  

5,380 

1  712 

151 

389 

7 

865 

2,256 

35  to  44  years...  . 

7  960 

2  719 

275 

550 

10 

1  274 

3  132 

46  to  54  years  

5,323 

2  002 

111 

310 

5 

744 

2  151 

65  to  64  years  

2,714 

1  004 

57 

121 

1 

371 

1,160 

65  years  and  over.  . 

1  570 

446 

22 

69 

231 

812 

Colored  males  

40,  789 

17,  033 

1,144 

2,576 

36 

2,949 

17,  051 

Under  10  years  

12,822 

3 

2 

66 

12,  751 

10  to  14  years  

5  739 

1  755 

41 

143 

282 

3  518 

15  to  19  years  

3,729 

2,414 

141 

390 

1 

464 

319 

20  to  24  vears  

3,768 

2  626 

189 

461 

4 

427 

61 

25  to  29  years  

3,543 

2,443 

195 

410 

8 

419 

68 

30  to  34  vears  

2  511 

1  699 

145 

288 

7 

324 

48 

35  to  H  vi'atx  

3,948 

2  689 

264 

455 

10 

450 

80 

In  to  •>!  vears  

2  628 

1  974 

100 

260 

6 

221 

68 

55  to  64  years  

1,384 

990 

62 

111 

1 

166 

64 

65  vears  and  over 

717 

440 

17 

56 

130 

74 

Colored  females  

41,  215 

144 

50 

726 

3 

4,876 

a5,  416 

Tinder  10  vears  

12  090 

2 

1 

1 

72 

12,014 

10  to  14  vears 

5  185 

12 

2 

22 

452 

4  697 

15  to  19  vears  

4  203 

9 

3 

162 

729 

3,300 

20  to  24  vears  

4,061 

17 

4 

141 

1 

761 

3,137 

2Sto29yean 

3  917 

13 

2 

141 

2 

668 

3  091 

30  to  34  vears  

2  869 

13 

6 

101 

541 

2,208 

35  to  44  vears 

4  012 

30 

11 

95 

824 

3  052 

45  to  54  vears 

2  695 

28 

11 

50 

523 

2  083 

55  to  64  vears.. 

1,330 

14 

5 

10 

205 

1,090 

65  vears  and  over 

853 

6 

5 

3 

101 

738 

8490—00 


322 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXIV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  nex,  race,  and  natirit;/ — Continued. 

CITY  OF  PONCE. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and  per- 
sonal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total                         

27,952 

523 

2,731 

3,581 

183 

5,898 

15,036 

Under  10  years 

5,974 

•2 

3 

37 

5,932 

10  to  14  years  .  . 

3,122 

17 

71 

171 

358 

2,505 

15  to  19  years        

3,172 

66 

388 

621 

7 

845 

1,245 

20  to  24  years  

3,423 

80 

493 

657 

20 

1,026 

1,147 

26  to  29  years 

3,136 

97 

466 

635 

28 

907 

1.003 

30  to  34  years 

2,317 

51 

387 

453 

33 

678 

715 

35  to  44  years         

3,194 

93 

4% 

575 

45 

984 

1,001 

45  to  54  years  

1,995 

67 

266 

297 

28 

612 

725 

55  to  64  years  

1,094 

40 

132 

129 

19 

320 

454 

65  years  and  over 

525 

12 

30 

40 

3 

131 

309 

Total  males  ....             

13,  197 

517 

2,674 

2,538 

157 

2,750 

4,561 

Under  10  years 

3  014 

2 

3 

17 

2  992 

10  to  14  years 

1,533 

17 

70 

140 

175 

1,131 

15  to  19  years           

1,428 

66 

385 

411 

3 

425 

138 

20  to  24  years  

1,595 

79 

486 

463 

10 

514 

43 

25  to  29  years  

1,618 

93 

462 

428 

23 

469 

43 

30  to  34  years 

1  089 

51 

381 

314 

32 

282 

29 

35  to  44  years 

1  511 

93 

484 

414 

43 

422 

55 

45  to  54  vears            

863 

66 

252 

225 

25 

241 

54 

65  to  64  years  

470 

40 

124 

104 

18 

137 

47 

65  years  and  over 

176 

12 

28 

36 

3 

68 

29 

14  755 

6 

67 

1  043 

26 

3  148 

10  475 

Under  10  years 

2  960 

20 

2  940 

10  to  14  years 

1,589 

1 

31 

183 

1  374 

15  to  19  years  

1,744 

3 

210 

4 

420 

1,107 

20  to  24  years  

1,828 

1 

7 

194 

10 

512 

1,104 

25  to  29  years 

1  618 

4 

4 

207 

5 

438 

960 

30  to  34  years  . 

1  228 

6 

139 

1 

3% 

686 

35  to  44  years  

1,683 

12 

161 

2 

562 

946 

45  to  54  years  

1,132 

1 

14 

72 

3 

371 

671 

55  to  64  years 

624 

8 

25 

1 

183 

407 

65  years  and  over.  . 

349 

2 

4 

63 

280 

Total  native  white  

14,268 

201 

1,676 

1,549 

110 

2,089 

8,643 

Under  10  years  

3,301 

2 

2 

13 

3  284 

10  to  14  years  

1,689 

2 

47 

65 

149 

1,426 

15  to  19  years 

1  697 

27 

298 

264 

6 

316 

787 

20  to  24  years  .  .  . 

1  757 

34 

338 

287 

11 

382 

705 

25  to  29  years  

1  626 

32 

288 

278 

13 

336 

579 

30  to  34  years  

1,107 

21 

229 

193 

17 

231 

416 

35  to  44  years 

1  535 

37 

259 

252 

35 

336 

616 

45  to  54  years  

915 

26 

134 

130 

18 

1% 

411 

55  to  64  years  

513 

17 

65 

61 

8 

103 

259 

65  years  and  over  

228 

5 

16 

17 

2 

28 

160 

Native  white  males  

6  764 

200 

1  658 

1,047 

% 

1  202 

2  561 

Under  10  years  

1,665 

2 

2 

6 

1,655 

10  to  14  years  .  .  . 

850 

2 

47 

87 

659 

15  to  19  years  

783 

27 

297 

178 

3 

193 

85 

20  to  24  years 

825 

34 

333 

190 

5 

234 

29 

25  to  29  years 

734 

32 

286 

177 

12 

203 

24 

30  to  34  years  

530 

21 

228 

128 

17 

118 

18 

35  to  44  years 

699 

37 

256 

162 

34 

179 

31 

45  to  54  years 

402 

25 

131 

98 

15 

110 

23 

55  to  64  years  

205 

17 

62 

42 

8 

51 

25 

65  years  and  over 

71 

5 

16 

15 

2 

"1 

12 

Native  white  females  

7  504 

1 

18 

502 

14 

887 

6  082 

Under  10  years  

1,636 

7 

1,629 

10  to  14  years  

839 

10 

62 

767 

15  to  19  years  

914 

1 

86 

3 

122 

V02 

20  to  24  years  ,  

932 

5 

97 

6 

148 

676 

25  to  29  years  

792 

2 

101 

1 

133 

555 

30  to  34  vears  

577 

1 

65 

113 

398 

35  to  44  vears 

836 

3 

90 

1 

157 

585 

45  to  54  vciir*           

513 

1 

3 

32 

3 

86 

388 

55  to  64  yours  

308 

3 

19 

52 

234 

65  years  and  over  

157 

2 

7 

14S 

OCCUPATIONS. 


323 


TABLE  XXIV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  PONCE— Continued. 


Age  period  . 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and  per- 
sonal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total  foreign  white      

1,182 

43 

459 

144 

54 

109 

373 

Under  10  years          

51 

51 

37 

5 

i 

31 

15  to  19  vears 

62 

1 

27 

7 

1 

6 

20 

iO  to  24  years            

130 

1 

61 

16 

6 

13 

33 

25  to  29  years  

169 

6 

76 

25 

9 

17 

36 

30  to  34  years 

161 

4 

71 

19 

13 

18 

36 

35  to  44  years        

251 

11 

107 

39 

6 

29 

59 

172 

10 

71 

23 

g 

13 

47 

55  to  64  years 

106 

9 

34 

11 

10 

8 

34 

65  years  and  over  

43 

1 

7 

4 

1 

4 

26 

Foreign  white  males 

847 

43 

454 

138 

44 

87 

81 

Under  10  years 

22 

22 

10  to  14  vears 

19 

5 

1 

13 

15  to  19  years  

45 

1 

27 

7 

5 

5 

20  to  24  years 

91 

1 

61 

15 

2 

10 

2 

25  to  29  years 

128 

6 

75 

25 

7 

14 

1 

30  to  34  years 

120 

4 

70 

19 

12 

15 

35  to  44  years 

189 

11 

106 

36 

5 

24 

7 

45  to  54  years            .     ... 

132 

10 

69 

22 

8 

11 

12 

55  to  64  years  

78 

9 

34 

11 

9 

5 

10 

65  years  and  over 

23 

1 

7 

3 

1 

2 

9 

Foreign  white  females 

335 

5 

6 

10 

22 

292 

Under  10  years  

29 

29 

10  to  14  years 

18 

18 

15  to  19  years           

17 

1 

1 

15 

20  to  24  years  

39 

1 

4 

3 

31 

25  to  29  years 

41 

1 

2 

3 

35 

30  to  34  years  

41 

1 

1 

3 

'36 

35  to  44  years  

62 

1 

3 

1 

5 

52 

45  to  54  years 

40 

2 

1 

2 

35 

55  to  64  years  

28 

1 

3 

24 

65  vears  and  over  

20 

1 

2 

17 

Total  colored  

12,502 

279 

5% 

1,888 

19 

3,700 

6,020 

Under  10  vears  

2,622 

1 

24 

2  597 

10  to  14  vears  

1  396 

15 

19 

106 

208 

1  048 

15  to  19  vears  

1  413 

38 

63 

350 

524 

438 

20  to  24  vears  

1,536 

45 

94 

354 

3 

631 

409 

25  to  29  vears  

1  441 

59 

102 

332 

6 

554 

388 

30  to  34  vears  

1,049 

26 

87 

241 

3 

429 

263 

35  to  44  vears  

1  408 

45 

130 

284 

4 

619 

326 

45  to  54  years  

908 

31 

61 

144 

2 

403 

267 

55  to  64  vears  

475 

14 

33 

57 

1 

209 

161 

65  years  and  over.  .  .     . 

254 

6 

7 

19 

99 

123 

Colored  males  

5  586 

274 

562 

1  353 

17 

1  461 

1  919 

Under  10  years  

1,327 

1 

11 

1  315 

10  to  14  vears  

664 

15 

18 

85 

87 

459 

15  to  19  vears  

600 

38 

61 

226 

227 

48 

20  to  24  years  

679 

44 

92 

258 

3 

270 

12 

25  to  29  years  

656 

55 

101 

226 

4 

252 

18 

30  to  34  years  

439 

26 

83 

167 

3 

149 

11 

35  to  44  years  

623 

45 

122 

216 

4 

219 

17 

45  to  54  vears  

329 

31 

52 

105 

o 

120 

19 

55  to  64  years  

187 

14 

28 

51 

1 

81 

12 

65  vears  and  over  

82 

6 

5 

18 

45 

g 

Colored  females  

6  916 

34 

535 

2 

2  239 

4  101 

Under  10  years  

1  295 

13 

1  282 

10  to  14  years  

732 

1 

21 

121 

589 

15  to  19  vears  

813 

2 

124 

297 

390 

20  to  24  years  

857 

1 

2 

96 

361 

397 

25  to  29  years  

785 

4 

1 

106 

2 

302 

370 

30  to  34  years  

610 

4 

74 

280 

252 

35  to  44  years  

785 

$ 

68 

400 

309 

45  to  54  vears  

579 

9 

39 

283 

248 

55  to  64  vears  

288 

6 

128 

149 

65  vears  and  over  

172 

2 

1 

54 

115 

324 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXIV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  race,  n/id  mitirity — Continued. 

CITY  OF  SAN  JUAN. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and  per- 
sonal 
service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total                     

32,048 

198 

2,710 

3,304 

428 

7,387 

18  021 

Under  10  years         .  . 

6,610 

2 

2 

100 

6  506 

10  to  14  years        

3,481 

5 

72 

193 

1 

537 

2  673 

15  to  19  years   

3,859 

20 

446 

.\s^ 

15 

1,113 

1  683 

20  to  24  years     

4,041 

34 

527 

601 

42 

1,388 

1  449 

25  to  29  years  

3,567 

39 

447 

576 

73 

1,141 

1  291 

30  to  34  years  

2,569 

27 

359 

393 

67 

863 

860 

35  to  44  years  

3,698 

32 

495 

523 

115 

1,091 

1,442 

45  to  54  years 

2,198 

21 

231 

264 

71 

651 

970 

55  to  64  years           

1,308 

15 

97 

134 

32 

374 

656 

65  years  and  over  

717 

5 

34 

46 

12 

129 

491 

Total  males  

15,100 

195 

2,667 

2,659 

370 

4,045 

5,164 

Under  10  years  

3,214 

2 

2 

34 

3  176 

10  to  14  years  

1,712 

5 

72 

173 

1 

248 

1,213 

15  to  19  years  

1,813 

20 

445 

449 

9 

590 

300 

20  to  24  years  

1,971 

33 

518 

479 

24 

865 

62 

25  to  29  years  

1,754 

39 

443 

478 

63 

695 

36 

30  to  34  years 

1,275 

26 

358 

304 

56 

488 

43 

35  to  44  years 

1,708 

32 

483 

417 

109 

586 

81 

45  to  54  years 

929 

21 

222 

214 

65 

310 

97 

55  to  64  years  

50' 

16 

% 

105 

32 

177 

79 

65  years  and  over  

220 

4 

28 

38 

11 

62 

77 

Total  females 

16,948 

3 

43 

645 

58 

3,342 

1L>.  S57 

Under  10  years 

3,396 

' 

66 

3  330 

10  to  14  years 

1,769 

20 

289 

1,460 

15  to  19  years  

2,046 

1 

133 

6 

523 

1,383 

20  to  24  years  

2,070 

1 

9 

122 

18 

533 

1,387 

25  to  29  years 

1,813 

4 

98 

10 

446 

1,255 

30  to  34  vears  

1,294 

1 

1 

89 

11 

375 

S17 

35  to  44  vears 

1,990 

12 

106 

6 

505 

1,361 

45  to  54  years  

1,269 

9 

40 

6 

341 

873 

55  to  64  years 

804 

1 

29 

197 

577 

65  years  and  over  

497 

1 

6 

8 

1 

67 

414 

Total  native  white     .  .  . 

12,391 

66 

985 

883 

216 

1,816 

8,425 

Under  10  years 

*2  879 

1 

19 

2,  859 

10  to  14  years 

1,522 

2 

35 

50 

126 

1,309 

15  to  19  years  

1,566 

8 

186 

181 

11 

311 

869 

20  to  24  years  

1,523 

13 

224 

185 

24 

389 

688 

25  to  29  years  

1,260 

9 

172 

146 

28 

293 

612 

30  to  34  years  

898 

10 

105 

101 

33 

237 

412 

35  to  44  vears  

1,272 

12 

149 

121 

56 

252 

683 

45  to  54  years               ... 

737 

6 

74 

54 

36 

104 

463 

55  to  64  years  

471 

5 

29 

33 

20 

61 

323 

65  vears  and  over  

263 

1 

10 

12 

9 

24 

207 

Native  white  males  .  .  . 

5,541 

66 

976 

622 

183 

1,276 

2,418 

Under  10  vears 

1  418 

1 

7 

1,410 

10  to  14  vears  

724 

2 

35 

44 

61 

582 

15  to  19  vears  

725 

8 

186 

130 

6 

212 

183 

20  to  24  vears  

713 

13 

221 

126 

13 

305 

35 

25  to  29  vears  

551 

9 

170 

111 

25 

214 

22 

30  to  34  vears  

413 

10 

105 

67 

27 

176 

28 

35  to  44  vears  

500 

12 

147 

77 

51 

173 

40 

45  to  54  vears  

268 

6 

73 

39 

33 

69 

48 

55  to  64  years 

164 

5 

29 

21 

20 

44 

45 

65  vears  and  over  

65 

1 

9 

7 

s 

15 

25 

Native  white  females  

6,850 



9 

261 

33 

540 

6,007 

1  461 

12 

1  44'.l 

798 

6 

65 

727 

16  to  19  veare  

841 

51 

5 

99 

686 

20  to  24  years 

810 

3 

59 

11 

84 

<;:>:; 

25  to  29  years  . 

TOO 

2 

35 

3 

79 

590 

30  to  34  vears 

485 

34 

6 

61 

884 

35  t<>  11  vcar-; 

772 

2 

44 

4 

79 

643 

•45  to  51  vi'iirs 

469 

1 

15 

3 

35 

415 

55  to  HI  vciirs 

307 

12 

17 

278 

66  years'and  over  

198 

1 

5 

1 

9 

IN.' 

OCCUPATIONS. 


325 


TABLE  XXIV. — Grand  groups  of  occupations  by  age,  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
CITY  OF  SAN  JUAN— Continued. 


Age  period. 

Total. 

Agricul- 
ture, 
fisheries, 
and 
mining. 

Trade 
and 
transpor- 
tation. 

Manu- 
facturing 
and  me- 
chanical 
indus- 
tries. 

Profes- 
sional 
service. 

Domestic 
and  per- 
sonal 

service. 

Without 
gainful 
occupa- 
tion. 

Total  foreign  white             .... 

2,872 

16 

1,243 

246 

163 

380 

824 

Under  10  vears 

124 

124 

10  to  14  vears  

85 

21 

3 

4 

57 

15  to  19  vears 

277 

194 

12 

3 

10 

58 

20  to  24  vears 

373 

221 

22 

8 

52 

70 

26  to  29  vears  

430 

1 

200 

55 

29 

71 

74 

30  to  34  years 

407 

2 

200 

34 

30 

63 

78 

35  to  44  vears 

619 

7 

245 

67 

49 

94 

157 

45  to  54  vears  

328 

1 

110 

36 

29 

59 

93 

55  to  64  vears 

148 

5 

39 

13 

12 

21 

58 

65  vears  and  over 

81 

13 

4 

3 

6 

55 

Foreign  white  males 

2  190 

16 

1  237 

238 

146 

362 

191 

Under  10  years  

61 

61 

10  to  14  years 

51 

21 

3 

3 

24 

15  to  19  years  .  .  . 

235 

194 

12 

2 

10 

17 

20  to  24  years  

300 

218 

21 

5 

49 

7 

25  to  29  years 

352 

1 

199 

54 

25 

69 

4 

30  to  34  years  ...             .     . 

328 

2 

200 

34 

25 

62 

5 

35  to  44  vears 

462 

244 

63 

47 

88 

13 

45  to  54  vears 

247 

1 

109 

35 

27 

54 

21 

55  to  64  years  

106 

5 

39 

12 

12 

21 

17 

65  vears  and  over  

48 

13 

4 

3 

6 

22 

Foreign  white  females  

682 

6 

8 

17 

18 

633 

Under  10  vears 

63 

63 

10  to  14  vears  

34 

1 

33 

15  to  19  vears  

42 

1 

41 

20  to  24  years   .               ... 

73 

3 

1 

3 

3 

63 

25  to  29  vears  

78 

] 

1 

4 

2 

70 

30  to  34  vears  

79 

5 

1 

'     73 

35  to  44  vears 

157 

1 

4 

2 

6 

144 

45  to  54  vears  

81 

1 

1 

2 

5 

72 

55  to  64  vears  

42 

1 

41 

65  vears  and  over.  .  . 

33 

33 

Total  colored  

16,785 

116 

482 

2  175 

49 

5  191 

8  772 

Under  10  vears  

3,607 

1 

2 

81 

3  523 

10  to  14  vears  

1,874 

g 

16 

140 

1 

407 

1  307 

15  to  19  vears  

2,016 

12 

66 

389 

1 

792 

756 

20  to  24  vears  .  .  . 

2,145 

21 

82 

394 

10 

947 

691 

25  to  29  vears  

1,877 

29 

75 

375 

16 

777 

605 

30  to  34  vears 

1  264 

15 

54 

258 

4 

563 

370 

35  to  44  vears  

1  807 

13 

101 

335 

u 

745 

602 

45  to  54  vears  

1,133 

14 

47 

164 

6 

488 

414 

55  to  64  vears  

689 

5 

29 

88 

292 

275 

65  vears  and  over  

373 

4 

11 

30 

99 

229 

Colored  males  

7  369 

113 

454 

1  799 

41 

2  407 

9  555 

Under  10  vears  

1,735 

1 

2 

27 

1  705 

10  to  14  vears  

937 

3 

16 

126 

1 

184 

607 

15  to  19  vears  

853 

12 

65 

307 

1 

368 

100 

20  to  24  vears  

958 

20 

79 

332 

g 

501 

20 

25  to  29  vears  

851 

29 

74 

313 

13 

412 

10 

30  to  34  vears  

534 

14 

53 

203 

4 

250 

10 

35  to  44  vears  

746 

13 

92 

277 

11 

325 

28 

45  to  54  vears  

414 

14 

40 

140 

5 

js7 

28 

55  to  64  years  

234 

5 

28 

72 

112 

17 

65  vears  and  over  

107 

3 

6 

27 

41 

30 

Colored  females  

9  416 

•; 

28 

376 

g 

2  784 

6  217 

Under  10  vears;  

1.872 

54 

1  818 

10  to  14  vears  

937 

14 

223 

700 

15  lo  1  .  vears  

1,163 

1 

82 

424 

656 

20  to  24  /ears  

1  187 

1 

3 

62 

4 

446 

671 

25  to  29  vears  
30  to  34  vears.  

1,026 
730 

..... 

1 
1 

G2 
55 

3 

365 
313 

595 
360 

35  to44  vears   

1,061 

9 

58 

420 

574 

45  to  54  vears  

719 

24 

1 

301 

386 

55  to  64  veais  

455 

1 

16 

180 

258 

65  years  and  over  

266 

i 

5 

3 

58 

199 

326 


KEPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,    1899. 


TABLE  XXV. — Occupations  in  detail  by  department*. 
PORTO  RICO. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

dfiilB. 

Arecibo. 

Baya- 
mon. 

Guaya- 
ma. 

Huma- 
cao. 

Maya- 
guez. 

Ponce. 

Actors  

49 

1 

38 

3 

1 

3 

3 

Agents  (real  estate,  insurance, 
etc.)  

4,017 

233 

455 

695 

126 

344 

869 

1,296 

Apprentices 

342 

10 

80 

25 

22 

112 

93 

Architects  and  draftsmen  . 

36 

3 

21 

% 

4 

Artists 

23 

1 

4 

1 

4 

6 

7 

Bakers  

2,350 

206 

269 

376 

269 

170 

431 

629 

Barbers  and  hairdressers  
Blacksmiths  

734 
841 

48 
30 

81 
43 

163 
295 

76 
68 

41 
61 

142 
126 

193 
218 

Bookbinders 

22 

1 

12 

1 

1 

1 

g 

Bookkeepers  

165 

ii 

9 

29 

16 

21 

42 

37 

Brickmakers  

48 

8 

6 

7 

3 

1 

23 

Builders  and  contractors  

11 

1 

6 

1 

3 

Butchers.  

137 

10 

19 

23 

16 

14 

16 

39 

Cabinetmakers  

196 

8 

20 

16 

4 

5 

81 

61 

Carpenters  

5,125 

333 

672 

1,130 

513 

450 

697 

1,330 

Charcoal  burners 

121 

5 

27 

49 

6 

1 

6 

27 

Clergymen    .          

124 

8 

14 

66 

10 

13 

16 

17 

Clerks  and  copyists  

1,100 

69 

136 

258 

167 

68 

221 

181 

Commercial  travelers  

26 

1 

10 

2 

1 

2 

10 

Confectioners  

75 

1 

9 

22 

6 

5 

15 

17 

Coopers  

492 

16 

93 

57 

46 

62 

62 

166 

Dairymen...  .  

68 

24 

20 

7 

2 

8 

7 

Dentists  

42 

3 

3 

16 

7 

5 

4 

5 

Draymen  and  hackmen 

1,392 

23 

66 

258 

237 

82 

237 

489 

Dressmakersand  seamstresses. 
Engineers  (civil)  and  survey- 
ors   

5,785 
115 

631 
2 

669 
9 

1,098 
48 

590 
10 

287 

1,017 
14 

1,493 
25 

Engineers  and  firemen  (sta- 
tionary engines)  

45 

4 

24 

1 

2 

9 

6 

Fishermen  

455 

87 

16 

125 

34 

69 

53 

71 

Foremen  and  overseers  

67 

2 

8" 

15 

9 

1 

10 

12 

Gardeners  and  florists 

66 

1 

6 

5 

3 

18 

23 

Gold  and  silver  workers 

170 

11 

18 

42 

15 

14 

33 

37 

Gunsmiths  

21 

1 

9 

3 

5 

3 

Harn^ssmakers  .  .  . 

194 

8 

14 

22 

31 

10 

27 

82 

Hat  and  cap  makers 

348 

1 

6 

1 

341 

Hostlers  

30 

7 

11 

2 

2 

4 

4 

Hucksters  and  peddlers  

706 

68 

79 

111 

72 

52 

113 

211 

Janitors  and  sextons  

38 

4 

5 

10 

3 

3 

8 

5 

Journalists  

49 

3 

2 

20 

2 

10 

12 

Laborers  

215,742 

24,946 

39,  151 

31,763 

25,858 

20,43i 

27,286 

46,307 

Launderers  

17,087 

1,353 

2,571 

3,546 

1,965 

1,594 

2,  131 

3,927 

Lawyers  

206 

10 

17 

64 

22 

20 

35 

38 

Literary  and  scientific   per- 
sons   

44 

1 

4 

23 

1 

•1 

9 

5 

Livery-stable  keepers  . 

26 

1 

6 

8 

2 

8 

Machinists  

179 

10 

18 

66 

12 

26 

51 

Masons  

1,335 

43 

115 

390 

110 

97 

208 

372 

Mechanics  

191 

1 

30 

69 

9 

7 

19 

66 

Merchants  

8,713 

895 

1,001 

1,593 

750 

518 

2,025 

1,931 

Messengers  and  office  boys  
Miners  and  quarrymen  .  . 

1,145 
48 

20 

158 

35 
2 

153 
1 

366 

404 
41 

9 
4 

Musicians  

184 

17 

11 

47 

12 

13 

42 

42 

Nurses  

127 

9 

20 

41 

15 

7 

16 

19 

Officials,  Government  

287 

12 

32 

73 

39 

40 

42 

49 

Officials    of    manufacturing 
companies  ...^  

10 

2 

5 

2 

1 

Operatives,  cigar  factories  
Painters    

3,743 
663 

284 
23 

698 

57 

693 
227 

600 
40 

223 
41 

501 
81 

744 
194 

Photographers  

30 

2 

2 

11 

2 

2 

6 

5 

Physicians  and  surgeons  

219 

17 

22 

64 

22 

13 

34 

47 

Planters  

305 

29 

44 

165 

21 

19 

27 

Policemen  and  watchmen  
Potters  

955 
86 

47 
1 

217 
8 

164 
10 

108 
5 

90 
16 

137 
23 

192 
22 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc  
Restaurant  and  boarding- 
house  keepers  

352 
92 

11 

11 
18 

179 
17 

17 

<.i 

2 
2 

49 

18 

83 
21 

Sailors  and  boatmen 

1,595 

118 

231 

374 

88 

182 

271 

331 

Salesmen  and  saleswomen  
Servants  

4,590 
25,946 

245 
2,214 

461 
2,881 

1,130 
5,795 

483 
2,641 

329 
2,451 

711 

4,650 

1,231 
5,414 

Shirtmakers  

188 

16 

-"J 

43 

3 

10 

14 

80 

Shoemakers  

1,708 

160 

189 

277 

234 

142 

336 

370 

Soldiers  

369 

11 

27 

207 

4 

2 

12 

106 

Steam-railway  employee* 

64 

'     1 

9 

26 

1 

7 

10 

Stewards  and  housekeepers.  .  . 
Stock  raisers  

1,413 

•j:.;i 

103 
9 

227 
31 

121 
11 

118 
31 

98 
23 

199 
66 

547 
82 

Stonecutters  . 

15 

3 

3 

4 

1 

4 

Straw  workers  

50 

3 

24 

3 

1 

15 

3 

1 

Street-raihvav  employees  .  .  . 

14 

3 

2 

2 

4 

3 

OCCUPATIONS. 


327 


TABLE  XXV. — Occupations  in  detail  by  departments — Continued. 
PORTO  RICO— Continued. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Agua- 
dilla. 

Arecibo. 

Baya- 
mon. 

Guaya- 
ma. 

Huma- 
cao. 

Maya- 
guez. 

Ponce. 

Sugar  makers  

80 
1.048 
24 
809 

69 
135 
54 
34 

9 

87 

15 
106 
4 
102 

5 
13 

8 
17 

14 
179 
1 
173 

21 
30 
10 

5 
97 

19 
76 

6 
193 
7 
129 

8 

% 

11 

12 
310 
12 
163 

17 
30 
12 
2 

TaTlors  

Tanners. 

Teachers  

72 

90 

8 
16 
5 

80 

10 
7 
3 
1 

Telegraph  and  telephone  op- 
erators                      

Tinners  

16 

2 
3 

Watch  and  clock  makers  
Wood  choppers       

TABLE  XXVI. — Occupations  in  detail  by  sex,  race,  and  nativity. 
PORTO  RICO. 


Occupations. 

Total. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Actors  

13 
4,017 
342 
36 
23 
2,337 
734 
841 
22 
165 
48 
11 
137 
195 
5,125 

36 

3 
2,688 
114 
18 
11 
1,250 
381 
220 
13 
120 
.28 
4 
51 
87 
2,335 
45 
44 
921 
16 
37 
122 
34 
31 
485 

33 

2 
484 
1 
12 
4 
52 
26 
80 
3 
31 
1 
6 
2 
13 
143 
1 
78 
104 
9 
12 
2 
1 
8 
131 

2 

8 
845 
227 
6 
8 
1,035 
327 
541 
6 
14 
19 
1 
84 
95 
2,647 
75 
2 
75 
1 
26 
368 
33 
3 
776 

1 

Agents  (real  estate,  insurance,  etc.)  . 
Apprentices  

Architects  and  draftsmen  

Artists 

Bakers  

13 

8 

5 

Barbers  and  hairdressers  

Blacksmiths 

Bookbinders  

Bookkeepers  

Brickmakers 

Builders  and  contractors  

Butchers  

Cabinetmakers 

Carpenters  

Charcoal  burners  

121 
124 
1,100 

Clergymen. 

Clerks  and  copyists  

fYmiTTiprpifll  fflvplprs; 

26 
75 
492 
68 
42 
1,392 

Confectioners  

Coopers  

Dairvmen  . 

Dentists  

Dravmen  and  hackmen  

Dressmakers  and  seamstresses  . 

5,785 

3,579 

32 

2,174 

Engineers  (civil  )  and  surveyors  
Engineers  and  firemen  (stationary 
engines)  

115 

45 
455 
57 
56 
170 
21 
194 
11 
30 
565 
38 
49 
211,832 
232 
206 
44 
25 
179 
1,335 
191 
7.  B67 
1,145 
48 
169 
63 
287 

10 
3,683 
663 

53 

18 
215 
35 
15 
87 
17 
83 
11 
10 
305 
28 
34 
128,819 
101 
156 
23 
14 
40 
266 
90 
4,821 
o_>7 
13 
85 
37 
218 

5 
2,340 
236 

56 

8 
6 
15 
25 
9 
3 
21 

6 

19 
234 
7 

10 
74 
1 
90 

Fishermen  

Foremen  8  nd  overseers 

Gardeners  and  florists  

Gold  and  silver  workers  

Gunsmiths  .                  ...            

HarnessTiakers  

Hat  anu  cap  makers 

337 

290 

47 

Hostlers       

20 
237 
10 
6 
SO,  659 
131 
1 
8 
2 
104 
1  022 

Hucksters  and  peddlers 

141 

28 

23 

2 

111 

Janitors  and  sextons  

Journalists  

9 
2,354 

Laborers  

3,910 
16,855 

2,423 
6,687 

16 
13 

1,471 
10,155 

Launderers  

Lawvers  

49 
13 
9 
35 
47 
61 
1,811 

•2 
23 
14 
51 

Literary  and  scientific  persons  
Liverv-stable  keepers  

Machinists  

Masons  

Mechanics  

40 
925 
616 
33 
61 
12 
18 

Merchants                  ... 

1,156 

991 

12 

153 

Messengers  and  office  boys  

Miners  and  quarrvmen  .'.  

Musicians...        

15 
64 

10 
26 

2 
6 

3 

:;•_' 

Nurses  

Officials,  Government 

Officials   of    manufacturing    com- 
panies 

Operatives  cigar  factories    . 

60 

36            54 
21 

1,289              24 
406    .. 

Painters  .. 

328 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXVI. — Occupations  in  detail  by  sex,  race,  and  nativity — Continued. 
PORTO  RICO— Continued. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Native  white. 

Foreign  white. 

Colored. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Males. 

Fe- 
males. 

Photographers  •  

30 

219 
149 
955 
85 
352 

77 
1,595 

16 
137 
89 
782 
45 
204 

44 
695 
3,273 
3,428 
% 
636 
180 
28 
844 
109 
2 

12 
72 
23 
48 
7 
17 

18 
168 
920 
122 
7 
110 
36 
16 
380 
15 
12 

2 
10 
37 
125 
33 
131 

15 
732 
372 
3,943 
85 
939 
153 
10 
177 
129 
1 

Physicians  and  surgeons  

Planters  

156 

109 

1 

46 

Policemen  and  watchmen 

Potters                                

Printers  lithographers,  etc  

Restaurant    and    boarding  -  house 
keepers  

15 

4 

2 

9 

Sailors  and  boatmen              

Salesmen  and  saleswomen  

4,565 
7,493 
188 
1,685 
369 
54 
1,401 
253 
15 

25 
18,453 

19 
7,248 

1 

68 

5 
11,137 

Servants        

23 

12 

11 

Soldiers 

Steam-railway  employees  

Stewards  and  housekeepers  

12 

6 

2 

4 

Stock  raisers  

Stonecutters 

Straw  workers  

50 

32 

2 

16 

Street-railway  employees            .... 

14 
80 
1,048 

9 
87 
353 
5 
455 
34 
42 
26 
23 

3 
7 
46 
3 
65 
36 
36 
23 
1 

2 
36 
649 
16 
43 

Sugar  makers  

Tailors 

Tanners 

24 
563 
69 
135 
64 
34 

Teachers  

246 

162 

66 

18 

Telegraph  and  telephone  operators. 
Tinners      

57 
5 
10 

Watch  and  clock  makers  

Wood  choppers  

TABLE  XXVII. — Occupations  in  detail  by  sex  and  age. 


PORTO  RICO. 
MALES. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Under 
15 
years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

25  to  34 
years. 

35  to  44 
years. 

45  to  64 
years. 

65  years 
and 
over. 

Actors  

13 

5 

4 

2 

2 

Agents  (real  estate,  insurance,  etc.) 
Apprentices  

4,017 
342 

47 
173 

236 
159 

503 
g 

1,262 

2 

975 

858 

136 

Architects  and  draftsmen  

36 

2 

2 

13 

B 

11 

2 

Artists  

23 

1 

3 

8 

7 

3 

1 

Bakers  

2,337 

52 

314 

609 

767 

429 

241 

25 

Barbers  and  hairdressers 

734 

Blacksmiths  

841 

65 

194 

148 

222 

121 

82 

9 

Bookbinders  

22 

5 

3 

7 

2 

4 

1 

Bookkeepers  

165 

6 

22 

43 

48 

43 

3 

Brickmatere  

48 

3 

6 

11 

13 

14 

1 

Builders  and  contractors  

11 

3 

2 

6 

Butchers  

137 

2 

3 

22 

37 

28 

39 

6 

Cabinetmakers  

195 

9 

25 

33 

63 

28 

33 

4 

Carpenters  .  . 

5  126 

124 

486 

738 

1  469 

1  068 

1  036 

204 

Charcoal  burners  

121 

12 

13 

19 

32 

18 

19 

8 

Clergymen  

124 

2 

3 

31 

28 

44 

16 

Clerks  and  copyists 

1  100 

11 

153 

234 

338 

192 

148 

25 

Commercial  travelers  

26 

1 

| 

4 

12 

4 

4 

Confectioners  

75 

1 

*» 

7 

18 

23 

19 

1 

Coopers  

492 

15 

44 

44 

109 

122 

137 

21 

Dairymen  

68 

25 

10 

8 

11 

11 

3 

Dentists  

42 

2 

•2 

14 

16 

6 

2 

Draymen  and  hackmen  

1,392 

37 

116 

270 

496 

323 

140 

10 

Engineers  (civil)  and  surveyors  ... 

115 

1 

8 

40 

26 

36 

4 

Engineers  and  firemen  (stationary 
engines)  

45 

3 

6 

20 

8 

8 

Fishermen  

455 

22 

39 

48 

107 

109 

115 

15 

Foremen  and  overseers  ... 

57 

1 

5 

18 

10 

15 

2 

Gardeners  and  florists  

56 

1 

3 

1 

| 

12 

23 

7 

Gold  and  silver  workers  

170 

6 

30 

26 

33 

32 

38 

5 

Gunsmiths  

21 

2 

4 

3 

6 

I 

2 

Huriu'ssinuktTs  ... 

194 

6 

31 

35 

.    38 

34 

46 

4 

Hat  and  cap  makers  

11 

5 

2 

1 

1 

2 

Hostlers  

30 

6 

6 

6 

5 

OCCUPATIONS. 


329 


TABLE  XXVII. — Occupations  in  detail  by  sex  and  age — Continued. 

PORTO  RICO— Continued. 

MALES— Continued . 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Under 
15 
years. 

15  to  19 
years. 

20  to  24 
years. 

25  to  34 
years. 

35  to  44 
years. 

45  to  64 
years. 

65  years 
and 
over. 

Hucksters  and  peddlers 

565 

68 

83 

83 

164 

90 

68 

9 

Janitors  and  sextons  

38 

1 

3 

3 

14 

9 

6 

2 

Journalists 

49 

3 

26 

13 

7 

Laborers 

211  832 

18,642 

29,085 

:;"  vji 

54,245 

35,658 

36,534 

6,844 

Launderers  

232 

20 

44 

45 

72 

36 

13 

2 

La  \v  vers 

206 

4 

11 

64 

46 

65 

16 

Literarv  and  scientific  persons  

44 

3 

2 

16 

14 

9 

Liverv-stable  keepers 

25 

1 

4 

7 

5 

8 

Machinists 

179 

3 

11 

22 

60 

42 

37 

4 

Masons  

1  335 

42 

182 

209 

332 

226 

278 

66 

Mechanics  

191 

1 

14 

24 

65 

44 

36 

7 

Merchants  . 

7  557 

124 

692 

1,217 

2,570 

1,686 

1,141 

127 

Messengers  and  office  bovs  

1,145 

861 

174 

39 

31 

22 

14 

4 

Miners  and  quarrvmen  .  '.  

48 

13 

10 

14 

4 

6 

1 

Musicians  

169 

3 

16 

25 

51 

40 

29 

5 

Nurses  

63 

1 

6 

19 

20 

15 

2 

Officials,  Government  

287 

8 

27 

80 

76 

88 

8 

Officials   of  manufacturing  com- 
panies 

10 

1 

6 

2 

1 

Operatives  cigar  factories 

3  683 

180 

581 

752 

935 

627 

524 

84 

Painters  

663 

5 

51 

115 

208 

162 

114 

8 

Photographers  

30 

1 

5 

11 

10 

3 

Physicians  and  surgeons 

219 

2 

4 

57 

81 

69 

6 

Pla'nters  

149 

2 

3 

17 

27 

40 

62 

8 

Policemen  and  watchmen  

MB 

13 

176 

487 

196 

81 

2 

Potters  

85 

4 

10 

19 

17 

16 

16 

3 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc  

352 

14 

94 

76 

110 

40 

18 

Restaurant    and    boarding-house 
keepers  

77 

2 

1 

4 

26 

20 

22 

2 

Sailors  and  boatmen  

1,595 

25 

124 

201 

456 

374 

355 

60 

Salesmen         ...  . 

4  565 

312 

1,599 

1,393 

936 

213 

106 

6 

Servants  

7,493 

2,850 

1,772 

1,055 

960 

405 

376 

76 

Shirtmakers  

188 

4 

19 

47 

74 

35 

9 

Shoemakers  .. 

1  685 

147 

348 

273 

386 

246 

237 

.48 

Soldiers  

369 

57 

186 

93 

18 

13 

2 

Steam-rail  wav  emplovees 

54 

5 

11 

16 

13 

9 

Stewards..  ."  

1  401 

13 

87 

237 

468 

333 

240 

23 

Stock  raisers  

253 

71 

49 

26 

'  42 

38 

23 

4 

Stonecutters  .  . 

15 

2 

3 

6 

4 

Street-railwav  emplovees. 

14 

2 

4 

4 

3 

1 

Sugar  makers 

80 

5 

14 

17 

18 

22 

4 

Tailors  

1,048 

53 

219 

217 

236 

169 

134 

20 

Tanners  

24 

1 

2 

8 

5 

7 

1 

Teachers.. 

563 

16 

47 

138 

155 

170 

37 

Telegraph  and  telephoneoperators. 

69 

6 

17 

35 

8 

3 

Tinners 

135 

8 

18 

25 

35 

•r, 

20 

2 

Watch  and  clock  makers  

54 

4 

10 

14 

16 

8 

2 

Wood  choppers  

34 

3 

5 

2 

11 

7 

5 

1 

FEMALES. 


Actresses  

36 

5 

5 

13 

. 

_ 

1 

Bakers  

13 

Dressmakers  and  seamstresses  
Hat  and  cap  makers  

:,.  MS 
337 

342 
70 

1,325 
82 

1,195 
64 

1,616 
69 

781 
38 

1M 
14 

42 

Housekeeper* 

12 

1 

7 

1 

2 

1 

Hucksters  

i41 

2 

2 

8 

27 

43 

46 

13 

Laborers  

3,910 

477 

480 

411 

819 

645 

883 

195 

Laundresses  . 

].;  KG 

559 

2,493 

2,990 

4,893 

3,113 

2,617 

190 

Merchants  .  . 

1,156 

206 

270 

197 

223 

132 

119 

9 

Musicians 

15 

3 

3 

7 

1 

1 

X  urses  

64 

1 

3 

11 

13 

30 

6 

Operatives  cigar  factories 

60 

Planters  . 

166 

5 

24 

29 

45 

2o 

•J4 

4 

Restaurant   and    boarding-house 
keepers 

15 

6 

6 

3 

Saleswomen  

25 

4 

4 

13 

2 

2 

Servants 

18  453 

3,797 

3,709 

2,715 

3,528 

2,157 

2,158 

tea 

Shoemakers 

23 

2 

7 

5 

3 

2 

Straw  workers  

50 

9 

6 

9 

14 

6 

6 

4 

Teachers  

246 

23 

65 

74 

29 

49 

6 

330 


REPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO   RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXVIII. — Occupations  in  detail  by  se.r,  literacy,  and  superior  educnt!nt>. 

PORTO  RICO. 
MALES. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read, 
but  can 
not  write. 

Can  read 
and 
write. 

With 
superior 
educa- 
tion. 

Without 
superior 
educa- 
tion. 

Actors  

13 

6 

7 

13 

Agents  (real  estate,  insurance,  etc.)  

4,017 

1,216 

107 

2,694 

116 

3  902 

342 

134 

45 

163 

342 

Architects  and  draftsmen  .           

36 

36 

14 

22 

Artists  ...                          

23 

1 

22 

5 

18 

Bakers  .                             

2,337 

1,284 

91 

962 

6 

2  331 

Barbers  and  hairdressers  

734 

132 

23 

579 

6 

728 

Blacksmiths  

841 

201 

37 

603 

8 

833 

Bookbinders                     .           

22 

1 

21 

1 

21 

Bookkeepers                        

165 

165 

61 

104 

Brickmakers  ..      .        

48 

34 

2 

12 

48 

11 

11 

2 

9 

Butchers                                        .  . 

137 

99 

4 

34 

137 

Cabinetmakers  

195 

22 

6 

167 

3 

192 

Carpenters  .                        

5,125 

1,788 

179 

3,158 

24 

5  101 

Charcoal  burners  

121 

305 

3 

13 

121 

124 

124 

97 

27 

Clerks  and  copyists                        .      .  . 

1,100 

1,100 

128 

972 

nrmimprmivl  tr«.ve]prs_        

26 

2 

24 

2 

24 

Confectioners  

75 

21 

4 

50 

75 

Coopers  

492 

243 

27 

222 

492 

Dairymen  

68 

57 

2 

9 

1 

67 

Dentists 

42 

2 

40 

26 

16 

Jlrftymen  find  hao^mpn                     „    

1,392 

959 

48 

385 

2 

1  390 

115 

2 

113 

90 

25 

Engineers  and  nremen  (stationary  en- 
gines)   

45 

24 

1 

20 

1 

44 

Fishermen  

455 

317 

26 

112 

2 

453 

Foremen  and  overseers      

67 

8 

1 

48 

6 

61 

56 

36 

20 

56 

Gold  and  silver  workers  

170 

13 

6 

151 

3 

167 

Gunsmiths.           .                      

21 

3 

18 

21 

Harnessmakers  

194 

41 

7 

146 

2 

192 

Hat  and  cap  makers 

11 

10 

1 

11 

Hostlers 

30 

27 

3 

30 

Hucksters  and  peddlers    

565 

396 

16 

154 

1 

564 

Janitors  and  sextons  

38 

Journalists 

49 

49 

24 

25 

Laborers  

211,832 

181,  102 

2,320 

28,410 

856 

210  976 

Launderers  

232 

133 

14 

85 

232 

Lawyers.            .                       

206 

206 

168 

38 

Literary  and  scientific  persons  

44 

44 

22 

22 

Liverv-stable  keepers  

25 

2 

23 

4 

21 

Machinists  *.  

179 

63 

8 

108 

7 

172 

Masons  

1,335 

502 

80 

753 

4 

1  331 

Mechanics  

191 

29 

1 

161 

24 

167 

Merchants  

7,557 

1,205 

83 

6,269 

565 

6  992 

Messengers  and  office  boys  

1,145 

1,053 

14 

78 

1  145 

Miners  and  quarrymen  

48 

36 

1 

11 

48 

Musicians  

169 

17 

2 

150 

19 

150 

Nurses  

63 

5 

2 

56 

22 

41 

Officials,  Government  

287 

9 

278 

83 

204 

Officials  of  manufacturing  companies 

10 

10 

10 

Operatives,  cigar  factories  . 

3,683 

1,306 

167 

2  220 

20 

3  663 

Painters  

663 

256 

38 

369 

7 

656 

Photographers  

30 

1 

1 

28 

5 

25 

Physicians  and  surgeons 

219 

219 

208 

16 

Planters  

149 

63 

3 

83 

20 

129 

Policemen  and  watchmen  

955 

48 

2 

905 

38 

917 

Potters  

85 

56 

2 

27 

1 

84 

Printers,  lithographers  etc 

352 

352 

14 

338 

Restaurant  and  boarding-house  keepers. 
Sailors  and  boatmen  

77 
1,595 

24 
950 

3 
68 

50 

577 

1 
10 

76 
1  585 

Salesmen  

4,566 

260 

47 

4,258 

150 

4  415 

Servants  

7,493 

6,314 

236 

943 

g 

7  485 

Shirtmakers  

188 

43 

7 

138 

1 

187 

Shoemakers  

1,685 

515 

102 

1,068 

13 

1  672 

Soldiers  

369 

28 

341 

21 

348 

Steam-railway  employees  

54 

11 

1 

42 

14 

50 

Stewards  

1,401 

295 

11 

1,095 

51 

1  350 

Stock  raisers  . 

253 

208 

5 

40 

1 

252 

Stonecutters  

15 

6 

9 

15 

Street-railway  employees  

14 

3 

11 

14 

Sugar  makers  "      

80 

28 

1 

51 

3 

77 

Tailors  

1,048 

103 

28 

917 

21 

1  027 

Tanners  

24 

13 

2 

9 

24 

OCCUPATIONS. 


331 


TABLE  XXVIII. — Occupations  in  detail  by  sex,  literacy,  etc. — Continued. 

PORTO  RICO— Continued. 
MALES — Continued. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Can 
neither 
read  nor 
write. 

Can  read, 
but  can 

not  write. 

Can  read 
and 
write. 

With 
superior 
educa- 
tion. 

Without 
superior 
educa- 
tion. 

Teachers  

563 

563 

299 

264 

Telegraph  and  telephone  operators 

69 

69 

32 

37 

Tinners                  .                

135 

49 

7 

79 

135 

Watch  and  clock  makers  

54 

2 

52 

1 

53 

Wood  choppers  

34 

33 

1 

1 

33 

FEMALES. 


Actresses  

36 

36 

20 

16 

Bakers  

13 

7 

6 

13 

Dressmakers  and  seamstresses 

5,785 

2,379 

434 

2  972 

2~ 

5  758 

Hat  and  cap  makers  

337 

266 

22 

49 

337 

Housekeepers  

12 

4 

8 

12 

Hucksters  and  peddlers 

141 

101 

11 

29 

141 

Laborers  

3,910 

3,606 

47 

257 

10 

3  900 

Laundresses  

16,855 

15,  071 

626 

1,158 

4 

16  851 

Merchants  

1,156 

961 

48 

147 

2 

1,154 

Musicians  

15 

15 

3 

12 

Nurses  

64 

36 

7 

21 

7 

57 

Operatives,  cigar  factories  

60 

38 

7 

15 

60 

Planters  .                          ..                 .  .. 

156 

148 

8 

166 

Restaurant  and  boarding-house  keepers. 

15 

g 

1 

6 

15 

Saleswomen  

25 

4 

2 

19 

1 

24 

Servants  .        

18,453 

15,727 

925 

1  801 

5 

18  448 

Shoemakers  

23 

6 

1 

16 

23 

Straw  workers  

50 

41 

1 

8 

1 

49 

Teachers  

246 

246 

169 

77 

TABLE  XXIX. — Occupations  in  detail  by  sex  and  conjugal  condition. 

PORTO  RICO. 

MALES. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living  to- 
gether as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Actors  

13 

8 

2 

3 

Agents  (real  estate,  insurance,  etc.  )  
Apprentices  

4,017 
342 

1,460 
340 

1,656 

662 
2 

239 

Architects  and  draftsmen  

36 

11 

19 

2 

4 

Artists  

23 

9 

10 

4 

Bakers  

2  337 

1  161 

536 

589 

51 

Barbers  and  hairdressers  

734 

398 

200 

109 

27 

Blacksmiths  

841 

518 

174 

133 

16 

Bookbinders  

22 

13 

7 

2 

Bookkeepers  

165 

65 

83 

12 

5 

Rriolcmnlrprs 

48 

13 

17 

15 

3 

Builders  and  contractors  

11 

10 

1 

Butchers  

137 

36 

42 

53 

g 

Cabinetmakers  

195 

98 

54 

35 

g 

Carpenters  

5,125 

2  040 

1  747 

1  066 

272 

Charcoal  burners  

121 

63 

22 

33 

3 

Clergymen  

124 

100 

14 

6 

4 

Clerks  and  copyists  

1,100 

592 

400 

71 

37 

Commercial  travelers  

26 

15 

9 

1 

1 

Confectioners  

75 

26 

29 

19 

1 

Coopers  

492 

''00 

149 

126 

17 

Dairymen  

68 

48 

11 

3 

1 

Dentists  

42 

g 

32 

2 

Dravmen  and  hackinen  .  .. 

1,392 

659 

294 

410 

23 

Engineers  (civil)  and  surveyors  

115 

44 

60 

7 

4 

Engineers  and  firemen  (stationary  en- 
gines)   

45 

16 

11 

17 

1 

Fishermen  

455 

194 

115 

117 

29 

Foremen  and  overseers  

57 

11 

35 

g 

3 

Gardeners  and  florists  

56 

23 

17 

7 

9 

Gold  and  silver  workers.  .  . 

170 

92 

49 

21 

8 

332 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXIX. — Occupations  in  detail  by  sex  and  conjugal  condition — Continued. 

PORTO  RICO— Continued. 

MALKS— Continued. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Single. 

Married. 

Living  to- 
gether as 
husband 
and  wife 
by  mutual 
consent. 

Widowed. 

Gunsmiths  

21 

7 

11 

1 

2 

Hamessmakers  

194 

98 

52 

39 

5 

Hat  and  cap  makers  

11 

9 

2 

Hostlers               

30 

19 

4 

5 

2 

Hucksters  and  peddlers  

565 

362 

90 

97 

16 

38 

15 

23 

Journalists                                 

49 

20 

25 

3 

1 

Laborers    .                 .         

211,832 

107,604 

61  473 

33,666 

9,089 

Launderers.           

232 

160 

25 

36 

11 

Lawyers  

206 

56 

127 

10 

13 

Literary  and  scientific  persons  

44 

18 

18 

5 

3 

Livery-stable  keepers 

25 

7 

14 

2 

2 

Machinists  

179 

64 

64 

50 

11 

Masons  .                                               ...... 

1,335 

632 

339 

308 

56 

Mechanics  .           

191 

78 

73 

30 

10 

Merchants                 

7,557 

3,513 

3  010 

750 

284 

Messengers  and  office  bovs  

1,145 

1,105 

20 

15 

5 

Miners  and  quarrymen  

48 

36 

10 

1 

1 

Musicians  

169 

71 

58 

26 

14 

Nurses                                     ... 

63 

21 

33 

5 

4 

Officials,  Government  

287 

75 

178 

18 

16 

Officials  of  manufacturing  companies.  ... 

10 

2 

6 

2 

Operatives  cigar  factories 

3  683 

1  963 

935 

618 

167 

Painters  

663 

286 

166 

189 

22 

Photographers  .                               

30 

15 

12 

3 

Physicians  and  surgeons  

219 

45 

152 

9 

13 

Planters  

149 

36 

80 

26 

7 

Policemen  and  watchmen 

955 

393 

438 

91 

33 

Potters  .                       .      .  .         

85 

40 

23 

19 

3 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc  

352 

234 

78 

36 

4 

Restaurant  and  boarding-house  keepers  . 
Sailors  and  boatmen  . 

77 
1  595 

22 

587 

38 
523 

16 
430 

1 
65 

Salesmen  . 

4  565 

4  076 

2% 

147 

46 

Servants  

7,493 

6,977 

214 

175 

127 

Shirtmakers  

188 

99 

62 

34 

3 

Shoemakers 

1  685 

946 

403 

274 

62 

Soldiers  .  . 

369 

327 

33 

5 

4 

Steam-railway  employees  

54 

21 

27 

5 

1 

Stewards  

1,401 

689 

416 

219 

77 

Stock  raisers  

253 

175 

39 

32 

7 

Stonecutters  

16 

4 

9 

2 

Street-railway  employees  

14 

8 

4 

1 

1 

Sugar  makers  ..                             

80 

31 

28 

17 

4 

Tailors  

1,048 

629 

244 

138 

37 

Tanners  

24 

8 

5 

9 

2 

Teachers  

563 

156 

342 

23 

43 

Telegraph  and  telephone  operators  
Tinners  .                                

69 
135 

43 
63 

23 
41 

1 
30 

2 
1 

Watch  and  clock  makers  

54 

26 

20 

3 

5 

Wood  choppers  

34 

17 

8 

7 

FEMALES. 


Actresses  

36 

25 

4 

Bakers  

13 

9 

1 

2 

1 

Dressmakers  and  seamstresses 

6,785 

4,099 

663 

445 

578 

Hat  and  cap  makers  

337 

238 

36 

44 

19 

Housekeepers  

12 

2 

1 

7 

2 

Hucksters  and  peddlers  

141 

83 

20 

18 

20 

Laborers  

3,910 

2,041 

523 

414 

932 

Laundresses  

16,855 

10,416 

1,624 

2,953 

1,862 

Merchants  

1,156 

780 

167 

89 

120 

Musicians 

15 

12 

2 

1 

Nurses  

64 

24 

15 

1 

24 

Operatives,  cigar  factories                   

60 

38 

9 

8 

5 

Planters  

156 

88 

21 

25 

22 

Restaurant  and  boarding-house  keepers  . 
Saleswomen 

15 
25 

2 
24 

5 
1 

2 

6 

Servants  .        

18,463 

14,473 

964 

1,790 

1,226 

Shoemakers 

23 

19 

1 

3 

Straw  workers  

50 

.    28 

12 

5 

5 

Teachers  

246 

145 

66 

2 

33 

OCCUPATIONS. 


333 


TABLE  XXX. — Occupations  in  detail  by  sex  and  place  of  Inrth. 

PORTO  RICO. 
MALES. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Porto 
Rico. 

Other 
West 
Indies. 

Spanish 
America. 

United 
States. 

Spain. 

Other 
Europe. 

Other 
coun- 
tries. 

13 

11 

1 

1 

Agents  (real  estate,  insurance, 
etc.)  

4,017 

3,502 

20 

7 

16 

369 

10 

93 

Apprentices                   

342 

341 

1 

Architects  and  draftsmen  

36 

24 

2 

4 

3 

3 

Artists       

23 

18 

1 

2 

1 

1 

Bakers  

2,337 

2,277 

4 

1 

46 

3 

6 

Barbers  and  hairdressers  

734 

707 

2 

•J4 

1 

Blacksmiths  

841 

730 

13 

1 

15 

49  I 

10 

23 

Bookbinders                           ... 

22 

19 

1 

2 

Bookkeepers  

166 

133 

2 

9 

Ifi 

5 

Brickmakers  

48 

47 

1 

Builders  and  contractors  

11 

5 

5 

1 

Butchers  

137 

132 

2 

1 

1 

1 

Cabinetmakers  

195 

179 

2 

2 

8 

1 

3 

Carpenters                              ... 

5  125 

4  903 

38 

7 

13 

103 

33 

28 

Charcoal  burners  

121 

120 

1 

Clergymen  

124 

45 

1 

13 

63 

1 

1 

Clerks  and  copyists  . 

1  100 

990 

10 

1 

40 

52 

3 

4 

Commercial  travelers  

26 

17 

3 

3 

1 

2 

Confectioners  

75 

63 

11 

1 

Coopers  . 

492 

466 

11 

2 

4 

9 

Dairymen  

68 

67 

1 

Dentists  

42 

34 

3 

1 

i 

1 

2 

Draymen  and  hackmen 

1  392 

1  197 

10 

1 

129 

35 

15 

5 

Engineers  (civil)  and  surveyors. 

115 

55 

5 

21 

5 

16 

13 

Engineers  and  nremen  (station- 
ary engines)  

45 

36 

•  i 

5 

2 

1 

Fishermen  

455 

447 

1 

4 

1 

2 

Foremen  and  overseers  

57 

41 

1 

1 

11 

1 

2 

Gardeners  and  florists  

56 

27 

1 

21 

7 

Gold  and  silver  workers  

170 

161 

6 

3 

Gunsmiths  

21 

18 

2 

1 

Harnessmakers  .  . 

I'll 

166 

5 

1 

2 

13 

5 

2. 

Hat  and  cap  makers  

11 

11 

Hostlers  

30 

30 

Hucksters  and  peddlers. 

565 

536 

1 

3 

1 

9 

1 

14 

Janitors  and  sextons  

38 

38 

Journalists  

49 

39 

1 

1 

3 

o 

2 

1 

Laborers  

211,832 

208,867 

341 

49 

131 

1  772 

194 

478 

Launderers  

232 

230 

1 

1 

Lawyers  

206 

159 

7 

17 

22 

1 

Literary  and  scientific  persons  . 

44 

25 

4 

5 

3 

4 

3 

Livery-stable  keepers  

25 

16 

6 

3 

Machinists 

179 

135 

g 

9 

15 

7 

7 

Masons  

1.335 

1,256 

16 

1 

24 

6 

32 

Mechanics  

191 

119 

g 

5 

29 

12 

18 

Alerchants  

7  557 

5  720 

34 

12 

61 

1  443 

67 

220 

Messengers  and  office  boys  

1,145 

1,143 

2 

Miners  and  quarrymen  

48 

46 

1 

1 

Musicians  

169 

145 

2 

1 

1 

18 

2 

Nurses  

63 

49 

1 

13 

Officials,  Government.  .  .  . 

287 

236 

2 

2 

28 

14 

3 

2 

Officials  of  manufacturing  com- 
panies   

10 

5 

2 

3 

Operatives,  cigar  factories  

3,683 

3,620 

15 

4 

3 

36 

5 

Painters  

663 

633 

5 

3 

3 

12 

1 

6 

Photographers  

30 

18 

1 

4 

6 

1 

Physicians  and  surgeons  .  . 

219 

144 

10 

2 

20 

32 

6 

5 

Pla'nters  

149 

125 

2 

1 

14 

4 

3 

Policemen  and  watchmen 

955 

905 

5 

1 

13 

27 

1 

3 

Potters  

85 

78 

1 

3 

3 

Printers,  lithographers,  etc  

352 

330 

2 

1 

9 

8 

2 

Restaurant  and  boarding-house 
keepers  

77 

54 

1 

1 

14 

7 

Sailors  and  boatmen  

1,595 

1  370 

26 

3 

9 

104 

39 

44 

Salesmen  

4  565 

3  632 

19 

5 

13 

824 

g 

64 

Servants  

7  493 

7  "S5 

27 

3 

21 

88 

21 

48 

Shirtmakers  

188 

179 

2 

1 

5 

1 

Shoemakers  

1  685 

1  563 

7 

1 

1 

95 

3 

15 

Soldiers  

369 

332 

2 

1 

13 

11 

6 

4 

Steam-railway  employees  

54 

38 

2 

11 

1 

2 

Stewards  

1,401 

1  015 

8 

2 

6 

269 

8 

93 

Stock  raisers  

253 

238 

1 

8 

6 

Stonecutters  .  . 

15 

3 

11 

1 

Street-railway  employers 

14 

11 

3 

Sugar  makers... 

80 

70 

4 

4 

1 

1 

334 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXX. — Occupations  in  detail  by  sex  and  place  of  birth — Continued. 

POKTO  RICO— Continued. 

MALES— Continued. 


Occupation. 

Total. 

Porto 
Rico. 

Other 
West 
Indies. 

Spanish 
America. 

United 
States. 

Spain. 

Other 
Europe. 

Other 
coun- 
tries. 

Tailors  

1,048 

977 

15 

2 

35 

8 

11 

24 

21 

3 

Teachers  

563 

495 

9 

14 

34 

5 

6 

Telegraph  and  telephone  oper- 

69 

34 

2 

26 

3 

3 

1 

Tinners 

135 

95 

3 

1 

4 

32 

Watch  and  clock  makers  ....... 

54 

31 

1 

11 

4 

7 

Wood  choppers  

34 

34 

FEMALES. 


36 

34 

2 

13 

13 

Dressmakers  and  seamstresses  .  . 

6,785 

5,721 

17 

9 

14 

10 

14 

Hat  and  cap  makers  

337 

337 

Housekeepers  

12 

10 

2 

Hucksters  and  peddlers  

141 

88 

17 

8 

28 

Laborers  

3,910 

3,887 

4 

1 

14 

2 

2 

Laundresses                     .      ... 

16,855 

16,  708 

44 

3 

6 

35 

59 

Merchants  

1,156 

1,142 

1 

6 

4 

3 

Musicians  

15 

13 

1 

1 

Nurses  

64 

58 

2 

4 

Operatives,  cigar  factories  

60 

60 

Planters  

156 

155 

1 

Restaurant  and  boarding-house 
keepers  

15 

13 

1 

1 

Saleswomen  

25 

24 

1 

Servants  

18.453 

18,  153 

80 

20 

1 

45 

53 

U 

Shoemakers                    

23 

23 

50 

47 

1 

2 

Teachers  

246 

177 

4 

1 

44 

13 

1 

3 

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338  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


I 

I 


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WATER    SUPPLY. 


339 


TAHI.K  XXXII. — VT/M/W  of  imtrr  *uj>j>lii. 


Department. 

Total  num- 
ber of 
dwellings. 

Cistern. 

Aque- 
duct. 

Spring. 

River. 

Not 

stated. 

Aguadilla                 

17,786 

12,583 

23 

695 

4,456 

29 

26  504 

9  776 

24 

1,394 

15,  25'2 

58 

Bavamon 

••:;  SM 

9,474 

391 

3,455 

10,403 

116 

(tiiavama      

18,928 

4,665 

1,011 

241 

12,955 

56 

15  456 

3  253 

637 

990 

10,  520 

56 

MavagiH'x                

22  171 

9  741 

2,  47l) 

894 

S.914 

146 

Ponce  

33,621 

5,601 

4,831 

227 

22,848 

114 

Porto  Rico  

158  305 

55  093 

9,988 

7,896 

85,348 

575 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGfADILLA. 


District. 

Total  num- 
ber of 
dwellings. 

Cistern. 

ffie:  ****• 

River. 

Not 
stated. 

Aguada  

2  025 

1  503 

5                  9 

511 

2 

Aguadilla  

3  097 

1  970 

113 

1,004 

5 

Isabela  

2  542 

1  933 

394 

211 

4 

Lares  

3  747 

2  828 

18                92 

801 

8 

Moca  

2  298 

2  052 

30 

215 

1 

Rincon  

1  127 

740 

1 

385 

1 

San  Sebastian  

2,950 

1  557 

56 

1,329 

8 

The  department  

17  786 

12  583 

23              695 

4,456 

29 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 


Arecibo   .  .             

5  667 

2  887 

233 

2,532 

15 

Barccluneta  '.  

1,524 

1,170 

1 

95 

256 

2 

Gunny. 

1  953 

830 

315 

806 

2 

Ciale*    .              

2  856 

869 

1 

41 

1,941 

4 

Hatillo  

1,740 

1  053 

80 

597 

10 

Manati 

2  424 

1  124 

20 

280 

995 

5 

Morovis  .   

1  765 

510 

1 

4 

1,244 

6 

Quebradillas  

1,236 

745 

322 

167 

2 

Utuado  

7  339 

588 

^ 

24 

ti.  714 

12 

The  department  . 

26  504 

9  776 

•>4 

1,394 

15,252 

58 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAM<»N. 


Bavamon 

3  347          1  192 

1 

643 

1  478 

33 

Carolina  

2,055             843 

1 

60 

1,145 

6 

Corozal 

1  839              7'»> 

1  039 

2 

Dorado  

697              513 

123 

60 

1 

Loiza  

2,  104              932 

3 

27 

1,139 

3 

Naranjito                     .... 

1,251              563 

688 

Rio  Grande 

2  089              472 

3 

53 

1  558 

3 

Rio  Piedra-; 

2  1%              442 

12 

177 

1  543 

22 

San  Juan  

2,  519              373 

370 

J.600 

151 

25 

Toa  \lta 

1  324              809 

504 

7 

Toa  Baja        

701              412 

249 

36 

4 

Trujillo  Alto 

923               Io4 

52 

415 

2 

Vega  Alta           

1.076              809 

77 

190 

Vega  Baja  

1,718              862 

1 

390 

8 

The  department  

23,  839     '     9.  474 

391 

3.455 

10,403 

116 

340 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXXII. — Source  of  water  supply — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 


District. 

Total  num- 
ber of 
dwellings. 

Cistern. 

Aque- 
duct. 

Spring. 

River. 

Not 

stated. 

Aguas  Buenas  

1,306 

637 

10 

655 

4 

Arrovo  

783 

339 

jj 

437 

4 

3,406 

428 

169 

2  803 

5 

(  'a  ve  v           

2,359 

383 

1 

12 

1  957 

c, 

Cidra  .            

1,326 

2 

1  316 

8 

Comerio  

660 

1 

673 

2 

2?  ''SO 

270 

1  010 

29 

967 

14 

Gurabo  

1,405 

502 

901 

2 

Juncos  

1,417 

498 

1 

916 

2 

Salinas  

995 

440 

u 

537 

3 

San  Lorenzo 

2,305 

506 

1 

1  793 

5 

The  department  

18,928 

4,665 

1  Oil 

241 

r>  <)55 

56 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 


Fajardo  

3,012 

340 

115 

-  :>!•> 

15 

Humacao  

2,307 

552 

239 

1  509 

7 

Maunabo                .        

1  157 

9 

29 

1   115 

4 

Naguabo        

1,875 

650 

303 

167 

750 

5 

Patillas  

2,058 

259 

332 

2 

1   IV) 

10 

Piedras  

1,488 

317 

1 

1    li'it1, 

4 

Vieques  

1,273 

834 

430 

s 

1 

Yabucoa  

2  286 

292 

(y 

1  975 

10 

The  department  

15,456 

3,253 

637 

990 

10  520 

56 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


Afiasco....                        ..              

2,411 

1,366 

237 

802 

6 

Cabo  Rojo  

2,886 

2,338 

256 

272 

20 

Hormigueros  

594 

336 

32 

221 

5 

Lajas 

1,473 

1  075 

59 

333 

6 

Las  Marias.     .  .                                . 

2,070 

462 

29 

6 

1  569 

4 

Maricao      

1,570 

432 

41 

14 

1  079 

4 

Mavaguez  

5,736 

1,361 

2,404 

83 

1,798 

90 

City  of  Mayaguez 

2  107 

I 

I  998 

16 

g 

83 

Sabana  Grande 

1,861 

531 

71 

1  252 

7 

San  Gf>rm«n 

3,570 

1,840 

2 

136 

1  588 

4 

The  department  

22,171 

9,741 

li.  -ITli 

894 

8,914 

146 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 


Adjuntas  

3,416 

603 

57 

1 

2,743 

12 

Aibonito  

1  .  :Vj.s 

139 

1,186 

3 

Barranquitas 

1  261 

254 

1 

1  004 

2 

Barros  

2,292 

325 

1 

1,963 

3 

Coamo  v  

2,362 

51 

3 

2,304 

4 

Gua  vanilla  

1,622 

259 

9 

7 

1,342 

5 

Juana  Diaz  

4,399 

636 

267 

20 

3,466 

10 

Pefluelas 

2,044 

578 

2 

1  460 

4 

Ponce  

9,413 

859 

4,436 

70 

3,985 

63 

City  of  Ponce  

4,629 

180 

It,  286 

27 

93 

W 

Santa  Isabel 

807 

398 

10 

399 

Yauco  

'  4,  677 

1,499 

61 

113 

2,996 

8 

The  department 

33,621 

5,601 

4,831 

227 

22  848 

114 

DISPOSAL    OF    GARBAGE. 


341 


TAHI.K  XXXIII.—  Di 


l  of  y<irl><H/<  . 


Department. 

Total  num- 
ber of 
dwellings. 

City. 

Private. 

Burn. 

Not 

stated. 

Aguadilla                  

17,786 

1,676 

15,  050 

1,029 

31 

Arecibo                       

26,504 

2,491 

23,087 

859 

67 

23,839 

3,213 

16,311 

3,675 

640 

Guavama                         

18,928 

3,748 

T2.747 

2,367 

66 

Humacao                  

15,456 

2,373 

8,537 

4,458 

88 

22,171 

2,189 

17,746 

2,  132 

104 

Ponce                    

33,621 

4,504 

18,869 

10,117 

131 

Porto  Rico         

158,305 

20,194 

112,  347 

24,  637 

1.1_>7 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA. 


District. 

Total  num- 
ber of 
dwellings. 

City. 

Private. 

Burn. 

Not 
stated. 

Aguada                         

2,025 

1,533 

491 

1 

Aguadilla                            

3,097 

792 

2,269 

31 

Isabela  

2,542 

168 

2,233 

136 

5 

3,747 

185 

3,400 

153 

9 

2,298 

215 

1,980 

100 

3 

Rincon  .                .  .           

1,127 

1,021 

106 

San  Sebastian  

2,950 

310 

2,614 

12 

8 

The  department  

17,  7£6 

1,676 

15.050 

1,029 

31 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 


Arecibo  

5,667 

867 

4,471 

314 

15 

Barceloneta  

1,524 

1,411 

111 

2 

Camuv  

1,953 

78 

1,828 

44 

3 

Ciales  

2,856 

198 

2,546 

107 

'6 

Hatillo 

'  1,740 

1 

1,720 

12 

Manati  

2,424 

785 

1,399 

233 

7 

Morovis 

1,765 

1,755 

4 

6 

Quebradillas  

1,236 

152 

1,080 

2 

2 

Utuado  

7,339 

410 

6,877 

37 

15 

The  department  

•26.  504 

2,  491 

23,087 

859 

07 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 


Bavamon  

3,347 

411              2  668 

246 

22 

Carolina  .•  

•J  n.Vi 

401              1,578 

66 

10 

Corozal 

1  839 

1  511 

261 

67 

Dorado  

697 

546 

151 

Loiza 

2  104 

1  470 

370 

204 

Naraiijito  . 

1,251 

1,207 

44 

Rio  Grande  

2,089 

232              1,397 

388 

72 

Rio  Piedras            

2,1% 

185              1  724 

275 

]•> 

San  Juan   

2,519 

1  .  4-Vj                  471 

590 

6 

Toa  Alta  

1,324 

is?                  538 

597 

2 

Toa  Baja 

701 

341 

356 

4 

Trujillo  Alto  

923 

19                  710 

23 

171 

1,076 

886 

190 

Vega  Baja  

1,718 

:52ii              1,264 

118 

10 

The  department  

•23.  839 

3/213            10.311 

3,  675 

040 

342 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    POETO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXXIII. — I)i$j>u.iul  "i  n-jr/xn/i- — ( '( 
DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 


District. 

Total  num- 
ber of 
dwellings. 

City. 

Private. 

Burn. 

Not 
stated. 

Aguas  Buenas   

1,306 

207 

1  092 

Arroyo  

TV; 

481 

298 

4 

Caguas                               

3,406 

895 

2  297 

208 

| 

Cavev                       -   ".  

2,359 

468 

1  196 

689 

6 

Cidra'  .  .           

1,326 

219 

1  098 

1 

8 

Comerio  

1,336 

201 

1,078 

44 

13 

f}ii«yfln>*i                                             - 

2,290 

801 

1  037 

439 

13 

Gurabo                             .      .           

1,405 

'    233 

1  168 

2 

2 

Juncos                 

1,417 

377 

675 

363 

Salinas  

995 

142 

540 

310 

o 

San  Lorenzo  

2,305 

205 

2,085 

10 

c 

The  department  

18,928 

3,748 

12  747 

2  367 

66 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 


Fajardo  

3,012 

681 

1  497 

819 

15 

Humacao  

2,307 

463 

1,663 

176 

5 

Maunabo  

1,157 

200 

454 

499 

4 

Naguabo 

1,875 

296 

370 

1  175 

34 

Paflllas  

2,058 

340 

1,028 

676 

14 

Piedras  

1,488 

1,041 

443 

4 

Vieques  

1,273 

262 

631 

379 

1 

Yabucoa  

2,286 

131 

1,853 

291 

11 

The  department  

15,456 

2,  373 

8  537 

3  458 

-- 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


Aflasco  

2,411 

350 

1,629 

427 

5 

Cabo  Rojo                                        

•>  MM; 

21 

2  235 

610 

01U 

•_1» 

I  lormigueros                

594 

582 

Lajas  .        

1,473 

1,280 

186 

Las  Marias  

2,070 

30 

1,806 

231 

3 

Maricao  

1,570 

102 

1,451 

8 

9 

5,736 

1,375 

3,947 

369 

45 

(  'ity  of  Mayaffuez 

S,  107 

1,371, 

'-•i: 

706 

;/; 

1,861 

1  854 

1 

B 

San  German  

3,570 

311 

2,962 

293 

4 

The  department  

22,  171 

2,189 

17,746 

2,  132 

104 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 


Adjuntas     

3,  416                 208 

2.838 

i">7 

13 

Aibonito 

1  328 

607 

718 

3 

1,261 

1  078 

177 

6 

Barros  

2,292                    15 

2,074 

200 

3 

Coamo                              

2,  362                  415 

1,014 

929 

4 

1,622 

1  247 

370 

6 

.1  liana  Diaz                   

4,399                  311 

2,839 

1,238 

11 

2,  044    

914 

1,124 

(i 

Ponce                              

9,413              3,127 

2,660 

3,559 

117 

City  of  Ponce      

4,629              3,  US 

.'.''  \ 

1,170 

',: 

807    

234 

573 

Yaiico                                            

4,677                  428 

3,364 

872 

13 

The  department              

33,621              4,504 

18,869 

10,  117 

131 

DISPOSAL    OF    EXCRETA. 


343 


TABLE  XXXIV. — Disposal  of  es<-rft«. 


Department. 

Total  num- 
ber of 
dwellings. 

Cesspool. 

Sewer. 

None. 

Not 

stated. 

Aguadilla                     

17,786 

3,042 

27 

14,682 

35 

Arecibo  -  

26,504 

4,488 

39 

21,914 

63 

23,839 

6,581 

328 

16,383 

547 

Guavama                      

18,928 

4,408 

24 

14,441 

55 

15,456 

2,547 

17 

12,  521 

371 

Mavaguez                

22,171 

5,209 

240 

16,649 

73 

Ponce  

33,621 

8,554 

506 

24,334 

227 

Porto  Rico  

158,305 

34.829 

1,181 

120,924 

1,371 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA. 


District. 


Total  num- 
ber of 


Sewer. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 


None. 


Not 


dwellings. 

stat 

ed. 

Aguada  

2,025 

210                     4 

1  806 

5 

Aguadilla 

3  097 

743                     5 

2  341 

8 

Isabela  

2  542 

185                     1 

2  351 

5 

Lares 

3  747 

907                    14 

2  818 

g 

Moca  .... 

2  298 

338 

1  959 

1 

Rincon  

1,127 

78                     2 

1  047 

San  Sebastian  

2,950 

581                      1 

2,360  ; 

g 

The  department.  .  . 

17.786 

3.042                   27 

14.6S2 

35 

ECIBO. 

994 

15              4,642 

16 

222 

1              1,299 

2 

295 

2              1,654 

2 

507 

4              2,337 

8 

207 

1  523 

10 

713 

1               1,706 

4 

238 

1               1,520 

6 

167 

1              1,066 

2 

1,145 

14              6,  167 

13 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 


Bavamon  

3  347 

1  033 

11 

2  282                  21 

Carolina  

2  055 

517 

3 

1*298                237 

Corozal  

1  831 

237 

1  597                   5 

Dorado  ... 

697 

267 

8 

4jq                        8 

Loiza  

2  104 

35*> 

1 

1  555  I              196 

Naranjita  

1,251 

119 

l'l32 

Rio  Grande  

2  089 

13 

1  514                   6 

Bio  Piedras  

2  196 

489 

4 

1  668                  35 

San  Juan  

2  519 

1  778 

281 

4J8                  12 

Toa  Alta  

1  324 

215 

1  107 

Toa  Baja  

701 

380 

309                  12 

Trujillo  Alto  

923 

102 

- 

808                   6 

Vega  Alta  

1,076 

184 

1 

891 

Vega  Baja  

1  718 

351 

4 

1  355                   8 

The  department  

23  839 

6  581 

328 

16  383                547 

344 


KKI'ORT   ON   THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXXIV. — Dixjxnuil  <>f  <:mrtit — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAVAMA. 


District. 

Total  num- 
ber of 
dwellings. 

Cesspool. 

Sewer. 

None. 

Not 
stated. 

1,306 

176 

4 

1  121 

5 

783 

303 

2 

474 

4 

3,406 

1,054 

5 

2  341 

6 

2,359 

524 

5 

1,825 

5 

Cidra   

1,326 

295 

1,023 

g 

Comerio  

1,336 

238 

1,096 

2 

2,290 

867 

5 

1  405 

13 

1,405 

123 

1  280 

2 

Juncos           

1,417 

230 

1 

1,184 

I 

Salinas  

995 

417 

2 

573 

3 

San  Lorenzo            

2,305 

181 

2  119 

5 

The  department 

18  928 

4  408 

24 

14  441 

55 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 


Fajardo    

3,012 

646 

2 

2  349 

15 

Humacao  

2,307 

504 

3 

1  795 

5 

Maunabo  

1,157 

80 

2 

1,071 

4 

1,875 

398 

1  155  i 

322 

Patillas                  

2,058 

422 

6 

1  620 

10 

Piedras          

1    IS* 

132 

2 

1  350 

4 

Vieques  

1,273 

285 

1 

985  i 

2 

Yabucoa  

2,286 

80 

1 

2,196 

9 

The  department  

15,456 

2,547 

17 

12  521 

371 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


2,411 

538 

3 

1  865 

5 

Cabo  Rojo              

2,886 

462 

1 

2  403 

20 

Hormigueros  

594 

73 

1 

515 

5 

Lajas  

1,473 

324 

1,143 

6 

I,as  Marias  

2,070 

238 

10 

1,819 

3 

Maricao  

1,570 

275 

33 

1,256 

6 

5,736 

2,370 

148 

3,197 

21 

2,107 

1  591 

131 

570 

15 

Sabana  Grande  

1,861 

230 

1 

1,625 

5 

San  German  

3,570 

699 

43 

2,826 

2 

The  department       

22,171 

5  209 

240 

16  649 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 


3  416 

623 

241 

2  486 

66 

Aibonito  

1,328 

238 

4 

1,083 

3 

1,261 

61 

1,206 

4 

2,292 

130 

3 

2,152 

7 

2  362 

421 

1  937 

4 

Guavanilla  

1,622 

111 

3 

1,503 

5 

4,399 

419 

4 

3,965 

11 

Penuelas               

2,044 

231 

4 

1,803 

6 

Ponce                  

9,413 

4,836 

220 

4,246 

111 

I,,  619 

S,6ltl 

Sll 

731 

U6 

Santa  Isabel            

807 

151 

1 

655 

Yauco                

4,677 

1,343 

26 

3,298 

10 

The  department  

33,621 

8,554 

506 

24,334 

227 

-i 
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VITAL    STATISTICS. 


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348  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

TABLK  XXXVI. — Miirrini/<:*  in  I'ar/o  lli<'<>,  IsStf  In  IS'tf,  //«•/»/.•.•/>»•,  /<//  department*  <ntd 


Guayama 


Departments  and  muni- 
cipal districts. 

1888. 

1889. 

18%. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

18%. 

1897. 

1898. 

Total. 

485 

450 

595 

648 

626 

572 

556 

673 

657 

532 

390 

(i  1M 

Aguada  

53 

52 

72 

98 

72 

75 

63 

81 

55 

45 

45 

'ai 

\guadilla            

25 

39 

63 

67 

100 

109 

93 

146 

135 

75 

87 

939 

44 

49 

94 

55 

71 

59 

57 

73 

72 

77 

44 

695 

Lares            

146 

121 

143 

154 

143 

128 

149 

143 

164 

103 

60 

1   4.>4 

Moca      

84 

81 

72 

90 

105 

53 

55 

116 

89 

64 

65 

814 

28 

21 

46 

56 

24 

34 

22 

37 

35 

76 

29 

408 

San  Sebastian        

105 

87 

105 

128 

111 

114 

117 

107 

92 

60 

1  103 

Arecibo     

845 

484 

855 

624 

666 

841 

734 

956 

822 

857 

487 

S  171 

Arecibo  

33 

86 

113 

110 

125 

95 

109 

110 

135 

187 

140 

1.243 

Barceloneta  l        

Camuv            

108 

84 

45 

49 

63 

76 

45 

58 

73 

50 

29 

680 

Ciales  

210 

35 

108 

76 

62 

67 

79 

94 

87 

85 

29 

932 

Hatillo  

65 

59 

71 

33 

32 

48 

40 

52 

38 

51 

Jl 

510 

Manati  

57 

13 

47 

32 

56 

193 

102 

113 

142 

131' 

93 

978 

Morovis 

16 

1 

67 

53 

51 

42 

66 

78 

61 

4.i 

37 

517 

Quebradillas      

64 

54 

64 

69 

52 

53 

12 

B6 

40 

97 

29 

619 

Utuado  

292 

152 

340 

202 

296 

267 

251 

396 

246 

212 

109 

2  692 

304 

375 

577 

469 

550 

601 

475 

587 

549 

445 

428 

r>  360 

Bavamon 

29 

19 

95 

69 

86 

102 

72 

99 

85 

65 

77 

798 

Carolina  

6 

57 

29 

35 

47 

41 

35 

52 

37 

14 

21 

404 

Corozal  

69 

55 

90 

63 

74 

81 

60 

102 

82 

47 

43 

766 

Dorado 

8 

5 

10 

9 

7 

16 

7 

8 

10 

1 

15 

% 

Loiza                    . 

10 

19 

18 

17 

14 

11 

17 

18 

53 

177 

Naranjito 

36 

48 

49 

46 

37 

47 

25 

49 

34 

21 

28 

420 

Rio  Piedras  

34 

•17 

19 

21 

40 

29 

29 

27 

29 

32 

27 

334 

San  Juan  

51 

54 

113 

104 

148 

102 

124 

134 

111 

86 

1  166 

Toa  Alta  

17 

29 

36 

19 

25 

35 

38 

30 

32 

25 

10 

296 

Toa  Baja 

2 

8 

19 

7 

8 

3 

13 

13 

8 

5 

6 

92 

Trujillo  Alto 

8 

7 

14 

11 

14 

21 

13 

19 

26 

20 

18 

171 

Vega  Alta  .           

7 

5 

33 

16 

14 

17 

30 

20 

17 

30 

10 

199 

Vega  Baja  

37 

41 

60 

50 

41 

44 

37 

33 

38 

26 

::i 

441 

327       205       383       358       425  |    4%  I    404 


427       393  I    315  |      4.123 


\guas  Buenas 

29 

31 

39 

31 

98 

76 

42 

43 

41 

26 

15 

471 

Arrovo 

9 

•7 

24 

16 

20 

14 

12 

15 

7 

11 

139 

Caguas 

31 

15 

64 

69 

81 

75 

70 

77 

66 

83 

54 

686 

Cavey  

57 

44 

47 

37 

35 

36 

40 

36 

39 

43 

34 

448 

Cidra  

12 

35 

53 

36 

37 

44 

38 

37 

42 

38 

39 

411 

Comerio    

36 

19 

34 

31 

18 

37 

26 

23 

34 

41 

27 

326 

Guavama 

29 

5 

30 

27 

33 

34 

51 

33 

31 

"1 

.» 

316 

Gurabo 

11 

5 

20 

18 

20 

43 

26 

33 

86 

51 

32 

345 

Juncos  

U 

4 

16 

24 

23 

35 

26 

27 

19 

22 

26 

240 

Salinas  

21 

3 

14 

9 

n 

15 

18 

10 

16 

22 

9 

144 

San  Lorenzo 

74 

40 

59 

52 

67 

81 

53 

49 

38 

39 

46 

598 

Humacao  

151 

126 

252 

224 

277 

367 

285 

283 

229 

241 

294 

2,  729 

Fajardo 

27 

24 

63 

49 

47 

72 

49 

63 

49 

47 

131 

621 

Humacao  . 

16 

35 

48 

44 

39 

34 

42 

23 

33 

23 

375 

Maunabo  

12 

21 

28 

17 

25 

32 

20 

19 

17 

14 

11 

216 

Naguabo  

29 

27 

49 

35 

58 

68 

43 

36 

47 

38 

36 

466 

Patillas...  

7 

3 

16 

22 

24 

53 

40 

28 

21 

32 

19 

265 

Piedras  . 

30 

B 

37 

34 

27 

38 

39 

II 

30 

33 

39 

359 

Rio  Grande  *  

2 

2 

13 

12 

34 

45 

45 

32 

29 

30 

27 

271 

Vieques  

6 

3 

11 

7 

18 

20 

15 

19 

13 

14 

8 

134 

Yabucoa  

22 

22 

Muvaguez            

278 

232 

586 

743 

691 

621 

864 

711 

528 

477 

362 

6,093 

Afiasco  

28 

19 

57 

64 

93 

72 

70 

104 

80 

(U 

41 

692 

Cabo  Rojo    

37 

1 

74 

84 

80 

90 

89 

% 

47 

67 

56 

721 

Hormigueros  

13 

16 

±2 

12 

15 

9 

17 

18 

is 

140 

Lajas 

6 

4 

49 

43 

54 

39 

:,-> 

37 

37 

25 

18 

364 

Las  Marias 

45 

35 

53 

59 

60 

58 

68 

80 

62 

56 

32 

608 

Maricao  

12 

10 

29 

30 

30 

27 

58 

26 

16 

16 

20 

274 

Mavaguez  

77 

68 

139 

173 

181 

161 

140 

145 

128 

116 

*9 

1,417 

Sabana  Grande  
San  German  . 

29 
44 

M 
32 

65 
107 

129 
145 

63 
108 

64 

98 

56 
316 

49 
165 

52 
89 

39 

:»; 

87 

51 

646 
1,231 

'Includfd  with  district  of  Manati. 

a  Included  in  department  <>f  llmuacao  for  reason-  i>x|il:ii!ic>l  0:1 


11. 


VITAL    STATISTICS. 


349 


TABLE  XXXVJ. — M«rri«</t'is  in  Porto  Rico,  1888  to  1898,  iiiclnxirt',  hy  depai-tiin'itts  and 
municipal  districts — Continued. 


Departments  and  muni- 
cipal districts. 

1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898.     Total. 

Ponce. 

899 

529 

831 

828 

751 

799 

616 

(>75 

561 

784 

452         7  725 

Adjuntas 

139 

68 

106 

171 

113 

100 

88 

73 

84 

78 

34         1  054 

Aibonito  

41 

31 

60 

38 

27 

37 

28 

43 

27 

33 

25            390 

Barranquitas 

47 

22 

55 

53 

55 

63 

34 

48 

54 

127 

4.r>            603 

Barros  

113 

76 

64 

102 

104 

77 

67 

75 

72 

44 

50            844 

Coamo 

99 

9 

66 

61 

43 

58 

47 

50 

31 

29 

43            536 

Gua  vanilla  

56 

31 

48 

31 

46 

43 

20 

21 

12 

21 

14            343 

Juana  Diaz 

76 

26 

53 

63 

65 

35 

91 

3"' 

79 

•-,->             647 

Pefiuelas            

13 

40 

46 

30 

46 

51 

41 

26 

14 

91 

11             409 

149 

131 

175 

199 

156 

189 

149 

156 

141 

156 

118         i  719 

Santa  Isabel.. 

32 

15 

21 

9 

14 

15 

21 

12 

•'1 

29 

12           *204 

Yauco  

134 

80 

115 

81 

84 

101 

86 

80 

70 

97 

48            976 

350  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


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352 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXXVIII. — Farm  <n-<}<ix  in  cm  r<l<i*. 
PORTO  RICO. 


Department. 

Number  of 
farms. 

Total  area. 

Culti- 
vated. 

Large 
timber. 

Small 
timber. 

Porto  Rico                    

39,021 

1,757,774 

477,  987 

141,803 

161,313 

Aguadilla     

6,266 

176,  751 

55,  808 

8,  656 

16,534 

6.764 

337,  735 

101  ,  030 

38,869 

52,  982 

5,586 

253  247 

43  785 

16  073 

16  841 

Guayama  

3,975 

225,  182 

49,653 

17,070 

15,745 

3,273 

174,SL'l 

31,302 

15,  735 

7,322 

6,  218 

223,  942 

78,  989 

20,  7% 

18,163 

Ponce  

6,939 

366,093 

117,420 

24,604 

33,  726 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA. 


District. 

Number  of 
farms. 

Total  area. 

Culti- 
vated. 

Large 
timber. 

Small 
timber. 

Aguada  

970 

17,442 

4,844 

704 

56u 

Aguadilla               

820 

19,711 

5,  666 

1,177 

2  208 

Isabela  

898 

29,  492 

7,212 

1,823 

4,202 

Lares  

931 

35,718 

17,124 

1,893 

4,956 

Moca  

968 

24,  193 

5,104 

1,028 

1,015 

Rincon                            .  .                

569 

7,  855 

2,  771 

108 

876 

San  Sebastian  

1,110 

42,340 

13,  087 

1,923 

2,717 

Total 

6,266 

176,751 

55  808 

8  656 

16  534 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AREC1BO. 


Arecibo  

1,448 

69,965 

15,064 

11,118 

15,130 

Barceloneta                  .             

364 

19,  260 

4,711 

2,799 

2  766 

Camuy  

532 

23,  724 

4,266 

1,228 

1   Mil 

Ciales  

715 

40,835 

17,153 

4,050 

4,612 

Hatillo  

577 

23,  951 

4,115 

1,708 

2,  113 

Manati  

455 

20,954 

4,131 

2,758 

3,534 

Morovis            

537 

24,  250 

6,  026 

972 

1,868 

Quebradillas  

435 

12,330 

2,  665 

850 

1  ,  ;V.« 

Utuado  

1,701 

102,466 

42,  899 

13,  391 

26,  232 

Total  

6,764 

337,735 

101,030 

38,869 

52,  982 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 


Bayamon  

727 

32,  682 

5,122 

1,658 

2,  727 

Carolina 

447 

17,991 

3,815 

625 

318 

Corozal  

771 

24,466 

4,929 

443 

1,593 

Dorado  

123 

12,449 

965 

1,250 

1,3% 

Loiza  

466 

27,  892 

6,280 

1,700 

1,157 

Naranjito  

395 

16,497 

4,398 

286 

477 

Rio  Grande                   .             ...             .... 

465 

31,  453 

4,911 

6,294 

3,  492 

Rio  Piedras  

576 

23,  401 

2,783 

<;i2 

1,558 

San  Juan 

65 

1,445 

174 

21 

Toa  Alta  

353 

11,130 

1,324 

334 

868 

Toa  Baja 

128 

8,061 

1,029 

783 

624 

Tnijillo  Alto  .           .                                

311 

10,566 

1,330 

116 

225 

Vega  Alta  

307 

12,869 

2,754 

1,449 

1,164 

Vega  Baja  

463 

22,  342 

3,971 

1,573 

1,843 

Total  

5,586 

253,  247 

43,  785 

16,  073 

16,841 

STATISTICS    OF    AGRICULTURE. 


353 


TABLE  XXXVIII — Farm  areas  in  cuerda* — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 


District. 

Number  of 
farms. 

Total  area. 

Culti- 
vated. 

Large 
timber. 

Small 
timber. 

Aguas  Buenas  

415 

18,640 

5,180 

900 

567 

99 

6,141 

2,108 

Ciisiia*                    

567 

34,241 

5,117 

1,167 

2,639 

561 

28,585 

10,758 

1,6W 

4,055 

Cjilra                         

419 

19,300 

4,387  i 

56* 

881 

Comerio  

323 

18,154 

5,799 

1,002 

85 

Gua  vama                   

277 

22,159 

5,442 

6.235 

4,151 

Gurabo  

279 

15,591 

2,262 

:«4 

666 

322 

14,000 

2,963 

399 

269 

Salinas  

99 

20,757 

1,8% 

2,776 

1,616 

San  Lorenzo 

614 

27,614 

3,  741 

1,949 

816 

Total 

3,975 

225  182 

49,653 

17,070 

15,  745 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 


Culebra,  Isla  de  

54 

2,677 

263 

863 

Fajardo 

397 

32,224 

6,548 

3,010 

1  558 

Humacao..     .                                  .  . 

485 

19,373 

3,135 

216 

602 

Maunabo 

273 

11,765 

2,972 

856 

278 

Naguabo 

316 

16,783 

2,  273 

3,426 

1,786 

Patillas  

481 

22,713 

4,924 

2,413 

135 

Piedras  . 

552 

16,235 

1,780 

658 

441 

Vieques  . 

120 

25,813 

4,003 

3,307 

2,361 

Yabucoa... 

595 

27.241 

5,404 

986 

161 

Total 


DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 


1 

' 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGl'KZ. 

Anasco  

723 
-  935 
166 
513 
647 
265 
1,128 
542 
1,299 

20,871 
36,806 
5,986 
30,072 
30,334 
22,648 
30,782 
17,894 
28,549 

8,092 
6,630 
1,775 
5,409 
17,451 
13,109 
13,430 
4,233 
8,860 

644 
6,153 
265 
2,987 
2,590 
3.629 
1,467 
1,380  . 
1,681 

1,906 
3,895 
41 
1,816 
5,341 
1,880 
1,620 
562 
1,102 

Cabo  Rojo 

Hormigueros  

Lajas  

La?  Marias  

Maricao  

Mavaguez  

Sabana  Grande  

Sail  German  

Total  

6.218 

223,942 

78,989 

20,796 

1 

18,163 

Adjuntas  

734 

42  399 

23  306 

4  585 

7  009 

Aibonito  

302 

14  272 

4  174 

Barranquitas  

560 

21  515 

5  273 

792 

1  220 

Barros  

795 

40  909 

12  836 

5  106 

5  310 

Coamo  

599 

35  873 

7  040 

1  •;»!, 

1  079 

Gna  vanilla  

546 

22  146 

6  697 

2  275 

2  042 

J  uana  Diaz  

764 

43  373 

14  877 

2  313 

3  845 

Penuelas  ... 

701 

24  578 

6  264 

2  191 

1  889 

Ponce  

749 

51  402 

19  517 

3  585 

2  483 

('it  II  lif  Pn/iri  

5 

g  010 

658 

Santa  Isabel  

72 

14  593 

2  208 

•>4 

1  716 

Yauco  

1  117 

55  033 

15  228 

•7  053 

7  133 

Total  

6  939 

366  093 

117  420 

24  604 

33  726 

| 

8490—00 23 


354 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


TABLE  XXXIX. — Tenure  of  farms,  by  size  and  by  race  of  occupant. 
PORTO  RICO. 


Number 
of 
farms. 

Oto4 
cuerdas. 

5  to  9 
cuerdas. 

10  to  19 
cuerdas. 

20  to  49 
cuerdas. 

50  to  99 
cuerdas. 

100  cuer- 
das and 
over. 

White  owners  

27,617 

14,675 

5,452 

3,527 

2,380 

833 

750 

White  renters                 

1,841 

H6 

377 

247 

190 

77 

65 

Colored  owners  

8,555 

6,113 

1,410 

650 

295 

68 

19 

Colored  renters  

569 

400 

103 

38 

22 

5 

1 

Other  

439 

254 

75 

41 

42 

11 

16 

Total  

39,021 

22,327 

7,417 

4,503 

2,929 

994 

851 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA. 


White  owners  

5,325 

3,248 

1,003 

561 

335 

116 

62 

\Vhiterentere  

413 

219 

97 

53 

34 

10 

Colored  owners  

466 

317 

77 

42 

20 

8 

2 

Colored  renters.. 

32 

18 

5 

5 

3 

1 

Other  

30 

13 

9 

6 

1 

1 

Total 

6  266 

3,815 

1,191 

667 

M 

135 

65 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 


White  owners  

5,579 

2  521 

1  183 

849 

629 

228 

169 

White  renters  

137 

57 

30 

21 

16 

10 

3 

Colored  owners  

989 

612 

182 

118 

57 

13 

7 

Colored  renters  

13 

5 

4 

3 

1 

Other  

46 

27 

5 

7 

3 

2 

2 

Total  

6,764 

3,222 

1  404 

998 

706 

253 

181 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMoN 


White  owners  

3,193 

1,907 

651 

381 

175 

.0 

39 

White  renters  

270 

141 

53 

34 

21 

4 

17 

Colored  owners 

1  807 

1  422 

254 

99 

28 

3 

1 

Colored  renters..        .  .. 

199 

154 

32 

8 

5 

Other 

117 

85 

19 

6 

6 

1 

Total  .  . 

5  586 

3  709 

1,009 

528 

235 

47 

58 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 


White  owners  

2,307 

1,063 

518 

364 

232 

82 

48 

White  renters 

405 

174 

70 

69 

59 

19 

14 

Colored  owners 

1  0% 

701 

224 

95 

59 

16 

1 

Colored  renters  

117 

71 

29 

8 

7 

2 

Other  

50 

25 

2 

Q 

2 

3 

Total  

3  975 

2  034 

850 

538 

366 

121 

66 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 


White  owners  

1,701 

1,236 

250 

103                47                21 

44 

White  renters  

143 

91 

16 

13                  3                  8 

n 

Colored  owners 

1  302 

1  064 

165 

59                12                  2 

Colored  renters.  .  . 

86 

71 

10 

3                  2    

Other 

41 

22 

12 

•2                  4  1               1 

Total  

3,273 

2,484 

453 

180                68                32 

56 

!                 i 

STATISTICS    OF    AGRICULTURE. 


355 


T.USI.K  XXXIX.  — Tenure  of  farms,  by  size  and  by  race  of  occupant — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


Number 
of 
farms. 

Oto4 
cuerdas. 

5to9 
cuerdas. 

10  to  19 
cuerdas. 

20  to  49 
cuerdas. 

50  to  99 
cuerdas. 

100  cuer- 
das and 
over. 

White  owners  

4,541 

2,489 

805 

509 

406 

159 

173 

White  renters 

283 

137 

67 

33 

33 

11 

2 

Colored  owners  

1,238 

906 

197 

76 

43 

12 

4 

Colored  renters 

65 

44 

13 

6 

1 

1 

Other  

91 

53 

12 

10 

8 

3 

5 

Total    

6,218 

3,629 

1,094 

634 

490 

186 

185 

DEPARTMENT   OF   PONCE. 


White  owners  

4,971 

2,211 

1,042 

760 

556 

187 

215 

White  renters  

190 

66 

44 

24 

24 

15 

17 

Colored  owners 

1  657 

1,091 

311 

161 

76 

14 

4 

Colored  renters  

57 

37 

10 

5 

4 

1 

Other.. 

64 

29 

9 

g 

11 

3 

4 

Total 

6  939 

3  434 

1  416 

958 

671 

220 

240 

TABLE  XL. — Tenure  of  farms,  by  size  and  by  race  of  occupant,  and  cultivated  area. 

PORTO  RICO. 


Number 
of  farms. 

Oto4 
cuerdas. 

5  to  9 
cuerdas. 

10  to  19 
cuerdas. 

20  to  49 
cuerdas. 

50  to  99 
cuerdas. 

100 
cuerdas 
and  over. 

White  owners  

27,617 

33,651 

36,066 

46,099 

68,489 

54,541 

150  988 

White  renters. 

1  841 

2  166 

2  511 

3  276 

5  366 

5  010 

13  584 

Colored  owners    .  . 

8,555 

12,931 

9  126 

8  346 

8  114 

4  307 

2  960 

Colored  renters  

569 

920 

682 

507 

625 

319 

100 

Other  

439 

606 

490 

532 

1  189 

765 

3  760 

Total  .  . 

39  021 

50  274 

48  875 

58  760 

83  783 

64  942 

171  392 

DEPARTMENT   OF   AGUADILLA. 


White  owners  

5,325 

7,232 

6  562 

7  233 

9  562 

7  549 

10  214 

White  renters  

413 

568 

634 

680 

951 

623 

Colored  owners  

466 

667 

507 

554 

580 

554 

483 

Colored  renters  

32 

39 

29 

72 

% 

75 

Other  

30 

27 

59 

76 

40 

140 

Total  

6  266 

8  533 

7  791 

8  615 

11  229 

8  801 

10  837 

DEPARTMENT   OK   ARECIBO. 


White  owners  .  . 

5,579 
137 
989 
13 

46 

5,995 
155 
1.377 
US 
65 

7,828 
215 
1,198 
26 
28 

11,149 
288 
1,528 
36 

92 

18,502 
444 
1,583 
26 
82 

15,077 
578 
916 

31,  134 

748 
1,007 

White  renters  

Colored  owners. 

Colored  renters  

Other  

178 

762 

Total 

6,764 

7,607 

9,295 

13,093 

20,637 

16,749 

33,651 

DEPARTMENT  OF   BAYAMON. 


White  owners  

3,193  !        4,434 
270              332 
1,807  ;        3,069 
199  1            332 
117              197 

4,363  | 
339  ' 
1,611  ! 

•207 
120 

4.995 
466 
1,265 
121 

82 

4,822 
594 
804 
160 
160 

2,643 
280 
180 

8,818 
3,166 
120 

White  renters 

Colored  owners  

Colored  renters  

Other  

100 

Total  

5,586  |        8.364 

I 

6,640 

1 

6,929  : 

(5,540 

3,103 

12,204 

356      REPORT  ON  THE  CENSUS  OF  PORTO  RICO, 

TABI.K  XL. — Tenure  of  farina,  by  size  and  by  race  of  r><riij>nnt,  rlr. — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 


Number 
of  farms. 

Oto4 
cuerdas. 

5  to  9 
cuerdas. 

10  to  19 
cuerdas. 

20  to  49 
cuerdas. 

50  to  99 
cuerdas. 

100 
cuerdas 
n  nd  over. 

2,307 

2,521 

3,469 

4,904 

6  710 

5  359 

9  365 

White  renters 

405 

421 

489 

913 

1,734 

1  •'?•' 

3  101 

Colored  owners  

1,0% 

1,536 

1,469 

1,242 

1,645 

1,023 

130 

Colored  renters  

117 

173 

1% 

99 

179 

1  1! 

Other  

60 

66 

62 

29 

284 

128 

1,017 

Total  

3,975 

4,717 

5,685 

7,187 

10,  552 

7,921 

13,  613 

' 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 

White  owners  .  . 

1,701 
143 
1,302 
86 
41 

2,574 
215 
2,068 
157 
47 

1,609 
104 
1,049 
69 
80 

1,276 
168 
716 
42 
25 

1,350 
66 
343 
65 
123 

1,436 
574 

142 

13,  744 
3,217 

White  renters  .  . 

Colored  owners  

Colored  renters  

Other  

60 

Total       

3,273 

5,061 

2,  911 

2,227 

1,947 

2,  212 

16,  961 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 

White  owners 

4,541 
283 
1,238 
65 
91 

5,558 
299 

1  .  s.V.1 
103 
128 

5,295 
439 
1,273 
,    83 
80 

6,668 
436 
960 
78 
132 

11,660 
879 
1,145 

10,472 
658 
681 
50 
214 

28,061 
211 
500 
100 
757 

White  renters     .              

Colored  owners  

Colored  renters 

Other  

223 

Total  

6,218 

7,947 

7,170 

8,274 

13,907 

12,075 

29,629 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 

White  owners  

4,971 
190 
1.657 

5,337 
176 
2.355 

6,940 
291 
2.019 

9,874 
325 

2,081 

15,883 
698 
2.014 

12,005 
1,025 
811 

49,  652 
3,141 
720 

White  renters                       

Colored  owners.  .  . 

TABI.K  XLI. — Areas  cultivated  in  the  principal  crops,  in  cm  rilu*. 
PORTO  RICO. 


Tobac- 
co. 

Sugar 
cane. 

Rice. 

Sweet 
pota- 
toes. 

Malan- 
gas. 

Yams. 

Bana- 
nas. 

Cocoa- 
nuts. 

Coffee. 

Indian 
corn. 

White  owners  
White  renters  
Colored  owners  
Colored  renters  — 
Other  . 

4,361 
1.005 
451 
56 
90 

53,758 
14,824 
939 
341 
2,284 

6,466 
541 
1,442 
109 
109 

26,  574 
•2.  :x)9 
7,004 
650 
872 

9,057 
682 
2,271 
136 
110 

1,528 
126 

395 
28 
21 

57,837 
2,  482 
7,840 
404 
817 

4,219 

387 
620 
80 
141 

178,606 

:>.  7'.>7 
14,525 
679 
2,  525 

13,914 
1  .  -J74 
2,598 
161 
M6 

Total 

5,963 

72,  146 

8,667 

37,109 

12,256 

2,098 

69,380 

5,  147 

197.031 

18,093 

DEPARTMENT  <>K  AcJTADILLA. 


White  owners  

333 

2,751 

501 

6,811 

945 

303 

6,409 

952 

21,560 

1  .  >->:> 

White  renters  

12 

847 

49 

674 

199 

50 

493 

30 

953 

aw 

Colored  owners  — 

1 

285 

26 

383 

70 

29 

399 

66 

1,499 

132 

Colored  renters 

10 

u 

27 

8 

42 

5 

78 

30 

Other.    . 

61 

•> 

45 

1 

2 

39 

1 

129 

16 

Total.. 

351 

3  454 

578 

6  961 

1  242 

392 

7,381 

i,a>4 

24  .'17 

2,  210 

STATISTICS    OF    AGRICULTURE. 


357 


TABLE  XIJ. — Area*  <-i<ltirntcil  in  the  principal  crop*,  in  ciu'nlas — Continue"  1. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 


To- 
bacco. 

Sugar     Rice 
cane. 

Sweet 
pota- 
toes. 

Malan- 
gas. 

Yams. 

Bana- 
nas. 

Cocoa- 
nuts. 

Coffee. 

Indian 
corn. 

White  owners  

809 

3,668          565 

7,242 

1,784 

517 

19,706 

534 

46,260 

2,780 

White  renters 

37 

1,064             7 

223 

23 

6 

299 

4 

547 

94 

Colored  owners  
Colored  renters  

35 
1 

114             53 
16    

1,039 
29 

236 
1 

73 

1,799 
16 

33 

3,303 
25 

275 
8 

Other        

2 

762    

56 

8 

^ 

99 

1 

222 

22 

Total  

884 

5,  624          625 

8,589 

2,052 

600 

21  919 

572 

50,357 

3  179 

' 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 


White  owner* 

103 

7,647 

1  296 

4  234 

671 

145 

3  090 

1  156 

7  164 

998 

White  renters    .   . 

12 

3,477 

92 

428 

35 

39 

296 

47 

360 

88 

Colored  owners  
Colored  renters  — 
Other  

18 
1 
1 

256 
151 

82 

448 
37 
30 

2,040 
278 
110 

260 
13 
24 

119 
6 
10 

755 
75 
100 

427 
71 
100 

1,074 
45 
110 

302 
35 
25 

Total  

135 

11,613 

1,903 

7,084 

1  003 

319 

4  316 

1  801 

8  753 

1  448 

DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 


White  owners.  .  .  . 

1,480 

4,565 

853 

3,654 

1  704 

48 

2  952 

62 

12  212 

848 

White  renters  

441 

3,066 

150 

763 

249 

10 

403 

61 

1  905 

131 

Colored  owners  
Colored  renters  — 
Other  

187 
39 

58 

46 

1 
632 

244 
32 
20 

1,403 
155 
53 

612 
34 
27 

24 
11 
2 

1,090 
123 
34 

20 
1 

2,126 
250 
422 

281 
37 
27 

Total 

2  205 

8  310 

1  299 

6  028 

'>  626 

95 

4  602 

144 

16  915 

1  324 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 


White  owners  

253 

13,276 

417 

1,721 

1,124 

59 

1,010 

260 

2,  102 

258 

White  renters  

362 

3,274 

77 

193 

41 

2 

74 

163 

18 

20 

Colored  owners  

21 

49 

130 

1,140 

621 

41 

786 

9 

609 

167 

Colored  renters  — 

3 

46 

20 

88 

37 

1 

21 

13 

15 

Other  

2 

% 

27 

38 

34 

1 

37 

21 

38 

5 

Total  

641 

16,74 

en 

3  180 

1  857 

104 

1  928 

453 

2  780 

465 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


White  owners  

346 

7.4(17 

1,345 

1,515 

347 

246 

8,146 

1,128 

38,213 

4,053 

White  renters  

50 

722 

91 

158 

17 

18 

289 

69 

793 

441 

Colored  owners  

93 

180 

211 

466 

62 

79 

901 

61 

2,658 

569 

Colored  renters  — 

2 

117 

14 

26 

2 

2 

37 

-I 

151 

7 

Other  

11 

651 

23 

37 

7 

2 

122 

17 

601 

12 

Total 

502 

9,137 

1  684 

•>  '>02 

435 

347 

9  495 

1  276 

42  416 

5  o£2 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 


White  owners  

1,037 

14,384 

1,489 

2,397 

2,482 

210 

16,524 

127 

45,994 

3,152 

White  renters  

91 

2,874 

75 

70 

118 

1 

629 

13 

1,221 

293 

Colored  owners  

96 

9 

330 

633 

410 

30 

2,110 

4 

3,256 

>7'J 

Colored  renters  

10 

6 

32 

22 

90 

2 

119 

29 

Other  

11 

7 

33 

386 

1 

1  003 

39 

Total  

1,245 

17  267 

1  907 

3  065 

3  041 

241 

19  V39 

147 

51  593 

4  385 

858 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO, 


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REPORT   ON   THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


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APPENDICES. 


APPENDIX    I. 
WAR  DEPARTMENT  ORDER  ORGANIZING  THE  CENSUS. 

WAR  DEPARTMENT, 
Washington,  D.  C.,  Septembers,  1899. 

I.  By  direction  of  <the  President,  a  census  of  the  population,  of  the  agricultural 
products,  and  of  the  educational  conditions  of  Porto  Rico  shall  be  taken  on  the  10th 
day  of  November,  and  completed  by  or  before  the  20th  day  of  December,  1899. 

II.  Lieut.  Col.  J.  P.  Sanger,  Inspector-General,  is  appointed  Director  of  the  Census, 
with  office  in  Washington.     It  is  made  his  duty  to  superintend  and  direct  the  taking 
of  the  census,  and  to  perform  such  other  duties  as  may  be  required  of  him. 

III.  Mr.  Harrison  Dingman  is  appointed  Assistant  Director  of  the  Census,  with 
office  in  the  city  of  San  Juan,  Porto  Rico,  and  is  charged,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Director  of  the  Census,  with  the  collection  of  the  information  required  by  this  order 
and  such  instructions  as  may  be  issued. 

He  will  fill  all  vacancies  which  may  occur  among  the  supervisors  of  the  census  and 
will  appoint  all  enumerators  and  such  special  agents  as  may  be  necessary,  reporting 
his  action  to  the  Director  of  the  Census. 

IV.  For  the  purpose  of  this  census  the  island  of  Porto  Rico  is  divided  into  seven 
census  departments,  and  the  following-named  citizens  of  Porto  Rico,  nominated  by 
the  Military  Governor,  are  hereby  appointed  supervisors  of  census: 

1.  Ricardo  Hernandez,  census  department  Bayamon. 

2.  Felix  Seijo,  census  department  Arecibo. 

3.  Luis  A.  Torregrosa,  census  department  Aguadilla. 

4.  Manuel  Badrena,  census  department  Mayaguez. 

5.  Enrique  Colom,  census  department  Ponce. 

6.  Luis  Mufioz  Morales,  census  department  Guayama. 

7.  Guillermo  Riekohl,  census  department  Humacao. 

(The  islands  of  Vieques  and  Culebra  are  a  part  of  the  census  department  of  Humacao; 
the  island  of  Mona,  a  part  of  the  census  department  of  Mayaguez.) 

Each  supervisor  shall  be  duly  commissioned  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  shall  be 
suorn  to  the  faithful  performance  of  duties  by  the  Director  or  Assistant  Director  of 
the  Census,  or  by  any  civil  or  military  officer  authorized  to  administer  oaths  in  the 
form  and  manner  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

V.  Each  supervisor  of  census  shall  be  charged  with  the  performance,   within 
his  department,  of  the  following  duties:  To  consult  with  the  Assistant  Director  of 
the  Census  in  regard  to  the  division  of  his  department  into  enumeration  districts 
most  convenient  for  the  purpose  of  enumeration,  which  districts  shall  be  declared 
and  the  boundaries  thereof  fixed  by  the  Assistant  Director  of  the  Census;  to  nomi- 
nate to  him  suitable  persons  as  enumerators  within  his  department,  one  for  each 
enumeration  district  and  resident  therein;  but  in  case  it  shall  occur  in  any  enumera- 
tion district  that  no  person  qualified  to  perform  and  willing  to  undertake  the  duties 

361 


362  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

of  enumerator  resides  in  that  department,  the  supervisor  may  appoint  any  fit  person 
to  be  the  enumerator  of  that  district;  to  communicate  to  enumerators  the  necessary 
instructions  and  directions  relating  to  their  duties,  to  examine  and  scrutinize  the 
returns  of  the  enumerators,  and  in  event  of  discrepancies  or  deficiencies  appearing 
in  the  returns  for  his  department,  to  use  all  diligence  in  causing  the  same  to  be  cor- 
rected and  supplied;  to  forward  to  the  Assistant  Director  of  the  Census  the  complete 
returns  for  his  census  department  in  such  time  and  manner  as  shall  be  prescribed  by 
said  officer.  He  will  also  make  up  and  forward  to  the  disbursing  officer  of  the  army 
designated  to  make  payments  in  his  department,  not  later  than  the  25th  of  each 
month,  the  accounts  required  for  ascertaining  the  amount  of  compensation  due  him- 
self, each  enumerator  in  his  department,  his  clerk  and  messenger,  his  office  rent, 
and  current  expenses,  which  accounts  shall  be  duly  certified  as  true  and  correct  by 
the  supervisor,  and  said  accounts  so  certified  shall  be  accepted  by  the  disbursing 
officer  so  designated,  and  payment  thereon  shall  be  made  by  draft  in  favor  of  each 
person  to  whom  payment  is  due.  The  accounts  of  enumerators  will  be  sworn  to  by 
them  and  certified  as  true  and  correct  by  the  supervisors.  The  duties  imposed  upon 
the  supervisors  by  this  order  shall  be  performed,  in  any  and  all  particulars,  in 
accordance  with  the  instructions  and  directions  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  any 
supervisor  who  may  abandon,  neglect,  or  improperly  perform  the  duties  required  of 
him  by  this  order  and  the  instructions  he  may  receive,  may  be  removed  by  the 
Assistant  Director  of  the  Census,  wrho  will  report  his  action  to  the  Director  of  the 
Census. 

VI.  Each  enumerator  shall  l>e  duly  commissioned  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and 
shall  l)e  sworn  to  the  faithful  performance  of  his  duty  by  the  supervisor  of  census, 
or  by  any  civil  or  military  officer  authorized  to  administer  oaths,  and  in  the  form 
and  manner  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

VII.  Each  enumerator  shall  be  charged  with  the  collection,  in  his  district,  of  the 
facts  and  statistics  required  by  the  population  schedule,  and  such  other  schedules  as 
the  Secretary  of  War  may  determine  shall  be  used  by  him  in  connection  with  the 
census.     It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  enumerator  to  visit  personally  each  dwelling 
house  in  his  district,  and  each  family  therein,  and  each  individual  living  out  of  a 
family  in  any  place  of  abode,  and  by  inquiry  made  of  the  head  of  each  family,  or  of 
the  member  thereof  deemed  most  credible  and  worthy  of  trust,  or  of  such  individual 
living  out  of  a  family,  to  obtain  each  and  every  item  of  information  and  all  the  par- 
ticulars required  by  the  order  prescribed  as  of  the  date  November  10,  1899.     And  in 
case  no  person  shall  be  found  at  the  usual  place  of  abode  of  such  family,  or  individual 
living  out  of  a  family,  competent  to  answer  the  inquiries  made  in  compliance  with 
the  requirements  of  this  order,  then  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  enumerator  to  obtain 
the  required  information,  as  near  as  may  be  practicable,  from  the  family  or  families, 
or  person  or  persons,  living  nearest  to  such  place  of  abode;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty 
of  each  enumerator  to  forward  the  original  schedules,  duly  certified,  to  the  supervisor 
of  census  of  his  census  department  as  his  returns  under  the  provisions  of  this  order, 
and  in  the  event  of  discrepancies  or  deficiencies  being  discovered  in  his  said  returns 
he  shall  use  all  diligence  in  correcting  or  supplying  the  same.     In  case  the  district 
assigned  any  enumerator  embraces  all  or  any  part  of  any  incorporated  township,  vil- 
lage, town,  or  city,  and  also  other  territory  not  included  within  the  limits  of  such 
incorporated  township,  village,  town,  or  city,  or  either,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
enumerator  of  such  district  to  clearly  and  plainly  distinguish  and  separate,  upon  the 
population  schedules,  the  inhabitants  of  all  or  any  part  of  such  township,  village, 
town,  or  city,  as  may  be  embraced  in  the  district  assigned  to  such  enumerator,  from 
the  inhabitants  of  the  territorry  not  included  therein.     No  enumerator  shall  be 
deemed  qualified'to  enter  upon  his  duties  until  he  has  received  from  the  supervisor 
of  census  of  the  census  department  to  which  he  belongs  the  commission  authorizing 
him  to  perform  the  duties  of  enumerator. 


APPENDICES.  363 

VIII.  The  dipt riot  assigned  to  any  enumerator  shall  not  exceed   1,500  inhabitants 
for  urban  and  1,000  inhabitants  for  suburban  or  rural  districts,  as  near  as  may  "be, 
according  to  estimates  based  on  the  preceding  census  or  other  reliable  information, 
and  the  boundaries  of  all  enumeration  districts  shall  be  clearly  described  by  civil 
divisions,  rivers,  roads,  public  surveys,  or  other  easily  distinguished  lines:  Provided, 
That  enumerators  may  be  assigned  for  the  special  enumeration  of  institutions,  when 
desirable,  without  reference  to  the  number  of  inmates. 

IX.  Any  supervisor  of  the  census  may.  with  the  approval  of  the  Assistant  Director 
of  the  Census,  remove  any  enumerator  in  his  department  and  fill  the  vacancy  thus 
caused    or   otherwise  occurring.     Whenever  it  shall   appear  that  any  portion  of 
the  enumeration    and  census  provided  for  in  this  order  has  been   negligently  or 
improperly  taken,  and  is  by  reason  thereof  incomplete  or  erroneous,  the  Assistant 
Director  of  the  Census  may  cause  such  incomplete  and  unsatisfactory  enumeration 
and  census  to  be  amended  or  made  anew  under  such  methods  as  may  in  his  discretion 
be  practicable. 

X.  The  Assistant  Director  of  the  Census  may  authorize  and  direct  supervisors  of 
the  census  to  employ  interpreters  to  assist  the  enumerators  of  their  respective  dis- 
tricts in  the  enumeration  of  persons  not  speaking  the  language  of  the  country,  the 
compensation  of  such  interpreters  not  to  exceed  three  dollars  per  day  for  each  day 
actually  and  necessarily  employed. 

XI.  No  supervisor's  clerk,  interpreter,  special  agent,  or  other  official  shall  enter 
upon  his  duties  until  he  has  taken  and  subscribed  to  the  oath  or  affirmation  pre- 
scribed by  the  Secretary  of  War;  and  no  supervisor,  supervisor's  clerk,  enumerator, 
or  special  agent  shall  be  accompanied  by  or  assisted  in  the  performance  of  his  duties 
by  any  person  not  duly  appointed  as  an  officer  or  employee  of  the  Porto  Rican  census, 
and  to  whom  an  oath  or  affirmation  has  not  been  duly  administered.     All  appointees 
and  employees  provided  for  in  this  order  shall  be  appointed  or  employed  solely  with 
reference  to  their  fitness  to  perform  the  duties  of  the  position  to  which  they  may  be 
appointed. 

XII.  The  enumeration  of  the  population  required  by  this  order  shall  commence  on 
the  10th  day  of  November,  1899,  and  be  taken  as  of  that  date.     And  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  each  enumerator  to  complete  the  enumeration  of  his  district  and  to  prepare 
the  returns  hereinbefore  required  to  l>e  made,  and  to  forward  the  same  to  the  super- 
visor of  the  census  of  his  department  on  or  before  the  20th  day  of  December,  1899. 

XIII.  If  any  person  shall  receive  or  secure  to  himself  any  fee,  reward,  or  compen- 
sation as  a   onsideration  for  the  appointment  or  employment  of  any  person  as  enu- 
merator or  clerk  or  other  employee,  or  shall  in  any  way  receive  or  secure  to  himself 
any  part  of  the  compensation  to  be  paid  for  the  services  of  any  enumerator  or  clerk 
or  other  employee,  he  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction 
thereof  shall  be  fined  not  more  than  $1,000,  or  be  imprisoned  not  more  than  one  year, 
or  both. 

XIV.  If  any  supervisor,  supervisor's  clerk,  enumerator,  interpreter,  special  agent, 
or  other  employee,  who,  having  taken  and  subscribed  the  oath  of  office  required  by 
this  order,  shall,  without  justifiable  cause,  neglect  or  refuse  to  perform  the  duties 
enjoined  on  him  by  this  order,  or  shall,  without  the  authority  of  the  Director  of  the 
Census,  communicate  to  any  person  not  authorized  to  receive  the  same  any  infor- 
mation gained  by  him  in  the  performance  of  his  duties,  he  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of 
a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  shall  be  fined  not  exceeding  $500;  or  if  he  shall 
willfully  and  knowingly  swear  or  affirm  falsely,  he  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  perjury, 
and  upon  conviction  thereof  shall  be  imprisoned  not  exceeding  two  years,  and  shall 
be  fined  not  exceeding  $500;  or  if  he  shall  willfully  and  knowingly  make  a  false  cer- 
tificate or  a  fictitious  return,  he  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  convic- 
tion of  either  of  the  last-named  offenses  he  shall  l>e  fined  not  exceeding  $2,000  and 
be  imprisoned  not  exceeding  t\v<>  years. 


364  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

XV.  Each  and  every  person  more  than  20  years  of  age  belonging  to  any  family 
residing  in  any  enumeration  district,  and  in  case  of  the  absence  of  the  heads  and 
other  members  of  any  such  family,  then  any  representative  of  such  family,  shall 
be,  and  each  of  them  hereby  is,   required,   if  thereto  requested  by  the  Assistant 
Director,  supervisor,  or  enumerator,  to  render  a  true  account,  to  the  best  of  his  or  her 
knowledge,    of  every  person  belonging  to  such  family  in  the  various  particulars 
required,  and  whoever  shall  willfully  fail  or  refuse  to  render  such  true  account  shall 
be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof  shall  be  fined  in  a  sum  not 
exceeding  $100.     And  every  president,  treasurer,  secretary,  director,  agent,  or  other 
officer  of  every  corporation,  and  every  establishment  of  productive  industry,  whether 
conducted  as  a  corporate  body,  limited  liability  company,  or  by  private  individuals, 
from  which  answers  to  any  of  the  schedules,  inquiries,  or  statistical  interrogatories 
provided  for  by  this  order  are  herein  required,  who  shall  if  thereto  requested  by  the 
Assistant  Director,  supervisor,  enumerator,  or  special  agent,  willfully  neglect  or  refuse 
to  give  true  and  complete  answers  to  any  inquiries  authorized  by  this  order,  or  shall 
willfully  give  false  information,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  convic- 
tion thereof  shall  be  fined  not  exceeding  $3,000,  to  which  may  be  added  imprison- 
ment for  a  period  not  exceeding  one  year. 

XVI.  All  fines  and  penalties  imposed  in  this  order  shall  be  enforced  by  due  legal 
process  in  the  supreme  court,  and  the  courts  of  the  judicial  districts  of  the  island, 
according  to  the  nature  and  degree  of  the  offense,  and  they  are  hereby  granted  juris- 
diction for  this  purpose. 

XVII.  The  Director  of  the  Census  may  authorize  the  expenditure  of  necessary 
sums  for  the  traveling  expenses  of  the  officers  and  employees  of  the  census  and  the 
incidental  expenses  essential  to  the  carrying-out  of  this  order  as  herein  provided  for, 
and  not  otherwise,  including  the  rental  of  offices  for  the  Assistant  Director  and  suj>er- 
visors  of  the  census,  and  the  furnishing  thereof. 

XVIII.  All  mail  matter  of  whatever  class,  relative  to  the  Porto  Rican  census  and 
addressed  to  the  Director,  Assistant  Director,  or  any  supervisor  or  enumerator  of  the 
census,  and  indorsed  "Official  Business,  War  Department,  Porto  Rican  Census," 
shall  be  transported  free  of  postage;  and  all  telegrams  relative  to  the  Porto  Rican 
census  sent  or  received  by  the  officials  aforesaid,  shall  be  free  of  charge;  and  if  any 
person  shall  make  use  of  the  postal  and  telegraph  franking  privileges  herein  granted, 
to  avoid  the  payment  of  postage  or  telegraph  charges  on  a  private  message,  letter, 
package,  or  other  matter  sent  by  mail  or  telegraph,  the  person  so  offending  shall  be 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  subject  to  a  fine  of  $300. 

XIX.  The  Director  of  the  Census  is  hereby  authorized  to  print  and  bind  such 
blanks,  circulars,  envelopes,  and  other  items  as  may  be  necessary,  and  to  tabulate, 
print,  publish,  and  distribute  the  results  of  this  census. 

XX.  The  expenses  of  taking  the  Porto  Rican  census,  including  the  pay  and  allow- 
ance of  civil  officials  and  employees,  shall  be  paid  from  the  revenues  of  Porto  Rico, 
and  the  Military  Governor  of  Porto  Rico  will  nominate  one  of  the  disbursing  officers 
of  the  army  in  each  census  department  to  act  as  paymaster,  who  shall  be  provided 
with  the  necessary  funds  and  who  shall  make  disbursements  in  behalf  of  the  Porto 
Rican  census,  according  to  such  instructions  and  under  such  regulations  as  may  be 
prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  War.     The  names,  rank,  and  stations  of  the  officers  so 
nominated  will  be  communicated  to  the  Adjutant-General  of  the  Army  by  the  Mili- 
tary Governor  of  Porto  Rico,  and  will  be  announced  in  War  Department  orders. 

XXI.  The  Military  Governor  of  Porto  Rico,  and  all  civil  and  military  officers  in  the 
island,  will  render  such  assistance  to  the  Director,  Assistant  Director,  supervisors,  and 
enumerators  of  the  Porto  Rican  census,  as  may  be  necessary  to  enable  them  to  carry 
into  effect  the  provisions  of  this  order. 

ELIIII    ROOT, 

Secreti  i  nj  of  Wnr. 


APPENDICES.  365 

APPENDIX  II. 
WAR  DEPARTMENT  ORDER  ORGANIZING  THE  CENSUS. 

WAR  DEPARTMENT, 
Washington,  September  22,  1899. 

I.  The  following-named  officers  nominated  by  the  Military  Governor  of  Porto 
Rico  are   appointed   disbursing  officers  of  the  Porto   Rican  census,   and  will   be 
respected  accordingly: 

Maj.  Charles  L.  Davis,  Eleventh  Infantry,  census  department  of  Bayamon. 
Capt.  A.  C.  Macomb,  Fifth  Cavalry,  census  department  of  Arecibo. 
Lieut.  S.  G.  Chiles,  Eleventh  Infantry,  census  department  of  Aguadilla. 
Capt.  P.  M.  Travis,  Eleventh  Infantry,  census  department  of  Mayaguez. 
Maj.  F.  W.  Mansfield,  Eleventh  Infantry,  census  department  of  Ponce. 
('apt.  F.  W.  Foster,  Fifth  Cavalry,  census  department  of  Guayama. 
('apt.  Eben  Swift,  Fifth  Cavalry,  census  department  of  Humacao. 

II.  Disbursing  officers  will  pay  the  compensation  of  the  Assistant  Director,  super- 
visors, enumerators,  clerks,  and  other  employees  of  the  census,  the  rent  of  the  offices 
of  the  Assistant  Director  and  supervisors,   the  purchase  or  rental  of  office  furni- 
ture, transportation  and  telegraph  vouchers,  the  expenses  of  travel  of  officers  and 
empl<  ivees,  as  established  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  such  incidental  expenses  as 
may  be  authorized  by  the  Director  of  the  Census  under  paragraphs  XVII  and  XIX  of 
the  order  of  the  President  for  taking  the  census  of  Porto  Rico. 

III.  In  making  expenditures  and  keeping  their  accounts,  disbursing  officers  will 
be  governed  by  the  rules  and  instructions  applicable  to  the  revenues  of  Porto  Rico 
established  by  the  President:  Provided,  That  the  accounts  of  expenditures  in  behalf 
of  the  census  of  Porto  Rico  shall  be  kept  separately  from  all  other  accounts  and  fur- 
nished in  this  form  to  the  War  Department. 

IV.  Disbursing  officers  will  be  stationed  in  the  principal  cities  of  their  respective 
census  departments  and  will  communicate,  without  delay,  with  the  supervisors  of 
census,  and  will  give  them  such  information  as  to  preparing  their  vouchers  and  keep- 
ing their  accounts  as  may  be  necessary  to  the  prompt  settlement  of  all  indebtedness. 

ELIHU  ROOT, 

Secretary  of  War. 


APPENDIX  III. 
K NT. MK RATION  DISTRICTS  AND  ENUMERATORS. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA. 


Enumeration  districts. 

No. 

Designation. 

1 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  AGTADILLA. 

Barrio  Xuevo  

Belen  Vasquez. 

] 

Tamarindo  

Augusto  Reichard  del  Valle 

•; 

Santa  Barbara  

Senorita  Julia  Calvente 

4 

Iglesia  and  Higui'v 

r> 

Montana  

Ramon  Varela 

6 

Guerrero  

Juan  Roque. 

7 

Corrales  and  Caimital  alto 

Jose  Colmenero 

8 

rainiitnl  bajo  

Aurco  Antonio  Sanchez 

9 

MaK'sas  alia  

Ramon  Garcia. 

in 

Asruacate  and  Arenales 

Jose  Vernv  Garcia 

11 

Mali'sas  baja  

Francisco  Bocanegra  Nuntv 

i? 

Ceiba  alta  and  Ceiba  baja  

Alfredo  Platet. 

is 

Oamaseves                            

14 

Borinqnen  

Manuel  Ma  Arrovo 

15 

Victoria  

Pablo  Alvarev. 

16 

Palmar  .  .  . 

Arturo  Schulze. 

366 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO, 


Eiiinin ••nilinn  ilixtrirtx  n/nl  cniimt'i-Htorx — Contimu-il. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


MUNICIPAL   DISTRICT  AGUAHA. 


Rosario 

California... 
Guanaguilla 

Atalaya 

Jaguey 

Cerro  Gordo. 
Carrizal 


Espinal 

Cruces 

Guayabo 

Rio  Grande 

Lagunas 

Marias 

Naranjo 

Piedras  Blancas 

Asomante 

Mal-paso 

Guanabanas  

Mamey 


MUNICIPAL   DISTRICT  ISABELA. 


Enumerators. 


Senorita  Ynez  Sola. 

Do. 

Do. 
Luis  Mendex  Cordoiiti. 

Do. 

Ceh'stino  Moret. 
Francisco  de  Cordona. 

Do. 
Luis  Natalie )  Maisoium-. 

Do. 

Do. 

Ramon  Arroyo. 
Benito  Sola. 
Federico  Torres. 
Antonio  Rivii-. 

Do. 
Juan  Gonzalez. 

Do. 
Ramon  Verav. 


Pueblo Senorita  Candida  del  Valle. 

Guayabos Manuel  Perez. 

Mora Pedro  Ruiz. 

Goto ;  Celedonia  Garcia. 

Galateo  bajo Pedro  Celestino  Yen-z. 

Galateo  alto Jose  Vargas. 

Llanadas  (A) .' Lino  Garcia. 

Llanadas(B) Ricardode  la  Cruz. 

Planas Pio  Camacho. 

Bajura Antonio  Pina. 

Jobos  (A) Fernando  Domenech. 

Jobos  (B) Santiago  Domenech. 

Bejucos Nic-jindro  Garcia  Rosario. 

Guerrero Kloy  Ut rina. 

Arenales  bajos St-iiorita  Ana  Elisa  <lol  Yallc. 

Arenales  altos  (A) Kvaristo  la  Bastida. 

Arenales  altos  (B) Si-norita  Milagros  la  Bastida. 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  MOCA. 


Pueblo . 
Cruz 


Senorita  Josefa  Cedron. 
Adolfo  Babilonia. 


Voladoras luan  Carrasco. 


Capa. 

Rocha  

Cuchilla  .... 

Aceituna 

Centro .../.. 

Maria 

Naranip 

Cerro  Gordo  , 
Plata 


MUNICIPAL    I»ISTRI(T     RINCON. 


Poblacion . . 

Pueblo 

Calvache... 

Barrero 

Atalaya  — 

Jagney 

Cruz 

Rio  Grande 

Puntas 

Knsenada . . 


MUNICIPAL    DISTHK    I 


sKKAsTIA.V 


Tadeo  Cbamaco. 

Francisco  Suar  /. 
Donato  Gonzali •/. 
Eduardo  Mendez. 
Pedro  Pagan. 
Ricardo  Cedron. 
Jnlio  Yeray  (Jarcia. 
Gonzalo  Gonzalez. 
Juan  Pedro  Van-In. 


Senorita  Juana  K< 

Do. 

Ramon  Arrogo. 
Jose  F.  Echeandia. 

Do. 

Nicolas  Riva.s. 
Ricardo  Cumpiaim. 
.lost-  Montilla. 
Antonio  Velez. 
Felix  Colon. 


Urrejola Senorita  Ana  Mendr/. 

Nprzagaray Do. 

Piedras  Blancas Toa<|iiin  Culon. 

Cidral Do. 

Hatoarriba Segunrto  Ksti-n-s. 

Pozas Joa<|uin  Moreno. 

Culebrinns I  >o. 

Perchas  No.  1 Demetrio  Hernftmk-z. 

Perchas  No.  2 l         I  >o 

Magos Ti-rinino  Licia>r<  >. 


APPENDICES. 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  AGUADILLA— Continued. 


367 


Enumeration  districts. 

Enumerators. 

No. 

Designation. 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  SAN  SEBASTIAN—  continued. 
70     Enea  

Termino  Liciago. 
Francisco  Antonio  Cebullero 
Termino  B.  Lopez. 
Do. 
Emiliano  Rosa. 
Andres  Beauchamp. 
Ramon  Vina. 
Ulpiano  Mendez, 
Manuel  Ramirez. 
Modesto  Cariel. 
Do. 
Jose  Ramirez  Arelano. 
Do. 
Adolfo  Polidura. 
Do. 

Senorita  Carmen  Levis. 
Jose  Saldana. 
Francisco  Marcauo. 
Sixto  Toro. 
Jorge  Ferrer. 
Francisco  Ramirez. 
Daniel  Rodriguez. 
Clemen  to  Millan. 
Gerardo  Mendez  Serrano. 
Edelmiro  Mendez  Serrano. 
Gabriel  Ornes. 
Juan  Ornes. 
Jose  Edurigis  Gonzalez. 
Rodolfo  Rodriguez. 
Vicento  Indico. 
Dionisio  Reyes. 
Antonio  Fout. 
Manuel  Bernal. 
Rafael  Jiran. 
Manuel  Eschavaria. 
Sixto  Saldana. 
Vicente  Vina,  2d. 

71     .luncal 

Son  a  dor  .        ... 

73     Guacio  

71      Mirabcles. 

7o     Oalabazas  

76     Hoya  mala 

77     Aibonito  

78     Guajataca  

CJihao  • 

79     Robles 

Salto  

- 

80     Guatemala  

Bahomamev 

MUNICIPAL   DISTRICT   LARES. 

81     Poblacion  (A) 

82     Poblacion  (B  ) 

83     Pueblo  (A) 

84     Pueblo  (B) 

£5     Espino  (A)  

86     Espino  (B) 

87     Cal  leiones  (  A  )  

88     Callcjones  (B) 

89     Piletas(A)  

90     Piletaa  (B) 

91      Lares  i  A  i  

92     Lares  (B) 

93     Lsitorre  (  A  )    . 

94     Latorre  (B)  

95     Buenos-Aires  (A)  . 

96     Buenos-Aires  (B)  . 

97     Mirasol 

98     Bartolo  (A)  

99     Bartolo  (B)  

100     Pezuela... 

101     Rio  Prieto  (A) 

102     Rio  Prieto  (B)  

DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO. 

MUNICIPAL   DISTRICT  UTUADO. 

1     Arenas  

Juan  Lazus. 
Angel  Padro. 
Jose  Julia. 
Ysidro  A.  Marin. 
Saturnine  Mates. 
BrenturoMattei. 
Manuel  Ruiz  Alvarez. 
Genaro  Porrata. 
Jose  Martin  Gonzalex. 
Tomas  Jordan  Mintndii. 
Francisco  de  B  Marline/ 

2   do. 

3     Angeles  

4    do  

5     Caonillas  Abajo.  . 

6   do  

7     Caonillas  Arriba 

8     Caguana  

9   do  

10     Caniaco  

11     Utuado  (citv)  

12    do  

Luis  Jordan  Cowea. 
Julio  Seijo  Rivera. 
T.  Ramon  Muniz. 
.lose  Santana  Cintron. 
Nicolas  de  Jesus. 
Ulises  Seijo. 
Nicolas  Cordova. 
Rafael  Lopez. 
Ricardo  Serbia. 
Adolfo  Padron. 
Frutos  Porrata. 
Baldomero  Miranda. 
Jose  Lopez. 
Manuel  Niruet. 
Genaro  Gimenez. 
Antonio  Tulla. 
Francisco  de  .lesus. 
Jose  de  Jesus. 
.lose  Matos. 
Ricardo  Jordan. 

13     Consejo  

14     Don  Alonso  

l.-s    do  

1(1     Guaonico  

17     .lavuva  abajo  

is    do  

19   do  

•'ii     Javuya  arriba   ... 

21    do  

22    do  

23   do  

24   do  

25     Limon  .  .  .-.  

26     Mameves  Abajo 

27   do".  

2X     Mameves  Arriba 

29    do".  

30     Las  I'alinas  

31  :  Paso  Palma  .  . 

368 


REPOKT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerator* — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 

No. 

Designation. 

S*> 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  UTUADO  —  continued. 
Rio  Abajo  

Octavio  Jordan  Miranda 

33 

Roncador  

Jose  D.  Espada 

<M 

Salto  abajo  

Manuel  Jordon. 

35 

Sal  to  arriba 

Manuel  Palop 

36 

Sabana  Grande 

Luis  Baldoni 

37 

Santa  Isabel  

Antonio  Guzman  Rodriguez 

S8 

Santa  Rosa  

Pablo  Blanes  Caban 

S9 

Tetuan  

Luis  Pio  Toro. 

40 

do 

41 

Vivi  abajo            ..          

Federico  M  Maestre 

40 

Vivi  arriba        

Galo  Martinez  • 

4^ 

do  

Jose  Casalduc  Roig 

Special  agent  

Juan  Palop. 

44 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  ARECIBO. 

Arenalejos  .     .      .                    ..                 

Aureo  Silva. 

45 

Arrozal  

Epifanio  Perez. 

If, 

do  

Bernardo  Gimenez 

47 

Cambalache 

Manuel  Gonzalez 

48 

Dominguito 

Manuel  Vinas 

49 

Domingo  Ruiz 

Carlos  Perez 

60 

Factor  .             

Agustin  Costa. 

51 

Garrochales  

Justino  Tegidot. 

ff> 

Hato  abajo  

Manuel  Collazo. 

5S 

.,...do  

Gerardo  Mendez. 

54 

Hato  arriba  .        .  . 

Melguiades  Ginorio  2d 

55 

do  

Luis  Ginorio. 

66 

Hato  viejo  

Manuel  Martinez 

57 

do  

Juan  Rivera. 

58 

do  

Clodomiro  Cabanas. 

59 

Islote  ...                 ...        .        

Juan  Marin  Ginorio 

60 

.    ..do  

Jose  Gonzalez. 

61 

Carrera  

Ramon  Castro. 

62 

Esperanza 

Vicente  Aguirre 

63 

do.                                           

Antonio  Cabanas 

64 

.do  

Ulises  Ginorio 

65 

Miraflores  

Waldemar  Bit-hone. 

66 

do  

Jose  S.  Rossello. 

67 

Arecibo  (city) 

Gonzalo  Gandiii 

68 

do  

Marcelino  Andino. 

69 

do     

Miguel  A.  Balseiro. 

70 

.  do  

Epifanio  Miranda. 

71 

do  

Senorita  Lina  Silva. 

72 

Rio  arriba 

Joaquin  Sanchez. 

7S 

do  

Jose  Munoz  Belaval. 

74 

Sabana  Hoyos  

Modesto  Varona. 

75 

.  ...do  

Jose  Florido. 

76 

do  

Fidel  Gonzalez. 

77 

San  tana.  

Julio  Seijo  Tavarez. 

78 

.do  

Alberto  Ball. 

70 

Tanama  

Armindo  Cadilla. 

Special  agent      

D  Santiago  Seijo. 

SO 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  QUEBRADILLA8. 

Cacaos  

Manuel  Espinosa. 

81 

Cocoa          

Mariano  Cruz. 

82 

Charcas  

Arturo  Deliz. 

83 

Guajataca  

Osvaldo  Perez. 

84 

Quebradillas 

Guillermo  Abrnans 

86 

San  Antonio               

Jorge  Marena. 

86 

do      

Rafael  Lopez  Marichal. 

87 

San  Jose  

Santiago  Llovcra. 

88 

Terranova  

Alejandro  Abraans. 

89 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT    CAMI'Y. 

Abra  honda.               

Pastor  del  Valle  - 

90 
91 

Camuy  arriba  
Cienega  

Jose  Pamis. 
Guillermo  Yglosias. 

92 

Cibao                                 

.It  'si  is  M#rrero. 

93 

Membrillo        .  .          

Kuschio  Vales. 

94 

('tunny                

Manuel  Aguirre. 

95 

Puente  

KniiiHsco  Bettram. 

96 

Puertos                                    

Gregorio  Rivera. 

97 

Piedra  Gorda  

Vicente  Nieves. 

98 

Quebrada                                   .     .        

Santiago  Rivera 

99 

Santiago  .  .  . 

Osvuldo  Leon. 

APPENDICES. 


369 


En i< mi  rntiim  tlitstrids  and  enumerators — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


No. 

100 
101 

102 
103 
104 
105 
106 
107 
108 
109 
110 
111 
112 
113 

114 
115 
116 
117 
118 

Designation. 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  CAMUY—  continued. 
Yeguada  .           

Zanja  

Special  agent 

MUNICIPAL   DISTRICT    HATILLO. 

Aibonito  

do  

Pueblo  

Bayaney  

Capaez  

Carrizales  

Corcovadas  

Naranjito  

Pajuil  

Hatillo  (town  )  

Yeguadilla  oriental  .  . 

Yeguadilla  occidental 

MUNICIPAL 

Florida  afuera  .  . 

DISTRICT  BARCELONETA. 

do  

do  

do  

Florida  adentro  

120    do 

121  Garrochales . . 

122  !  Palmasaltas. 

123  Barceloneta.. 
Special  agent 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  MANATI. 


Bajura  adentra 

Bajura  afuera 

Goto 

do 

Manati  (city) 

do 

....do 

Rio  arriba  Poniente 

do 

Rio  arriba  Saliente 

do 

Tierras  nuevas  Poniente . 

do 

Tierras  nuevas  Saliente . 
Special  agent 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  MOROVIS. 


138  Barahona , 

139  Cuchilla  . . 
Franquez 


Enumerators. 


Nicolas  Cazuela. 
Juan  B.  Echeandia. 
Juan  Lacomba. 


Cristeto  de  Arce. 
Dario  Ruiz. 
Jose  Canino. 
Francisco  S.  Alonso. 
Eugenio  Rubio. 
Fernando  Lacomba. 
Francisco  Arteaga. 
Calixto  Serbia. 
Pedro  S.  Navas. 
Manuel  Lacomba. 
Juan  R.  Alonso. 
Francisco  Migolla. 


Genarp  Marchan. 
Francisco  Davila. 
Ventura  Rodriguez. 
Juan  Marchan. 
Ricardo  Gil. 
Ynocente  Rivera. 
Jose  Rosario. 
Eduardo  Menendez. 
Enrique  Lopez. 
Tomas  Agrait  Delgado. 
Nepomucens  Flores. 


Manuel  Villamil. 
Alberto  Gandia. 
Juan  Ramps. 
Lucas  Gutierrez. 
Jose  Menendez. 
Bernardo  Blandino. 
Ramon  Ramos  Casellas. 
Mario  San  tana. 
Fernando  Medina. 
Enrique  Villamil. 
Teodoro  Remas  Velez. 
Leopoldo  San  tana. 
Agustin  Collazo. 
Jose  Ramos  Casellas. 
Jose  Montanez. 


Juan  Collazo. 
Juan  Amezaga. 
Jose  Pareo. 


Monte  Llano Miguel  Miranda. 

Morovis  Norte Mariano  Alfaro,  1st. 

Morovis  Sur Jose  E.  Marrero. 

Pasto Serafin  Cordero. 

Percha Mariano  Alfaro,  2d. 

Morovis Eusebio  Yturrino. 

Rio  Grande Jose  Fontan. 

San  Lorenzo Andres  Otero. 

Torrecilla Herminio  Miranda. 

Unibon Zacarias  Cordero. 

Vaga I  Jose  Miranda  Gonzalez. 

MUNICIPAL   DISTRICT  CIALES. 

Cialitos Francisco  Mattey  Rodriguez. 

do Felipe  Lopez  Amber. 

do Elviro  Rodriguez. 

Cordillera Francisco  Coweger. 

Fronton Jose  Dolores  Paaro. 

do Casiano  Mediavilla. 

do Segundo  Roman. 

Jagua Salustiano  Villamil. 


.do ,  Miguel  de  Jesus. 

8490—00 


870 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continue*!. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  ARECIBO— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  ciALES— continued. 


Hato  Viejo. 
.do 


Pesa  . 

Pozas  . 

...do 


Monserrate  Padro. 
Ramon  Fernandez  Negron. 
Carlos  Dominguez. 
Antonio  Pouza. 
Jose  Rodriguez. 


.do Agripino  Padro. 

Ciales Andres  Quintana. 


Toro  Negro 
.do 


Special  agent . 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  UTUADO. 


Arturo  Davila. 
Toiniano  Rodriguez. 
Ceferino  Nieves. 


Senorita  Juana  Baldoni. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON. 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  SAN  JDAN. 


Ballaja.. 
Mercado 


Jose  Atiles. 
Carlos  Areizaga. 
Jose  Calderon  Aponte. 
Manuel  Torres  Borges. 


.do 
Catedral 

do I  Heraclio  Cordero. 

Caleta Rafael  Cabrera. 

do r |  Juan  Echevarria. 

do Jesus  Jiminez. 

San  Cristobal Francisco  Garavis. 

do Jose  Aides. 


do Enrique  Power. 

Teatro Nicolas  G.  Queyedo. 

do Jose  Soto  Rodriguez. 

San  Francisco Angel  Santaella. 

Marina  . .  Ramon  Vara. 


.do Luis  Jorge  Rivera. 

Puerta  de  Tierra Carlos  Gordils. 

do Pedro  Capo. 

do... 

do... 

21    do... 

•_HJ     Santurce 

23    do 

24   do 

26   do 

26   do 

27    do 

28  Especial 

29    do 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT   BAYAMON. 


Pueblo . 
...do.. 


.do.. 
Cataflo . 
do. 


Juan  Sanchez. 

HatoTeja 

Paiaros  

Minillas 

do. 


Cerro  Gordo 

Buena  Vista 

Santa  Olaya 

Dajaos 

Nuevo  

Pueblo  Viejo 

Guaynabo 

Santa  Rosa 

Camarones . ; 

Guaraguaos  abaio 

Guaraguaos  arrioa 

Guaraguaos  de  Guayimbo. 

Sonadora  

Palmas 


Leandro  Delgado. 
Pedro  Gomez. 
Juan  Roura. 
Antonio  Gonzalez. 
Sebastian  Moll. 
Mariano  Pesquera. 
Celso  G.  Villar. 
Antonio  Cordero. 
Arturo  Vizcarrondo. 
Simon  Bolhm. 
Jose  A.  Cabrera. 


Jose  de  J.  Pesquera. 
.lose  Xiiter  Landron. 
Manuel  Colon  Dueuo. 
Juan  Valencia  Gomez. 
Justo  Morales. 
Pedro  de  Angelis. 
Ricardo  Santaella. 
Jose  E.  Marquez. 
Eusebio  Vizearrondo. 
Francisco  Barbosa. 
Knrique  Costoso. 
Jose  Cantellop. 
Luis  Monclova  Cestero. 
Hipolito  Gimenez. 
Luis  Schroder. 
Anastasio  ("astro. 
Luis  Venegas. 
Antonio  Rivera  y  Rivera. 
Rafael  Minosa. 
Antonio  Rodriguez. 
Manuel  Loubriel. 
Joaquin  Alum. 
Felipe  Flores  Negron. 
Luis  Bozzo. 


APPENDICES. 

Kiiiiiiii-i-iiilnii  ilixtriHx  iiinl  enumerators — Continm-d. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON— Continued. 


371 


Enumeration  districts. 

Enumerators. 

No. 

54 
55 
56 
67 
68 
69 
60 
61 
62 
63 

64 
65 
66 
67 
68 

69 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 

76 

77 
78 
79 
80 
81 
82 

83 
84 
85 
86 
87 
88 
89 
90 
91 
92 
93 
94 
95 
96 

97 
9H 
99 
100 
101 
H>2 
108 
104 
105 
106 
107 
108 

109 
110 
111 
112 
113 
114 
115 
116 

Designation. 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  TOA   AI.TA. 

Pueblo  

Enrique  Yzquierdo. 
Jose  M.  Perez. 
Rafael  Diaz. 
Alvaro  Diaz. 
Evaristo  Catranes. 
Cesar  Romero. 
Cornelio  Cintron. 
Jesus  Rivera. 
Cannelo  Perez. 
Jesus  Hernandez. 

Juan  Bautista  Romero. 
Mariano  Vargas. 
Francisco  Hernandez. 
Jesus  Rodriguez. 
Francisco  Cordova. 

Fernando  del  Valle. 
Arturo  Tulier  Ramos. 
Severo  Tulier. 
Juan  de  Jesus  Arrogo. 
Saturnine  I.  \rargas. 
Juan  Valderama. 
Emelino  Rodriguez. 

Justo  Nieves. 
Jose  Labrador. 
Manuel  Cordova. 
Abelardo  Malpica. 
Juan  Rivera. 
Juan  Ponsa. 
Severo  Davila  Gonzalez. 

Jose  C.  Martinez. 
Jose  Davila  Martinez. 
Santiago  Perez. 
Jose  Robles  Pastor. 
Rodriguez  Vicento. 
Joaquin  Perez. 
Herminio  Davila  Pen-z. 
Fernando  Saldana. 
Ramon  Carreras  Perez. 
Armando  Landron  Lopez. 
Enrique  Marchessi. 
Alfredo  Batalla. 
Maria  Enrique  Vara. 
Adolfo  Marchessi. 

James  N.  Chapman. 
Ramon  Fuentes  Rivi-ni. 
Francisco  R.  Garcias. 
Jose  Soto. 
Jose  P.  Soto. 
Ramon  Ybanez. 
Jose  Prado. 
Candido  Prartc  . 
Jose  Bon. 
Julio  Rodriguez. 
Ramon  Furnier. 
Sabrado  Lopez. 

Modesta  Archilla. 
Agustin  Langier. 
Alfredo  Archilla. 
.Jose  Ygaravidez  Gutierrez. 
Ramon  Castro. 
Francisco  Barreras. 
Jose  Barreras. 
Maximino  Rivera. 

Murarabonaz                                                                 

I'inas       

Ortiz 

Quebnida  Cruz  Abajo  

Quebrada  Cruz  B                                                                 ... 

Rio  Lajsi-i                                                               

Galatea  

Quebrada  Arenas                                                        

Cnntorno  

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  TOA    BAJA. 

Pueblo  

Candelaria  Arriba                  .  .           .              

Candelaria  Baja  

Media  Luna                                                         .           

Sabana  Seca            -                                  

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  DORADO. 

Pueblo  Alto  

Pueblo  Bajo                                                    

Mameval  .                     

Higuillar  

Maguayo                       

Espinosa  

Rio  Lajas  .                                                        

MUNICIPAL   DISTRICT  VEGA    ALTA. 

Pueblo  

Bajura 

Candelarisi            .  .                      

Novillo                                                                                  

Maricao                                              .                 

Espinosa  

Sabana                                              .            •   

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  VEGA   BAJA. 

Pueblo  Alto  

Pueblo  Bajo 

Algarrobo  ...        ..     .        

Puerto  Nuevo 

Yeguada           .  . 

Pugnado  Afuera  ."  

Pugnado  Adentro  .                                              ...... 

Quebrada  Arenas  

Cabo  Caribe 

Cibuco  

Rio  arriba  and  Rio  abajo 

Ceiba  

Almirante  Norte 

Almirante  Sur  

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  COROZAL. 

Pueblo  

Cubrico  

Dos  Bocas  

Padilla 

Cuchillas  

Xegros           

Magueves  

Palmarito 

Maria  

Palos  Blanoos 

Palmarejo  ..              .     . 

Abras  . 

MUNICIPAL    DISTRICT    NAKAN.1ITO. 

Pueblo  .  .    . 

Nuevo  

Guadiana  

Achiotc  

Loinaz  

Cedro  abajo  

Cedro  arriba  

Anones  .  . 

372 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerator* — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  BAYAMON— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 

Enumerators. 

No. 

Designation. 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  RIO  PIEDRAS. 

Pueblo  (A) Mario  Bran. 

Pueblo  (B) Felix  Padial. 

Hato  Rey Antonio  Godinez. 

Sabana  Liana Francisco  Npgueras. 

Monacillo Joaquin  Solis. 

Cupey  (A) Jose  B.  Qiiiara. 

Cupey  (B) Jose  Chamonier. 

Caimito  alto Juan  Nog^ieras. 

Caimito  bajo Rafael  Rivera  Rodriguez. 

Frailes Artena  Molina. 

Rio Jose  E.  Amy. 

Tortugo Rafael  Mufioz. 

Mamey Antonio  Garcia. 

Hato  Nuevo Jose  Navarro. 

Quebrada  Arenas Enrique  Contreras. 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  RIO  GRANDE. 


Ramiro  Matute. 
Carlos  Roure. 
Angel  Quinones. 


Pueblo 

Zabana  

Mata  de  Platano 

Herrera j  Damianb  Rodriguez. 

Zarzal Antonio  Mellado. 

Jimenez  Alto Francisco  Baston. 

Jimenez  Bajo Teofllo  Quinones. 

Jimenez  Centro Juan  Ros.  2d. 

Guzman  arriba Jose  del  Rivera. 

Guzman  abajo — '  Pedro  Sepulredo. 

Cienega '  Timoteo  S.  Bermudez. 

Mameyes  (A) '. Fernando  Noceda  de  la  Garcia. 

Mameyes  (B) !  Juan  Garcia  y  Alvalo. 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  CAROLINA. 

Pueblo  (A) Adolfo  Mercado. 

Pueblo  (B) j  Ysidoro  Esturio. 

Hoyo-Mulas Justino  Carrion. 

Martin  Gonzalez i  Ygnacio  Martin. 

Sabana  abaja Francisco  Dobal. 

San  Antonio Julio  Rengel. 

Cangrejos Luis  Blanco  Abella. 

Trujillo  bajo Miguel  Quiflonez. 


154 
165 
156 
157 
158 
159 

160 
161 
162 
163 
164 
165 
166 
167 
168 
169 
170 
171 

172 
173 
174 
175 
176 
177 

Borrasa  bajo  

Manuel  Garden. 
Manuel  Callejo  Fernandez. 
Eduardo  Monclora. 
Jose  Galinanes. 
Ramon  Rodriguez. 
Evaristo  Velez. 

Rafael  Melendez  Rodriguez. 
Rafael  Comoriero  Rodripuc/. 
Jorge  Adzuar. 
Antero  Adzuar. 
Jose  Arrufat. 
Alvaro  Padial. 
Antonio  Garavis. 
Antonio  Comineco  Rodriguez. 
Agustin  Sanchez. 
Jose  Aybar. 
Francisco  Bonet  Arecil. 
Ramon  Guillew. 

Andres  Reyes  Barcarcel. 
Juan  Sosa  Sanchez. 
Garraro  Diaz  y  Diaz. 
Gaspar  Diaz  G'onzalez. 
Carlos  Diaz  y  Diaz. 
Angel  Rosa. 

Santa  Cruz  

Cacao  .'  

Cedros                     .              .                      .  . 

Carruzos  

Canovanillas  

MUNICIPAL    DISTRICT  LOIZA. 

Pueblo  

Mediania  Baja  

Mediania  Alto  

Torrecillas  A)  

Torrecillas   B)  

Canovanas   A)  

Canovanas  B)  

Hato-Puerco  (A)  

Hato-Puerco  (B)  

Hato-Puerco  (C)  

Lomas  

Cubeu  

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  TRUJILLO  ALTO. 

Pueblo  

Cuevas  

Carraiza  

Quebrada  Grande  

Quebrada  Inflerno  

Hato  Viejo  

ENUMERATORS  OF  HUMACAO. 


APPENDICES. 


373 


Enumeration  district*  and  enumerators — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA. 


Enumeration  districts. 


No.  i 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  GUAYAMA. 


Pueblo . 
.do. 
.do. 


Guamani 

do 

Palmas 

Carmen 

Carite 

Jobos 

Machete  — 
Pozo-Hondo. 
Algarrobo... 
Caunital 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  SALINAS. 


Pueblo 

Rio  Jueyes 

Lapa 

Palma 

Quebrada  Yeguas . 
Aguirre 


MUNICIPAL   DISTRICT  ARROYO. 


Pueblo . 
do. 


Guasimas 

Palmas 

Ancones  . 
Laurel  ... 
Pi  tana  ya.. 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  CAYEY. 


23  Pueblo . 

24    do.. 

.do. 


26  |  Rincon 

Monte  Llano 

27  Jacome  alto 

28  Quebrada  arriba 
Culebrasalto — 
Culebras  bajo  . . . 
Jacome  bajo  — 

Sumido 

Cercadillo 

Lapa 

31  Pedro  Avila 

Pasto  viejo 

32  Piedra 

Maton  abajo  — 

33  Toita 

Maton  arriba 

34  Vegas 

Farallon 

Cedro. 


Beatriz.. 
Guavate. 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  CIDRA. 


Pueblo 

Bayamon  — 
Monte  Llano . 

Ceiba 

Rio  abaio  — 


Rabanal 

Salto 

40     Hondura. 

Toita... 


Sur 

Rincon. 
Beatriz. 

Arenas . 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  AGUAS  BUENAS. 


Pueblo . . . 
Oaguitas* . 
Sumidero 


Luis  Vernez. 

Eduardo  Feannot  Vasquez. 
Enrique  Vidal  Blondet. 
Luis  Alvarez  Rodriguez. 
Julio  Cebollero  Morales. 
Eugenic  Buitrago. 
Ramon  Figueroa. 
Luis  Alvarez  Arias. 
Adolfo  Fernandez. 
Joaquin  Amadeo. 
Jose  Maria  Orlandi. 

Do. 
Jose  L.  Castillo  Alvarez. 


Fabian  Perez. 
Enrique  Colon. 
Cefenno  Queno. 
Miguel  Barrionuevo. 

Do. 
Manuel  Candelaria. 


Federico  Virella. 
Luis  E.  Bossolo. 
Miguel  A.  Rivera. 

Do. 

Do. 

Miguel  Dechoudens. 
Jaime  Santiago. 


Arturo  Aponte  Delgado. 
Juan  J.  Cebollero  Moralez 
Federico  Benet  Colon. 
Pablo  Giol  Rivera. 

Do. 

Deogracias  Gonzalez. 
Ramon  Tutusaus. 

Do. 

Do. 
Rafael  Osuna. 

Do. 
Jorge  Vidal. 

Do. 
Eleuterio  Vidal  Santiago. 

Do. 
Luis  Vasquez  Mufioz. 

Do. 
Carlos  Vallejo. 

Do. 
Nicanor  Collaro  Novos.    * 

Do. 

Do. 
Juan  Gelpi  Vidal. 

Do. 


Jesus  Munoz  Castillo. 
Ramon  Ramirez. 

Do. 
Ramon  Manzano. 

Do. 
Escolastico  Ferrer  Vasquez. 

Do. 
Sergio  Santiago. 

Dp. 
Ceferino  Vasquez. 

Do. 
Guillermo  Haddok. 

Do. 


Bartolo  Esteras. 
Lisardo  Lizardi. 
Ric-ardo  Latorre  Freinaint. 


374 


REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  GUAYAMA— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  AGUAS  BCENAS — Continued. 

Juan  Asencio 

Bairoa 

Jagueyes 

Sonadora  

Mulas 

Mulita 

Bayamoncito 


MUNICIPAL   DISTRICT  CAGUAS. 


Pueblo . 
.do.. 


.do. 


.do 

San  Salvador 

Beatrix 

Caflabon  

Canaboncito 

Tomasde  Castro 

San  Antonio 

Rio  Caflas 

Borinquen 


Bairoa  . 
Turabo. 


MUNICIPAL    DISTRICT  COMERIO. 


Pueblo 
Piflas  . 


Vega. 
6.x  Palomas  .... 
t>9  Dona  Elena . 
70  Naranjo 

Cedrito 

Cejas 

Rio  Hondo . . 


Gabriel  Santiago  Gonzalez. 
Jose  Diaz  Fontan. 

Do. 
Enrique  Hernandez  Batalla. 

Do. 

Jaime  Marti  Cuyar. 
Enrique  Lizardi  Colon. 


Vicente  R.  Munoz  Barrios. 
Juan  Ysern. 
Martin  Delgarto  Roux. 
Juan  Villariny  Delgado. 
Pedro  Rivera  Vasquez. 
Vicente  Mnnoz  Grillo. 
Hermogenes  Alvarez. 
Jose  A.  Grillo. 
Pedro  Gonzalez  Yglesias. 
Ramon  Vega  Cruz. 
Ramon  Batista  Cruz. 
Pedro  Bayonet  Lopez. 
Julio  Morillo  Monies. 
Francisco  Collazo  Novos. 
Manuel  Lizardi. 


Adolfo  Toses. 
Joee  Mat  res. 

Do. 

Xeftali  Munoz. 
Xorberto  Rivera. 
Juan  Santiago. 
Jose  R.  Perez. 

Do. 
Julian  Santiago. 


MUNICIPAL   DISTRICT  GURABO. 


Pueblo I>r.  Fernando  Gonzalez. 

Hatu  Nuevo Ktiuardo  Collazo  Diaz. 

Rincon •- Ricardo  Arguinzonev 

Ramon  Quinoses  Kie<ii-r. 
Do. 

Rafael  Arguinzones. 

Braulio  Calderon  Davila. 

Angel  Pio  Ahedo  Lufont. 

Severiano  Vasquez. 


Jagual . 

Masas : . 

Quebrada  Inflerno . 

Jagua 

Celada 

Mamey 


kuNICIPAL  DISTRICT  SAX   LORENZO. 

Pueblo A velino  Sauri. 

Quebrada  Honda Juan  J.  Davila. 

Do. 

Ygnacio  Aponte. 
I  (Jonzalez. 


Cayaguas 
Florida 
Hato . . . 

Jagual i  Javier  Velez. 

Espino Modesto  Aponte. 

Quebrada  Arena Francisco  Colon. 

Cerro  Gordo luan  Machon. 

Quebrada Aniceto  Vasquez. 

Quemado Manuel  Gutierrez. 

MUNICIPAL    DISTRICT   .HM  (i>. 

Pueblo I  ><  >inin>rt)  Oiler. 

Mamey Eladio  Rivera. 

Gurabo  abajo Do. 

Gurabo  arriba Jose  Gal vez  Ap< m te. 

Cajmito Do. 

Ceiba  None Bartolome  Azpurna. 

Ceiba  Sur Do. 

Valenciano  abaio Miguel  Reinoso. 

Valenciano  arriba Do. 

Lirios Justino  Sclinwler. 


APPENDICES. 


375 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO. 


Enumeration  districts. 


No. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


MUNICIPAL    DISTRICT  MAUNABO. 


1  Pueblo Rafael  Ortiz. 

2  Emajagua Kmilio  Calimano. 

Quebrada  Arenas  and  Talante Federicq  Amadeo. 

4  Calzada  and  Lizas Luis  Ortiz. 

5  Palo-seco Erneste  Velasquez. 

6  Id  atuyas  bajo  and  alto Bautista  Ortiz. 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  PATILLAS. 

7  Pueblo Ramon  Costa. 

8  Cacao  bajo  and  Quebrada  arriba Luis  L.  Cepero. 

9  Cacao  alto  and  Jagual Octavio  Rivera. 

10  Rio  Arriba Pedro  Vergne. 

11  Mulas Jose  Mauras. 

12  Maton  and  Guayabote Hemeterio  Fanon. 

13  Mamey  and  Apeadero Antonio  Capella. 

14  Rios  and  Polios Paulino  Rodriguez. 

15  Bajo  and  Jacaboa Fernando  Martinez. 

16  Guardarraya Pedro  Aguayo. 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  YABUCOA. 

17  Pueblo  Este Lorenzo  I.  Martorell. 

18  Pueblo  Oeste Jose  L.  Cepero. 

19  Calabazas Jose  L.  Berrios. 

20  Guayabota j  Luis  G.  Berrios. 

21  Guayanes I  Nicolas  Perez. 

22  Jacana Francisco  Berrios. 

23  Limones j  Augusto  Gautier. 

24  Teja !  Ernesto  Ramos. 

25  Aguacate Casimiro  Labres. 

26  Playa , i  Jose  Jesus  Davila,  2d. 

27  Juan  Martin Jose  Ma  Carrilla. 

28  Camino  Nuevo Wistremundo  Ortiz. 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  HUMACAO. 

29  Santo  Domingo '. i  Francisco  Lopez. 

HO  San  Juan  i  Exequiel  Damiz. 

31  Santiago  and  San  Francisco Aurelio  Ramirez. 

32  Playa Eduardo  Lacroix. 

33  Marianao Rodolfo  Porrata. 

34  Tejas ;  Carlos  Buitrago. 

3-~>  Anton  Ruiz '  Esteban  Lavergne. 

36  Buena  Vista i  Juan  Lopez. 

37  Candelero  aba  jo i  Julio  Monclova. 

38  Candelero  arriba j  Federico  Martinez. 

39  Catano  and  Mabu Francisco  Bruset. 

40  Collores Adolfo  Vilar. 

41  Mambiche  and  Rio  abajo Emigdio  Ysern. 

MUNICIPAL   DISTRICT  PIEDRAS. 

42  Pueblo  and  Quebrada  Arenas Cruz  Baquero. 

43  Rio  abajo Francisco  Roig. 

44  Rio  arriba Ramon  Aponte. 

4o  Montones  abajo Francisco  R.  Manzanares. 

46  j  Montones  arriba Casimiro  Marquez. 

47  Vegas  abajo Ruperto  Marquez. 

48  Tejas  alto Hilario  Martinez. 

49  Colores  and  Boqueron Jose  Casimiro  Berrios. 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  FAJARDO. 

50  Ceiba  and  Machose Guillermo  R.  Bird. 

51  Chupacallos  and  Saco '  Felesforo  Ramirez. 

52  Rio  abajo  and  Papuan |  Jose  Lucero. 

53  Quebrada  Seca  and  Guayae-an Anibal  Muftoz. 

54  Fajardo,  parte  Este Manuel  Guzman  Benites. 

55  !  Fajardo,  parte  Oeste Andres  Hoist. 

56  Sardinera  and  Naran  jo Yldefonso  Cintron. 

57  Cabezasand  Demajugua i  Cristobal  Andreu. 

58  Florencio  and  Quebrada  Vuelta Julio  Erparolini. 

59  Rio  arriba Estebano  Guzman. 

60  Rio  abajo Manuel  Roman. 

61  Quebrada  Fajardo |  Placido  de  la  Plaza. 

62  Poblado  de  Luquillo Benijno  Fernandez  Saraso. 

63  Pitahaya Luis  Benites  Calzada. 

64  Juan  Martinez  and  Sabana Carmelo  Craca  Pacheco, 


376 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,   1899. 


Enumeration  dixtriH*  and  >•  numerators — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  HUMACAO— Continued. 


No. 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


M 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  VIEQUES. 


65  Pueblo  Vieques,  parte  Este 

66  Pueblo  de  Vieques,  parte  Oeste and  Florida. 
t>7     Puerto  Real  arriba  . 

88 
60 
Til 


Agusto  Bonel. 

Juan  Sampayo. 

Trinidad  Quinones. 

Puerto  Real  abaio Regalado  Benites. 

Mosquito  and  Llave Antonio  Bellido. 

Punta  Arenas,  Puerto  Ferro,  and  Puerto  Diablo Miguel  Benites. 

MUNICIPAL    DISTRICT  NAGUABO. 

71  Pueblo Ramon  J.  Rodriguez. 

72  Hucares Juan  P.  Albertv. 

73  Duque Aristarco  Garcia. 

74  Daguao ,  Arturo  del  Rivero. 

75  Mariana Bias  Maldonado. 

76  Santiago  Luna  and  Rio Alejo  Bilva. 

77  I  Maizales Ponero  Buso  Purrata. 

78  Rio  Blanco abajo Carmelo  Roman. 

79  i  Rio  Blanco  arnba Pablo  Feliciano. 

80 


Pefla-pobre Jose  Fuentes. 


ISLA  CULEBKA. 


Isla  Culebra 


JOse  Amado. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  MAYAGUEZ. 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  MAYAGUEZ. 


1  Salud Antonio  Boudet. 

2  Rio Juan  Maria  Marin. 

3  Carcel  Jose  Lago  Garcia. 

4   do Alfredo  N.  Cuebas. 

5   do Ramon  Brandes. 

6  Candelaria Miguel  Medina. 

7   do Jose  Leandro  Montabos. 

8  Marina  Meridional  Jesus  Truiillo  Lange. 

9  Marina  Septentrional Salvador  Badrena. 

10   do Fernando  del  Toro. 

11  Mayaguez  arriba Francisco  del  Valle  Aran. 

12  do '  Belisario  del  Valle  Aran. 

13  Quemado •  Julio  Monge. 

14  Bateyes ;  Jose  Ramirez  Avilez. 

15  Rio  Caflas  arriba Buena  Ventura  Pecunia. 

Naranjales Do. 

16  Juan  Alonso Francisco  C.  Vera. 

17  Limon Joaquin  Freyre. 

18  Rosario Manuel  Gonzalez  Rivera. 

19  Montoso Hermogenes  Diepa. 

20  Miradero Carmelo  Besosa  Pena. 

21  Algarrobo Alfredo  Guifford. 

22  Sabanetas Carmelo  Lange. 

23  Rio  Cafias  abajo Gerardo  Venegas  Gotal. 

24  Leguisamo Alfredo  Cuebas. 

25  Sabalos Vidal  Santana. 

26    do I  Rafael  Gan thrio  Martin. 

27  Guanajibo !  Guillermo  V.  Cintron. 

28  Rio  Hondo Antonio  Garcia  Sanjengo. 

Malezas Do. 

29  Quebrada  Grande Tomas  Boucher  Bayron. 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  HORMIGUKRUS. 

30  Pueblo Elenterio  Pujalo  Quifiones. 

Guanajibo »          Do. 

31  Hormigueros Ambrosio  Marchani. 

Jaguita Do. 

32  Lavadero '.  Manuel  I.  Diez. 

Benavente Do. 

ISLA  MONA. 

33  Isla  Mona J.  J.  Giminez. 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  AS.XM  'i>. 

34  Cuarteles  primero Francisco  Y.  Montoya. 

Cuarteles  tercero Do. 

35  Cuarteles  segundo Sil verio  Aran. 


APPENDICES. 


377 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  M AY AGUEZ— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  ANA8CO — continued. 


Cuarteles  cuarto 
Afiascoarriba... 
Aflasco  abajo  . . . 

Caguabo  

Playa 

Hafillo 

Caracol 

Marias 

Quebrada  Larga 

Pifiales 

Daguey  

Humatas 

Cerro-gordo 

Corcovado 

Espino 

Cidra  

Carreras 

Cercado 

Rio-ariba 

Casey-abajo 

Ovejas 

Casey  arriba 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  CABO  ROJO. 


Pueblo  Norte  . 
Pueblo  Sud 

Bajura 

Monte  Grande , 
.do. 


Guanajibo 
Miradero  . . 


.do. 


Pedernales... 

....do 

Boqueron  — 
Llanos  Tuna . 

....do 

....do 

Llanos  Costa . 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  SAN  GERMAN. 


Silverio  Aran. 
Oscar  Porrata. 

Do. 
Magin  Montoya. 

Eduardo  Ynfante. 

Do. 
Pablo  Ybanez. 

Do. 

Manuel  Betances. 
Antonio  Charneco. 

Do. 
Emilio  Goico. 

Do. 
Serafln  Agostini. 

Do. 

Do. 
Fidel  Benites. 

Do. 

Do. 
Rafael  Mangual  Lopez. 

Do. 


Lucas  E.  Muni/. 
Enrique  Toro  Soler. 
Luis  Bran. 

Antonio  Comas  Ortiz. 
Jose  Garrastasio. 
Juan  B.  Marti. 
Alfredo  Toro  Colberg. 
Tomas  Marini  Silva. 
Wenceslas  Font. 
Sergio  Toro  Ortiz. 
Gil  Bouget. 
Gregorio  Montalvo. 
Manuel  Toro  Peralta. 
Elias  Montalvo  Colberg. 
Arturo  Lopez. 


Pueblo  central 

Pueblo  oriental 

Pueblo  occidental 

Minillas 

Retire 

Guama 

Sabana  Grande  abajo 

Cotui 

Tuna 

Maresua 

Rosario  baio 

Hoconuco  bajo 

Cain  alto 

Hoconuco  alto 

Cain  bajo !  Francisco  PujaK 

Rosario  alto Augusto  Aponte. 

Duey  bajo Gabriel  Veles. 

Sabana  Eneas Gustavo  Deljado. 

Ancones Do. 

Rosario  Penon Vicente  Lopez. 

Duey  alto Do. 


Juan  O'Neill. 
Eduardo  Delgado. 
Salvador  Agrait. 
Luis  Limeris. 
Ramon  Delgado. 
Pedro  Y.  Pajaro. 
Antonio  Ynzarry. 
Rafael  Pujals. 
Eduardo  Quinones. 

Do. 

Carlos  Muxo. 
Martin  R.  Paradis. 
Antonio  Barca. 
Galo  Rosado. 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  LAJAS. 


Pueblo 

Paris 

Santa  Rosa 

Plata 

Lajas  arriba  . . . 

Costa 

Parguera 

Sabana  Yeguas. 

Palmarejo 

Llanos . 


Manuel  Torregrosa. 
Juan  Girona. 
Buenaventura  Pagganadri. 

Do. 

Alfonso  Quintana  Cajas. 
Luis  Biaggi. 

Do. 

Arturo  Zapata. 
Acisclo  Ronda. 

Do. 


Candelaria ,  Bartolome  Yrizarry. 


378  KEPOKT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF   POKTO    EICO,   1899. 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  MA YAGUEZ— Continued. 


No. 


97 
98 
99 
100 
101 
102 


103 
104 
105 
106 
106 
107 
108 
109 
110 
111 
112 
113 


Enumeration  districts. 

Enumerators. 


Designation. 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  SABANA  GRANDE. 

Pueblo  None Sefiorita  Blanca  M.  Malaret. 

Pueblo  Sud ,  Hipolito  Garcia  Sejarro. 

Machuchal Enrique  Falcon. 

Rincon Santos  X  Delgado. 

Santana Clemento  Vasquez. 

Tabonuco Miguel  Schetini. 

do Manuel  Serra  Ortiz. 

Rayo Angel  R.  Falcon. 

Susua Ramon  Gutierrez. 

Torre j         Do. 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  MARICAO. 

Pueblo Enrique  Cuebas  Grappe. 

Maricao  afuera Fermin  Bran. 

Montoso Mateo  Vera. 

Jucarabones Francisco  Beauchamps. 

Indiera  alta Jose  Garcia  Navarro. 

Indiera  Frios ." I  Hipolito  Cuebas. 


Indiera  Fnos : Hipolito  Cu 

Indiera  baja Pedro  Cord 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  LAS  MARIAS. 


Pueblo  and  Mara  villa Ernesto  Vissepo  Cuebas. 

Alto  Song  (Campo) Mario  L.  Vissepe. 

Anones Belford  Souffrout. 

Naranjales Antonio  Olivencia. 

Furnias Do. 

Rio  Canas : Ramon  Freyre  Burgos. 

Palma  Escrita Santiago  Beauchamps. 

Bucarabones Pedro  Vanderdys. 

Cerrote Epifanio  B.  Perez. 

Purisima  Concepcion Ernesto  Vissepo  Hernandez. 

Buenavista lose  Muxo  Vazquez. 

Chamorro Eulojio  Vicento. 

Espino Do. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE. 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  PONCE. 


Barrio  primero . 

Barrio  segundo 

...do. 


1 

2 
3 
4 
5 

6 

7 
8 

it 

M 
11 
1J 
13 
11  do ..  Julio  Yordan. 


Mrs.  Ana  Camps. 
St-fiorita  Olivia  Paoli. 
Seflorita  Angela  Ruiz  Gandia. 


.do Seflorita  Mercedes  Arias 

Barrio  tercero Senorita  RogeliaChardon. 

Barrio  cuarto    Luis  8.  Vasquez. 

.do Bernardino  Bocanegra. 


Barrio  quinto Senorita  Dolores  A.  Duran. 

...do... 


.do. 


Content . 


.  Boscana. 
Antonio  Pasarell. 
Guillenno  Atiles  Santos. 


.do j  Oriol  Pasarell,  2d. 

-do .    Eduardo  Neuman. 


15  I  Playa . 

If,   do. 

17    do. 


18    Canas. 
Ill   do. 


Carlos  Gensana. 

Manuel  Yzquierdo. 

Ricardo  Arias. 

Avelino  Rodriguez. 

Mariano  Y.  Clavell. 

Luciano  Rivera. 

Gregorio  Rivera. 

Evaristo  Velasquez. 

Ramon  Rivera. 

•24     San  A nton Ysidoro  Uriarte. 

-  i l)anctas Raimundo  L'riarte. 

i'ii     Hiicana-Vayas Pedro  I.  Massanet. 


•_><)     1'ortiigues. 

21      TilX!S 

•£>    do. 


-an  Patrick) 


27     ('rtpitanejo. 


Guaraguaos . 
.do. 


Francisco  Trigo. 
Jose  Teissoniurf. 
Jose  C.Ortiz. 
Julio  Ruiz. 


Quebrada  Limon Genaro  Solcr. 


Maruono. 
MaehiiL'loabajo. 
.do. 


Luis  V.  Quintano. 
Ramon  Vando. 
Rafael  San  Millan. 


35    Coto- Laurel Manuel  Paoli. 


APPENDICES. 


379 


Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  PONCE — continued. 

Colo-Laurel Cayetano  Casals. 

Machuelo  arriba Arturo  Fornaris,  2rt. 

Real Rafael  Balaguer. 

Ce  rrillos  Carlos  A  tiles. 

Maraguez Julio  Ranin. 

do Francisco  Rodriguez  Batista. 

Montes  Llanos Gustavo  Mas. 

Anon Natalio  Gonzalez. 

do Jose  R.  Vendrell. 

Especial  Arturo  Fornaris,  1st. 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  ADJUNTAS. 

Pueblo Martin  Aparicio. 

Saltillo Juan  F.  Quintana. 

do Jose  Cobian. 

Pellejas Jose  Delgado. 

do Arturo  Aparicio. 

Capaes Manuel  Garrastegin. 

Portillo Regino  Nieves. 

Guayabo  Dulce Juan  Garcia  Berenjuer. 

Guilarte ;  Ramon  Llompart. 

Yahuecas Americo  Rodriguez. 

— do Francisco  Santiago. 

Garzas Juan  Aparicio. 

Limani Pedro  Castro  Arias. 

Vega  arriba Jose  Schwartzkopff. 

Tanama j  Guillermo  Carreras. 

Ya vales Antonio  Medina. 

Juan  Gonzalez  and  Portugues I  Jose  Gregorio  Loba. 

Guayo  and  Vega  abajo Francisco  Yrizarry. 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  AIBONITO. 

Norte  and  Sud Angel  de  la  Cruz. 

Asomante  and  Caonillas •. , Francisco  Colon. 

Algarrobo  and  Llano Fausto  Negron. 

Cuyon Juan  A.  del  Manzano. 

Pastos  and  Roble !  Manuel  Martinez  Aviles. 

Plata j  Ramon  A.  Rodriguez. 

MUNICIPAL   DISTRICT   BARROS. 

Pueblo Emilio  Santo  Domingo. 

Ala  de  la  Piedra  and  Orocovis Eladio  Rodriguez. 

Botijas Jose  E.  Zavala. 

Gato Manuel  Ramos. 

Saltos Clemente  Valle. 

Sabana  and  Mata  de  cafia <  Francisco  Carreras. 

Barros j  Gervasio  Colon. 

Pellejas  and  Bauta  arriba Juan  M.  Yglesia. 

Bermejales Roman  Carreras. 

Bauta  abajo Jose  Rojas. 

Damian  arriba Amadeo  Barredo. 

Damian  abajo Bautista  Latorro. 

Collores  and  Cacaos Lucas  Colon. 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  BARRANQUITAS. 

Pueblo Senorita  Angela  Santaella. 

Palo  lincado Julio  F.  Ortiz. 

Helechal Jose  Munoz  Rivera. 

Quebradillas Tomas  Pagan. 

Honduras Jose  M.  Santini. 

Quebrada  grande Manuel  Carvajal. 

Canabon Joaquin  Rojas. 

Barrancas Tomas  Colon. 

MUNICIPAL   DISTRICT   COAMO. 

Ermita .    Edelmiro  Matos. 

Este  and  Oeste |  Domingo  Emanuelli. 

Cuyon  and  Palmarejo I  Euripides  Rodriguez. 

Pasto Hermogenes  Rodriguez. 

ban  Ildefonso Jose  Baerga. 

llanos !  juan  R.  jusino. 

Santa  Cn talma j  Rogaciano  F.  Fontanez. 

Pedro  Garcia i  Marcos  Blancos. 


380  REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

Enumeration  districts  and  enumerators — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 


Designation. 


Enumerators. 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  COAMO — continued. 


Cayales 

Coamo  arriba 
Pulguillas — 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  GUAYANILLA. 


Pueblo 

Magas  and  Playa 

Indios  and  Boca 

Jagua  and  Concejo 

Llano  and  Quebradas 

Barrero  and  Macana 

Sierra  baja 

Quebrada-honda  and  Jagua-Pasto . 
Pasto... 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  JUANA   DIAZ. 


Norte  and  Sur 

Este  and  Oeste 

1 .1  >i nas  and  Sabana  Liana. 

Guayabal 

do 


Hato-Puerco  abajo. 

Villalba  abajo 

Hato-Puerco  arriba , 

Villalba  arriba , 

...do... 


....do 

Caonilla  arriba 

Caonilla  abajo 

Vacas 

Jacaguas  and  Callado. 

Collores 

...do... 


do 

Cintrona 

Capitanejo 

Armuelas 

Tijeras  and  Emajagual 

Rio  Caflas  arriba 

Rio  Caflas  abajo 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  PENUELAS. 

Pueblo 

Cuevas  and  Tallaboa  Saliente 

Tallaboa  Poniente , 

Tallaboa  alta 

Encarnacion  and  Coto 

Jagua , 

Rucio 

do. 


Quebrada  Ceiba. 
Santo  Domingo . 

Macana.. 

Barreal  .. 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  SANTA  ISABEL. 


Pueblo  and  Playa 

Felicia  No.  1  and  Felicia  No.  2 

Jauca  No.  1  and  Jauca  No.  2 

Boca,  Velazquez,  and  Descalabrado. 


MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT  YAUCO. 


Jose  E.  Aponte. 
Manuel  Marquez. 
Rosendo  Quesada. 


Ramon  Yordan. 
Alejandro  Marguez. 
Antonio  Yrizarry. 
Jose  A.  Pajaro. 
Joaquin  Yordan. 
Pedro  Romanacce. 
Rodolfo  Pacheco. 
Joaquin  F.  Torres  Lujo. 
Rodolfo  Pascual. 


Antonio  Aracil. 
Dacio  Pasarell. 
Jose  Oriol  Mufioz. 
Carlos  Julia. 
Santiago  Rodriguez. 
Agapito  Cortes. 
Joaquin  Torres. 
Antonio  Rivera. 
Felipe  Colon. 
Serafin  M.  Natali. 
Oscar  Munoz. 
Vicente  F.  Rodriguez. 
Mauricio  de  la  Cruz. 
Pedro  G.  Goico. 
Ceferino  Rodriguez. 
Manuel  Ferrer. 
Rogerio  Vasquez. 
Luis  Cruz. 
Eloy  Diaz. 

Manuel  Y.  Villarouja. 
Juan  C.  Medrano. 
Manuel  Rodriguez. 
Carlos  Marin. 
Reinaldo  Alvarez. 


Jose  N.  Purcell. 
Gabino  Balusguide. 
Rafael  Soldevila. 
Pedro  Lanusa. 
Ramon  Perez. 
Julio  Gonzalez. 
Enrique  Ginestre. 
Rafael  Gonzalez. 
Jose  Belen  Gotay. 
Ulises  Ramirez. 
Romulo  Purcell. 
Francisco  Ferrer  Banza. 


Marcelino  Torres. 
Rosendo  Arce. 
Rafael  Vechini. 
Pedro  Comas. 


Pueblo  Norte Julio  Arismendi. 

do Santiago  F.  Negroni. 

PuebloSud Jose  Maria  Mattei. 

Guanica Ramon  C.  Martin. 

do Tomas  Berastain. 

Barinas lesus  Beril. 

Jacana  and  Almacigo  alto Ramon  Pagan. 

Insua  alta  nnrt  Ciego  Hernandez Feodosio  Nigaglioni. 

Insua  baja Santiago  Negroni  Nigaglioni. 

Almacigo  bajo Leopoldo  Porrata. 

Algarrobos Alejandro  Agostiiii. 


APPENDICES.  381 

illxtrifls  and  enumerator* — Continued. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  PONCE— Continued. 


Enumeration  districts. 

Enumerators. 


Designation. 


MCXICIPAL  DISTRICT  YAr«> — continued. 

it.-'  Vegas  and  Caimito Augusto  Agostini. 

1  t,:i  Collores Hercilio  Vasquez. 

livi  Rancheras Antonio  Follinchi. 

165  Rubias |  Carlos  M.  Fraticelli. 

166  Frailes j  Angel  Vargas. 

If'.T  Naranio  !  Jose  Perez  Pagan. 

168  i  Rio  Pneto Domingo  Pietri  Roman. 

169  Aguas  Blancas Francisco  Lopez. 

170  Duev Salvador  Sune. 


171  I  Quebradas 


172 


Sierra  alta 


Luis  Garcia  Toro. 
Antonio  Sanchez. 


APPENDIX  IV. 

CONTRACT  FOR  TABULATING  THE  ENUMERATION  OF  POPULATION  OF 
Till.  ISLANDS  OF  CUBA  AND  PORTO  RICO. 

Whereas  the  Tabulating  Machine  Company,  through  its  general  manager,  Herman 
Hollerith,  has  submitted  an  offer  to  the  Director  of  the  Census  of  Cuba  and  Porto 
Rico  to  tabulate  the  enumeration  of  the  population  of  the  said  islands,  and  said 
Director  has  concluded  to  accept  said  proposition, 

It  is  hereby  agreed  by  and  between  Colonel  J.  P.  Sanger,  Director  of  the  Census  of 
Cuba  and  Porto  Rico,  party  of  the  first  part,  and  the  Tabulating  Machine  Company, 
a  corporation  of  the  State  of  Ne\v  York,  party  of  the  second  part,  as  follows: 

The  party  of  the  second  part,  in  consideration  of  the  payments  to  be  made  to  it  as 
hereinafter  provided,  agrees  to  tabulate  by  the  Hollerith  tabulating  system,  and 
under  the  direction  of  its  general  manager,  the  enumeration  of  the  population  of 
the  islands  of  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico  from  the  schedules  to  be  delivered  to  it  by  the 
party  of  the  first  part  according  to  the  twenty-two  (22)  tables  heretofore  submitted. 

The  party  of  the  first  part  hereby  agrees  to  pay  to  the  party  of  the  second  part  for 
such  tabulation  the  sum  of  three  and  one-half  (3$)  cents  for  each  person,  and  one 
(1)  cent  for  each  building  enumerated,  as  follow.-: 

Eight-tenths  (0.8)  of  one  cent  per  person  on  completion  of  the  tabulation  of 
tables  1  and  2. 

Three-tenths  (0.3)  of  one  cent  per  person  on  completion  of  the  tabulation  of 
tables  3  ami  4. 

Three-tenths  (0.3)  of  one  cent  per  person  on  completion  of  the  tabulation  of 
tables  5  and  7. 

Forty-five  hundredths  (0.45)  of  one  cent  per  person  on  completion  of  the  tabula 
rion  of  tables  8, 9,  and  10. 

Seventy-five  hundredths  (0.75)  of  one  cent  per  person  on  completion  of  the  tabu- 
lation of  tables  11, 12, 13, 14,  and  15. 

Nine-tenths  (0.9)  of  one  cent  per  person  on  completion  of  the  tabulation  of  tables 
16.  17,  18,  19,  20,  and  21. 

The  payments  for  tabulating  tables  1  and  2,  and  for  tabulating  tables  3  and  4,  are 
to  be  made  on  the  completion  of  such  tables  for  each  province  of  Cuba  and  depart- 
ment of  Porto  Rico,  and  for  the  remaining  tables  5  to  22  inclusive,  on  completion  of 
such  tables  for  each  island. 


382  REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF    PORTO    RTCO,   1899. 

The  party  of  the  second  part  agrees  to  commence  such  tabulation  without  delay 
upon  receipt  of  the  schedules  from  the  party  of  the  first  part,  and  to  proceed  with 
and  complete  said  tabulation  with  diligence  and  dispatch. 

The  party  of  the  second  part  further  agrees  to  tabulate  the  schedules  relating  to 
agriculture  and  schools  for  said  islands  according  to  such  tables  as  may  be  required 
by  the  party  of  the  first  part,  for  which  tabulations  the  party  of  the  first  part  agrees 
to  pay  to  the  party  of  the  second  part,  in  addition  to  the  payments  above  provided 
for,  the  actual  cost  of  such  tabulation  (which  shall  include  rent,  clerk  hire,  mate- 
rial, and  all  other  expenses)  plus  ten  (10)  per  cent  of  such  cost  for  the  services  of 
the  party  of  the  second  part  for  superintending  and  directing  the  work. 

The  party  of  the  first  part  may  at  any  time  discontinue  the  tabulation  of  the 
schedules  relating  to  agriculture  and  schools  by  giving  written  notice  to  that  effect 
to  the  party  of  the  second  part;  and  in  such  event  all  records  and  results  are,  to  be 
delivered  to  the  party  of  the  first  part,  and  the  party  of  the  second  part  shall  be 
paid  for  the  cost  of  the  work  plus  said  ten  (10)  per  cent  for  services,  to  the  date  of 
the  receipt  of  such  notice  by  the  party  of  the  second  part. 

In  witness  whereof  the  parties  aforesaid  have  executed  this  agreement  in  quadru- 
plicate, and  have  hereunto  set  their  hands  and  affixed  their  seals  this  1st  day  of 
February,  A.  D.  1900. 

Signed  by  contracting  parties  and  witnessed. 


APPENDIX  V. 
GOVERNORS  OF  PORTO  RICO. 

1.  Juan  Ponce  de  Leon,  appointed  by  their  Majesties  on  March  2,  1510,  captain  of 
the  island,  and  turned  over  the  command  by  royal  order  in  1511  to 

2.  Juan  Ceron  and  Miguel  Diaz,  appointed  by  Admiral  Diego  Columbus  in  the  use 
of  his  rights,  acknowledged  by  the  Council  of  Indies.     They  governed  until  1514,  at 
which  period  the  same  admiral  removed  them  and  appointed 

3.  Commander    Moscoso,    whose  administration   was  very   brief,    resigning  the 
authority  in  the  same  year  to 

4.  Cristobal  de  Mendoza,  who  led  the  expedition  against  the  Indians  of  Vieques 
and  left  for  Sevilla,  being  substituted  in  his  turn  by 

5.  Juan  Ponce  de  Leon,  appointed  for  the  second  time,  on  September  27,  1514, 
captain  of  the  island,  with  civil  and  criminal  jurisdiction  on  both  land  and  sea.     He 
governed  seven  years,  and  as  he  was  preparing,  in  1520,  for  his  second  expedition  to 
Florida,  he  intrusted  the  command  to 

6.  Antonio  de  la  Gama,  who,  in  September,  1519,  had  arrived  at  San  Juan  in  the 
capacity  of  judge,  and  who  married  a  daughter  of  Ponce  de  Leon.     Gama  retained 
the  supreme  authority  until  the  beginning  of  1521,  in  which  year  he  transferred  it, 
by  order  of  the  King,  to  Diego  Columbus,  who  selected  as  his  lieutenant 

7.  Pedro  Moreno,  the  municipal  mayor,  who  had  been  the  solicitor  of  the  city,  and 
who  retained  the  command  until  1529,  in  which  year 

8.  Antonio  de  la  Gama,  Ponce  de  Leon's  son-in-law,  was  appointed  in  his  place. 
His  management  could  not  have  been  very  satisfactory,  as  he  was  removed  in  1531, 
his  successor  being 

9.  Lucas  Vazquez  de  Ayllon,  a  justice  of  the  audiencia  of  Santo  Domingo,  in  order 
that,  assuming  the  general  authority,  he  might  supervise  the  actions  of  Moreno  as 


APPENDICES.  383 

well  as  of  Gama.     The  latter  left  for  Venezuela,  and  after  his  task  was  ended  Ayllon 
returned  to  the  Espanola,  in  the  same  year,  the  command  being  transferred  to 

10.  Francisco  Manuel  de  Lando,  the  ordinary  municipal  mayor,  appointed,  as 
Moreno  had  been,  the  lieutenant  of  the  admiral.     Lando  discharged  his  duties  until 
1537,  in  which  year  the  Crown  recovered  the  right  to  appoint  the  captains  and  jus- 
tices of  San  Juan.     This  news  was  very  gladly  received  in  the  island,  but  as  seven 
years  elapsed  without  the  right  being  exercised,  the  ordinary  mayors  continued 
exercising  the  government,  to  the  great  dissatisfaction  of  the  residents,  who  com- 
plained in  1541  that  they  had  no  head.     Finally,  in  1544,  His  Majesty  appointed  as 
captain 

11.  Geronimo  Lebron,   who  arrived  in  Porto  Rico  in  1545,  and  died  a  natural 
death  fifteen  days  after  his?  taking  possession  of  the  office.     He  was  substituted  in 
the  same  year  by 

12.  Licentiate  Cervantes  de  Loaysa,  a  justice  who  resided  in  the  Espanola,  and  who 
was  appointed  on  the  petition  of  the  residents  of  San  Juan.     His  strict  rule  brought 
about  such  dissatisfaction  that  in  1547  the  municipality  requested  the  monarch  that 
he  should  not  be  allowed  to  govern  in  perpetuity,  because  it  would  mean  the  ruin  of 
the  island. 

13.  Luis  de  Vallejo  governed  from  June,  1550,  to  April,  1554,  being  replaced  by 

14.  Licentiate  Caraza,  appointed  in  1555,  and  who  governed  until  1561.     He  was 
succeeded  by 

15.  Antonio  de  la  Llama  Vallejo,  who  married  Leonora  Ponce,  the  daughter  of 
the  conqueror,  and  who  governed  to  1564.     In  this  year  the  appointment  of  civil 
officials  as  governors  of  the  island  was  discontinued  and 

16.  Francisco  Bahamonde  Lugo,  a  cavalry  captain  in  Flanders,  was  appointed. 
He  was  obliged  in  person  to  lead  an  expedition  against  the  invasion  of  savages, 
receiving  an  arrow  in  a  muscle  which  endangered  his  life.     His  government  ended 
in  Io69,  and  he  left  for  Spain.     At  the  beginning  of  1570  he  was  succeeded  by 

17.  Francisco  de  Solis,  a  native  of  Salanlanca,  appointed  for  four  years  at  an  annual 
salary  of  775,000  maravedis.     He  was  succeeded  in  1575  by 

18.  Francisco  de  Obando,  who  continued  in  office  until  1580,  being  followed  by 

19.  Juan  de  Cespedes,  who  died  the  same  year.     The  next  governor  arrived  in  the 
island  in  1581. 

20.  Juan  Melgarejo,  a  native  of  Sevilla,  whose  duty  it  was  to  prepare  a  geographic 
description  of  the  country.     He  transferred  the  government  in  1583  to 

21.  Diego  Melendez,  mentioned  by  Abbad,  and  who  governed  the  island  for  eleven 
years,  from  1583  to  1594. 

22.  Pedro  Xuarez,  colonel,  governed  provisionally  in  1593  and  1595. 

23.  Alonso  Mercado,  in  1599,  captain. 

24.  Sancho  Ochoa  de  Castro,  in  1602. 

25.  Gabriel  de  Rojas,  in  1603. 

26.  Felipe  Beaumont  y  Navarra  m  1614. 

27.  Juan  de  Vargas,  in  1620. 

28.  Juan  de  Haro,  in  1625. 

29.  Enrique  Henriquez,  in  1630. 

30.  Inigo  de  la  Mota,  1635. 

31.  Agustin  de  Silva,  in  1656. 

32.  Maestre  de  Campo  Juan  Perez  de  Guzman,  in  1661. 

33.  Maestre  de  Campo  Geronimo  de  Velasco,  in  1664. 

34.  Maestre  de  Campo  Gaspar  de  Arteaga,  in  1670.     Died  on  March  7.  1674. 

35.  Maj.  Diego  de  Robladillo,  in  1674,  temporary. 

36.  Capt.  Baltasar  Figueroa,  in  1674,  temporary. 
37    Maestre  de  Campo  Alonso  Campo,  in  1675. 


384  REPORT    ON   THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO    RICO,   1899. 

38.  Maestre  de  Campo  Juan  Robles,  in  1678. 

39.  Maestre  de  Campo  Gaspar  de  Andono,  in  1683. 

40.  Maestre  de  Campo  Gaspar  de  Arredondo,  in  1690  to  1695. 

41.  Maj.  Tomas  Franco,  to  1698. 

42.  Maj.  Antonio  Robles,  to  1699,  temporary. 

43.  Maestre  de  Campo  Gaspar  de  Arredondo,  in  1699. 

44.  Maestre  de  Campo  Gabriel  Gutierrez  de  Rivas,  in  1700. 

45.  Maj.  Diego  Villaran,  in  1703,  temporary. 

46.  Capt.  Francisco  Sanchez,  in  1703,  temporary. 

47.  Capt.  Pedro  de  Arroyo,  to  1705. 

48.  Maestre  de  Campo  Juan  Morla,  temporary. 

49.  Maj.  Francisco  Granados,  to  1708. 

50.  Col.  Juan  Rivera,  to  1713. 

51.  Jose  Carreno,  in  1716,  temporary. 

52.  Maj.  Alonso  Bertodano,  in  1716. 

53.  Maj.  Francisco  Granados,  to  1720. 

54.  Captain  of  Cavalry  Jose  Mendizabal,  to  1724. 

55.  Lieut.  Col.  Matias  Abadia,  to  1731. 

56.  Maj.  Domingo  Nanglares,  to  1743. 

57.  Col.  Juan  Colomo,  in  1743. 

58.  Col.  Agustin  Pareja,  to  1751. 

59.  Lieut.  Col.  Matias  Bravo,  to  1755. 

60.  Mateo  de  Guazo. 

61.  Felipe  Ramirez. 

62.  Col.  Marcos  de  Vergara,  1766. 

63.  Lieut.  Col.  Jose  Tentor,  temporary. 

64.  Col.  Miguel  de  Muesas,  to  1775. 

65.  Brig.  Gen.  Jose  Dufresne,  to  1783. 

66.  Brig.  Gen.  Juan  Daban,  to  1789. 

67.  Brig.  Gen.  Miguel  Ustariz,  to  1792. 

68.  Brig.  Gen.  Francisco  Torralbo,  to  1795. 

69.  Camp  Marshal  Ramon  de  Castro,  to  1804. 

70.  Camp  Marshal  Toribio  de  Montes,  to  1809. 

71.  Camp  Marshal  Salvador  Melendez,  to  1820. 

72.  Brig.  Gen.  Juan  Vasco  y  Pascual,  in  1820. 

73.  Brig.  Gen.  Gonzalo  Arostegui,  to  1822. 

74.  Col.  Jose  Navarro,  in  1822,  temporary. 

75.  Lieut.  Gen.  Miguel  de  la  Torre,  Count  of  Torrepando,  to  1837. 

76.  Camp  Marshal  Francisco  Moreda,  in  1837. 

77.  Camp  Marshal  Miguel  Lopez  Banos,  to  1840. 

78.  Lieut.  Gen.  Santiago  Mendez  Vigo,  to  1844. 

79.  Lieut.  Gen.  the  Count  of  Mirasol,  to  1847. 

80.  Camp  Marshal  Juan  Prim,  Count  of  Reus,  to  1848. 

81.  Lieut.  Gen.  Juan  de  la  Pezuela,  to  1851. 

82.  Camp  Marshal  the  Marquis  of  Spain,  to  1852,  temporary. 

83.  Lieut.  Gen.  Fernando  de  Norzagaray,  to  1855. 

84.  Lieut.  Gen.  Andres  Garcia  Camba,  in  1855. 

85.  Lieut.  Gen.  Jose  Lemery,  to  1857. 

86.  Lieut.  Gen.  Fernando  Cotoner,  to  1860. 

87.  Lieut.  Gen.  Rafael  Echague,  to  1862. 

88.  Brig.  Gen.  Rafael  Izquierdo,  in  1862,  temporary. 

89.  Lieut.  Gen.  Felix  Maria  de  Messina,  to  1S»;.">. 

90.  Lieut.  Gen.  Jose  Maria  Marchesi,  in  1867. 


APPENDICES.  885 

91.  Lieut.  Gen.  Julian  Juan  Pavia,  in  1869. 

92.  Jose  Laureano  Sanz,  lieutenant-general,  in  1870. 

93.  Gabriel  Baldrich,  lieutenant-general,  in  1872. 

94.  Ramon  Gomez  Pulido,  lieutenant-general,  in  1872. 

95.  Simon  de  la  Torre,  lieutenant-general,  in  1872. 

96.  J.  Martinez  Plower,  lieutenant-general,  in  1873. 

97.  Rafael  Primo  de  Rivera,  lieutenant-general,  in  1873. 

98.  Jose  Laureano  Sanz,  lieutenant-general,  in  1875. 

99.  Segundo  de  la  Portilla,  lieutenant-general,  in  1877. 

100.  Manuel  de  la  Serna,  lieutenant-general,  in  1878. 

101.  Eulogio  Despujols,  lieutenant-general,  in  1881. 

102.  Segundo  de  la  Portilla,  lieutenant-general,  in  1884. 

103.  Miguel  de  la  Vega  Inclan,  lieutenant-general,  in  1884. 

104.  Ramon  Fajardo,  lieutenant-general,  in  1884. 

105.  Luis  Daban,  lieutenant-general,  in  1885. 

106.  Romualdo  Palacio,  lieutenant-general,  in  1887. 

107.  Juan  Contreras,  temporary,  camp  marshal,  in  1887. 

108.  Pedro  Ruiz  Dana,  lieutenant-general,  in  1888. 

109.  Jose  Lasso  Perez,  lieutenant-general,  in  1892. 

110.  Antonio  Daban,  lieutenant-general,  in  1893. 

111.  Jose  Gamir,  lieutenant-general,  in  1895. 

112.  Manuel  Delgado  Zulueta,  temporary,  general  of  division,  to  February  15, 1896. 

113.  Sabas  Marin,  lieutenant-general,  to  January  4, 1898. 

114.  Ricardo  Ortega,  general  of  division,  January  4,  1898,  to  January  11,  1898, 
temporary. 

115.  Andres  Gonzalez  Mufioz,  lieutenant-general,  January  11,  1898.     (Died  the 
same  day ) . 

116.  Ricardo  Ortega,  general  of  division,  January  12,  1898,  temporary,  to  Feb- 
ruary 2,  1898. 

117.  Manuel  Macias  y  Casado,  lieutenant-general,  February  2, 1898,  to  October  16, 
1898. 

118.  Ricardo  Ortega,  general  of  division,  temporary,  from  October  16,  1898,  to  the 
18th  of  the  same  month  and  year,  on  which  day  the  general  government  of  the  island 
was  turned  over  to  Maj.  Gen.  John  R.  Brooke. 

119.  Maj.  Gen.  John  R.  Brooke,  Military  Governor,  October  18,  1898,  to  Decem- 
ber 6,  1898. 

120.  Maj.  Gen.  Guy  V.  Henry,  Military  Governor,  December  6, 1898,  to  May  9,  1899. 

121.  Brig.  Gen.  George  W.  Davis,  Military  Governor,  May  9, 1899,  to  May  1,  1900. 

122.  Charles  H.  Allen,  Civil  Governor,  inaugurated  May  1,  1900. 

8490—00 25 


386 


REPORT    ON    THE    CENSUS    OF   PORTO   RICO,   1899. 


APPENDIX  VI. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  books  consulted  in  the  preparation  of  the  Report  of 
the  Census  of  the  Island  of  Porto  Rico: 


Author. 


Title. 


Abad,  J .  R Puerto  Rico  en  la  Feria-Exposici6u  de  Ponce  en  1882.    Ponce, 

1886. 

Abbad  y  Lasierra,  Fr.  Inigo Historia  de  Puerto  Rico.    Ampliada  por  Don  Jose  J.  Acosta. 

San  Juan,  1866. 
Acosta  y  Calvo,  Jose  J Agricultura  tropical.    Puerto  Rico,  1862. 

American  State  Papers. 
Bedwell,  C.  J.  (British  consul  to  Porto     Account  of  the  Aborigines  of  Porto  Rico.    1879. 

Rico). 
Brau,  Salvador Las  clases  jornaleras  en  Puerto  Rico.    San  Juan,  1882. 

British  State  Papers. 

Carroll,  H.  K Report  on  the  Island  of  Porto  Rico. 

Coclun,  Augustin L'Espagne  et  1'esclavage.    Paris,  1869. 

Coll  y  Toste,  Dr.  C.  (civil  secretary  of     Resefla  del  Estate  Social,  Econ6mico  <5  Industrial  de  la  Isla 
Porto  Rico).  de  Puerto  Rico,  1899. 

Contreras,  J Guia  oflcial  de  Puerto  Rico,  1897. 

Cdrdoba ,  Pedro  T.  de Mamoria  geografica.  hist6rica,  etc. ,  de  Puerto  Rico.  San  Juan, 

1831. 
Davis,  Gen.  George  W Reports  on  Porto  Rico. 

Reports  on  Military  Telegraph  Lines  of  Porto  Rico. 

Diaz  Caneja,  Ignacio La  cuestion  ultramarina.    Puerto  Rico,  1885. 

I  Waterloo  politico.    Puerto  Rico,  1891. 
1  Reformas  de  Maura.    Puerto  Rico,  1893. 
Flinter,  Col.  Geo.  D Porto  Rico. 

Slavery  in  Porto  Rico. 

Hall.A.D PortoRico. 

Halstead,  Murat Our  New  Possession,  etc. 

Humm,  M.  A Porto  Rico  and  the  West  Indies. 

Hill,  R.  T :  Cuba,  Porto  Rico,  and  other  islands  of  the  West  Indies. 

Irving Life  of  Columbus. 

Columbus  and  his  Companions. 

Labra,  Rafael  M.  de La  Republica  y  las  libertades  de  Ultramar.    Madrid,  1897. 

Miles,  Maj.  Gen.  N.  W Report  on  Military  Operations  in  Porto  Rico 

Ministerio  de  Ultramar Regimen  del  gobierno  en  Puerto  Rico.    Madrid,  1897. 

Ober,  F.  A j  Porto  Rico  and  its  Resources. 

Pezuela,  N Cr6nica  de  las  Antillas.    Madrid,  1871. 

Rector The  Story  of  Beautiful  Porto  Rico. 

Robinson,  Albert  Gardner Porto  Rico  of  To-Day. 

Stahl,  Dr.  Agustin Los  Indies  Borinquenos.    Puerto  Rico,  1889. 

Tapia  y  Rivera,  Pedro Biblioteca  hist6rica  de  Puerto  Rico. 

Valle,  Jose  G.  del Puerto  Rico  en  la  Exposicion  de  Chicago.    Puerto  Rico,  1895. 

Vines,  Benito Apuntes  relatives  a  los  huracanes  en  las  Antillas.    Habana 

1877. 
War  Department Military  Notes  on  Porto  Rico. 


APPENDICES. 


387 


APPE^7DIX  VII. 


Census  of  Porto  Rico  in  account  with  the  Insular  Treasury  of  Porto  Rico. 


DR. 

Sept.  1,  1899,  original  estimate  and 
allotment $199,000.00 


Total 199.000.00 


Expenditures  as  follows: 
Director — 

Stationery  and  other  of- 
fice supplies $70.15 

Salary  of  clerk  and  mes- 
senger  315.00 

Traveling  expenses  to 
and  through  Porto 
Rico 96.25 


M8L40 

Assistant  Director,  salary 4, 160. 00 

7  supervisors,  salaries 3, 246. 00 

911  enumerators,  salaries 52, 870. 00 

Clerks,  special  agents,  and  mes- 
sengers of  Assistant  Director 

and  supervisors 7, 620. 05 

Transportation  of  stores  and  per- 
sons    1,149.24 

Rent  and  incidental  expenses  of 

offices  in  Porto  Rico 3,893.71 

Census  property l 653. 42 

Census  stationery  and  printing  .  1, 739. 89 

Tabulating 39,444.38 

Printing  bulletins 663.14 

Printing  and  illustrating  Eng- 
lish edition  of  report,  6,500 

copies 6,643.75 

Printing  and  illustrating  Span- 
ish edition  of  report,  4,000  cop- 
ies   5,841.11 

Translating  report  and  bulletins 

into  Spanish 712. 17 

Indexing  report 65.00 

Foreign  postage  census  reports  .  180.00 


Total  expenditures 129, 362. 26 

Excess   of   allotment  over   ex- 
penditures    69, 637. 74 

Total 199,000.00 


1  All  census  property  in  Porto  Rico  was  purchased  through  the  supply  division  of  the  War  Depart- 
ment. The  census  property  and  stationery  in  Porto  Rico  on  hand  at  the  close  of  the  work,  and  val- 
ued at  $1.143.20,  were  transferred  to  the  insular  authorities. 


II^DEX. 


Page. 

Abad,J.R 386 

Abadia,  Matias  (Governor) 384 

Abbad,  Fray  Inigo 23,24,25,26,30,141 

Abbad  y  Lasierra,  Fr.  Ifiigo 386 

Abercrombie,  Lord  Ralph 15 

Aborigines,  characteristics  and  customs 23-30 

Acosta,  Don  Jos£  Julian 27 

Acoste  y  Calvo,  Jose  J 386 

Adjunta*,  city,  population 163 

Ad  juntas  district 156,162,166,168,171, 

173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 303-305, 338, 340, 342, 344, 347, 349, 351, 353, 379 

Age  and  citizenship 62-65 

conjugal  condition 65-71,200-239 

education 265-267 

literacy 245-265 

nativity 174-185, 200-239, 240-243,  245-265, 265-267, 306-325 

occupations 89,90,306-325,328,329 

race 89, 90, 174-185, 200-239,  240-243,  245-265, 265-267, 267-280, 306-325 

school  attendance 77, 267-280 

sex 53-55, 

172-185, 200-239,  240-243, 245-265, 265-267, 267-280, 306-325, 328, 329 

by  5-year  periods 245-265,265-267,306-325 

comparison  with  other  countries 48 

discussion  of  tables 46-55 

males  over  21  years 190-193 

median 46-48 

definition  of  term 46 

of  illegitimates 240-243 

periods  and  nativity,  in  consensual  unions 200-239 

periods  by  percentages  of  population 49 

school  attendance 267-280 

sex 245-265,265-267 

and  nativity  of  married 200-239 

race  of  married 200-239 

in  relation  to  marriage 200-239 

occupations 306-325, 328, 329 

of  breadwinners 306-325, 328, 329 

husbands,  wives,  and  widowed 70,  71, 200-239 

unmarried 200-239 

ratios 47-52 

table  from  census  of  1887 36 

Agricultural  implements 146 

Agricultural  products 152 

389 


390  INDEX. 

Page. 

Agriculture 118-155 

aboriginal 27 

bureau  of,  organized 21 

census  schedules 147 

history  of 146,147 

tables 352-360 

Aguada,  city,  population 163 

settlement 16 

Aguada  district 79,156,157,164,168,170, 

172, 185, 190, 194, 243, 284-286, 335,  339, 341, 343,  345,  348,  350,  352,  366 

Aguadilla,  city,  population 163 

Aguadilla  department: 

Age 172, 175, 190, 204-207,  240, 247-249, 266,  269,  270,  308, 309 

Age,  median 47 

population  under  15  years 53 

adults,  by  nativity  and  race 63 

Animals 358 

Area  cultivated 149, 352 

in  forest 352 

farms 352 

principal  crops 356 

Birthplace 185,187 

Births  by  years 112, 345 

Conjugal  conditions 194, 196, 204-207 

ratio  of  married 68 

Deaths  by  years 112,  350 

Density  of  population 42 

Distilleries,  number  and  capacity 155 

Dwellings 103 

average  number  of  occupants 103, 104 

number  of  unoccupied 104 

ratio  to  families 105 

Education 243,266 

Excreta,  disposition  of Ill,  343 

Families,  size  of 99-101 , 335 

ratio  to  dwellings 105 

Farm  area 352 

tenure 150,151,354,355 

Farms,  average  size 149 

Forest  area 352 

Garbage  disposal 341 

Illegitimates 240 

Literacy 64,73,190,243,247-249 

Literates  over  10  years  of  age 79 

Livestock 358 

Marriages  by  years 113, 348 

Marriage  rate 117 

Nativity 164, 170, 175, 187, 190, 196, 204-207,  240 

Occupations 87,282,326,327 

Population,  increase 41 

total 156 

Race 59,63,164,170, 

175, 187, 190, 204-207, 240.  L'47-lMU,  266, 269, 270, 281,  282-284,  308,  309 
Rural  population 44 


INDEX.  391 

Aguadilla  department — Continued.  Page. 

School  attendance 76,78,84,85,243,281,269,270 

Schools 281 

Sex 45, 

164, 168, 172, 175, 187, 196,  204-207, 240, 247-249,  266, 308,  309,  345,  350 
Sugar  cane.     (See  references  under  Sugar. ) 
Tobacco.     (See  references  under  Tobacco. ) 

Urban  population 44 

Water  supply  sources 107,  339 

Aguadilla  district 156,157,164,168,170, 

172, 185, 190, 194, 245, 284-286,  335, 339, 341, 343,  345, 348, 350,  352, 365 

Aguas  Buenas,  city,  population 163 

Aguas  Buenas  district 156, 159, 166, 168, 171, 173, 

185, 190, 195,  244, 294-296, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 350, 353,  373,  374 

Aibonito,  city,  population 163 

Aibonito  district 156, 162, 166, 168, 1/1, 

173, 186, 192, 195,  245,  303-305, 338, 340, 342, 344, 347,  349, 351, 353, 379 

Alexander  VI,  Pope 16 

Allen,  Charles  H. ,  civil  governor 21,  385 

American  occupation 18 

Anasco,  city,  population 163 

Anasco  district 156, 161, 166, 168, 171, 173, 

186, 192, 195, 245,  300-302, 337,  340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351,  353,  376, 377 

Andono,  Gaspar  de  (Governor) 384 

Aqueybana 14, 24 

Area  by  density  of  population 42 

cultivated 146,352-357 

in  coffee 146, 356, 357 

principal  crops ' 356,  357 

sugarcane 146,356,357 

tobacco 146, 356, 357 

of  departments 42 

farms 352-357 

by  tenure  and  by  the  race  of  occupant 354-357 

forests 352-353 

Porto  Rico 11,42 

percentage  of  total,  in  cultivation 149 

relation  of,  to  center  of  population 44 

Arecibo,  city,  population 163 

settlement  of 16 

Arecibo  department: 

Age 172,176,190,208-211,240,247-249,266,308,309 

median 47 

population  under  15  years 53 

adults,  by  nativity  and  race 63 

Animals 358,  359 

Area  cultivated 149, 352 

i  n  forest 352 

farms 352 

Birthplace 185,187 

Births  by  years 112,345 

Conjugal  condition 194, 196, 208-211 

ratio  of  married 68 

Deaths  by  years 112,350 

Density  of  population 42 


392  INDEX. 

Arecibo  department — Continued.  Page. 

Distilleries,  number  and  capacity 155 

Dwellings 103 

average  number  of  occupants 103, 104 

number  unoccupied 104 

ratio  to  families 105 

Education % 243,266 

Excreta,  disposition  of Ill,  343 

Families,  ratio  to  dwellings 105 

size  of 99-101,335 

Farm  area 352 

tenure 150,151,354,355 

Farms,  average  size  of 149 

Forest  area 352 

Garbage  disposal 341 

Illegitimates 240 

Literacy 64,73,190,243,247-249 

Literates  over  10  years  of  age 79 

Marriages  by  years 113, 348 

Marriage  rate 117 

Nativity 164, 170, 176, 190, 208-211,  240,  247-249, 266, 282-284, 308, 309 

Occupations 87,282,308,309,326,327 

Population,  total 156 

increase  in 41 

Race * 59,63,164, 

170, 176, 190, 196, 208-211, 240, 247-249, 266,  281,  282-284,  308, 309, 355 

Rural  population 44 

School  attendance 76,  78,  84,  85, 243,  269, 270, 281 

Schools 281 

Sex 45,164,168, 

172, 176, 187, 1%,  208-211, 240, 247-249, 266,  281,  282-284, 308,  309, 345 
Sugar,  cultivation  and  production.     (See  references  under  Sugar.) 
Tobacco,  cultivation  and  production.     (See  references  under  Tobacco. ) 

Urban  population 44 

Water-supply  sources 107, 339 

Arecibo  district 156,157,164,168,170, 

172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 287-289, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348,  350, 352, 368 

Arecibo  River 11 

Argentine  Republic,  proportion  of  unmarried 66 

Army,  American,  welcomed 18 

Arostegui,  Gonzalo  (Governor) 384 

Arredondo,  Gaspar  de  (Governor) 384 

Arroyo,  city,  popoulation 163 

Arroyo  district 156,159,166,168,171, 

173, 185, 190, 195,  244, 294-296, 337, 340, 342, 344,  346, 348, 350, 353, 373 

Arroyo,  Pedro  de  (Governor) 384 

Arteaga,  Gaspar  de  (Governor) 383 

Asses 358-360 

Austria,  proportion  of  unmarried 66 

Ayllon,  Lucas  Vasquez  de  (Governor) 382 

B. 

Badrena,  Manuel,  estimate  of  cane  cultivation 140 

report  on  coffee  cultivation 125-129 

supervisor  Mayaguez  department 361 


INDEX.  393 

Page. 

Bahama.",  percentage  of  colored  population 56 

Baldrich,  Gabriel  (Governor) 385 

Bananas,  area  cultivated  in 356-357 

Bafios,  Miguel  Lopez  (Governor) 384 

Barbados,  percentage  of  colored  population 56, 57 

proportion  of  unmarried 66 

Barcelona,  Company  of 31 

Barceloneta,  city,  population 163 

Barceloneta  district 156,157,164,168,170, 

172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 287-289, 336,  339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 369 

Barranquitas  district 156, 162, 166, 168, 171, 

173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 303-305, 338, 340, 342, 344,  347, 349, 351, 353,  379 

Barrios 157-163 

Barros  district 156,162,166,168,171, 

173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 303-305,  338, 340,  342, 344, 347, 349,  351, 353, 379 

Bayamon,  city,  population 163 

Bayamon  department: 

Age 172, 177, 190,  212-215, 251-253, 266, 271,  272, 312, 313 

adults,  by  nativity  and  race 63 

median 47 

population  under  15  years 53 

Animals 358,359 

Area  cultivated 149, 352 

in  farms 352 

forest 352 

principal  crops 357 

Birthplace 185,187 

Births  by  years : 112,345 

Conjugal  condition 194, 197,  212-215 

ratio  of  married 68 

Deaths  by  years 1 12, 350 

Density  of  population 42 

Distilleries,  number  and  capacity 155 

Dwellings 103 

average  number  of  occupants 103, 104 

number  unoccupied 104 

ratio  to  families 105 

Education 243,266 

Execreta,  disposition  of Ill,  343 

Families,  ratio  to  dwellings 105 

size  of 99-101,335 

Farm  area 352 

tenure 150,151,354,355 

Farms,  average  size  of 149 

Forest  area 352 

Garbage  disposal . 341 

Illegitimates 241 

Literacy 64,73,74,190,243,251-253 

Literates  over  10  years  of  age 79 

Livestock 358,359 

Marriages  by  years 113, 348 

Marriage  rate 117 

Nativity 164, 170, 177, 190, 197,  212-215, 251-253, 266, 282-284,  312, 313 

Occupations 87,282,312,313,326,327 


394  INDEX. 

Bayamon  department — Continued.  Page. 

Occupations,  ratios 87, 88 

Population,  increase 41 

total 156 

Race 59,63,164,170,177, 

187, 190, 197, 212-215, 241, 251-253, 266, 271,  272,  281, 282-284,  312,  313 

Rural  population 44 

School  attendance 78, 84, 85, 243, 271,  272, 281 

Schools 281 

Sex 45,164,168,172,177,187,197 

212-215, 241, 243, 251-253,  266,  271,  272, 281, 282-284, 312, 313, 345, 350 
Sugar.     (See  references  under  Sugar.) 
Tobacco.     (See  references  under  Tobacco.) 

Urban  population 44 

Water-supply  sources 107, 339 

Bayamon  district 156, 158, 164, 1 70, 

172, 185, 190, 194, 244,  290-293, 336,  339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350,  352, 370 

Bayamon  River 11 

Beaumont  y  Navarra,  Don  Felipe  (Governor) 30, 383 

Bedwell,  F 24 

Belgium,  proportion  of  unmarried 66 

Bermudas,  percentage  of  colored  population 56 

Bertodano,  Alonso  (Governor) 384 

Bidwell,  C.J 386 

Birthplace  (see  also  Nativity ) 62-65, 185-193, 333, 334 

Birthrate 116 

Births  by  years  and  departments 112 

districts,  and  by  sex 345-347 

Bishop  of  San  Juan 29 

Blanco  River 11 

Borinquen,  Indian  name  for  Porto  Rico 13 

Brau,  Salvador 386 

Bravo,  Matfas  (Governor) 384 

Breadwinners  (see  also  Occupations),  discussion  of  tables 94 

British  Honduras,  proportion  of  unmarried 66 

Brooke,  Maj.  Gen.  John  R.,  Military  Governor 20,72,385 

Bulls 358-360 

C. 

Cabildo,  organization  of 19 

Cabo  Rojo,  city,  population 163 

saltworks  of 16 

Cabo  Rojo  district 156,161,166,168,171, 

173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 300-302,  337, 340, 342, 344,  346, 348, 351,  353, 377 

Caguas,  city,  population 163 

Caguas  district 156,159,166,168,171, 

173, 185, 190, 195, 244,  294-296, 337, 340,  342,  344, 346,  348, 351,  353, 374 

Caicos  island,  percentage  of  colored  population 56, 57 

Calves 358-360 

Camba,  Andres  Garcia  (Governor) 384 

Campo,Alonso  (Governor)  383 

Camuy  district.. 156,157,164,168,170,172, 

185, 190, 194, 244, 287-289, 336, 339, 341,  343, 345, 348,  350, 352,  368, 369 
Caparra,  first  Spanish  settlement 14 


INDEX.  395 

Page. 

Captain-General,  powers  given 19 

Caracas,  importation  of  negroes  by  Company  of 30 

Caraza,  Licentiate  (Governor) 383 

Caribbean  Sea,  commanded  by  Porto  Rico 14 

Carolina,  city,  population 163 

Carolina  district 156,158,164,168,170, 

172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 290-293, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350,  352, 372 

Carreno,  Jose'  (Governor) 351 

Carroll,  H.  K. ,  special  commissioner,  reports  of 10, 386 

Castro,  Ramon  de  (Governor) 384 

Castro,  Sancho  Ochoa  de  (Governor) 383 

Cattle 146,358-360 

Cayey,  city,  population 163 

Cayey  district 156,159,166,168,171, 

173, 185, 190, 195,  244, 294-296, 337, 340,  342, 344, 346, 348, 351,  353, 373 

Cayey  tobacco 142 

Ceiba,  city,  population 163 

Ceiba  district 41 

Census,  cost  of 387 

date  as  of  November  10,  1899 361 

districts  denned 363 

enumerators,  duties  of 362 

method  of  appointment 362 

estimate  of  cost 9,387 

expense  to  be  borne  from  revenues  of  Porto  Rico 361 

letter  transmitting  report 9 

orders  directing  the  taking  of  the 361-334 

regulations  governing .' 361-365 

schedules  adopted 36, 37 

agricultural 147 

supervisors  appointed 365-381 

duties  of 361 

form  of  school 80 

Censuses,  summary  of  Spanish 32 

Ceron,  Juan  (Governor) 14, 382 

Center  of  population 44 

Cespedes,  Juan  de  (Governor)  383 

Cevera,  Admiral 15 

Charities,  board  of,  organized 21 

Child  labor 94 

Children,  illegitimate 66,240-243 

percentage  by  age  periods. . « 51, 54 

percentage  in  foreign  countries 51 

Chile,  proportion  of  unmarrried 66 

Chiles,  Lieut.  S.  G.,  disbursing  officer 365 

Chinese 32 

Ciales,  city,  population 163 

Ciales  district 156,158,164,168,170,172, 

185, 190, 194, 244, 287-289,  336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 369, 370 

Cidra,  city,  population 163 

Cidra  district 156,160,166,168,171, 

173, 186, 192, 195, 244, 297-299,  337, 340, 342, 344,  346, 348, 351,  353, 373 

Citizenship  (see  also  Nativity) 62-65 

Civil  secretary  to  Military  Governor 21 


396  INDEX. 

Page. 

Clifford,  Admiral  George 15 

Climate 12 

Coamo,  city,  population 163 

salt  works  of •- 16 

settlement  of 16 

Coamo  district 156,162,166,168,171,173, 

186, 192, 195, 245, 303-305,  338, 340, 342,  344, 347, 349,  351, 353, 379,  380 

Coclun,  Augustin 386 

Cocoanuts,  area  cultivated  in 356, 357 

Coffee,  area  cultivated  in 356, 357 

area  in  cultivation 153 

climate  required „ 119 

cost  of  producing 128 

cultivation 118-129 

early  history 125 

drying 127 

gathering 123,127 

industries 124-128 

method  of  planting 121 

method  of  seeding 120, 126 

preparation  for  market 124, 127, 128 

production  by  years 128 

soil  required 119 

sorting '. 128 

yield 126 

Colly  Toste,  Sefior,  civil  secretary 16,128,386 

estimate  of  sugar  crops 141 

remarks  regarding  tobacco 144 

Colom,  Enrique,  supervisor  Ponce  department 361 

Colomo,  Juan  (Governor) 384 

Colonization 14, 15 

Columbus,  Christopher 13 

Columbus,  Don  Diego 14,  382 

Comerio,  city,  population 163 

Comerio  district 156,160,166,168,171,173, 

185, 190, 195, 244,  294-296, 337, 340, 342,  344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 374 

Conjugal  condition 194, 195 

and  age 200-239 

nativity 196-199,200-239 

occupations 331, 332 

race 196-199,200-239,331,332 

discussion  of  tables 65-71, 117 

discussion  of  tables  from  earlier  censuses 32, 35 

in  common  law  marriage 65, 117 

consensual  unions 65, 117, 194, 195 

marriages  by  years  and  departments 113 

districts 348,349 

married 68 

unmarried 66 

widowed 71 

Constitution,  Spanish,  extended  to  Porto  Rico 20 

Consulado : 19,20 

Contreras,  Juan  (Governor)  385 


INDEX.  397 

Page. 

Contreras,  J 386 

Cordillera  Central 11 

Cordoba,  PedroT.de 386 

Corn,  Indian,  area  cultivated  in 356, 357 

Corozal,  city,  population 163 

Corozal  district 156,158,164,168,170, 

172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 290-293, 336, 339,  341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 371 

( '( >sta  Rica,  proportion  of  unmarried 66 

Cost  of  census,  estimated 9 

Cotoner,  Fernando  (Governor) 384 

Courts,  audiencias 22 

criminal 23 

of  first  instance  and  instruction 22 

reorganized  by  General  Davis 23 

Cows ,..  358-360 

Cuba: 

Age  ratios 45-53 

Breadwinners  by  age 89, 90 

sex 88 

percentage  by  race 93 

ratioof 86 

Dwellings,  ratio  to  families 105 

Families,  ratio  to  dwellings 105 

size  of 102 

Foreign-born  population,  ratios 62 

Illiteracy  by  sex 81 

Married,  percentage  of 68 

Median  age ; 47 

by  race 60 

Occupation  groups 95 

Population,  ratio  of  increase 40 

urban 43 

Race,  ratios 56 

by  5-year  age  periods 61 

of  breadwinners 93 

Relative  density  of  population 43 

Sex  and  illiteracy 81 

excess  of  males 45 

of  school  teachers 84 

Slaves,  percentage  of,  in  1872 18 

tax  on  importation  abolished 31 

Unmarried,  percentage  of * 66 

Culebra  island 12 

enumerated  with  Humacao 361 

Cultivation,  area  in 149 

Gushing,  Caleb 18 

D. 

Daban,  Antonio  (Governor) •  385 

Daban,  Juan  (Governor) 384 

Daban,  Luis  (Governor) 385 

Dana,  Pedro  Ruiz  (Governor) 385 

Davis,  Maj.  Charles  L.,  disbursing  officer 365 


398  INDEX. 

Page. 

Davis,  Brig.  Gen.  George  W. ,  Military  Governor 17,  21,  385, 386 

construction  of  roads 146 

prescribed  qualifications  of  electors 22 

remarks  as  to  price  of  tobacco 145 

report  on  education 72 

reports  on  Porto  Rico 10-386 

revision  of  school  laws 72 

Death  rate 113 

Deaths,  by  years  and  by  departments 112 

districts 350,351 

Decrees,  royal 22 

Deitell,M 140 

Denmark,  proportion  of  unmarried 66 

Density  of  population 42 

Departmental  government 21 

Departments,  creation  of 20 

geographical,  abolished 21 

Despujols,  Eulogio  (Governor) 385 

Diaz,  Caneja,  Ignacio 386 

Diaz,  Miguel 14 

Diaz,  Miguel  (Governor) 382 

Dingman,  Harrison 9 

appointed  assistant  director 361 

duties  assigned  to : 361 

Director  of  the  census,  appointed 361 

duties  of 361 

letter  of  transmittal 9 

tour  of  inspection 9 

Discovery  of  the  island 13 

Disbursing  officers  of  census 365 

Disbursements  for  the  Census 387 

Distilleries 155 

District  government 22 

Dorado  district 156,158,164,168,170, 

172,  185,  190,  194,  244,  290-293,  336,  339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 371 

Drake,  Sir  Francis 15 

Dufresne,  Jos£  (Governor) 384 

Dwellings 102-112 

and  families 105 

E. 

Earthquakes 12 

Ecclesiastical  tribunal 19 

Echague,  Rafael  (Governor) 384 

Economic  conditions 17 

Education  and  age 265-267 

nativity 265-267 

occupations 330, 331 

race 265-267 

sex 265-267,330,331 

Education: 

Bureau  of 21,72 

Cost  of..  72 


INDEX.  399 

Education:  Page. 

Degree  shown  by  statistics 73 

Discussion  of  tables 71 

History  of  Porto  Rican  schools 71 

Insular  board  of 72 

Literacy  and  school  attendance 243-245 

Sex  and  literacy,  by  occupations 330, 331 

System  of 72 

Educational  institutions 72, 281 

Electors,  discussion  of  tables 62-65 

literacy  of 64 

nativity  of 62-65 

qualifications 22 

under  Spanish  regime 20 

race 62-65 

El  Yunque 11 

Emancipation  of  slaves 31 

Encomiendas 29 

England,  proportion  of  unmarried 66 

English  life  tables 49 

Enumeration  districts,  number  of 9 

time  occupied  in 9 

Enumerators,  appointments  made 9 

duties  of 362-364 

method  of  appointment 362 

women  employed , 9 

Expenditures  for  the  census 9, 387 

for  schools 72 

under  Spanish  regime 17 

F. 

Fajardo,  city,  population 163 

Fajarde  district 156,160,166,168,171, 

173, 186, 192, 195,  244, 297-299,  337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 375 

Fajardo,  Ramon  (Governor) 385 

Families  and  dwellings 105 

discussion  of  tables 97-102 

size  of 99-102, 335-338 

Farm  products 356-357 

tenure 150 

by  area,  showing  race  of  occupant 150, 355, 356 

Farming  machinery 146 

Farms,  area , 12,352-356 

and  part  cultivated 352, 353 

number 146,352-356 

area,  showing  tenure  and  race  of  occupant 355, 356 

F. 

Fair's  life  tables 49 

Fauna 13 

Figueroa,  Baltasar  (Governor) 383 

Fisheries 13 

Flinter,  Col.  George  B 141,386 

Flora..  13 


400  INDEX. 

I'age. 

Forests 12, 26, 352,  353 

Foster,  Capt.  F.  W.,  disbursing  officer 365 

Fowls 358-360 

France,  proportion  of  unmarried 66 

Franco,  Tomds  (Governor) 383 

G. 

Gama,  Antonio  de  la  (Governor) 382 

Gamir,  Jose1  (Governor) 385 

Gannett,  Prof.  Henry 9 

Garbage,  disposal  of 109,341,342 

Geography 11 

Germany,  proportion  of  unmarried 66 

Goats 358,360 

Government,  autonomous 20 

departmental 20,21 

insular 20, 21 

municipal 20,  21 

organization  of  present 21 

Governor-General,  powers  of 19 

Granados,  Francisco  (Governor) 384 

Guanica,  harbor 12 

landing  of  American  Army  at 15 

salt  works  of 16 

Guarabo,  city,  population 163 

Guarabo,  district 156,160,166,168,171, 

173, 185, 190, 195, 244, 294-296, 337,  340, 342, 344, 346,  348, 351, 353,  373 

Guatemala,  proportion  of  illiterates 75 

proportion  of  unmarried , 66 

revenues  paid  to  Porto  Rico 16 

Guayama,  city,  population 163 

Guayama  department: 

Age 172, 178, 190,  216-219, 253-255, 266,  273, 274, 314, 315 

adults  by  nativity  and  race 63 

medium 47 

population  under  15  years 53 

Animals 358,359 

Area  cultivated 149,352 

in  forest 352 

farms 352 

principal  crops 357 

Birthplace 185 

Births  by  years 112,346 

Conjugal  condition ". 194,197,216-219 

ratio  of  married 68 

Deaths  by  years 112,350,351 

Density  of  population 42 

Distilleries,  number  and  capacity 155 

Dwellings 103 

average  number  of  occupants 103, 104 

number  of  unoccupied 104 

ratio  of  families 105 

Education 243,266 

Excreta,  disposition  of Ill,  343 

Families,  ratio  to  dwellings 105 


INDEX. 


401 


Gnayama  department — Continued.  Page. 

Families,  size  of 99-101, 335 

Farm  area 

principal  crops 357 

tenure - 150»  151 

Farms,  average  size  of 1^9 

Forest  area 352 

Garbage  disposal 341 

Illegitimates 241 

Literacy 64,  73, 190,  243,  253-255 

Literates  over  10  years  of  age : 79 

Livestock " 358,359 

Marriages  by  years 113, 348 

Marriage  rate 11" 

Nativity 164, 170, 178, 190, 197,  216-219,  241,  253-255,  266,  282-284,  314,  315 

Occupations 87,282,314,315,326,327 

Population,  increase  of 41 

total 156 

Race 59, 63, 164, 170, 178, 188, 190, 

197,  216-219, 241, 253-255, 266,  273, 274, 281, 282-284, 314,  315,  354, 356 

Rural  population 44 

School  attendance 76,  78, 84, 85, 243, 273,  274, 281 

Schools 281 

Sex 45, 164, 168, 172, 178, 188, 197, 

216-219, 241,  253-255, 266,  273, 274, 281,  282-284, 314, 315, 346, 350, 351 
Sugar  cultivation  and  production.     (See  references  under  Sugar. ) 
Tobacco  cultivation  and  production.     (See  references  under  Tobacco.)    . 

Urban  population 44 

Water  supply  sources '. 107,  339 

Guayama  district 79, 156, 160, 166, 168, 171, 

173, 185, 190, 195, 244,  294-296, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 373 
Guayanilla  district 156, 162, 166, 168, 171, 

173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 303-305, 338, 340, 342, 344, 347, 349,  351, 353, 380 

Guazo,  Mateo  de  (Governor) 384 

Guzman,  Juan  Perez  de  (Governor) 383 

H. 

Habeas  corpus,  authorized 21 

Hall,  A.  D 386 

Halstead,  Murat 386 

Hamm,  M.  A 386 

Harbors 11 

Haro,  Juan  de  (Governor ) 383 

Hatill. )  district loti,  158, 164, 168, 170, 

172, 185, 190, 1J»4.  244,  2S7-289,  336,  339,  341,  343,  345,  348,  350,  352,  369 

Hato  Grande  district  (see  San  Lorenzo  district) 41 

11.  alth,  board  of,  organized 21 

-  Henriquez,  Enrique  (Governor) 383 

Henry,  Maj.  Gen.  Guy  V.,  Military  Governor 21,  72, 386 

Hernandez,  Ricardo,  report  on  sugar  cultivation 129 

coffee 118-125 

supervisor  Bayamon  department 367 

Hill,  R.T ' 356 

History  (see  also  List  of  Governors,  pages  382-385) 13-18 

"  8490—00 26 


402  INDEX. 

Page. 

1 I  istory  of  coffee  cultivation 125 

education 71 

the  insular  government 18-21 

tobacco  cultivation 141 

Hogs 358-300 

Hollerith,  Herman 38 

contract  for  tabulating 381 ,  382 

Hormigueros  district 156,161,166,168,171, 

173, 186, 192, 195,  245,  300-302, 337,  340,  342, 344,  346, 348, 351, 353,  376 

Horses 146,  358-360 

Humacao,  city,  population 163 

Humacao  department: 

Age 172, 179, 190,  220-223,  241, 255-257,  266, 274, 275, 316,  317 

adults  by  nativity  and  race 63 

median 47 

population  under  fifteen  years 53 

Animals 358, 360 

Area  cultivated 149, 352 

in  farms 352 

forests -  - 352 

principal  crops 357 

Birthplace 185, 188 

Births  by  years 112,  346 

Conjugal  conditions : 194,  197,220-223 

ratio  of  married 68 

Deaths  by  years 1 12,  351 

Density  of  population 42 

Distilleries,  number  and  capacity 155 

Dwellings 103 

average  number  of  occupants 103, 104 

number  of  unoccupied 104 

ratio  to  families 105 

Education 243,  266 

Excreta,  disposition  of Ill,  343 

Families,  ratio  to  dwellings 105 

size  of 99-101, 335 

Farms,  area 352 

average  size  of 149 

principal  crops 357 

tenure 150, 151,  354,  356 

Forest  area 352 

Garbage  disposal 341 

Illegitimates 241 

Literacy 64,  73, 190, 243,  255-257 

Literates  over  10  years  of  a^c 79 

Live  stock 358, 360 

Marriages  1  >y  years 1 1 .'!,  :54S 

Marriage  rate 117 

Nativity 11.4, 170,  179, 190, 197,  220-223,  241,  255-257, 2Hf>,  282-284,  316,  317 

Occupations 87,  282,  316,  317,  326,  327 

Population,  increase  of 41 

total 156 

1  lace 59,  63, 164, 170, 179, 188, 190, 

197,  220-223,  241,  255-257,  266,  274, 275,  281,  282-284,  316, 317,  354,  356 


INDEX.  403 

Hurnacao  department — Continued.  Page. 

Rural  population 44 

S-h.  >< .1  attendance 76,  78,  84,  85,  243.  274.  275,  281 

Schools 281 

45.  1 W,  168, 172, 179, 

188, 197,  220-223, 255-257.  2f*>,  274,  275, 281, 282-284, 316, 317, 346, 351 
Sugar,  cultivation  and  production  of.     (See  references  under  Sugar.) 
Tobacco,  cultivation  and  production  of.     (See  references  under  Tobacco.) 

Trl  >an  population 44 

Water-supply  source? 107, 339 

Humacao  district 156,160,166,166,171, 

173, 186, 192, 195, 244, 297-299, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348,  351, 353, 375 

Humidity 13 

Hungary,  percentage  of  unmarried 66 

Hurricane,  consequences  of 9 

of  1899 17,129 

Hurricanes 147 

I. 

Illegitimate? 240-243 

Illiteracy,  discussion  of  tables 78-83 

of  males  over  21  years 190-193 

Inclan,  Miguel  de  la  Vega  (Governor) 385 

Indebtedness,  municipal,  amount  of 17 

Indians,  Caribs 26 

characteristics  and  customs 23 

Insular  policy,  board  of,  organized 21 

Insurrections : 15 

Intendancy 19 

established 16 

Interest,  rates  prevailing .' 17 

Internal  revenue,  bureau  of,  organized 21 

I reland,  proportion  of  unmarried 66 

Irving,  Washington 386 

I  sal  >ela  district 156, 157, 164, 168, 170, 

1 72, 185, 190, 194, 243,  284-286, 335, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 366 

Islets 12 

Italy,  proportion  of  unmarried 66 

Izquierdo,  Rafael  (Governor) 384 

J. 
Jails 23 

Jamaica,  per  cent  of  colored  population 56, 57 

Juana  Diaz,  city,  jxjpulation 163 

Juana  Diaz  district 156, 162, 166, 168, 171, 

173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 303-305, 338, 340, 342,  344, 347, 349, 351, 353, 380 

Judicial  board,  organized 21 

Judiciary 22 

Juncos,  city,  population 163 

June-  .-district 156, 160, 166, 168, 171, 

173, 185,  li«i,  li»5.  244.  2H4-296,  337,  340,  342,  344,  346.  348,  351.  :J5:>.  :;74 

L. 

Labra,  Rafael  M.  de 386 

Lajas.  city,  population 163 


404  INDEX. 

Page. 

Lajas  district 156,161,166,168.  171, 

173, 186, 192, 195, 245,  300-302, 337, 340, 342, 344,  346, 348, 351,  353, 377 

Lamlo,  Francisco  Manuel  de  (Governor) 383 

Lares,  city,  population 163 

Lares  district 156, 157, 164, 168, 1 70, 

172. 185, 190, 194,  243,  284-286,  335, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348,  350,  352.  3»i7 
Las  Marias  district 156,161,166,168,171, 

173. 186, 192, 195,  245, 300-302, 337,  340, 342,  344, 346, 348,  351, 353,  378 

Laws  governing  the  census 361-3t>5 

Lebron,  Geronimo  (Governor) :!S3 

Leeward  Islands,  percentage  of  colored  population 5t>,  57 

proportion  of  unmarried 66 

Lemery,  Jose"  (Governor) .!S4 

Life  tables,  Farr's  (English) 49 

Literacy  and  age 81,82, 190-193,243-245.  24.' -2»i5 

citi/.cnship 62-65 

education 243-245,330,331 

nativity ^90-193,  24-5-265 

occupations 330, 331 

race 82, 190-193, 245-265 

school  attendance 243-245 

sex 82, 190-193, 245-265, 330-331 

discussion  of  tables 72.  7  - 

precautions  in  determining 9 

tables  from  early  censuses "-1.  •'!»> 

teats  adopted  in  Porto  Rico H 

Live  stock 146 

by  kind  of  animals 358-360 

Loaysa,  Licentiate  Cervantes  de  (Governor) 383 

Loiza  district 156,159,164,168,170, 

172, 185, 190, 194,  244, 290-293, 336, 339, 341, 343,  345,  348, 350, 352, 372 

Loiza  River 11 

Lugo,  Francisco  Bahamonde  (Governor) 

Luquillo  district 41 

M. 

Macias  y  Casado.  Manuel  (Governor) 385 

Macomb,  Capt.  A.  C.,  disbursing  officer 365 

Malangas,  area  cultivated  in 356, 357 

Manati.  city,  population 163 

Manati  district 156,158,164,168,170, 

1 72, 185, 190, 194,  244.  i>7--JS9, 336, 339, 341, 343,  345, 348, 350, 352,  369 

Mansfield.  Maj.  F.  W.,  disbursing  officer 

Marchesi,  Jos£  Maria  (Governor) 

Maricao.  city,  population 163 

Maricao  district 156, 161, 166, 168.  171, 

1 73, 186, 192, 195, 245, 300-302, 337, 340, 342. 344, 346, 348, 351,  3-53, 378 

Marin,  Sabas  (Governor) 385 

Marquis  of  Spain  (Governor) 384 

Married  (see  afoo  Conjugal  condition) 68, 194-239 

Marital  condition.     (See  Conjugal  condition. ) 
Marriage  (tee  oho  Conjugal  condition): 

discussion  of  existing  conditions 117 

rai  117 


CTDEX.  4'.'? 


Marriages  by  years 


Martinique,  proportion  of  tmmarried..  ...............  66 

Maunabo,  city,  population  .............  —  —      163 

Mannabo  district  .................  •»,  KM*.  KS6,  168*  171, 

173,  186,  198;  195,  244,  297-390,  337,  340,  342,  344,  316,,  348,  351,  353.  37o 
Mayagnez  city: 

"  Age  ............................  .  .  .  .    79L  ITS,  183 

Btrthpk  ...  186,189 

Conjngal  conditioti  ..195,198 

PweOingg.  average  number  of  occupant-  ...  103,104 

ratio  to  families  ___  .......................  ______  105 

Excreta,  disposition  of  ...........  ...  111.112,344 

Families,  ratio  to  dwellings  ...........  105 

-Garbage  dispool  ..................................  .......  ..110,312 

Literates  over  10  years  of  act  .  79 

.........  ....         ft 

Nativity  ...  1(86,183^198 

......................................    ..................       l-.: 

Kace... 

Sciiool  attendance  . 

_____  .....  l«Su  171183L  1«9,.  198 

Water-supply  soar  .............  ...  109,  310 

Mayagnez  department: 

"Age  .....  ..............  172,180,  190,  224-227,242,  257-25»,  387.  275..  27(8.  31*.  319 

adnhs  by  nativity  and  race  ------  :  .................. 

:   •     .................................................... 

population  under  15  year?  _____________  ...........  ..        S3 

Aninub.  ..............  ..  3*S.360 

Area  cultivated  ........  ...........  149,332 

::.•-..  .......  —       332 


principal  crops 357 

Birthplace... 

Births  by  year-  I1±,3*B 

Conjugal  conditions ...  194,1 

ratio  of  married 

Deaths  by  yea-                 .112.351 

Density  of  population 4S 

Distilleries,  number  and  capacity. 155 

Dwelling? 103 

average  number  of  occupant-  . .  IC6. 104 

number  of  unoccupied 104 

ratio  to  families 105 

••-.  LI:-:  : .-    .-- 

-ta,  disposition  of 111,343 

Families,  ratio  to  dwellings 105 

azeof •••-•.    .     ::.; 

Farm  area 

crops,  principal. 

tenure 150. 151,  355, 356 

Farms,  average  size  ot ..  ~.~~? 

Forest  area. 

-  .-  L-._--     >_•-.,' -1 


406  IXDEX. 

Mayaguez  department — Continued.  Page. 

Illegitimates 242 

Literacy 64.  73.  74. 1  90.  243.  257-259 

Literates  over  10  years  of  age 79 

Live  stock 3E 

Marriages  1  >y  years 113.  348 

Marriage  rate 117 

Nativity 164, 170, 180, 190, 198,  224-227.  242.  257-25St.  •_••  17,  282-284,  31 8,  319 

Occupations 87, 282, 318, 319, 32 

ratios 87  88 

Population,  increase  of 1 41 

total 156 

Race 59,  63, 164, 170, 180, 18s.  190, 

198, 224-227.  242.  257-259,  2H7.  275  i 8, 319,  355, 356 

Rural  population 44 

School  attendance 7".  78,  -4.  ,s5.  243.  275.  27 

Schools 

Sex 45,164.  I 

198,  224-227.  242.  257-259,  267,  275,  276,  281,  282-284,  318,  319.  346,  351 
Sugar,  cultivation  and  production  of.     (See  references  under  Sugar.) 
Tobacco,  cultivation  and  production  of.     (See  references  under  Toba< 

Urban  population 44 

Water-supply  sources 107.  339 

Mayaguez  district 79, 156, 161, 166,  168.  171, 

173, 186, 192, 195,  245,  300-302,  337,  340.  342.  344.  34-i.  34s.  351,351 

Median  age 

Melendez,  Diego  (Governor) • 

Melendez,  Salvador  (Governor) 

Melgarejo,  Juan  (Governor) 

Mendizabal,  Jose  ( Governor) 

Mendoza,  Cristobal  de  (Governor) 

Mereado,  Alonso  (Governor) 383 

M- -Miia,  Felix  Maria  de  (Governor) 384 

Mexico,  proportion  of  unmarried 66 

revenues  paid  to  Porto  Rico 16 

Miles,  Maj.-Gen..  X.  A 15 

Mineral  resources 13 

Mirasol,  Count  (Governor) 384 

Moca,  city,  population 163 

Moca  district 79,  156.  i:>7.  ir,4.  !»;>,  170, 

172, 185, 190, 194.  243.  284-286,  335, 339,  341,  34:',.  :;4.\  3  2,  366 

Mona  Island 12 

enumerated  with  Mayaguez 361 

Mona  Passage 1 1 . 12. 14 

Moutes,  Toribio  de  (Governor) 384 

Morales.  Luis  Munoz.  supervisor  Guayama  department 361 

Moredo,  Francisco  (Governor) 3^4 

M"ivno,  Pedro  (Governor) 3^2 

Morla,  Juan  (Governor) :i^4 

Morovis,  city,  population 163 

Mor. ,vis  district 156, 158,  164, 168.  1 70, 

1 72, 185, 190, 194,  244.  2S7-2S9.  336,  339,  341,  34:;.  345.  348,  350,  352,  369 

Morovis  River 11 

Moseoso,  Commander  (Governor) 382 


INDEX.  407 

Page. 

Mota,  Inigo  de  la  (Governor) 384 

Mue*as,  Miguel  de  (Governor) 384 

Mules 358-360 

Municipal  government 21 

Mun<  >z,  Andres  Gonzalez  (Governor) 385 

X. 

Na;-rual >< >  rit y 163 

Xa<ruabo  district 156, 160, 166, 169, 171, 

173, 186, 192, 195, 244, 297-299, 337,  340, 342, 344, 346,  348, 351, 353, 376 

Xanglares,  Domingo  (Governor) 384 

Xaranjito  district 79, 156, 159, 164, 168, 170, 

1 72, 185, 190, 194, 244, 290-293, 336, 339, 341,  343,  345, 348, 350, 352, 371 

Nativity  and  age 174-185,  200-239, 240-243,  245-265,  265-267, 306-325 

citizenship 62-65 

conjugal  condition 196-199,200-239 

education 265-267 

literacy 82, 245-265 

occupations 94, 306-325, 327,  328 

race  164-169, 

174-185, 196-199,  200-239,  240-243, 245-265, 265-267, 306-325,  327,  328 

sex 164-171, 

174-185, 196-199, 200-239,  240-243,  245-265,  265-267, 306-325, 327,  328 

discussion  of  tables 62, 82, 94 

earlier  censuses 1 32-35 

percentage  of  foreign  born 62 

(see  also  Birthplace.) 

Naval  tribunal 19 

Navarroa,  Jos6  (Governor) 384 

Negroes  (see  also  references  under  Race): 

History  of,  in  Porto  Rico 30-32 

Importation  of 30 

Percentage  of  . .  .^ 60 

Slave  and  free ^ 31 

Tables  from  earlier  censuses 32-34 

Total  colored  population  at  different  periods _ 30 

Total  number  of  slaves 31 

Netherlands,  proportion  of  unmarried 66 

New  Zealand,  proportion  of  unmarried 66 

Norzagary,  Fernando  de  (Governor) 384 

O. 

Obando,  Francisco  de  (Governor) 383 

Ober,  F.  A 386 

Occupations  and  age 89, 90-92,  306-325,  328,  329 

birthplace 333,  334 

conjugal  condition 331,  332 

education 330,  331 

literacy 330,  331 

nativity 94,  306-325,  327,  328 

race 92-94, 282-305, 306-325,  327,  328 

sex 88, 90, 94, 96, 282-305, 306-325, 327-334 

by  departments 282-305,  326,  327 

districts..  .  282-305 


408  INDEX. 

Page. 
Occupations  by  groups 95-97,  282-305 

discussion  of  tables 86-97 

of  earlier  censuses 34 

in  detail,  by  departments 326, 327 

Orders  directing  the  taking  of  the  census 361-365 

O'Keylly,  Governor,  estimate  of  tobacco  production 144 

Orography 11 

Ortega,  Ricardo  (Governor) 385 

Ovando,  Nicolas  de 13, 14 

Oxen 358-360 

P. 

Palacio,  Romualdo  (Governor) 385 

Pareja,  Agustin  (Governor) 384 

Patillas,  city,  population '. 163 

Patillas  district 156, 160, 166, 168, 171, 

173, 186, 192, 195, 244, 297-299, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346,  348, 351,  353, 375 

Pavia,  Julian  Juan  (Governor) 385 

Penuelas  city,  population 163 

Penuelas  district 156. 162. 166, 168, 171, 

173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 303-305, 338,  340,  342,  344, 347.  34V),  :!ol,  353,  380 

Pezuela,  Juan  de  la  (Governor) 384 

Pezuela,  N 386 

Perez,  Jose  Lasso  (Governor)  .' 385 

Peso,  value  of 17 

Plantations,  area 146 

number 146 

(see  also  references  under  Farms. ) 

Piedras  district 79, 156, 160, 166, 168, 171, 

173, 186, 192, 195, 244,  297-299, 337, 340, 342,  344,  346,  348, 351,  353, 375 

Pigs 358-360 

Planella,  Senor,  report  on  tobacco , 141 

Plower,  J.  Martinez  (Governor) ' 385 

Ponce  city: 

Age 173, 184, 232-235, 242,  261-263,  267,  278,  279,  324, 325 

.Areas,  farm 353 

Birthplace 186, 189 

Conjugal  condition I'M.  199,  2U2-235 

Dwellings,  average  number  of  occupants 103, 104 

ratios  to  families 105 

Education 267 

Kxcreta,  disposition  of Ill,  112,  344 

Families,  ratio  to  dwellings _• 105 

Farm  areas 353 

<  uirbage,  disposal 110,  342 

Illegitimates 242 

Literacy,  by  race  and  nativity »>.">,  281-263 

ratios 74 

Literates  over  10  years  of  age 79 

Nativity * 166, 184, 199,  232-2:55.  242,  2(>l-i'ti:i.  267,  322, 323 

Occupati(  .ns 322, 323 

1  '<  ipulation 163 

Race 166, 184, 189, 199, 232-235,  242,  261-263,  267,  278,  279,  322,  323 


INDEX.  409 

Ponce  city — Continued.  Page. 

School  attendance 76,  278, 279 

ratios 76 

Settlement  of 16 

Sex 166, 169, 173, 184, 189, 199,  232-235, 242, 261-263, 267, 278, 279, 322, 323 

Surrender  to  General  Miles 15 

Water-supply  sources 109, 340 

Ponce  Department: 

Age . .  v 172, 181, 190, 228-231,  242, 259-261,  267, 276-278,  320, 321 

adults,  by  nativity  and  race 63 

median -., 47 

population  under  15  year* 53 

Animals 358, 360 

Area  cultivated 149,  352 

in  farms 352 

forests 352 

principal  crops 357 

Birthplace -  - -  - 185-188 

Births,  by  years - -  1 12,  347 

Conjugal  conditions 194, 198,  228-231 

ratio  of  married 68 

Deaths,  by  years 112,  351 

Density  of  population 42 

Distilleries,  number  and  capacity 155 

Dwellings 103 

average  number  of  occupants 103, 104 

number  of  unoccupied 104 

ratio  to  families 105 

Education 243,  267 

Kxcreta,  disposition  of Ill,  343 

Families,  ratio  to  dwellings 105 

si/.e  of 99-101,  335 

Farm  area 352 

principal  crops 357 

tenure 150, 151,  355,  356 

Farms,  average  size  of .*. 149 

Forest  urea 352 

Garbage  disposal 341 

Illegitimates 242 

Literary 64,  73,  74, 190,  243,  259-261 

Literates  over  10  years  of  age 79 

Live  stock 358,  360 

Marriages,  by  years 113,  349 

Marriage  rate 117 

Nativity 1(54,  170, 181, 190, 198,  228-231,  242,  259-261,  267,  282-284,  320,  321 

(  hvupations 87,  282,  320,  321,  326,  327 

ratios 87, 88 

Population,  increase  of 41 

t>  »tal 156 

Race 59, 63, 164, 170, 181, 188, 190, 

198,  228-231,  242,  259-261,  267,  276-278,  281,  282-284,  320,  321,  355,  356 

Rural  population 44 

School  attendance 76,  78,  84, 85, 243,  276-278,  281 

Schools..  281 


410  INDEX. 

Ponce  Department:  Page. 

45, 164, 168, 172,  is       3  - 

198.  22S-2.",1 .  242,  259-261,  267,  276-278,  281,  282-284,  320,  321,  347,  351 
Sugar,  cultivation  and  production  of.      (See  references  under  Sugar.) 
Tobacco,  cultivation  and  production  of.     (See  references  under  Tobac 

Urban  population 44 

\Vuter-supply  sources 1 1 ' 

Ponce  district 79,156,162.  16»>.  KiS.  171. 173, 

186, 192, 195,  245,  303-305,  338,  340,  :U2.  .",44.  .",47.  S4i».  351,  353,  378,  ^ 

Ponce  Harbor 11 

Ponce  de  Leon  (Governor) 13, 14,  23.  2V),  382 

Population  (see  also  references  under  Age,  Birthplace,  Citizenship.  Conjugal  condi- 
tion, Education,  Families,  Dwellings,  Illegitimates,  Literacy,  Nativity, 
Occupations,  Race,  Sanitation,  Sex,  School  attendance,  Water-supply 
sources) : 

By  departments  and  municipal  districts 156 

previous  censuses :!2-:!H.  40 

wards  and  cities 157-163 

Center  of 44 

method  of  computation 44 

Density,  by  departments 42 

districts,  reference  to  map  showing 43 

Discussion  cf  tables 40-44 

Increase  by  decades,  ratio  of 40 

Per  square  mile ; 42 

Schedules,  form  adopted 36, 37 

Tabulation,  method  employed 

Total,  at  different  periods 40 

of  cities 163 

departments 156 

municipal  districts 156 

wards 157-163 

Urban,  discussion  of  tables 43 

Portilla,  Segundo  de  la  (Governor) 

Potatoes,  sweet,  area  cultivated  in 3-v>,  :;.""•>  7 

Poultry -i 358-360 

Prim,  Juan  (Governor) .".^4 

Prison  control,  board  of,  organized 21 

Prisons 23 

Provincial  deputation,  organized  and  abolished 20 

Public  Works,  Bureau  of,  organized 21 

Pulido,  Ramon  Gomez  (Governor) 385 

Pupils.     (See  School  attendance. ) 

Q. 

Qualifications  of  electors 22 

Quebradillas,  city,  population 163 

district 156, 158, 164, 168, 170, 

1 72, 185, 190, 194.  244.  287-289,  336, 339, 341,  343,  345,  348, 350, 352, 368 
Queensland,  proportion  of  unmarried 66 

R. 

Race  and  age 60-62, 174-185, 200-239, 240-243,  245-265, 265-267,  267-280, 306-325 

birthplace 187, 1 88,  1 89, 190-193 

citizenship 62-65 


INDEX.  411 

Page. 

Race  and  conjugal  condition 65-71, 196-199, 200-239' 

education 265-267 

farm  tenure 150,  355,  35& 

literacy 80-82,190-193,245-265 

nativity 164-171, 

174-185, 190-193, 196-199,  200-239, 240-243, 245-265, 265-267,  327,  328 

occupations 92, 282-305,  306-325, 327, 328 

school  attendance 78,267-280 

sex 60,164-169,174-185,187-193, 

196-199, 200-2:;<>,  240-243,  245-265, 265-267, 267-280, 306-325,  327,  328- 

comparative  ratios 59, 61 

discussion  ;>f  statistics 55-62" 

in  relation  to  farm  product* 356,  357 

of  farm  occupants 354,  355 

widowed 71 

ratios  at  different  periods ">7 

of  married 69- 

relative  longevity 61 

tables  from  earlier  censuses 32-3& 

Railroads 12, 14& 

Rainfall 12 

Ramirez,  Felipe  (Governor) 384 

Real  estate,  valuation  of 17 

Rector 386- 

Repartimientos 29 

Rej  >tiles 13 

Resources,  mineral 13 

Revenues  under  Spanish  regime ; 17 

Rice,  area  cultivated  in 356,  357 

Riekohl,  Guillermo,  supervisor  Humacao  department 361 

Rincon,  city,  population 163 

Rincon  district 79, 151, 156, 164, 168, 170, 

1 72, 185, 190, 194,  243,  284-286,  335,  339,  341,  343,  345,  348,  350,  352,  366- 

Rio  Grande,  city,  population 163- 

RioGrande  district 156, 159, 164, 168, 170, 

1 72, 185, 190, 194,  244,  290-293,  336,  339,  341,  343,  345,  348,  350.  :;r.2.  :',72 

Rio  Piedras,  city,  population 163 

Rio  Piedras  district 156, 159, 164, 168, 170, 

172, 185, 190, 194,  244,  290-293,  336,  339,  341,  343,  345,  348,  350,  352,  372 

Rivas,  Gabriel  Gutierrez  de  (Governor) 3S4 

Rivera,  Rafael  Primo  de  (Governor) :!s4,  :;s."> 

Rivers 11 

Roads 12.  1 4(5 

Robladillo,  Diego  de  (Governor) 383 

Robles.  Antonio  (Governor ) 384 

Robles,  Juan  ( Governor) 384 

Rojas,  Gabriel  de  (Governor  ) :;s:; 

Root,  Klihu,  Secretary  of  War 10 

orders  of 361-365 

Rural  population,  median  age  of 47 


Sabana  del  Palmar  district  (see  Comerio  district ) 41 

Sabana  Grande,  city,  population 165 


412  INDEX. 

I'.-ige. 

Sabana  Grande  district 156, 161, 166, 168, 171, 

173, 186, 192, 195,  245,  300-302,  337,  340,  342, 344, 346, 348,  351,  353,  378 

St.  Vincent,  percentage  of  colored  population 51, 56 

Salinas,  city,  population 163 

Salinas  district 156, 160, 166, 168, 171, 

173, 185, 190, 195,  244,  294-296,  337,  340,  342,  344,  346,  348,  351, 353,  373 

Salt  works 16 

Sampson,  Rear-Admiral,  W.  T 15 

San  Domingo,  revolution  beneficial  to  Porto  Rico 16 

San  German,  city,  population 163 

settlement  of 15 

San  German  district 156, 161, 166, 168, 171, 

173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 300-302, 337, 340,  342, 344,  346,  348,  351, 353,  377 

San  Juan  Bautista,  Porto  Rico  so  named  by  Columbus 13 

San  Juan,  bishop  of 19 

San  Juan,  city: 

Age 182,  236-239,  243,  263-265,  267,  279,  280,  324.  325 

Areas,  farm 353 

Birthplace 189 

Bombardment  by  American  fleet 15 

Burned  by  Drake 15 

Captured  by  English 15 

Conjugal  condition iw.  23H-239 

Dutch  attack  upon - 15 

Dwellings,  average  number  of  occupants 103, 104 

ratio  to  families 105 

Education 267 

English  siege  of  (1797) 15 

Excreta,  disposition  of Ill,  112 

Families,  ratio  to  dwellings 105 

French  assault  upon 15 

<  hirbage,  disposal 110 

Harbor 11 

Illegitimates 243 

Literacy,  by  race  and  nativity iv>,  2»>:5-265 

ratios 74 

Nativity 182, 199, 236-239,  243,  2»>:',-2«;.\  i'ii7.  :L'4, 325 

Occupati< .us :',24.  .".25 

Population 163 

Ka.  v 182, 189, 199,  236-239,  243,  263-2U5.  2ii7.  27'.».  2su.  :524,  325 

Settlement  of 15 

3<*x 182, 189, 199, 236-239, 243, 263-265,  267, 279,  2si  >,  324, 1  ',25 

Water-supply  sources 108 

•San  Juan  department  (see,  Bayamon  department) 41 

San  Juan  district 79,  156, 151),  KU.  1  tJS,  170, 

172, 185, 190, 194, 244,  290-293, 336, 339, 341, 343,  34.\  34s.  350,  :;:>•>.  370 

San  I.oivn/i),  city,  population 163 

San  I.on-n/.o  district 156, 160, 166, 168, 171, 

173, 185, 190, 195,  244,  2<>4-J<>i;.  :y.\7, 340,  342, 344,  :!4ti.  :',4s.  361,  ::.V5,  374 

San  Sel  >ast ian,  city,  population 163 

San  Sebastian  district 156, 157, 164, 168, 170, 172, 

185, 190, 194,  243,  284-286,  335,  339,  341, 343,  345,  348,  350,  352, 366, 367 
ie/..  Francisco  (Governor) 384 


INDEX. 


Sanger,  Lieut.  Col.  J.  P.,  Inspector-General,  I",  s.  A.  : 

Appointed  Director  of  Census  .....................................  -  —       361 

Contract  f<  <r  tal  mlating  .............................................  3s 

Letter  of  tnuismittal  .................................................. 

Tour  of  inspection  ...  ................................................. 

Sanitation,  discussion  of  tables  ..........................................  102-112 

disposition  of  excreta  ........................................  343,  344 

garbage  ................................  110-112,  343,  344 

of  dwellings  ______  ...........................  -  .................       102 

water  supply  ........................................   106-109,  339,  34O 

Santa  Isabel,  city,  population  ..............................................       163 

Santa  Isabel  district  ........................................   156,  162,  166,  168,  171, 

173,  186,  192,  195,  245,  303-305,  338,  340,  342,  344,  347,  349,  351,  353,  380 
Sanz,  Jose  Laureaiu  >  t  <  iovernor)  ...........................................       385 

Schedules  adopted  ........................................................  •'!'>,  37 

agriculture  .....................................................        147 

form  of  school  ..................................................         80 

School  attendance  and  education  ........................................  243-245 

literacy  ..........................................  243-245 

by  age  ....................................   76,  24:1-245,  267-280 

classes  ..............................................       281 

race  .......................................   76,  267-2sn.  -si 

ratio  to  population  _____  .......................   ......         76 

sex  ........................................   76,  267-2SI  ).  2S  1 

discussion  of  tables  ......................................  75-78 

schedules  ..............................................         83 

buildings  .........................................................   72.  s4 

equipment  ...................  ^  ....................................   72.  84 

laws  ..............................................................         72 

iting  capacity  ...................................................         S4 

system  ...........................................................         72 

Schools  ........................  .  .........................................  71  ,  72 

by  classes  and  departments  ...............  .  ...........  .  ............       2sl 

discussion  of  tables  ..........................................   71  ,  72,  83-86 

history  ...........................................................         71 

number  ...............................  .'  ..........................       281 

liy  classes  .................................................       281 

private  ____  ...................................................   72,  s  4.  2s  1 

public  ..................................  ____  ..................   72,  84,  281 

religious  ..........................................................         84 

Schuyler.  (  'apt.  W.  S  .....................................................         29 

Scotland,  proportion  of  unmarried  .........................................         66 

Secretary  of  War,  letter  transmitting  report  to  ..............................  9 

to  commission  census  enumerators  ........................       361 

supervisors  .........................       361 

Seijo,  Felix,  supervisor  Arecibo  department  ..............  ..  ................       3t  il 

.  Serna,  Manuel  de  la  (Governor)  ...........................................       :;s."> 

Settlements,  early  ........................................................   14.  15 

Sex  and  age  ..............    .  .............................................  53-55, 

172-1  so.  200-239,  240-24:;.  245-286,  2"M-2ti7,  2H7-280,  306-325,  328,329 
Birthplace  .........................................   187-189,  190-193,  333,  334 

Births  by  years  and  by  districts  .....................................  345-347 

Conjugal  condition  ...................  05-71,  196-190,200-239,240-243,331,332 


414  INDEX. 

Page. 

Sex,  deaths  l>y  years  and  by  districts 350,  351 

Education 265-267, 330,  331 

Literacy 81, 190-193,  245-265, 330,  331 

Nativity 164-169, 174-185, 

190-193,.  196-199,  200-239,  240-243,  245-265,  265-267,  306-325,  327, 328 

Occupations 88, 282-305,  306-325,  327-334 

Race 60,164-169,174-185, 

190-193,  196-199,  200-239,  240-243,  245-265,  265-267,  306-325,  327,  328 

School  attendance 77,  267-280 

Discussion  of  statistics 45,  46 

of  earlier  censuses 32-36 

Of  teachers  and  pupils 84 

Percentages  of  married 70 

Ratios '. 46 

Tables  from  earlier  censuses 32-36 

Sheep 358-360 

Sierra  de  Cayey 11 

Sierra  de  Luquilla 11 

Silva,  Agustin  de  (Governor) 383 

Single  (see  Conjugal  conditions) 66 

Slave  trade 30 

Slavery 30 

abolition  of 32 

Indian -. 29 

introduction  of  negro 30 

Slaves 18 

number  shown  by  census  1860 32,  33 

statistics  regarding 30-34 

Solis,  Francis  de  (Governor) 383 

Sotomayor,  Cristoval  de 14 

Spain,  natives  in  Porto  Rico,  by  districts 185, 186 

occupations  of  natives  of 333,  334 

sex  and  race  of  natives  of 187-189 

Spanish  America,  occupations  of  natives  of 333, 334 

sex  and  race  of  natives  of 187-189 

Stahl,  Dr.  Agustin ". 386 

State  and  municipal  affairs,  bureau  organized 21 

Steers - -  358-360 

Sugar  cane,  area  in  cultivation 153 

climate  requisite _ 130 

cutting 139 

description  of  planting 129 

hilling 138 

planting 135, 136 

preparation  of  ground 133 

pruning  . . .-. 138 

reproduction 132 

soil  necessary 130 

weeding 137 

Sugar  cultivation 129-141 

industry,  effect  of  depression 42 

mills - 155 

production  by  years 145 


INDEX.  415 

Page. 

Suffrage,  restrictions  governing 22 

Supervisors  of  census,  appointed 361 

duties  of 361 

s\\C(len,  proportion  of  unmarried 66 

Swift.  Capt.  Eben,  disbursing  officer 365 

Switzerland,  proportion  of  unmarried -. 66 

T. 

Tabulating  Machine  Company,  contract 381,  382 

Tabulation,  method  adopted 38 

Tapia  y  Rivera,  Pedro 386 

Taxation,  Spanish  system 15, 16 

Teachers,  school,  sex  of 84 

Tentor,  Jose1  (Governor) 384 

Temperature 12 

Tenure  of  farms 150 

Timber 352,  353 

varieties 12 

Toa  Alta  district 156, 159, 164, 168, 170, 

172, 185, 190, 194,  244,  290-293,  336,  339,  341,  343,  345,  348,  350,  352,  371 

Toa  Baja,  city,  population 163 

Toa  Baja,  district 156, 159, 164, 168, 170, 

172, 185, 190,  194,  L>44,  L'90-293,  336,  339,  341,  343,  345,  348,  350,  352,  371 

Tobacco 141-145 

area  cultivated  in 356,  357 

cultivation 142 

production  by  years 145 

Torralbo,  Francisco  (Governor) 384 

Torre,  Miguel  de  la  (Governor)  15, 384 

Torre,  Simon  de  la  (Governor) 385 

Torregrosa,  Luis  A.,  supervisor  Aguadilla  department 361 

Transmittal,  letter  of 9 

Travis,  Capt.  P.  M. ,  disbursing  officer 365 

Treaties  affecting  slavery 31 

Trinidad,  proportion  of  unmarried 66 

Trujillo  Alto,  city,  population 163 

Trujillo  Alto,  district 156,  159, 164, 168, 170, 

172,  185,  190,  194,  244,  290-293,  336,  339,  341,  343,  345,  348,  350,  352, 372 

Turks  Island,  percentage  of  colored  population 56, 57 

proportion  of  unmarried 66 

U. 

United  States: 

Age  ratios 48-53 

Breadwinners,  by  age s<».  !)0 

sex 88 

percentage  1  >y  race 93 

ratio  of 86 

Dwellings,  ratio  to  families 105 

Families,  ratio  to  dwellings 105 

size  of 102 

Foreign-born  population,  ratios 62 

Illiteracy,  by  sex 81 

Married,  percentage,  by  srx 68 


416  INDEX. 

United  States — Continued.  Page. 

Median  age 46 

by  race 60 

Occupation,  groups 95 

Occupations  of  natives  of 3o.">.  MS4 

Population,  ratio  of  increase 40 

urban 4:> 

Race  ratios 56,  ls7-l.v» 

by  5-year  periods 61 

of  breadwinners '.*:; 

of  natives  in  island 187-1  Si) 

Sex  and  illiteracy 

race  of  natives  in  island 187-189 

Unmarried,  percentage  of i;6 

Unmarried  (see  aim  Conjugal  condition ) 66, 194. 195 

by  age,  sex,  and  race 67 

nativity,  race,  and  sex 67 

sex H7 

sex,  race,  and  nativity 196-199 

discussion  of  tables 66-68 

ratio  to  population 66 

sex  ratios 67 

Urban  population 43 

median  age  of 47 

Uriarte,  Miguel 30 

I'stariz,  Miguel  (Governor) .'i>4 

Utuado,  city,  population 163 

Utuado  district 156, 158, 164, 168, 170, 172, 185, 

190, 194, 244, 287-289, 336, 339,  341, 343, 345, 348,  350,  352,  367,  368.  :!70 


Valle,  Jose  G.  del 386 

Vallejo,  Luis  de  (Governor) :x; 

Yallejo,  Dr.  Antonio  de  la  Llama  (Governor) 

Vargas,  Juan  de  (Governor) 383 

Yasco  y  Pascual,  Juan  (Governor) 

Yega  Alta,  city,  population 163 

Yega  Alta  district 156, 15i>.  164,  168, 170, 

172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 290-293, 336, 339, 341, 343,  34:..  ;>,4s.  350,  :',5:>,  371 

Yega  Baja,  city,  population 163 

Vega  Baja  district 15i>.  I5;t.  Ki4.  MS,  170, 

172, 185, 190, 194,  244, 290-293,  336,  339, 341,  343, 345.  348,  350,  :J5i'.  :!71 

Velasco,  Geronimo  de  (Governor) .".s.'I 

Vergara,  Marcos  de  (Governor ) :;>4 

Vieques,  city,  population 163 

Vieques  district 79,  15i>,  161,166,168,171, 

173, 186,  I'.tL'.  195.  244,  2U7-2W,  :W7,  340,  :Ul',  ."44.  346,  348,  :!51,  :{5.",,  :57ii 

Vieques  Harbor 12 

Vieques  Island 12 

enumerated  with  Humacao 361 

Vigo,  Santiago  Meinle/.  i  .<  ;<>vern<irV  _ 384 

Yillanin,  Diego  ( Governor) 384 

Vines,  Benit.  > 386 

Virgin  passage 14 


INDEX.  417 

Vital  statistics:  Page. 

Births,  by  districts  and  years 112,  345-347 

sex  345-347 

Deaths 112 

by  districts,  by  years  and  by  sex 350, 351 

Discussion  of  tables 112 

Marriages 112 

by  years  and  by  districts 348, 349 

W. 

Wales,  proportion  of  unmarried 66 

War  Department  orders  organizing  the  census 361-365 

Wards.     (. fye  Barrios. ) 

Water-supply  sources 106-109,  339,  340 

Wealth  of  the  island,  estimate  of 17 

West  Indies: 

Occupations  of  natives 333, 334 

Relative  size  of  islands 42 

Sex  and  race  of  natives 187-189 

Widowed  (we  also  Conjugal  condition) 66,  71, 194-239 

Willcox,  Walter  F 10 

Wives.      (See  Conjugal  condition. ) 

X. 

Xuarez,  Pedro  ( Governor) 383 

Y. 

Yabucoa,  city,  population 163 

Yabucoa  district 156, 161, 166, 168, 171, 

173, 186, 192, 195, 244,  297-299, 337, 340,  342,  344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 375 

Yams,  area  cultivated  in 356, 357 

Yauco,  city,  population 163 

Yauco  district 156,162,166,168,171,173, 

186, 192, 195, 245, 303-305,  338, 340, 342, 344, 347, 349,  351, 353,  380,  381 

Z. 

Zulueta,  Manuel  Delgado  (Governor) 385 

8490—00 27 

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